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OSY Report

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10 views6 pages

OSY Report

Project

Uploaded by

samikshapatil928460
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Report On Types of Scheduler

1.Rationale:-
An operating system (OS) is essential for managing computer hardware and software
resources, providing a platform for running applications, and enabling user interaction. An
operating system acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and user-level
applications, managing resources, providing a platform for software execution, and
ensuring a secure and efficient computing environment.

2. Course Outcome (CO): –


1. Execute process commands for performing process management operation.

3. Literature Review:-
An operating system (OS) is essential for managing computer hardware and software
resources, providing a platform for running applications, and enabling user interaction. An
operating system acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and user-level
applications, managing resources, providing a platform for software execution, and
ensuring a secure and efficient computing environment.

4. Actual Methodology Followed:-

1. First we made group of 3 members and discussed about the topic assigned to us.
2. We collected information.
3. Took guidance from our guide.
4. Then we will start to create the project for topic.
5. At first, we will arrange this information as per instructions.
6. Then we will prepare a report on the topic.
7. We will present it to our guide and ask her for the queries.
8. We will make changes as per the guidance.
9. Will make our final project.
10. Submit it to our guide.
5. Resources Required:-

Sr. Name of
Specification Quantity Remark
no Resources
Processor:- Intel core i5,
RAM:- 8 GB It is used to perform some
Computer
1) Operating System:- Windows project related task.
System 1
11.

Operating It is used to gather


2) Ubuntu 1
System information together.

6. Output:
Process Scheduling:-
Process scheduling is the activity of the process manager that handles the removal of
the running process from the CPU and the selection of another process based on a particular
strategy. Process scheduling is an essential part of a Multiprogramming operating system.
Such operating systems allow more than one process to be loaded into the executable
memory at a time and the loaded process shares the CPU using time multiplexing.

Categories of Scheduling:-

 Non-Preemptive: In this case, a process’s resource cannot be taken before the


process has finished running. When a running process finishes and transitions to a
waiting state, resources are switched.

 Preemptive: In this case, the OS assigns resources to a process for a predetermined


period. The process switches from running state to ready state or from waiting state to
ready state during resource allocation. This switching happens because the CPU may
give other processes priority and substitute the currently active process for the higher
priority process.
Types of Process Schedulers:-

Process schedulers can be broadly classified into three types.

1. Long-Term Scheduler or Job Scheduler:


The Long-Term scheduler, also known as the job scheduler, selects processes from the pool
(or the secondary memory) and loads them into the primary memory’s ready queue.

The degree of Multiprogramming is primarily managed by the Long-Term Scheduler. Its


primary goal is to select the best mix of IO and CPU-bound processes.

If the job scheduler selects more IO bound processes, the jobs might get stuck, leaving the
CPU idle for most of the time. As a result, multiprogramming will be reduced. Therefore, the
Long-Term scheduler’s role is crucial as it can have a long-term effect on the system.

Advantages of Long-term Scheduler:


1. Better system performance: Long-term scheduling allows the operating system to
select the best process to be executed, which can improve overall system
performance.
2. Better resource utilization: By selecting the most efficient processes, long-term
scheduling can help maximize the use of system resources.
3. Improved response time: Long-term scheduling can help reduce the response time of
the system by selecting the best process to be executed.
Disadvantages of Long-term Scheduler:
1. Delayed execution: Long-term scheduling can delay the execution of a process, as it
must wait until a suitable process is available.
2. Increased overhead: The long-term scheduler can increase the overhead of the system,
as it requires additional processing power and resources to select the best process.
2. Short-Term Scheduler or CPU Scheduler:-
The Short-Term scheduler, also known as the CPU scheduler, picks a job from the ready
queue and dispatches it to the CPU for processing. A scheduling method is used to decide
which job will be dispatched for execution. The Short-Term scheduler’s role is crucial as if it
selects a job with a long CPU burst time, all the subsequent jobs will have to wait in the
ready queue for a long time. This situation, known as starvation, can occur if the Short-Term
scheduler makes an incorrect job selection.

This scheduler select processes that are ready for execution form ready queue and allocates
the CPU to that selected process. When short term scheduler select a process the state of
process changes form ready to running state.

Short-Term Scheduler (STS) Advantages:


1. Efficient CPU utilization: STS optimizes CPU usage by selecting the next process to
run based on priority and availability.
2. Fast process switching: STS enables rapid context switching, minimizing overhead
and reducing response time.
3. Improved system responsiveness: By prioritizing processes, STS ensures interactive
processes respond quickly.
4. Balanced resource allocation: STS allocates CPU time fairly among processes,
preventing monopolization.

Short-Term Scheduler (STS) Disadvantages:


1. High overhead: Frequent process switching can lead to increased overhead, reducing
overall system performance.
2. Starvation: Low-priority processes may be perpetually delayed, leading to starvation.
3. Priority inversion: Higher-priority processes may be delayed due to lower-priority
processes holding resources.
4. Limited scalability: STS can become inefficient with a large number of processes,
leading to increased overhead.
5. Complexity: Implementing and managing STS can be complex, especially with
varying priority levels and scheduling algorithms.
3.Medium Term Scheduler:-
The Medium Term scheduler handles the processes that have been switched out. If a running
state process needs some IO time to complete, the state must be changed from running to
waiting.

The Medium Term scheduler accomplishes this. It suspends the process execution to make
room for other processes. An example of this is the process of swapping out. Here, the
Medium Term scheduler is responsible for suspending and resuming processes.

The degree of multiprogramming is reduced. Swapping is necessary to maintain a good mix


of operations in the ready queue.

Medium-Term Scheduler (MTS) Advantages:


1. Memory management: MTS optimizes memory usage by swapping processes in and out of
memory, reducing thrashing.
2. Process suspension: MTS can suspend processes, freeing resources for other processes.
3. Improved system stability: By controlling the degree of multiprogramming, MTS prevents
overloading and crashes.
4. Enhanced resource allocation: MTS allocates resources more efficiently, reducing waste
and improving utilization.
5. Better process control: MTS provides more control over process execution, enabling better
system management.

Medium-Term Scheduler (MTS) Disadvantages:


1. Increased overhead: MTS introduces additional overhead due to process swapping and
suspension.
2. Context switching: Frequent swapping can lead to increased context switching overhead.
3. Process fragmentation: MTS can lead to memory fragmentation, reducing memory
efficiency.
4. Complexity: Implementing and managing MTS can be complex, especially with varying
memory requirements.

7. Skill Developed / Learning Outcome: -


1. From this project we increased our communication skill.
2. The important thing which we learnt is “Time Management” which is needed now a day.
3. Listening, critical & logical thinking& leadership qualities are increased.

8. Benefits:-
1. Efficiency: OS optimizes system performance.
2. Organization: OS keeps data and programs organized.
3. Security: OS protects against unauthorized access.
4. Flexibility: OS supports various software applications.
5. Scalability: OS adapts to changing system requirements.

9. Future Improvement: -
1. Enhanced Security
2. Quantum Computing Support
3. Real-Time Processing
4. Cloud-Native OS
5. Sustainable Computing
10. Conclusion: -
In conclusion, process schedulers are essential parts of operating systems that manage how
the CPU handles multiple tasks or processes. They ensure that processes are executed
efficiently, making the best use of CPU resources and maintaining system responsiveness. By
choosing the right process to run at the right time, schedulers help optimize overall system
performance, improve user experience, and ensure fair access to CPU resources among
competing processes.

11. References: -
1. https://www.javatpoint.com

2. https://www.github.com

3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org

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