1. Answer: c.

A nursing license
Rationale: A nursing license is the legal authorization required for a nurse to practice in
any state.

2. Answer: b. 2 exams after the last exam taken

Rationale: Retakers can usually sit for the removal exam after two exam cycles, as per
professional regulatory guidelines.

3. Answer: a. 10 days
Rationale: Requests for reconsideration of ratings must be filed within 10 days of the
release of exam results according to PRC rules.

4. Answer: b. 2 years
Rationale: Nursing licenses in the Philippines are renewed every two years as
stipulated by the PRC.

5. Answer: a. 45 credits for 3 years

Rationale: Registered professionals with a baccalaureate degree need 45 Continuing
Professional Education (CPE) credits over three years.

6. Answer: c. Battery
Rationale: Performing a procedure without informed consent constitutes battery, a form
of intentional tort.

7. Answer: c. Duty, breach of duty, damage and causation

Rationale: These are the four elements required to prove professional negligence in
court.

8. Answer: c. Slander
Rationale: Verbal defamatory statements, like calling a physician a liar, constitute
slander.

9. Answer: d. The Good Samaritan Law will protect the nurse if the care given at the scene
was not negligent
Rationale: Good Samaritan Laws provide immunity if care provided in emergencies is
reasonable and not negligent.

10. Answer: a. To guide nurses in making sound decisions

Rationale: The Code of Ethics serves as a guide for nurses in ethical decision-making.

11. Answer: d. Bioethics

Rationale: Bioethics governs ethical principles in health and biological sciences.

12. Answer: c. To help the public understand professional conduct expected of nurses
Rationale: The Code of Ethics clarifies professional conduct for public understanding.

13. Answer: d. Be accountable for his or her own actions

Rationale: Nurses must take responsibility for their actions, especially in ethical
dilemmas.
14. Answer: c. Right to obtain information about another patient
Rationale: Patients do not have the right to access another patient's information due to
confidentiality.

15. Answer: d. Autonomy

Rationale: Autonomy reflects a person's capacity to make their own decisions.

16. Answer: c. Health, being a fundamental right of every individual

Rationale: Recognizing health as a fundamental right is central to nursing
responsibility.

17. Answer: d. Nurse Reviewers and/or nurse review center managers who pay a
considerable amount of cash for reviewees who would memorize items from the
licensure exams and submit these to them after the examination
Rationale: Such behavior violates the ethical standards of the profession.

18. Answer: c. Safeguard the well-being of every patient

Rationale: Advocacy involves ensuring patients' well-being and rights are protected.

19. Answer: a. Explains to the patient that he needs the medications for his recovery and
clarify any misconceptions
Rationale: Patient education is essential in addressing refusals of treatment.

20. Answer: b. Patient’s rights

Rationale: Patient rights take precedence in conflicts regarding care management.

21. Answer: d. Intestate

Rationale: Intestate refers to dying without a will, leading to succession based on legal
statutes.

22. Answer: b. Professional accountability

Rationale: Accountability is the hallmark of a professional nurse, ensuring responsibility
and competence.

23. Answer: b. Patient’s rights

Rationale: In situations of conflict, patient rights should always be upheld to ensure
ethical and patient-centered care.

24. Answer: d. Intestate

Rationale: If someone dies without a will, their assets are distributed according to
intestate succession laws.

25. Answer: a. Competence and independent approach

Rationale: Competence and the ability to function independently are key attributes of a
professional nurse, reflecting expertise and confidence in practice.

26. Answer: d. Balikbayan nurses who want to practice nursing in order to earn credits for
continuing professional education
Rationale: Special and temporary permits are granted to internationally recognized
experts, medical mission nurses, and exchange professors, but not to balikbayan nurses
 for earning CPE credits.

27. Answer: d. Not a member of the accredited professional organization

Rationale: Membership in the accredited professional organization is not a ground for
suspension or revocation of a license.

28. Answer: c. Assist the people towards self-care

Rationale: Nursing focuses on empowering individuals to achieve self-care, promoting
wellness, and preventing illness.

29. Answer: d. 1, 2, 3
Rationale: Board members can be removed for unprofessional conduct, neglect of duty,
or tolerating examination irregularities.

30. Answer: b. 2, 3, 4
Rationale: Neglect of duty, toleration of irregularities, and gross incompetence are
grounds for removal of board members.

31. Answer: b. Medical degree graduate who pursued nursing course for one year
Rationale: A medical graduate who studied nursing for one year does not meet the
qualifications outlined in the Philippine Nursing Act.

32. Answer: b. 2 & 3

Rationale: The examinee must retake the subject failed (below 60%) and enroll in a
refresher course for the failed subject.

33. Answer: c. Conduct hearing and investigations to resolve complaints against nurses
Rationale: The Board exercises quasi-judicial powers when resolving complaints
through hearings and investigations.

34. Answer: c. Prescribe, adopt, and promulgate guidelines, regulations, measures, and
decisions as may be necessary for the improvement of the nursing practice
Rationale: Quasi-legislative functions include making rules and regulations to guide the
profession.

35. Answer: a. 1, 2, 3
Rationale: Board members should represent education, practice, and community health
nursing.

36. Answer: c. Be a registered nurse and holder of a Master’s degree in Hospital

Administration
Rationale: The Chairperson of the Board must hold a Master's degree in nursing or a
related field, not hospital administration.

37. Answer: d. Master's Degree in Nursing and General Staff Course

Rationale: To qualify as a chief nurse in a military hospital, one must hold both
qualifications.

38. Answer: c. Concerted efforts of individuals and groups to meet the goal
Rationale: Collaboration involves the collective efforts of the health team to achieve a
 common goal.

39. Answer: d. 1, 2, 3, 4
Rationale: Agencies such as the Board of Nursing, accredited organizations, the DOH,
and specialty organizations are involved in developing specialty programs.

40. Answer: b. Malpractice

Rationale: Administering the wrong medication (Vitamin K instead of Oxytocin) is a
case of malpractice due to failure to meet professional standards.

41. Answer: b. Complaint

Rationale: A formal charge against a nurse is called a complaint.

42. Answer: a. Defendant

Rationale: Nurse Marie, who is charged, is the defendant in the case.

43. Answer: c. Plaintiff

Rationale: The patient who files a case is the plaintiff.

44. Answer: c. Inhibition of Practice of Nursery

Rationale: Irish violated the provision prohibiting unlicensed practice in a specialized
field.

45. Answer: b. Negligence

Rationale: Practicing without a license and causing harm constitutes negligence.

46. Answer: Infanticide

Rationale: Killing a baby after birth due to dislike is considered infanticide, which is
punishable by law based on moral turpitude.

47. Answer: d. Infanticide

Rationale: The act of killing a baby by the mother due to rejection or other reasons
shortly after birth is classified as infanticide under the law.

48. Answer: c. Inhibition of Practice of Nursery

Rationale: Irish’s action violates the part of the Philippine Nursing Act that prohibits the
unauthorized practice of specialized fields such as nursery nursing.

49. Answer: b. Negligence

Rationale: Practicing without a valid license and causing harm due to lack of
qualification is considered negligence.

50. Answer: d. Infanticide

Rationale: The mother’s act of killing her baby shortly after birth constitutes infanticide,
as defined under moral turpitude and the Philippine legal framework.

Correct Answers and Rationales

51. Answer: a. Malpractice
Rationale: Failing to report incomplete placenta parts constitutes a breach of
professional duty, leading to the patient’s death, qualifying as malpractice.

52. Answer: b. Respondeat Superior

Rationale: The hospital is held accountable for the actions of its employees, including
hiring incompetent staff, under the doctrine of "Respondeat Superior."

53. Answer: d. Nurses are entitled to an informed consent

Rationale: Informed consent is primarily the patient’s right, not the nurse’s
responsibility, which makes this the exception.

54. Answer: b. PD 651

Rationale: Presidential Decree 651, also known as the Birth Registration Code,
mandates the registration of births within a prescribed period.

55. Answer: d. Frustrated

Rationale: A frustrated felony occurs when all acts of execution are performed, but the
intended result does not happen due to external causes.

56. Answer: a. Battery

Rationale: Forcibly injecting a patient despite refusal is intentional physical contact
without consent, qualifying as battery.

57. Answer: a. RA 7160

Rationale: The Local Government Code of the Philippines is outlined in Republic Act
7160.

58. Answer: b. Lack of ability and legal qualifications to perform the required duty
Rationale: Incompetence is defined as the lack of ability and qualifications necessary
for a job.

59. Answer: b. Authoritarian

Rationale: An authoritarian leadership style is effective in crisis situations where quick
and decisive action is necessary.

60. Answer: a. Identify the reason for the resistance

Rationale: Understanding the cause of resistance is critical to addressing and resolving
it effectively.

61. Answer: b. Creating change

Rationale: Leadership focuses on inspiring and guiding people through change, unlike
management, which emphasizes control and planning.

62. Answer: d. Responsibility

Rationale: Managers are primarily responsible for organizing, planning, and controlling
activities to achieve goals.

63. Answer: b. Collecting equipment for a procedure before entering the room
Rationale: This action reflects proactive planning, preventing delays and ensuring
 efficiency.

64. Answer: c. Improve productivity

Rationale: Delegation helps distribute tasks effectively, improving productivity within the
team.

65. Answer: c. Identify the unacceptable behavior

Rationale: Clearly identifying and addressing the behavior is the first step in providing
constructive feedback.

66. Answer: c. Facilitate cooperative effort toward goal achievement

Rationale: Consensus promotes unity and ensures all team members work towards a
shared goal.

67. Answer: d. Controlling

Rationale: Evaluation of performance falls under the controlling function of
management.

68. Answer: d. Cyclical process

Rationale: Systems theory views processes as interrelated and cyclical rather than
linear.

69. Answer: a. Planning

Rationale: Effective planning sets the foundation for all other management functions.

70. Answer: b. Vital signs every 4 hours

Rationale: Monitoring vital signs is within the scope of practice for nursing assistants.

71. Answer: a. Strong interpersonal communication skills

Rationale: Effective communication is fundamental for a new manager to establish trust
and lead a team.

72. Answer: d. Expert

Rationale: The mentor’s influence comes from their expertise and knowledge in the
field.

73. Answer: a. Ensure that the planned change is within the current beliefs and values of
the group
Rationale: Aligning change with the group’s values minimizes resistance and facilitates
acceptance.

74. Answer: d. Follow the policies of the agency

Rationale: Positive role modeling involves adhering to and exemplifying the
organization’s standards.

75. Answer: d. Consultative

Rationale: A democratic leader involves team members in decision-making, making it
consultative.

76. Answer: b. Critical pathways

Rationale: Case management involves the use of critical pathways to coordinate care
 and ensure efficient resource utilization.

77. Answer: a. Weigh the risks and benefits

Rationale: Change theory emphasizes evaluating the pros and cons before
implementing changes.

78. Answer: b. Talk with the patient care aide to explore the reasons for the behavior and
review expectations
Rationale: Addressing the behavior directly allows for understanding and corrective
action.

79. Answer: c. Organize care around legally required activities

Rationale: Ensuring compliance with legal obligations helps prioritize tasks effectively.

80. Answer: b. Directing

Rationale: Communicating expectations and delegating tasks are part of the directing
function of management.

81. Answer: c. Assume accountability for the tasks that are assigned by the instructor
Rationale: Student nurses must take responsibility for their assigned duties under
supervision.

82. Answer: d. Communicating

Rationale: Managers spend most of their time communicating with staff, patients, and
other stakeholders.

83. Answer: b. Change generates anxiety by moving away from the comfortable
Rationale: Change theory acknowledges the challenges and resistance arising from
leaving comfort zones.

84. Answer: b. Obtaining the patient’s temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate
Rationale: Taking vital signs is a task that can be delegated to a nursing assistant.

85. Answer: a. Accomplishing an objective

Rationale: Management focuses on achieving organizational objectives through
planning and coordination.

86. Answer: c. Unit’s Nurse Manager

Rationale: The nurse manager is a direct and knowledgeable resource for solving
complex problems.

87. Answer: c. Explore why the patient care aide refused to perform the procedure
Rationale: Understanding the aide’s reasons is essential before taking further action.

88. Answer: a. Review the job description

Rationale: Reviewing the job description ensures the applicant understands the
expectations of the position.

Here are the answers with the rationale for each:

89. If you are to choose which one of your nurse managers described above reflects a
democratic type of leadership, who is she?
Answer: a. Sir Nico
Rationale: Sir Nico collects suggestions from staff members before making decisions, which
aligns with democratic leadership. This style encourages participation and values input from
team members, contrasting with the more authoritative approach.

90. What leadership style did Sir Raymond utilize to maintain a strong control in the
department?
Answer: a. Autocratic
Rationale: Sir Raymond is described as strict and authoritative, requiring fixed schedules
unless changes are requested in advance. This indicates an autocratic leadership style, where
the leader makes decisions unilaterally and expects obedience without input from others.

91. What is the most effective leadership style during emergency situations?
Answer: a. Autocratic
Rationale: In emergencies, quick decision-making is critical, and an autocratic leadership style
is best suited for this. It allows the leader to give clear, direct instructions without waiting for
group consensus, which is necessary in high-pressure situations.

92. What are the qualities that define a leader who uses laissez-faire?
Answer: c. She tends to be passive and puts the responsibility of decision making to
others.
Rationale: Laissez-faire leadership is characterized by a hands-off approach where leaders
provide little direction, allowing team members to make decisions. This style tends to be passive
and gives the responsibility of decision-making to others, which is not as structured as other
leadership styles.

93. This is a common trait of a leader which is defined as his ability to possess honesty,
responsibility, and maturity in the working area.
Answer: a. Integrity
Rationale: Integrity is a key leadership trait that encompasses honesty, responsibility, and
maturity. Leaders with integrity are trusted, fair, and act ethically, which is crucial for maintaining
respect and trust within the team.

94. Your roles in the planning process in the hospital include the following, except one:
Answer: d. C and B
Rationale: The head nurse is typically responsible for acting as a link between higher-level
managers and non-managers (A), and representing the organization (C). However, the direct
responsibility for the actual production of nursing services (B) is usually the responsibility of
nurses on the floor, not the head nurse in the planning process.

95. What is true about the patient classification system (PCS)?

Answer: d. All of the above
Rationale: PCS groups patients based on factors like the complexity of nursing care required
(C), length or duration of care (A), and progress (B). These components are all part of the
patient classification system, which helps in determining staffing and care needs.

96. What should you include in your discussion on Contingency Theory?

Answer: a. It is a theory in leadership that views the pattern of leader behavior as
dependent on the interaction of the personality and the needs of the situation.
Rationale: Contingency Theory suggests that the best leadership style depends on the context
and specific circumstances. Leaders must adjust their behavior based on the situation and the
needs of their team or organization.

97. What statement gives a false description of a vision?

Answer: d. It uses action words in present tense
Rationale: A vision describes where the organization wants to be in the future, typically framed
in a broad and aspirational way, often using future tense. Using action words in the present
tense would be more characteristic of a mission statement, not a vision.

98. What is the centralized staffing system?

Answer: a. The head nurse or the supervisor does the scheduling of personnel.
Rationale: In a centralized staffing system, the head nurse or supervisor is responsible for
creating and managing staff schedules. This ensures that staffing decisions align with the needs
of the department, rather than being made individually by staff members.

99. What is the functional method of patient care modality?

Answer: a. One nurse is responsible for giving bedside care, another one for
administering medications, and another one for treatments and so on.
Rationale: The functional method divides nursing duties into specialized roles, where different
nurses are assigned specific tasks (e.g., medication administration, bedside care) rather than
providing total care for a single patient.

100. It corresponds to moderate care or category 2 in the patient classification system, if:
Answer: b. The patient is already recovering from a serious illness and requires some
assistance.
Rationale: Moderate care or category 2 refers to patients who are no longer acutely ill but still
require nursing interventions and assistance for recovery. These patients are less critical but
need continued care.

101. It is a managerial function that indicates leading the staff in the most effective
method.
Answer: c. Directing
Rationale: Directing is the function in management where the leader provides guidance,
motivation, and oversight to ensure that the staff performs tasks effectively and efficiently. It
involves communication, coordination, and decision-making to lead the team.

102. Which describes an informal leader?

Answer: b. Maria who becomes the leader of the team because of her years of
experience in the department
Rationale: Informal leaders emerge based on personal qualities such as experience,
knowledge, or interpersonal relationships. They don't have formal authority but are respected by
their peers and often guide others informally.

103. Which leadership style best empowers the staff towards excellence?
Answer: c. Democratic
Rationale: Democratic leadership empowers staff by involving them in decision-making and
valuing their input. This fosters a sense of ownership and accountability, which can enhance
performance and motivate staff towards excellence.
104. JM enjoys his staff of talented and motivated individuals. The leadership style suited
for this kind of people is:
Answer: d. Laissez Faire
Rationale: Laissez-faire leadership works well with highly skilled and motivated individuals who
require little direction. The leader allows the team to operate independently and take initiative,
which suits such a group.

105. The best leadership style suited in cases of emergency like this is:
Answer: a. Autocratic
Rationale: During emergencies, there is little time for discussion or consensus-building.
Autocratic leadership allows for quick, decisive action, which is critical to manage an emergency
situation effectively.

106. The Primary Nursing Model Approach is:

Answer: c. A simple RN is responsible for planning and providing individualized nursing
care.
Rationale: In the Primary Nursing Model, one nurse is responsible for managing and providing
all aspects of care for a patient, ensuring continuity and individualized care from admission to
discharge.

107. Structure, Process, and Output are components of which step of the management
process?
Answer: d. Controlling
Rationale: The components of Structure, Process, and Output are part of the controlling phase
of management, where performance is measured against objectives, and corrective actions are
taken to ensure the organization’s goals are achieved.

108. The company is missing:

Answer: b. Vision
Rationale: The absence of a clear vision means the company lacks a mental image of its
future direction, which is essential for long-term planning and motivating employees toward
common goals.