ERECTION OF PREFAB UNITS (SECONDARY ROOFING WORKS,

PLUMBING AND MECHANICAL INSTALLATION AND ELECTRICAL

INSTALATION– SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES

erection of PREFAB units (SECONDARY roofing works, plumbing and mechanical installati

Safe Operating Procedure

Department: HSE

Business Unit: Kurmuk Gold Project

Name Title Signature Date

Author: Melkamu Dereje HSE Dec-2024

Reviewer: Elias Ketsela Construction Engineer Dec-2024

Approver: Nardos Brehanu Project Manager Dec-2024

Revision History

Revision No.: Effective Date Description of Changes

R00 Dec-2024 Document Issue

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Contents
1. Purpose..........................................................................................................................................4
2. Scope..............................................................................................................................................4
3. Definitions......................................................................................................................................4
4. Responsibilities...............................................................................................................................6
4.1 Project Manager.....................................................................................................................6
4.2 Hse Officer..............................................................................................................................6
4.3 Supervisor...............................................................................................................................7
4.4 Employees..............................................................................................................................7
5. Specific Procedure..........................................................................................................................8
5.1 Assembly of prefabrication units............................................................................................8
5.1.1 Tools and Equipment......................................................................................................8
5.1.2 PPE Required..................................................................................................................8
5.1.3 Work Procedure..............................................................................................................8
5.1.4 Hazards and Risks...........................................................................................................9
5.1.5 Controls and Mitigation..................................................................................................9
5.2 secondary roofing works......................................................................................................10
5.2.1 Work Procedure............................................................................................................10
5.2.2 PPE Required................................................................................................................11
5.2.3 Hazards and Risks.........................................................................................................12
5.2.4 Controls and Mitigation................................................................................................12
5.3 Electrical installations...........................................................................................................13
5.3.1 Tools and Equipment....................................................................................................13
5.3.2 PPE Required................................................................................................................13
5.3.3 Work Procedure............................................................................................................14
5.3.4 Hazards and Risks.........................................................................................................14
5.3.5 Controls and Mitigation................................................................................................15

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5.4 mechanical and plumbing works..........................................................................................16

5.4.1 Tools and Equipment....................................................................................................16
5.4.2 PPE Required................................................................................................................17
5.4.3 Work Procedure............................................................................................................17
5.4.4 Hazards and Risks.........................................................................................................18
5.4.5 Controls and Mitigation................................................................................................18

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1. Purpose
This procedure establishes the general principles for the protection of persons from injury that may
arise as they do routine works which include but not limited to installation Erection of Prefabricated
Units, Installation of secondary roofing, Plumbing works, Mechanical works, and Electrical works and
Plumbing works. To ensure the safe assembly of prefabrication units by following established
procedures and safety protocols.

2. Scope
This procedure shall apply to all employees and contractors working for BRUBA Building
Contactor and its Operations.

3. Definitions
Terms Definition
Activity A singular operation, which must be undertaken in a predetermined order of
priority. A series of such operations constitute the assembly of a larger unit or a
working component. The simplest task is an activity and shall be seen as an
operation with inherent hazards.
Client Project owner or representative – means any person for whom project work is
performed.
Competent person Has in respect of the work or task to be performed the required knowledge,
training, and experience and, where applicable, qualifications, specific to
that work or task: Provided that where appropriate qualifications and
training are registered in terms of the provisions of the National
Qualification Framework Act, 2008 (Act No.67 of 2008), those qualifications
and that training must be regarded as the required qualifications and
training
Contractor Means a Company or supplier who performs project work or services for the
client or principal contractor
Frequency Is the calculated number of times an event may occur
Hazard Is the potential to cause harm to a person (illness or injury), damage to
equipment or waste of materials, source of energy.
Hazard identification Means the identification and documenting of existing or expected hazards to
the health and safety of persons, which are normally associated with the type
of project work being executed or to be executed.
Hierarchy of control A series of controls which should be applied in the following order (a
number of these options may.
Be considered and applied individually, or in combination):
1. Eliminate – the complete elimination of the hazard.

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2. Substitute – replacing the material or process with a less hazardous one.

3. Redesign – redesigning the equipment or work processes.
4. Separate – isolating the hazard by guarding or enclosing it;
5. Administrative – providing controls such as training, procedures.
6. Personal protective equipment (PPE) – using properly fitted PPE where other
controls are not practicable.
Incident Any occurrence that has resulted in or has the potential to result in (i.e. a near
hit), adverse consequences to people, the environment, property, reputation
or a combination of these.
Significant deviations from standard operating procedures are also
classed as an ‘incident’.
Ongoing conditions that have the potential to result in adverse
consequences are incidents.
Person in charge of Means a competent person appointed under the applicable legislation
machinery
Planned job / task An independent observation made by the contractors’ management and
observation supervision during the planned period in which the task is being executed
based on various factors including:
Previous incidents; High risk activity.
New or changed tasks.
New or unexperienced employees.
Risk The probability of an unplanned event occurring within a certain time because
of the existence of a hazardous condition or situation.
Risk assessment Means a programme to determine any risk associated with any hazard at a
project site, to identify the steps needed to be taken to eliminate, remove,
reduce, or control such hazard.
Working at Height Working at height is a high-risk activity that refers to work undertaken in any
place where, if there were no safety precautions in place, a person could fall a
certain distance, resulting in personal injury (e.g., falling through a fragile roof).
Severity / consequence The anticipated extent or damage that may occur because of an unplanned
event.
PPR Polypropylene Pipe.

SDS Safety Data Sheet.

Subordinate Means any person under the direction, supervision, or control of another
person.
Visitor Any person visiting the project for a period of less than three (3) days a year
and who performs no physical work and are not exposed to project related
risks at any time.

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BRU BRUBA Construction.

RAMS Risk Assessment and Method Statement.

4. Responsibilities
4.1 PROJECT MANAGER
 Providing a workplace that supports safe behaviours.
 Contributing to a positive HSE culture by leading by example.
 Continuous coaching of sub-ordinates and employees in safe behaviours.
 Encouraging employee participation in demonstrating actively caring behaviours.
 Ensuring that sufficient time is made available for participation of employees in HSE
programs.
 Ensuring that hazards and risks are identified on all planned works.
 Focusing on the elimination of unsafe acts and rectifying unsafe conditions quickly.
 Coordinating and participating in daily HSE management walkabouts and meetings.
 Provide a safe method of work and safe equipment.
 Convey information about the hazards and how the risks should be controlled.
 Provide training and information so that employees can do the job safely.

4.2 HSE OFFICER

 Review the Statement of Work/Scope of Work and provide all specialist health and safety
advice on all aspects of project.
 Conduct personnel and visitor health and safety induction training and ensure
subcontractors. personnel, are aware of the requirements of the health and safety plan,
and the requirements.
 for safe working. Ensure all necessary contractor information (risk assessments, safety
method statements etc.) is provided before work starts.
 Formally advise the company of all new legislation and any changes to current legislation
and offer advice and assistance in the implementation of the same.
 Liaise with the client's representative on matters of health and safety.
 Recommend and monitor safety training requirements and to arrange, upon request,
such training.

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 Oversee the identification of hazards and risks during site visits. Advise and assist in the
preparation of risk assessments and the development of preventative and protective
measures to combat the risks.
 Monitor the development and implementation of health and safety plans.
 Suspend work operations of the company and/or that of subcontractors, where there is
imminent risk of injury to personnel; or risk of damage to property, which has the
potential to cause harm or incur an economic loss to the company or insurers.
 Ensure that adequate firefighting equipment is available and that appropriate fire
precautions have been taken.
 Ensure all welfare arrangements are provided and maintained in accordance with the
requirements of the health and safety standards.
 Take control, where necessary, of any internal investigation into an accident or incident,
prepare a report on the accident or incident and advice and assist the project manager
and site management in any remedial action required following recommendations to
prevent a recurrence.

4.3 SUPERVISOR
 Set good example.
 Identify risks and ensure employees are aware how to mitigate them.
 Planning workloads, allocating tasks and monitoring progress against targets
 Briefing their teams on new initiatives, changes to targets
 Report and assist in investigation of all accidents, incidents and near misses.
 Ensure personnel under their direct supervision are sufficiently trained to perform their task
safely.
 Communicate applicable safe practice rules and regulations to all workers and ensure each
employee understands them.
 Consistently enforce safety rules where required and maintain a zero tolerance for unsafe
acts and worker negligence.
 Perform routine safety checks and PPE checks in work areas.
 Conduct “toolbox” discussions for all employees.
 Immediately report all incidents that could have resulted in personal injury or property
damage.

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4.4 EMPLOYEES
 All employees are encouraged to take an active part in promoting the company safety
policy and safe systems of work.
 Employees are reminded that they have a duty to take reasonable care of their own
safety and the safety of others who may be affected by their actions or omissions.
 Employees must co-operate with the company in its arrangements to perform or comply
with statutory safety obligations, which includes adhering to safety method statements,
risk assessments, Safe Work Procedures and Standard Operating Procedures
 Assist in the investigation of all accidents, dangerous occurrences, near misses, etc. to
discover the cause and to eliminate recurrence.
 Assist the site management, in his duties, in the control of subcontractors, employees
and visitors to site, maintaining safe access to and around the site and maintain a system
of security on site.
 Ensure that all equipment defects on site are properly reported and rectified.
 Maintain a clean and safe workspace as the site will remain operational during
construction.

5. Specific Procedure
5.1 ASSEMBLY OF PREFABRICATION UNITS
5.1.1 Tools and Equipment
The task may involve the use of some of the following tools:
 General hand tools
 General Power tools.
 Diesel Generator

5.1.2 PPE Required

 Wear appropriate PPE, including but not limited to:
 Safety goggles or glasses to protect eyes from debris.
 Hard hats to protect against falling objects.
 Gloves to protect hands from sharp edges or abrasive materials.
 Steel-toed boots to protect feet from heavy objects.
5.1.3 Work Procedure
The work involves the following steps:
 All relevant areas to be inspected before the task begins.

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 Follow manufacturer's instructions and assembly drawings carefully.

 Assign specific tasks to trained personnel according to their skills and experience.
 Use lifting equipment such as cranes or forklifts to safely handle heavy components.
 Ensure proper ergonomics when lifting and carrying components to prevent strains and
injuries.
 Avoid overloading lifting equipment beyond its rated capacity.
 Use appropriate fasteners and tightening torque to secure components in place.
 Double-check alignment and fitment of components before final tightening.
 Double check on all attachments such as windows and ensure they are secure in their
positions before assembly.
 Conduct housekeeping of the work area on completion of the task.

5.1.4 Hazards and Risks

Foreseeable hazards associated with the tasks:
 Manual Handling Risks: Lifting heavy components can lead to musculoskeletal injuries.
 Fall Hazards: Working at heights during assembly can result in falls if proper safety measures
aren't in place.
 Electrical Hazards: Incorrect wiring or faulty electrical components pose risks of electric
shock or fire.
 Tool and Equipment Risks: Mishandling power tools or equipment can cause cuts, abrasions,
or more serious injuries.
 Chemical Exposure: Adhesives, sealants, or other chemicals used in assembly may emit
harmful fumes or cause skin irritation.
 Structural Integrity Issues: Improper assembly can compromise the structural integrity of the
unit, leading to collapse or instability.
 Noise Exposure: Operating machinery or tools can result in hearing damage if proper
protection isn't use.
 Fire Hazards: Welding, soldering, or other heat-based processes can create sparks or ignition
sources, leading to fires if nearby flammable materials are present.
 Poor Ventilation: Inadequate ventilation in the assembly area can result in the accumulation
of dust, fumes, or other airborne contaminants, leading to respiratory issues.

5.1.5 Controls and Mitigation

 Provide manual handling training to workers.

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 Use mechanical aids like cranes, hoists, or forklifts to lift heavy components.
 Ensure that workers use proper lifting techniques and have assistance when handling
heavy items.
 Provide proper fall protection equipment such as harnesses, guardrails, or safety
nets.
 Ensure that workers are trained in using fall protection equipment and follow proper
procedures for working at heights.
 Implement regular inspections of scaffolding, platforms, and other elevated work
areas.
 Ensure that workers are trained in electrical safety procedures.
 Inspect electrical equipment regularly for any damage or defects.
 Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as insulated gloves and boots.
 Implement lockout/tagout procedures when working on electrical systems.
 Substitute hazardous substances with less harmful alternatives where possible.
 Provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles,
and respirators.
 Implement proper ventilation systems to minimize exposure to airborne
contaminants.
 Ensure that workers are trained in handling and disposing of hazardous substances
safely.
 Provide adequate training for equipment operation and maintenance.
 Implement machine guarding to prevent access to moving parts.
 Conduct regular inspections and maintenance of machinery to ensure proper
functioning and safety.
 Ensure that only authorized and trained personnel operate machinery and
equipment.
 Implement fire prevention measures such as proper storage of flammable materials
and regular housekeeping to remove combustible debris.
 Provide fire extinguishers and ensure that workers are trained in their use.
 Have an emergency response plan in place, including evacuation procedures and
designated assembly points.
 Provide appropriate clothing and PPE for working in adverse weather conditions.
 Implement shade structures or shelters to protect workers from excessive heat or
cold.

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 Monitor weather forecasts and suspend work if conditions pose a risk to worker
safety.
5.2 SECONDARY ROOFING WORKS
5.2.1 Work Procedure
 Preparation and Planning: Gather all necessary tools, materials, and safety equipment before
starting the installation.
 Review the manufacturer's instructions for both the prefabricated unit and the secondary
roof system.
 Identify potential hazards and develop strategies to mitigate them.
 Ensure proper training and supervision for all personnel involved in the installation.
 Site Inspection and Preparation: Inspect the site to ensure it is suitable for installing the
secondary roof.
 Clear the area of any debris, obstructions, or hazards that could interfere with the
installation process.
 Check the weather forecast to ensure safe working conditions. Avoid installing the secondary
roof during adverse weather conditions such as high winds, heavy rain, or lightning.
 Safety Equipment: Ensure all personnel wear appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE) including safety helmets, gloves, safety glasses, and non-slip footwear.
 Use fall protection equipment such as harnesses, lanyards, and anchor points when working
at heights.
 Lifting and Handling: Use proper lifting techniques and mechanical lifting equipment (e.g.,
cranes, forklifts) to transport heavy materials to the installation site.
 Never exceed the lifting capacity of equipment or attempt to lift materials manually if they
are too heavy.
 Installation Process: Follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully for installing the
secondary roof system.
 Use appropriate fasteners, adhesives, or other attachment methods specified by the
manufacturer.
 Ensure all components are properly aligned and securely fastened to prevent any potential
hazards such as leaks or structural failures.
 Working at Heights: If working at heights, use guardrails, safety nets, or personal fall arrest
systems to prevent falls.
 Ensure proper ladder safety practices are followed, including securing the ladder and
maintaining three points of contact while climbing.

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 Electrical Safety: If the installation involves electrical work, follow all relevant safety
guidelines and regulations.
 Ensure power sources are switched off and locked out before working on electrical
components.
 Use insulated tools and equipment when working near electrical hazards.
 Cleanup and Maintenance: Clean up the work area regularly to remove debris and minimize
tripping hazards.

5.2.2 PPE Required

 Coveralls
 Hard hates
 Safety glasses (dark)
 Nonslip Safety shoes
 Suitable hand protection – general safety gloves
 Harness and lanyards.

5.2.3 Hazards and Risks

 Falls from Height: Workers assembling prefabricated units on the roof may fall if proper
precautions are not taken.
 Manual Handling and Ergonomic Risks: Lifting and manoeuvring prefabricated units can lead
to musculoskeletal injuries.
 Slips, Trips, and Falls: Wet or uneven surfaces on the roof can lead to slips, trips, and falls.
 Weather Conditions: Adverse weather conditions such as high winds, rain, or extreme
temperatures can pose risks to workers.
 Electrical Hazards: Electrical equipment or wiring on the roof can pose electrocution risks.
 Falling Objects: Hazard: Tools, materials, or debris falling from above can injure workers
below.
 Fire Hazards: Sparks from welding or cutting operations can ignite combustible materials.
 Chemical Hazards: Use of adhesives, sealants, or other chemicals may pose risks to health
and safety.
 Communication and Coordination: Inadequate communication and coordination among
workers can lead to accidents and errors.


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5.2.4 Controls and Mitigation

 Use guardrails or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS) to prevent falls.
 Provide adequate training for working at heights and ensure workers use appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE) such as harnesses.
 Provide manual handling training to workers on proper lifting techniques.
 Use mechanical lifting aids such as cranes or hoists to reduce manual handling.
 Keep work areas clean and free from debris.
 Use non-slip footwear and ensure proper lighting on the work site.
 Install temporary walkways or platforms to provide safe access across the roof.
 Monitor weather forecasts and suspend work during adverse conditions.
 Provide shelter or temporary coverings for workers to protect them from the elements.
 Ensure all electrical equipment is properly grounded and insulated.
 Use ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) for power tools and equipment.
 Conduct regular inspections of electrical systems to identify and address any hazards.
 Provide adequate ventilation to disperse fumes and vapors.
 Use appropriate PPE such as respirators, gloves, and eye protection when handling
chemicals.
 Store chemicals properly and follow safe handling procedures as per the manufacturer's
instructions.
 Implement exclusion zones or barricades around the work area to prevent unauthorized
access.
 Use tool lanyards or tethering systems to secure tools and equipment when working at
heights.
 Have fire extinguishers readily available and ensure workers are trained in their use.
 Prohibit smoking and open flames in the work area.
 Implement hot work permits and conduct a fire risk assessment before any welding or
cutting activity.
 Establish clear communication channels and protocols for sharing information and
coordinating tasks.
 Conduct regular safety meetings to discuss hazards, controls, and best practices.
 Encourage workers to speak up about safety concerns and report near misses or incidents
promptly.

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5.3 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

5.3.1 Tools and Equipment
The task may involve the use of some of the following tools:
 ladders
 Hand tools
 Power tools
5.3.2 PPE Required
The following PPE should be provided:
 Suitable Eye Protection
 Safety shoes
 coverall
 Suitable Hand Protection Equipment
 Hard hat

5.3.3 Work Procedure

 Identify potential electrical hazards within the prefabricated unit.
 Assess the risks associated with each hazard, considering factors such as electrical shock, fire,
and equipment damage.
 Ensure that all personnel involved in electrical work within the unit are trained and qualified
to perform such tasks.
 Provide training on the specific electrical systems and equipment installed in the unit.
 Ensure that personnel understand the procedures for safely operating and maintaining
electrical installations.
 Establish procedures for isolating electrical systems before performing maintenance or repair
work.
 Implement lockout/tagout procedures to prevent accidental energization of electrical
circuits.
 Ensure that all personnel are trained in lockout/tagout procedures and understand when and
how to use them.
 Before working on electrical installations, verify that all power sources are disconnected and
properly isolated.

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 Use appropriate testing equipment, such as voltage testers and multimeters, to confirm that
circuits are de-energized before beginning work.
 Keep the work area clean and free of clutter to minimize the risk of tripping hazards.
 Ensure that adequate lighting is available for working on electrical installations.
 Prohibit the use of damaged or defective tools and equipment.
 Establish procedures for safely energizing electrical systems after maintenance or repair
work is completed.
 Verify that all personnel are clear of the work area before energizing systems.
 Gradually restore power to the system to avoid sudden electrical surges.
 Ensure that all personnel are familiar with emergency procedures in the event of an electrical
accident or fire.
 Maintain readily accessible fire extinguishers and first aid supplies in the prefabricated unit

5.3.4 Hazards and Risks

 Electrical Shock: Contact with live electrical components can result in electric shock, which
can cause injury or death.

 Fire: Electrical malfunctions, short circuits, or overloaded circuits can lead to fires, causing
property damage and endangering personnel.
 Equipment Damage: Electrical equipment and appliances can be damaged due to improper
installation, overloading, or environmental factors, leading to downtime and repair costs.
 Arc Flash: Arc flash events can occur during electrical work, releasing intense heat, light, and
pressure, causing burns, injuries, and even fatalities.
 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Electromagnetic interference can disrupt the operation
of electronic equipment and communication systems, leading to malfunctions and data loss.

5.3.5 Controls and Mitigation

 Use of Residual Current Devices (RCDs): Install RCDs to quickly disconnect power in the event
of a fault, reducing the risk of electric shock.
 Proper Grounding and Bonding: Ensure all electrical equipment and metal structures are
properly grounded to prevent the buildup of electrical charges.
 Insulation and Enclosure: Use insulated tools and equipment and ensure that electrical
components are properly enclosed to prevent accidental contact.

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 Training: Provide comprehensive training to personnel on safe electrical work practices,

including how to avoid electric shock hazards.
 Lockout/Tagout: Implement lockout/tagout procedures to de-energize circuits before
performing maintenance or repair work.
 Proper Circuit Sizing: Ensure circuits are properly sized and protected with fuses or circuit
breakers to prevent overloading and overheating.
 Regular Inspection and Maintenance: Conduct regular inspections of electrical equipment
and wiring to identify and address potential fire hazards.
 Fire Detection and Suppression: Install smoke detectors and fire extinguishers in the
prefabricated unit to detect and suppress fires in their early stages.
 Heat Dissipation: Ensure that electrical equipment and wiring are installed in locations with
adequate ventilation to dissipate heat and prevent overheating.
 Compliance with Building Codes: Ensure that electrical installations comply with relevant
building codes and standards to minimize fire risks.
 Proper Installation: Ensure that electrical equipment is installed according to manufacturer's
specifications and applicable codes to prevent damage.
 Load Management: Avoid overloading electrical circuits by distributing loads evenly and
using properly sized equipment.
 Environmental Protection: Protect electrical equipment from environmental factors such as
moisture, dust, and extreme temperatures by using appropriate enclosures and covers.
 Scheduled Maintenance: Implement a preventive maintenance program to inspect and
maintain electrical equipment regularly, identifying and addressing potential issues before
they cause damage.
 Training: Provide training to personnel on proper handling and use of electrical equipment to
prevent damage due to misuse or mishandling.
 Arc Flash Risk Assessment: Conduct an arc flash risk assessment to identify potential hazards
and establish appropriate safety measures.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Provide personnel with arc-rated clothing, face shields,
and other appropriate PPE to protect against arc flash hazards.
 Safe Work Practices: Implement procedures for working on energized electrical systems,
such as using insulated tools, maintaining safe distances, and following proper
lockout/tagout procedures.
 Warning Labels: Label electrical equipment with arc flash warning labels to alert personnel to
potential hazards and required safety precautions.
 Training: Ensure that personnel are trained in arc flash awareness and understand how to
work safely around electrical systems to minimize the risk of arc flash incidents.

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 Shielding and Filtering: Use shielding and filtering techniques to mitigate electromagnetic
interference and protect sensitive electronic equipment.
 Proper Cable Routing: Route electrical cables and wiring away from sensitive electronic
equipment and communication lines to minimize the risk of interference.
 Grounding: Ensure that all electrical systems and equipment are properly grounded to
reduce the risk of electromagnetic interference.
 EMI Testing: Conduct electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing to identify potential
sources of interference and implement appropriate mitigation measures.
 Equipment Selection: Choose electrical equipment and components that are designed to
minimize electromagnetic emissions and susceptibility.

5.4 MECHANICAL AND PLUMBING WORKS

5.4.1 Tools and Equipment
 Wrenches
 Screwdrivers
 Pliers
 Pipe Cutters
 Pipe Threaders
 Torch
 Pipe Wrenches
 Pipe Benders
 Measuring Tools
 Levels
 Pipe and Tubing Cutters
 Plumbing Wrenches
 Plumbing Soldering Kit
 Pipe Sealants and Thread Tapes
 PPR welding machine

5.4.2 PPE Required

The following PPE should be provided:
 Suitable Eye Protection - Safety glasses / welding glasses

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 Safety shoes/Gumboots
 Coverall
 Suitable Hand Protection Equipment
 Respiratory mask/Half face mask
 Fire resistant glove.
 Fire resistance apron.

5.4.3 Work Procedure

 Before starting any work, conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential hazards
such as electrical risks, confined spaces, sharp edges, etc.
 Ensure all workers are familiar with the layout and potential risks of the prefabricated unit.
 All workers must wear appropriate PPE including safety helmets, safety glasses, gloves, and
steel-toed boots.
 Additional PPE such as ear protection and dust masks should be provided as necessary based
on the specific tasks involved.
 Inspect all tools and equipment before use to ensure they are in good working condition.
 Use tools only for their intended purposes and ensure proper training for their use.
 For all electrical works, contact competent electrical team for assistance.
 If work is conducted at heights, ensure proper fall protection measures are in place, such as
guardrails, safety harnesses are in place.
 Use appropriate lifting equipment and techniques to handle heavy materials.
 Secure materials properly to prevent them from falling or shifting during transport.
 Keep fire extinguishers readily available and ensure all workers are trained in their use.
 Avoid working near flammable materials and ensure proper storage of combustible
materials.
 Store and handle chemicals according to manufacturer instructions and safety data sheets
(SDS).
 Provide adequate ventilation when using chemicals and wear appropriate PPE.
 Establish clear emergency procedures for various scenarios including fires, medical
emergencies, and evacuation.
 Wear appropriate eye protection such as welding helmets with tinted lenses that provide UV
and IR protection.
 Use welding curtains or screens to shield bystanders from radiation exposure.

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 Use insulated welding equipment and tools.

 Ensure that the welding machine is properly grounded.
 Regularly inspect equipment for any damage or exposed wiring.
 Ensure all workers are familiar with emergency exits and assembly points.

5.4.4 Hazards and Risks

 Lack of awareness of potential hazards.
 Exposure to physical and chemical hazards.
 Improper tool use leading to injuries.
 Electrical shocks or fires
 Falls from heights.
 : Entrapment, asphyxiation, or exposure to toxic gases
 Strains, sprains, or crush injuries
 : Fire hazards from electrical work or combustible materials.
 Exposure to hazardous chemicals.
 Lack of preparedness for emergencies.
 High temperatures during welding can cause burns to the skin or ignite flammable materials
nearby.
 Welding PPR pipes can produce harmful fumes and gases, such as carbon monoxide and
volatile organic compounds.
 Some welding processes may emit ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) radiation, which can cause
eye and skin damage.

5.4.5 Controls and Mitigation

 Conduct a thorough risk assessment before commencing work. Identify and document
potential hazards and implement appropriate control measures.
 Require workers to wear appropriate PPE such as safety helmets, goggles, gloves, and steel-
toed boots to mitigate the risk of injury.
 Inspect tools before use, provide proper training on tool usage, and ensure workers use tools
only for their intended purposes.
 Hire qualified electricians for electrical works. Follow lockout/tagout procedures, ensure
proper grounding, and use insulated tools when working with electricity.

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 Install guardrails, provide safety harnesses and lanyards, and ensure workers are trained in
fall protection measures when working at elevated areas.
 Implement confined space entry procedures, conduct atmospheric testing, provide adequate
ventilation, and have a rescue plan in place.
 Use mechanical aids for lifting heavy objects, ensure proper training in lifting techniques, and
secure materials during transport to prevent shifting or falling.
 Install fire extinguishers, maintain clear pathways for evacuation, store flammable materials
properly, and provide fire safety training to workers.
 Use chemicals in well-ventilated areas, provide appropriate PPE, store chemicals in labelled
containers, and ensure workers are trained in handling and disposal procedures.
 Develop and communicate clear emergency procedures, including evacuation routes,
assembly points, and procedures for reporting incidents or injuries.
 Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as heat-resistant gloves, apron,
and face shield.
 Ensure adequate ventilation in the welding area to dissipate heat and fumes.
 Keep flammable materials away from the welding site.
 Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation systems.
 Wear respiratory protection such as a respirator with appropriate filters.
 Avoid welding in confined spaces without proper ventilation.
 Wear appropriate eye protection such as welding helmets with tinted lenses that provide UV
and IR protection.
 Use welding curtains or screens to shield bystanders from radiation exposure.

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