UNIVERSITY OF SABRATHA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Determining the Liquid Diffusion

coefficient

:‫اعداد الطلبة‬
‫عبدالصمد يوسف فريشك‬

‫حسام الدين عبد الباسط القانقا‬

‫عبد العزيز محمد كريمة‬

:‫تحت اشراف الدكتور الفاضل‬

‫إبراهيم هويدي‬
 Contents of report

i. Introduction and Theory

ii. Description Of experiment

iii. Procedure

iv. Calculations

v. Results

vi. Conclusions

vii. References
 Introduction:

Diffusion coefficient is defined as Diffusion can occur in liquids as well. This is due to the fact

that the particles in liquids can move around and finally get evenly mixed. This is

accomplished through diffusion.

Because process engineering frequently deals with the transformation and transport of bulk

materials, knowledge of their physical and chemical properties is essential. Diffusivity is one

such feature. When the diffusing component has a concentration gradient, mass transfer

occurs.

• Experiment Aim
- Determination of liquid diffusion coefficient of CaCl2 solution in distilled water.
- Understanding the calibration curve of CaCl2

• Experiment overview theoretical Explanation

When a concentration gradient exists within a fluid consisting of two or more components, there
is a tendency for each constituent to flow in such a direction as to reduce the concentration
gradient. This is known as mass transfer. It takes place in either a gas or a liquid phase or in
both phases simultaneously

ə𝐶
J = −𝐷
ə𝑋

Where
J = diffusion flux across unit area to the x-direction (right side), mol/cm2s.

D = diffusivity , cm2/s.
(əC/əX) = concentration gradient in the x-direction , cm
mol/cm3 .
.
Thus:

Where
V = volume of water in diffusion vessel,
L = length of capillaries, cm
d = capillaries diameter, cm
N = number of capillaries M = molar concentration of NaCl solution,
mol/L
CM = conductivity change per unit molar concentration change,
µS/mol/L -1
Dt / dk = rate of conductivity changes over time
Devices Used :

Liquid Diffusion Device

 Liquid diffusion coefficient apparatus

• procedures:

1. Understand the theory of liquid diffusion.

2. Understand the equipment used in the experiment (liquid diffusion coefficient apparatus).

3. The safety precautions before conducting the experiment.

4. Prepare the materials needed for the experiment.

• calculation:
Table 01

Time K.(Siemens)
( Sec.)
0 1.6 x 104
120 4.8 x 104
240 5.0 x 104
360 5.1 x 104
480 5.51 x 104
600 5.6 x 10-4
720 5.8 x 10-4
840 5.9 x 10-4
960 6.0 x 10-4
1080 7.9 x 10-4
1200 8.5 x 10-4
1320 9.0 x 10-4
1440 9.17 x 10-4
1560 9.48 x 10-4
1680 9.6 x 10-4
1800 9.9 x 10-4
1920 0.998 x 103
2040 1 x 10-3
2160 1.01 x 10-3
1280 1.02 x 10-3
2400 1.03 x 10-3
 Result Chart.

Data Recorded from Experiment Tuesday

𝛥𝑦
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝 =
𝛥𝑥

1 Mole
0.0012

0.001

0.0008 0.0004x + 07E-3y =

K(Sm
0.0006

0.0004

0.0002

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time (Sec.)

Slope = 3x10-7
Table 02

Time ( Sec.) K.(Siemens)

0 7 x 10-5
120 1.35 x 10-3
240 1.77 x 10-3
360 1.95 x 10-3
480 2.1 x 10-3
600 2.25 x 10-3
720 2.35 x 10-3
840 2.45 x 10-3
960 2.51x 10-3
1080 2.55 x 10-3
1200 2.6 x 10-3
1320 2.7 x 10-3
1440 2.75 x 10-3
1560 2.8 x 10-3
1680 2.85 x 10-3
1800 2.9 x 10-3
1920 2.91 x 10-3
2040 2.95 x 10-3
2160 3.0 x 10-3
2400 3.1x 10-3
 Data Recorded from Experiment on Thursday

1.5 Mole
0.0035 Slope = 5x10-7

0.003

0.0025
0.002x + 07E-5y =
K (Sm) 0.002

0.0015

0.001

0.0005

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time (Sec.)

Cm Value Sm/mole/L-1. Value.

Concentration (Mole) K (Sm) Conductivity

0.1 1.35 x 10-2
0.15 1.5 x 10-2
0.2 1.55 x 10-2
0.25 1.60 x 10-2
0.3 1.62 x 10-2

Cm
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012 y = 0.0135x + 0.0127
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35

Slope Value = 0.0135

 CALCULAIONS

4∗1∗0.5
D1.0mol= 2 𝑥3𝑥 (10)−7
3.14∗(0.1) ∗1∗0.0135∗121

D1mol=1.16977 x 10-5 cm2/s

4∗1∗0.5
D1.5mol= 𝑥 5𝑥(10)−7
π x0.12 x1.5x0.0135x121
D1.5mol=1.299 x 10-5 cm2/s

MOLE DIFFUSION REFERENCE D ERROR

CONCENTRATION COEFFICIENT VALUE PERCENTAGE
1M 1.17x 10-5 1.335 x 10-5 12.359 %
1.5M 1.30 x 10-5 1.613 x 10-5 19.40 %

• CONCLUSIONS
We can see a relationship between concentration and conductivity based on the data
acquired. As the saline solution's concentration rises, so does its conductivity. As a
result, conductivity and concentration have a direct relationship.
This can be explained by the fact that the more calcium chloride dissolved in distilled
water, the more ions it has to conduct more electric current than those with low
concentrations. When calculating the concentration between concentration and
conductivity, the ratio should also grow.
• Reference:
• the Experiment Hand Book of chemical engineering.
• Electrochimica Acta diffusion coefficient reference Ana C.F Riberio.