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Estrous Cycle in Bitch

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15 views10 pages

Estrous Cycle in Bitch

Uploaded by

attiyarazzaq35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PATHOLOGY OF

THE ESTROUS Dr. Mubbashar Hassan

CYCLE IN BITCH
• Primary anestrus
Lack of estrous cycling by 24 month of age.
• Previous ovariohysterectomy
• Abnormalities of sexual differentiation
Female appearing dogs may have a 78,X0; 79,XXX;
79,XXY;78,XX/78,Xykaryotype.
A) Prolonged • Drug induced anestrus
inter-estrous • Hypothyroidism
interval • Progesterone-secreting ovarian
• Systemic disease
• Ovarian aplasia
• Immune-mediated oophoritis
• Hyperprolactinemia
• Defined as ovarian activity with no concomitant
• Vulvar Swelling
• Exudation of serosanguineous vulvar discharge, or
attraction of male dogs.
SILENT • It can be diagnosed by monthly assay of serum
progesterone concentrations greater than 2 ng/ml
HEAT • Weekly assessment of vaginal cytology, with
increasing percentages of cornified vaginal epithelial
cells
• Pubertal bitches are more likely than normal adults
to manifest a silent heat.
Split estrus
• Pubertal bitches are more likely to manifest a split or
false heat. The exact cause for split/false heat is
unknown.
• One possible explanation is that the increased levels
B) Shortened of estradiol-17ß from follicular development
inter estrous • Signs of a true proestrus-estrus, such as a
serosanguineous discharge passing from the vagina,
interval vulvar swelling, and the attraction of male dogs.
• In some cases, bitches exhibiting split heats will
even be receptive to mating. However, after a few
days, true estrus begins in several more days or
weeks. During a split heat, proestrous-estrous
behavior
Anovulatory cycle

Hypoluteoidism
B) Shortened
inter estrous
interval Short anestrus syndrome

Embryonal death/resorption
Ovarian cysts (follicular
cysts) (range 0.2–4.0 cm)

C) Prolonged Ovarian tumors


estrus (granulosa cell tumors)
• Pathologic liver function
(metabolism of estrogens is
reduced)
• Exogenous estrogens
Did You Know?
•Female dogs can go into heat as early as 6 months of age.
•Most dogs reach sexual maturity by one year of age,
although it can take up to 18 months.
•Dogs can be spayed and neutered before they reach sexual
maturity as early as 6 weeks of age.

Dogs and •Dogs can go into heat as often as 4 times a year.


•The average gestation period for dogs is about 65 days.
Reproduction •There is no benefit to letting a dog become pregnant once -
dogs don't feel any need to be "fulfilled" by having a litter.
Facts •Spaying and neutering offer many health and behavioral
benefits for a pet, including a significant reduction in
reproductive cancers.
•Male dogs should also be neutered (in addition to female
dogs being spayed) - it takes two to make a litter.
•It's estimated that a single unspayed female dog and her
puppies can produce up to 67000 more pups in just 6
years.
•Please don't litter ... spay or neuter your pets!
• Many different steroid hormones have been used with
success to control reproductive behavior and cycle in the
bitch and queen.
• No real discovery has occurred in this field of medical
contraception so far.

Control of the • Contraceptive steroids derivative of the female pathway,


as currently used in large dosages and long-acting
reproductive formula, are known or supposed to promote acromegaly,
insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, or the development
cycle of the cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra complex,
mammary development and tumors whereas androgens
Steroid control derivatives may induce external genitalia
masculinization.
• Obesity and increased body weight have also often been
described as possible side effects. Therefore, the use of
contraceptive steroids is of limited importance and
particular attention is given on the route of
administration, the dose, the duration of treatment and the
stage of the cycle at initiation of the treatment.
• Devices
Vaginal devices have been developed but with non constant
or with equivocal results in bitches. Inflammatory reactions
or device expulsion result in an unacceptable failure rate.
Intrauterine devices are so far not available due to the
difficulty in cannulating the canine cervix (reserved to
specialists).
Non-steroidal • Vaccines

control of Anti-fertility vaccines have been studied in dogs and in


other species but with poor or non consistent results.
The problems with GnRH, LH and FSH immunization
cycle seem to be related to a poor consistency in response.
ZP immunization appears to be irreversible but is still
under investigation and development.
The main concerns are related to the immunization process
(irritation, skin lesions), to the vaccine adjuvant and to the
duration of immunity as well as its efficacy.
To date, no contraceptive immunization protocol for dogs
has been submitted to large-scale clinical trials. However,
this is certainly one route for future development.
• GnRH antagonists, if available, would
certainly represent one of the main
interesting ways of controlling
Treatments reproduction in dogs.
with GnRH • By continuously blocking GnRH
receptors at the pituitary level, these
agonists or antagonists block the synthesis and
antagonists release of the major portion of LH and
FSH.
• Cyclic control is inhibited whereas
modification of the tonic constant release
is questionable.

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