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Class 10. Biofuels

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25 views26 pages

Class 10. Biofuels

Uploaded by

sreenu_pes
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES

Jyoti Kumari
Department of Biotechnology
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES

Biofuels

Jyoti Kumari
Department of Biotechnology
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

• Biofuels are a renewable energy source, made from organic


matter or wastes, that can play a valuable role in reducing
carbon dioxide emissions
• Biofuels are one of the largest sources of renewable energy
in use today
• In the transport sector, they are blended with existing fuels
such as gasoline and diesel
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

Biofuels

Image source: solarsurge.in


ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

• Biofuels can be produced from plants (i.e. energy crops), or


from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial
wastes (if the waste has a biological origin)
• The two most common types of biofuels in use today are
bioethanol and biodiesel, both of which represent the first
generation of biofuel technology
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

• First-generation or conventional biofuels are made from


food crops grown on fertile land
• Second-generation biofuels are fuels manufactured from
various types of biomass. Biomass means any source of
organic carbon that is renewed rapidly as part of the carbon
cycle. Biomass is derived from plant materials, but can also
include animal materials.
• Third generation biofuels use algae as a source
• Fourth generation class of biofuels
include electrofuels and photobiological solar fuels
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

Biofuels

Image source: © 2019 letstalkscience


ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

• The following fuels can be produced using first, second,


third or fourth-generation biofuel production procedures:
• Biogas
• Syngas
• BioEthanol
• Biodiesel
• Green diesel
• Bioethers
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

Bioethanol:
• Most ethanol is made from plant starches and sugars, but
scientists are continuing to develop technologies that
would allow for the use of cellulose and hemicellulose
• The common method for converting biomass into ethanol is
called fermentation when microorganisms (e.g., bacteria
and yeast) metabolize plant sugars and produce ethanol
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

Biodiesel:
• Biodiesel is a liquid fuel produced from renewable sources,
such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats and is
a cleaner-burning replacement for petroleum-based diesel
fuel
• Biodiesel is nontoxic and biodegradable and is produced by
combining alcohol with vegetable oil, animal fat, or
recycled cooking grease
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

Advantages of biofuels
1. Efficient fuel
2. Non-dependency on fossil fuels
3. Durability of vehicles’ engine
4. Easy to source
5. Renewable
6. Reduces greenhouse gases
7. Lower levels of pollution
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

Disadvantages of biofuels
1. High Cost of Production
2. Use of Fertilizers for the huge amount of crops used to
produce biofuels
3. Water use
4. Land use
5. Dependent of weather
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

• India’s biofuel production accounts for only 1% of the


global production
• It is worth noticing that India is the second largest producer
of sugarcane in the world but accounts for only about 1% of
global ethanol production
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

• In India, jatropha seeds were used to produce biodiesel,


but the production has not been consistent
• Farmers were encouraged to plant jatropha, but the yield
was far below what was expected
• This led to the raw material cost becoming fairly expensive,
making biodiesel even more expensive than petroleum
based diesel
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels

• Bioenergy consists of biomass (biological mass) used in the production


of energy

• Phototrophs use light to survive and propagate ( plants)


CO2 + H2O >--solar energy and ..>>CH2O + O2, or carbohydrate and oxygen

• Chemotrophs (like us) eat phototrophs (vegetables and salads)


• While biomass combustion releases CO2 into the atmosphere, new
plants require CO2 to grow, balancing the process.
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels- Biogas
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & LIFE SCIENCES
Biofuels
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND LIFE SCIENCES
IoT

• Microalgae biorefinery is a platform for the conversion of


microalgal biomass into a variety of value-added products,
such as biofuels, bio-based chemicals, biomaterials, and
bioactive substances.
• Commercialization and industrialization of microalgae
biorefinery heavily rely on the capability and efficiency of
large-scale cultivation of microalgae.
• Thus, there is an urgent need for novel technologies that
can be used to monitor, automatically control, and
precisely predict microalgae production.

https://www.sciencedirect.com
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND LIFE SCIENCES
IoT

https://www.sciencedirect.com
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND LIFE SCIENCES
IoT

• IoT helps real-time monitoring of microalgae biorefinery


process parameters.
• IoT assists in sufficient data collection to make smart
prediction and decision.
• IoT promotes automation in microalgae biorefinery.
• IoT guides microalgal biorefinery towards low-cost and
high efficiency.

https://www.sciencedirect.com
THANK YOU

Jyoti Kumari
Department of Biotechnology
pes1pd22bt005@pesu.pes.edu
6203364966

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