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Experiment No 6-1

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19 views4 pages

Experiment No 6-1

Uploaded by

abdullahabd7op
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No.

Deflection of Brass and Iron beams under different loadings


Objective:
To experimentally determine the deflection of a beam under various loading conditions and compare
the results with theoretical calculations.

Basic Concept:
Beam deflection is a crucial concept in structural engineering, and understanding how beams behave
under different loads is essential for designing safe and efficient structures.

Definition:
Beam deflection refers to the bending or curvature that occurs in a beam when subjected to an extern
al load. This deformation is caused by the internal stresses and strains within the beam material.

Factors:
 Magnitude and type of load: The intensity and distribution of the load applied to the beam significant
ly impact its deflection.
 Span length: Longer beams tend to deflect more than shorter ones under the same load.
 End conditions: The way the beam is supported at its ends (fixed, simply supported, cantilevered, et
c.) affects its deflection behaviour.
 Cross-sectional shape and material properties: The beam's geometry and the material it's made of infl
uence its stiffness and, consequently, its deflection.

Formula for Beam Deflection:


The most common formula used to calculate beam deflection is the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation:

Y = M/(E.I)

Where:
 E is the Young's modulus of the beam material (a m
easure of its stiffness)
 I is the moment of inertia of the beam's cross-sectio
nal area (a measure of its resistance to bending)
 y(x) is the deflection of the beam at a point x along i
ts length
 w(x) is the load distribution along the beam.

Methods for Calculating Beam Deflection:


There are several methods to determine the deflection of a beam, including:
 Double integration method: This involves integrating the bending moment equation twice to obtain t
he deflection equation.
 Macaulay's method: This method simplifies the integration process by considering the load distributi
on as a series of step functions.
 Moment area method: This method uses the concept of the moment area theorem to calculate deflecti
ons and slopes at specific points along the beam.
 Conjugate beam method: This method treats the real beam as a conjugate beam with modified loads
and support conditions, allowing for easier calculation of deflections.

Importance in Civil Engineering:


Understanding beam deflection is crucial for various engineering applications. Here are some examples:
 Bridge design: Engineers must ensure that bridges can withstand the weight of vehicles and othe
r loads without excessive deflection, which could compromise their structural integrity and safety.

 Building construction: Beam deflection considerations are essential in designing floors, roofs, a
nd other structural elements to prevent excessive sagging and potential damage.
 Machine design: In machinery, beams are used for various purposes, such as supporting loads or
transmitting forces. Proper design requires accurate calculations of beam deflection to avoid vibr
ations and failures.

Additional Considerations:
Serviceability limit states: In addition to structural safety, beam deflection must also be considered in te
rms of serviceability limit states, which ensure that the structure performs its intended function without e
xcessive deformation or vibration.
Dynamic loads: If the beam is subjected to dynamic loads (e.g., moving vehicles, wind loads), the defle
ction analysis becomes more complex and may require considering dynamic effects.
Material properties: The material's properties, such as Young's modulus and yield strength, play a signi
ficant role in determining the beam's deflection behaviour.

Material Required:
 Deflection Beam Apparatus
 Loads of different measures
 Deflection gauge
 Vernier Callipers
 Beams of Different Materials

Material Information:
Iron Beam:
Width: 16.1mm
Thickness:10.1mm

Bras Beam:
Width: 25.5mm
Thickness: 6.4mm

Procedure:
 Measure the beam dimensions:
 Use Vernier callipers to accurately measure the length (L), width (b), and thickness (h) of the beam.
 Place the beam on the support stands, ensuring it is securely fixed.
 Position the dial gauge to measure the deflection at the desired location (usually the midpoint).
 Zero the dial gauge.
 Apply the load:
 Gradually apply the load to the beam, either using weights or a load frame.
 Record the load value.
 Measure the deflection:
 Read and record the deflection indicated by the dial gauge.
 Increase the load:
 Incrementally increase the load and repeat steps 3 and 4 for multiple load values.
 Remove the load:
 Remove the load and ensure the beam returns to its original position.
 Repeat the experiment:
 Repeat the experiment for different loading conditions (e.g., different load magnitudes, different load
positions) to obtain a range of data.

Tables:
Brass:

Sr Loading (N) Distance for Load Measured Calculated Difference


# ing (mm) Deflection (mm) Deflection (mm)
1 15 50 0.01 0.008 0.002
2 20 25 0.19 0.17 0.02
3 25 75 0.39 0.43 0.04

Iron:
Sr Loading (N) Distance for Load Measured Deflect Calculated Difference
# ing (mm) ion (mm) Deflection (mm)
1 15 40 1.5 1.45 0.05
2 13 50 0.47 0.45 0.02
3 17 60 1.01 1.00 0.01

Comparison:
We concluded in this experiment that the Brass Beam will deflect more in different
condition as compared to the iron beam. Hence Iron beam provides more structural benefits
as compared to the Brass Beam.
Comments:
A deflection of beam experiment is a fundamental exercise in mechanics of materials, providing valu
able insights into the behaviour of beams under load. By carefully considering these factors and implementin
g best practices, you can conduct a successful deflection of beam experiment and gain valuable insights into
the mechanical behaviour of beams.

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