A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
“AUTOMATIC ALARMING SYSTEM FOR TRAIN”
SUBMITTED TO
GOVT. V.Y.T.PG. AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE DURG (C.G.)
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICS
SUBMITTED BY
GUIDED BY
Asha Sonwani
Dr. Santosh Mishra
Session 2023-2024
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
GOVT. V.Y.T.PG. AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE DURG (C.G.)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In Present day technology can become the “wings” that will allow the
educational world to fly further and faster than ever before- if we allow it.
Technology has the potential to revolutionize education because they are
like two coins of the same side, without which it is impossible to imagine
the comprehensive development of any country.
We are incredibly grateful to the principal of GOVT. V.Y.T.PG.
Autonomous college durg, Dr. M.A. Siddiqui sir who permitted us to
attend this internship program at Bhilai institute of technology.
Also, thankful PM-USHA for providing fund to us, so that we can able to
succeed to making the project.
Furthermore, we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Jageet kaur
Saluja Ma’am “Head of the Physics Department”, for providing us with
this amazing chance to participate in the internship program.
We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. R.N. Singh Sir, Dr. Anita Shukla
Ma’am, Dr. Siddheshwari Chandraker Ma’am, Dr. Abhishek Mishra Sir, Dr.
Kusumanjali Deshmukh Ma'am, Mr. Bhupendra Das Sir and Mr. Neeraj
Yadav Sir, for your invaluable guidance during our project.
24 students from M.Sc. Previous participated in a group of 4 students for
this internship program. We created a total of 6 project using our creativity
and gained a lot of knowledge.
It was a very good time for us to learn something new and innovative, which
will help us a lot in making more projects in the future, so that we can also
contribute toward achieving the goal of ViksitBhart@2047.
 TAbLE OF CONTENT

S.N. Topic Page No.

1. A brief overview of the internship program 1-5
2. Introduction 6
3. Our project (automatic alarming system for train) 7-9
4. Working 10
5. Demonstration of our project & Certification Day 11
6. Highlights of our internship program 12
7. Feedback 13
 A bRIEF OvERvIEW OF THE INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

The Bhilai Institute of

Technology (BIT) Durg is well-
known for its aesthetically
pleasing campus, excellent
instructors with a wealth of
experience, and committed staff.

We all had the wonderful opportunity to participate

in an internship program at IDEA LAB, which ran
from October 18, 2023, to November 15, 2023.

Throughout the course of this

internship program, we attended
numerous technical workshops
where we learned about Arduino
and LDR and observed a variety of
machines, including those that
printed cups, t-shirts, laser cut
objects, 3D prints, and many other
things.

1
 3D PRINTER
3D printing is a process in which a digital
model is turned into a tangible, solid,
three-dimensional object, usually by
laying down many successive, thin layers
of a material. 3D printing has become
popular so quickly because it makes
manufacturing accessible to more people
than ever before.
3D Printer

LASER CUTTING MACHINE

Laser cutting is mainly a thermal process in which a focused laser beam is
used to melt material in a localized area. A co-axial gas jet is used to eject
the molten material and create a kerf. A continuous cut is produced by
moving the laser beam or workpiece under CNC control.

Laser Cutting Machine

2
 ARDUINO
The Arduino Uno comes with
USB interface, 6 analog input
pins, 14 I/O digital ports that
are used to connect with
external electronic circuits.
Out of 14 I/O ports, 6 pins can
be used for PWM output. It
allows the designers to control
and sense the external
electronic devices in the real
world.
Arduino is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project,
and user community that designs and manufactures single-board
microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its
hardware products are licensed under a CC BY-SA license, while the
software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of
Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are
available commercially from the official website or through authorized
distributors.

Arduino Nano Arduino Uno

3
 SENSORS

A sensor is a device that detects the

change in the environment and
responds to some output on the
other system. A sensor converts a
physical phenomenon into a
measurable analog voltage
converted into a human -readable
display or transmitted for reading
or further processing.

One of the best-known sensors is the microphone, which converts sound

energy to an electrical signal that can be amplified, transmitted, recorded,
and reproduced. Sensors are used in our everyday lives.

Ultrasonic Sensor Touch Sensor Color Sensor

4
 PCb (PRINTED CIRCUIT bOARD)
PCBs are made by isolating the surface
copper foil conductive layer through the
board base insulation material, which
allows current to flow through various
components along a pre-designed route.

Ultimately achieving functions such as power

making, amplification, attenuation, modulation,
demodulation, and coding.
PCB (Printed Circuit Board)

bREAD bOARD
A breadboard (sometimes called a plug block) is used for building
temporary circuits. It is useful to designers because it allows components to
be removed and replaced easily. It is useful to the person who wants to build
a circuit to demonstrate its action, then to reuse the components in another
circuit.

Bread Board
5
 INTRODUCTION
Our Project is design strategy for an Arduino-based safety system to prevent
railway accidents. When a train is 500 meters away from an object (a person
or an animal), this railway accident prevention safety system commands the
person or animal if it is on the track.
In this system, a high-frequency sound wave is transmitted by an ultrasonic
sensor, which then waits for the sound to return before calculating the
distance based on the required amount of time. In order to alert people to
the impending arrival of a train, an ultrasonic sensor works by scanning for
and identifying the vehicle.
It then sends a signal to a buzzer to generate an alarm on the railway track.
Keywords – Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor, Buzzer, DC Servomotor, LED
Lights. To prevent accidents on the rails, at crossings, etc.
So, the project here is the detection of trains approaching the track. Arduino,
an ultrasonic sensor, and a buzzer are used in this.
The train that is approaching the track is detected by this ultrasonic sensor-
based technology. The proposed technology locates the train using
ultrasonic sensors. A sensor placed between 500 meters or at our discretion
can detect the arrival of the train.

6
 OUR PROJECT (AUTOMATIC ALARMING SYSTEM FOR TRAIN)
Under the direction of pro. Santosh Mishra, LAB Guru at Idea lab, BIT
Durg, we created a working project on “Automatic Alarming system for
train” or “safety system for living beings” during the internship program.

Avoiding Railroad Accidents, we are

presenting A project using an Arduino
ultrasonic sensor-based safety system
our aim is to avoid accidents on train
tracks. We are aware that the country's
most popular mode of transit is rail.
Accidents are happening more
frequently at the railway crossing.

Which can be used in a simple and easy

way to reduce the increase in train
accidents so that precious human lives and
other valuable can be saved.

The components we use in our project – Arduino uno, ultrasonic sensor,

led buzzer etc.

7
 ARDUINO UNO
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the microchip
Atmega328P. A Micro controller comprises of an incredible CPU.
Primarily combined with memory different I/O interfaces, for example,
parallel port clock, ADC and DAC coordinates and to a solitary silicon chip.

Arduino Uno

ULTRASONIC SENSOR
An ultrasonic Sensor transmits ultrasonic waves into the air and detects
reflected waves from an object. There are many applications for ultrasonic
sensor such as in instructions alarm systems, automatic door openers and
backup sensors for automobile etc.

Ultrasonic Sensor
8
 LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are very useful as indicators to show when
something is on, LEDs work at low voltage and take very little current
which makes them ideal for low power circuits.

LED

bUzzER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device. Generally, it is powered
through DC voltage and used in timers, alarm devices, printers, alarms,
computers, etc.

Buzzer

9
 WORKING
All the components of the system are connected with the control unit. The
power supply supplies the power to the control unit. The ultrasonic sensors
are used to detect the obstacles in the
train path. Ultrasonic sensors work
on a principle similar to sonar which
evaluates distance of a target by
interpreting the echoes from
ultrasonic sound waves.

By employing an Arduino-based safety

system to generate an alarm through a
buzzer, any obstruction (people) can be
alerted and made aware that a train is
approaching them at a distance,
preventing accidents on the railway track.

A train's location is found and tracked using

an ultrasonic sensor. Alarms are generated at
the track using buzzers. An ultrasonic sensor
was employed as a proximity switch to warn
individuals when a train was approaching
from a distance of approximately 500 meters
away. The ultrasonic sensor automatically
blinks a red light and makes a buzzing sound
when something blocks it.
10
 DEMONSTRATION OF OUR PROJECT
&
CERTIFICATION DAY

Last but not least, the big day arrived. We presented our project to all of the
IDEA LAB instructors, including Drs. Santosh Mishra, Anil Kumar, Pro.
Kauleshwar Prasad, Anupam Agrwal, Mrs. Suchitra Panday, and Puspendra
Singh.

They were really impressed

with our work. They gave us
motivation and support to
carry on with these initiatives
and model making.

11
HIGHLIGHTS OF OUR INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

12
 MY FEEDbACK

We had the chance to work with a variety of Machines in this program,

including a 3D printer and a laser cutting machine, among many others. We
visit Idea Lab and get familiar with the machine and how it operates.
During this internship course, I learned incredibly cheaply how to come up
with unique ideas for models. The internship programme taught me a lot,
but what I like most about it was how we worked together as a team and
exchanged ideas. I had a terrific experience all around. I gained a lot of
knowledge over this internship programme, including coding and soldering,
among many other things.

13