Geography S7

2 periods
Part I: physical landscape of Europe

Wilke, 2023
 except from the background color of my presentation

What is new this year?

- a new book, same procedure (pay as soon as possible, then you will get the book)

- I am obliged to enter all longterm assignments, tests and homework into the SMS. (also A-test
grades might be visible for you)

- You are obliged to bring your device to every lesson. (BYOD) Therefore I will not copy
anything from now on.
A Tablet would be perfect, so you can take notes directly on my worksheets.

- Still, I can banish your devices if I have the impression that you would benefit from that.

- Oral exams: Does anyone wants to take the oral exam in geography? (Topics from S6 AND S7)
 results this year

is is smart to choose geography for oral exams?

maybe not.
 What stays the same?
- bring your materials (device AND book, sharing is
I would like the powerpoint to be more
complete so that we can rely more on it
of course allowed)
to study for the test.
- be punctual

maybe the powerpoints to contain more - tell me if something is unclear or help is needed
information and the correction of the
work we do in class so that we can use - correct my spelling and grammar mistakes
it to study instead of only our notes
because it is not always very complete

no.
 assessments
S7 Topic 1 - Europe and the EU
Content Learning Outcomes Keywords Key Competence Number of
Students are able to: periods
What is the geographical concept of Europe?
Physical borders and evolving political, and cultural Describe the limits and borders of Europe. Europe, borders, 6 Social and civic +/- 8
aspects Discuss and evaluate the criteria used to define the continent 7 Entrepreneurship Lessons
borders of Europe. 8 Cultural
awareness
Is there a European identity?
 The meaning of being European Discuss the question of defining a European
 The changing importance and belief in a identity.
European identity
small topography test
What is the European Union?
 An overview of the geographic expansions Describe the key stages in the evolution of the EU. EU, Schengen
and implications for the EU Consider the geographic interrelationships created Agreement, The Four
 Key legislative changes and their and changed by the evolution of the EU. Freedoms,
Identify the role of the principal EU institutions. Maastricht Treaty,
implications
Lisbon Treaty,
 The role of the principal EU institutions Commission,
Parliament, Council of
the EU, European

Challenges for the European Union

second semester Council

 The possible changes to the EU with respect Evaluate future challenges of the evolution of the BREXIT, Copenhagen
to size, function, and influence EU. criteria, accession,
 One case study of a member state which Analyse the consequences of one accession to the widening,
EU (past or future). deepening, shrinking,
joined after 2004, or a candidate country
Euroscepticism,
 Criticism of the EU and the challenges of supranationalism
democracy within the EU

we start with parts of Topic 1

2022-01-D-45-en-2 11/27
S7 Topic 2 – Natural Environment of Europe
Content Learning Outcomes Keywords Key Number of
Students are able to: Competence periods
What are the physical advantages and disadvantages
of Europe? Climate zones 3 Mathematical +/- 10
 The variety of European relief and climates Describe and locate the climate and relief zones of (maritime, continental, 4 Digital Lessons
 Climate graphs that represent Europe’s main Europe. Mediterranean), 6 Social and
climates Analyse climate graphs from European climate zones. climate graph, civic
 Key factors influencing European climate Explain the factors that influence European climate latitude, altitude, 8 Cultural
zones zones. distance to sea, ocean awareness
 The advantages and disadvantages of climatic Evaluate how two European climate or relief zones currents, prevailing
and relief variations on human activities offer advantages or disadvantages for human wind, aspect, relief oral participation
activities.
A-test after that part
European perspectives on climate change
 Causes and consequences of climate change Explain the causes of climate change in the EU and Climate change,
 One EU policy to address climate change discuss its consequences. greenhouse effect,
(e.g., EU Emissions Trading System, 2030 Evaluate one recent climate change policy affecting carbon footprint,
Climate Target Pact) the EU. emissions, carbon
sinks,
European Green Deal
+ possible other
Challenges and opportunities related to climate
Discuss the challenges OR opportunities of climate. work
either either
One case study of a climate-related hazard in Evaluate the challenges arising from climate-related
Europe (e.g., avalanches, flooding, deforestation, hazards. Hazard, risk,
forest fires, desertification) vulnerability, disaster

or elevator pitch on solutions or

Evaluate opportunities arising from Europe’s climates.
One case study assessing the opportunities
related to climate (e.g., solar energy, wind energy, Renewable energy,
tourism) sustainability

2022-01-D-45-en-2 12/27
 first task!

Task: Please scan the QR-code and submit places that

you have visited during summer. You can search for the
place or type in the city/region.

(We will come back to these results during the year)

https://padlet.com/wilkeca/summer-holiday-locations-j7utktq0vnv0hbqx
 first task!
Task: Please scan the QR-code and submit places that
you have visited during summer. You can search for the
place or type in the city/region.

(We will come back to these results during the year)

https://padlet.com/wilkeca/your-summer-holiday-locations-kwesgq29rfnxu73c
The physical regions of
Europe
a natural environment increasingly modified by man
 Europe itself has
a lot of peninsulas
 Map showing the
location of the
Dardanelles (yellow),
relative to the
Bosporus (red), the
Sea of Marmara, the
Aegean Sea, and the
Black Sea
m
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an
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 1: Describe the physical
structure of the continent
Europe in a few keypoints
(for example coastal outline,
inner structure, rivers, seas,
mountain ranges)

2: Where would you mark the

borders of the continent?
Define these borders.

3: Compare Europes
Structure with another
continent of your choice.

https://www.landkartenkatalog.de/landkartenindex/weltatlas/2014/07/europe_nasa_satellite.jpg
Asia 44,579,000
Africa 30,065,000
North
24,256,000
America
South
17,819,000
America
Antarctic
13,209,000
a
Europe 9,938,000
Oceania
(incl.
7,687,000
Australia)

http://www.vidiani.com/maps/maps_of_north_america/large_detailed_satellite_map_of_north_america.jpg
 Where does Europe end?

https://earth.google.com/web/
 Europe facts
- The Name Europe derives from the antique (Phoenician) word for dark
—> ereb —> Land of the setting sun —> Occident

- Half of the nearly 10.000 km2 are located on Islands and Peninsulas.
Europe has a very jagged* coastal structure and thus long coast.
(double the coastline of all Russia)

- Europe consists of 60% Lowlands, 34% Central Uplands (200-1500m)

and 6% High Mountains (above 1500m)

- Mountain chains are uneven shaped

*having ragged notches, points, or teeth; having a harsh, rough, or uneven quality.
 What makes this a continent?
Famous german Geographer
Alexander von Humboldt Europe: An Asian Peninsula?
entitled Europe as a „frayed
peninsula of Asia“ Would you
approve this quote?

Task 1: Review Humboldts

Thesis via making a Pro- and
Contra List. Work with you
neighbor.
 How do we
divide Europe?

Why do we
divide the two
continents?

What do we use
the concept of
continents for?

until 6:39 min

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFWgAaOGYwI
 „Europe is a frayed peninsula of Asia“ - Alexander von Humboldt, german geographer

Pro Contra
 „Europe is a frayed peninsula of Asia“ - Alexander von Humboldt, german geographer

Pro Contra
no well defined boarder to Asia via ocean/ sea, only there is a physical division via the Ural
continental division by mountain chain mountains and the ural river
same continental plate independent, unique culture
there are other big peninsulas in Asia as well that are few cooperation with Asia: historical and
not a continent for themselves (e.g. Malaysia) economical autonomy/ independence
trade and culture links to Asia for millenia historically grown into that perspective
has the status of a peninsula -> frayed, surrounded different dominant religion with
mostly by water christianity
Examples of similar cultural entities covering space strongly structured and jagged relief,
in both areas e.g. sovjet union unique
looks fringed, is not a big contiguous landmass we grow up thinking these are separate
cultures, languages, etc. in reality more of a fluid relatively large population for small area
transition between both continents, no hard border
 Mountain ranges
Lowlands
Rivers and Lakes
Seas and
Straits
a
Islands and
e

Peninsulas

Land elevations

e
a

This border is
e still debatable.
c
 The impact of physical variations on
human activities in Europe
Task 1: Complete the advantages disadvantages
topography table on your
working sheet from last lesson. 1. mountainous regions

Task 2: Work together in teams 2. Islands and peninsulas

of 2-3 and identify advantages
and disadvantages of the
European physical structure. 3. rivers and lakes
Please include background
knowledge from the S6 (if 4. plains
existent) and add examples if
possible. 5. seas and coastal
regions
Create a table in which you
write your results. 6. active tectonic areas
(for the faster ones)
How does the physical variations
in Europe impact human
activities in Europe?
 advantages disadvantages
1. mountainous regions

2. Islands and peninsulas

3. rivers and lakes

4. plains

5. seas and coastal

regions

6. active tectonic areas

(for the faster ones)
 Digital version for classroom projection only - authorized use only with printed versions
Understand the Impacts of Physical Variations on
Objective 8
Human Activities (Advantages / Disadvantages)
Digital version for classroom projection only - authorized use only with printed versions
Understand the Impacts of Physical Variations on
Objective 8
Human Activities (Advantages / Disadvantages) Aspect of the
landscape and Advantages Disadvantages
example
HEP can often lead to flooding of valuable
HEP: (hydroelectric power) : Large areas of falling valleys and can be an eye-sore (ugly).
water can create renewable energy.
Aspect of the Tourism creates seasonal unemployment and
landscape and Advantages Disadvantages Hydroelectric power development at the end of the puts large stress on the environment.
19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, often invol-
example

possible answers
ving many different watersheds, led to the establish- Mass tourism like in Chamonix creates pollu-
HEP can often lead to flooding of valuable ment in the lower valleys of electricity-dependent tion and can lead to natural hazards such as
HEP: (hydroelectric power) : Large areas of falling valleys and can be an eye-sore (ugly). industries, manufacturing such products as aluminum, avalanches.
water can create renewable energy. chemicals, and specialty steels.
Tourism creates seasonal unemployment and Due to this enormous human impact on a
Hydroelectric power development at the end of the puts large stress on the environment. Tourism: Tourism began in the 19th century and fragile physical and ecological environment, the

from your book

19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, often invol- became a mass phenomenon after World War II. Alps are likely the most threatened mountain
ving many different watersheds, led to the establish- Mass tourism like in Chamonix creates pollu- system in the world.
tion and can lead to natural hazards such as The Alps are a summer and winter playground for mil-
ment in the lower valleys of electricity-dependent Agriculture is a difficult business and can lead
avalanches. lions of European urban dwellers and annually attract
industries, manufacturing such products as aluminum, Alpine regions to low wages and poverty amongst farmers.
tourists from around the world.
chemicals, and specialty steels. Due to this enormous human impact on a Locals may prefer to work in a more lucrative
fragile physical and ecological environment, the Winter and summer sports activities stimulate the industry such as tourism.
Tourism: Tourism began in the 19th century and economy.
became a mass phenomenon after World War II. Alps are likely the most threatened mountain Climate change can start to affect these tradi-
Digital version for classroom projection only - authorized use only with printed versions
system in the world. Agriculture: The Alps are famous for dairy products tional faring methods.
The Alps are a summer and winter playground for mil- such a milk and cheese.
lions of European urban dwellers and annually attract Agriculture is a difficult business and can lead Relief: Differences in relief within the Alps are
Alpine regions tourists from around the world. to low wages and poverty amongst farmers. Aspect of the Transhumance is a type of nomadism or pastoralism, considerable, from the highest point at Mont
Locals may prefer to work in a more lucrative landscape a seasonal movement of people with their livestock
Advantages Disadvantages
Blanc to the flat bottomed U shaped valleys.
Winter and summer sports activities stimulate the industry such as tourism. and example between fixed summer and winter pastures.
economy. Relief makes transportation and settlement
Climate change can start to affect these tradi- The majority of settlements are located in the U sha- Coastal defence becomes harder because of the
more complicated.
Agriculture: The Alps are famous for dairy products tional faring methods. ped valleys and the Alpine road and train network has vast coastline.
Coastal areas Better fishing for fishermen, locals and tourists.
developed using innovative tunnels to reduce journey A lot of pollution is created due to HGVs ( hea-
such a milk and cheese. There is anvehicles)
increased chance that pass
oil spills will
Relief: Differences in relief within the Alps are times and connect Europe. vy good and cars that through
Costa del Sol Better resources can be mined from under the water. occur.
Transhumance is a type of nomadism or pastoralism, considerable, from the highest point at Mont the Alpine region.
a seasonal movement of people with their livestock Blanc to the flat bottomed U shaped valleys. Adriatic coast Better
Therequality beaches
is a large for tourists
economic which
benefit fromwould
all thebring
sea Not every beach would be patrolled by life guards
Peninsulas (an in money
between fixed summer and winter pastures. tourism.for the country. Population - tourists are which would increase drowning rates each year.
Relief makes transportation and settlement area with sea on drawn to the coast.
The majority of settlements are located in the U sha- Higher risk of sea-related disasters.
more complicated. three sides) e.g. Easier access for importing and exporting. With high population, comes more pollution e.g.
ped valleys and the Alpine road and train network has Iberian Plastic waste.
A lot of pollution is created due to HGVs ( hea- Peninsulas also allow for large amounts of fishing.
developed using innovative tunnels to reduce journey Plains are large areas of flat land, they allow oppor-
vy good vehicles) and cars that pass through Plains
A lotare flat and a few
of volcanoes are metres
present,above
not allsea level.
of them
times and connect Europe. tunities for transportation networks to be established
the Alpine region. Volcanoes like Vesuvius in Italy bring valuable tourist This
e.g., railways and motorways.
aremeans
active,these
however
areasforare
some
moreof susceptible
them there are to
incomes. frequent
river eruptions
and coastal flooding.
There is a large economic benefit from all the sea Plains
Peninsulas (an These are areas that are well connected and easily
tourism. Tectonic areas Due to past eruptions and volcanic deposits, these Natural hazards can devastate cities and
Higher levels of insurance would have to be paid some-
area with sea on The Northern accessible. This leads to more investment and trade.
Higher risk of sea-related disasters. areas are fertile. for.times cause death and injuries.
three sides) e.g. Easier access for importing and exporting. European Plain The NEP is extremely fertile due glacial deposits from
Iberian Opportunities for mining valuable minerals. Mining couldand
Governments destroy the must
councils surrounding
invest inlands-
preven-
Peninsulas also allow for large amounts of fishing. The Hungarian millions of years ago. This allows intensive and effec-
cape.
tion and protection.
plain tive farming areas to be established.
A lot of volcanoes are present, not all of them A lot of flooding is happening when it is raining
Volcanoes like Vesuvius in Italy bring valuable tourist are active, however for some of them there are A good food supply
The River Rhine hasprovides
good aopportunities
healthy population and
for hydroe- Intensive farming can damage the surrounding
much because the river is next to cities.
Rivers workforce. This 80%
lectric power, also leads to opportunities
of its water to export
is transformed into environment and fertilisers can pollute the envi-
incomes. frequent eruptions
agricultural
electricity.products across Europe and the World. ronment.
This can be due to dams the level of water
Tectonic areas Due to past eruptions and volcanic deposits, these Natural hazards can devastate cities and some- increasing rapidly.
areas are fertile. times cause death and injuries. Video Links
Oil extraction and production inevitably leads to
Opportunities for mining valuable minerals. Mining could destroy the surrounding lands- The Alps The North Sea has a big market for oil production, in sea / ocean pollution.
cape.
Video documentarythe: UK
IMAXthere were more than 40 billion of barrels of oil
the Alps It is difficult to build offshore farms due to the
A lot of flooding is happening when it is raining Seas extracted in 2018.
The River Rhine has good opportunities for hydroe- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lP1kwhpehJw action of the strong waves and the depth of the
much because the river is next to cities. Offshore wind farms in Belgium and the Netherlands
Rivers lectric power, 80% of its water is transformed into water.
This can be due to dams the level of water Formation of the allow
Alpsopportunities for green energy.
electricity. They are an eye-sore.
increasing rapidly. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1013andv=d2WMdSokUhM
Oil extraction and production inevitably leads to Introduction to tectonics
The North Sea has a big market for oil production, in sea / ocean pollution. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgywrIQk8sM
https://www.britannica.com/place/Alps
the UK there were more than 40 billion of barrels of oil
extracted in 2018. It is difficult to build offshore farms due to the
Seas
action of the strong waves and the depth of the
Offshore wind farms in Belgium and the Netherlands https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loI584OFVpE 69
water.
allow opportunities for green energy.
They are an eye-sore. Freeze-thaw weathering
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFj-ns9RaSY
Formation of glaciers
https://www.britannica.com/place/Alps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wNOrFy17WE
How glaciers shape the land
69
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loI584OFVpE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEStq4VYJ2Y
Glacial features
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH-vnKR6A7A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AG3luuhc-5Y
Opportunities and challenges in the Alps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGDASBgrIRc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsSUPpwtqhQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtJrVTOo3jo
What is precipitation?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SesRrocIFtc
Factors affecting climate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxNtfNKvV0E

70
 Digital version for classroom projection only - authorized use only with printed versions
Recognise and Describe the Characteristics of the
Major Physical Regions of Europe
ural environment

ivided into different Division made through shape-aspect (physiographic)

ical regions. 1 Europe’s physical landscapes.
la
art of Europe combines ni
n su

ith low relief; about

Pe
ian

Western Uplands
nav
ndi

North European Lowland

m above sea level, and
Sca

Central Uplands
d is between 180 and
Alpine System Scottish
Higlands

divided into two major

eninsular Europe and Cambrian
Plateau
ntal Europe. h Euro
pean Lowlan
Nort
ded into several distinct Aio

Erzge
b
Plateau of Carpathian
egions--the north-western Brittany Crimean
s

Peninsula
wlands, the central
n
ia

Massif ps Dolomites Tra n s y l v a n

eaus, the south-central Can
tabr Alp
s
Al

i Central
Mts an
the southern fringe. Pyr
é née Ap
s pe Balkan
Iberian nn
regions of extreme Peninsula
i ne
s
Peninsula

rth-western Europe
ery old mountains and Sierra Nevada

contours have been This map has so many errors..

Map: S. Coté
onged erosion and
glaciation.
- This region comprises much of Scandinavia,
Iceland, Ireland, and Britain. More than half of
Europe consists of lowlands; these include the
East European Plain in the east (more than
Ural 3,200 km wide from north to south); the North
Mts
iel
d European Plain, which covers Poland, northern
Sh

Germany, southern Scandinavia, Belgium, The

tic
Bal

Netherlands, and northern and western France;

Russian Platform
the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains;
and southern Finland.
Aio - The central upland and plateau regions
Caucasus
Mts consist of eroded mountains and plateaus that
yste
m are of medium age and generally have rounded
eS
lpin landforms; these include the highlands of central
A
s
and southern Germany, the Massif Central of
France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the
 Group 1: Precambrian Shields Subdivision of Europe made through age-aspect
- Group 4: North European
Lowlands (NEP)
-

Group 2: Caledonian Mountains

Alpine
- (WHAT?) result of an orogeny
(mountain building event)
(WHEN) from 66.4 -1.6 million
years ago
Group 3: Variscan (Hercynan) - (WHERE) Alps itself: crescent
Mountains shape coastline of France ending
- in Albania
- Pyrenees, Caucasus, Appenines,
Sierra Nevada

P.57
 Group 1: Precambrian Shields Subdivision of Europe made through age-aspect Group 4: North European
- most rocks 540 million years old Lowlands (NEP)
- some of them 2-3 billion years old - sediment deposit: covered in soils
- continental nuclei (cores) and sands deposited there (e.g.
- mostly eastern part of the Loess)
Scandinavian peninsula - was under water for millions of
years (Variscan - Alpine) 100
million years old
Group 2: Caledonian Mountains - stretches out 3200 km parts of
- orogeny that occurred 390 million Spain, France, Germany to the
years ago Russian platform
- rest of these mountains are in
north america (Appalaches, Alpine
Newfoundland)
- West Scandinavia, Ireland,
Scottland

Group 3: Variscan (Hercynan)

Mountains
- orogeny that created mountains
from 370 -290 years ago
- result of seafloor spreading,
subduction of oceanic crust and
P.57
plate collision
- Ural, South England, West-Spain,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAKwRou6HUw&source_ve_path=Mjg2NjY&feature=emb_logo