11

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – Grade 11

Quarter 1 – Module 3: Studying Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology
Understanding Culture Society and Politics – Garde 11
Quarter 2 – Module 16: Human Responses to Emerging Challenges in
Contemporary Societies
First Edition, 2020

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 Understanding
Culture, Society and
Politics
11
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 18
Human Responses to Emerging
Challenges in Contemporary Societies
( Social Movements)
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Grade 11 Self-

Learning Module on Human Responses to Emerging Challenges in
Contemporary Societies (Social Movements)!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Self-Learning

Module on Human Responses to Emerging Challenges in Contemporary Societies

( Social Movements )

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
 This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.

EXPECTATION

In this lesson, the students are expected to:

a. Define Social Movement
b. Identify Types of Social Movements
c. Value the importance of social movements
 PRE–TEST

DIRECTION: True or False: Read each item carefully and try to determine whether
the statement is true or false. Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise write
False. Use your notebook to write your answers.

1. Redemptive social movement is the opposite of alternative social movements, but

the membership of the movement is on a wider scale. ___________

2. Social movement organizations are formally established associations arising from

a social movement. __________

3. Global Movements are concerned all people around the world. Their issues are not
only contained in local, regional, or national level, but on a global scale. __________

4. Alternative social movements have unlimited goals that are often related to specific
parts of the structure that specific individuals would like to alter. __________

5. A social movement is a” conscious, collective, organized attempt to bring about or

resist change in the social order by noninstitutionalized means.” It connects large
groups of people that share common interests and goals about society. _________

RECAP

Radial Cluster
Direction: List down the different social networking sites and identify how it can be
useful to people.

SOCIAL
NETWORKING
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

LESSON

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Social movement is a “conscious, collective, organized attempt to bring about

or resist change in the social order by noninstitutionalized means.” It connects large
groups of people that share common interests and goals about society. Certain social
movements work to provoke changes in the society. Some, on the other hand, are
organized to prevent social change and maintain the status quo. In general, social
movements aim to affect the political, social, economic, and environmental aspects
of societies.

It is important to differentiate between social movements and social

movement organizations. Social movement organizations are formally established
associations arising from a social movement. They pursue specific interests of the
social movement, but they are only part of a larger whole, which is the social
movement. For example, Kilusang Mayo Uno, a labor union that supports and
protects the interests of workers, can only be considered a social movement
organization since it is only one component of the entire social movement for workers’
rights.

Social movement is a process that involves three elements: the individual,

the group, and the society. Individuals are aware of their personal qualities,
characteristics, and values, enabling them to act according to what they practice or
believe in. When they experience any form of change in the society where they belong
to, reactions and responses follow. Then, this individual finds another individual or
group that has views and sentiments similar to his or hers. As a result, there is a
series of social interactions between the individual and the group, allowing them to
collaborate with the same goals and objectives. These goals focus on bringing change
for their welfare and for the common good. This process paves the way to the
formation of social movements among different societies.

The classic categorization of social movements came from the anthropologist

David Aberle (1966), who stated that movements can be categorized according to the
number of their participants and the extent of the movement’s impact structure.

Alternative social movements have limited goals that often relate to specific
parts of the structure that specific individuals would like to alter. This may include
social movements advocating for the individual’s benefit such as Alcoholics
Anonymous (AA), which primarily functions as a support group for recovering
alcoholics.

Reformative social movement is the opposite of alternative social

movements, but the membership of the movement is on a wider scale.

Redemptive social movements tend to gather participants from specific

sectors of the society with a goal of radically changing the status of individual
members. Religious groups and cults have such impacts.

Revolutionary social movement is when the change that is expected is

radical and the beneficiary includes everyone. The communist revolutionary
movement in China led by Mao-Tse-tung is an example of this, as it changed the
entire social structure of China.

Types of Social Movements

1. According to Scope: A movement can be either reform or radical. A reform

movement advocates changing some norms or laws while a radical
movement is dedicated to changing value systems in some fundamental way.
A reform movement might be a trade union seeking to increase workers’ rights
while the American Civil Rights movement was a radical movement.
2. According to Change: A movement might seek change that is either
innovative or conservative. An innovative movement wants to introduce or
change norms and values while a conservative movement seeks to preserve
existing norms and values.
3. According to Targets: Group-focused movements focus on influencing
groups or society in general; for example, attempting to change the political
system from a monarchy to a democracy. An individual-focused movement
seeks to affect individuals.
 4. According to Methods of Work: Peaceful movements utilize techniques
such as nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. Violent movements
resort to violence when seeking social change.
5. According to Range: Global movements, such as Communism in the early
20th century, have transnational objectives. Local movements are focused
on local or regional objectives such as preserving an historic building or
protecting a natural habitat.

LEVELS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

LOCAL -Local level movements are those actions that push change in a local area.

REGIONAL- Regional level movements are social movements that are bigger in area
and in scope compared to local movement.

NATIONAL- National level is a bigger in the scope because the movements concerns
the whole nation or country and it involves national politics or economy.

GLOBAL- Global Movements concerns all people around the world. Their issues are
not only contained in local, regional, or national level but on a global scale.

The Dynamics of Social Movements

STAGES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENT success

failure

emerge coalesce bureaucratize Co-optation Decline

Repression
Dynamics of Social Movement

Adapted from: Blumer (1969), and Tilly (1978)

Go
mainstream

This graph depicts the various stages a social movement can undergo in the
course of its development.
Stage 1: Emergence
 Social movements start when people realize that there is a specific problem in
their society that they want to address. This realization can come from the
dissatisfaction people feel or information and knowledge they get about a specific
issue. The first stage of the social movement life cycle is known as the emergence,
or, as described by Blumer, the “social ferment” stage (De la Porta & Diani, 2006).
Within this stage, social movements are very preliminary and there is little to no
organization. Instead this stage can be thought of as widespread discontent
(Macionis, 2001; Hopper, 1950). Potential movement participants may be unhappy
with some policy or some social condition, but they have not taken any action in
order to redress their grievances, or if they have it is most likely individual action
rather than collective action. A person may comment to friends and family that he or
she is dissatisfied with conditions or may write a letter to the local newspaper or
representative, but these actions are not strategic and not collective. Further, there
may be an increase in media coverage of negative conditions or unpopular policies
which contributes to the general sense of discontent.
Stage 2: Coalescence
Often, social unrest or discontent passes without any organizing or
widespread mobilization. For example, people in a community may complain to each
other about a general injustice, but they do not come together to act on those
complaints, and the social movement does not progress to the second stage. Stage
two is characterized by a more clearly defined sense of discontent. It is no longer just
a general sense of unease, but now a sense of what the unease is about and who or
what is responsible. This is the stage when the social movement and the issues it
focuses on become known to the public. At this stage, a social movement develops
its plan of action, recruits’ members, holds protest marches, forms networks, and
gets resources. Most importantly, this is the stage at which the movement becomes
more than just random, discontented individuals; at this point, they are now
organized and strategic in their outlook.
Stage 3: Bureaucratization
The third stage is known as bureaucratization. This stage, defined by Blumer
as “formalization,” (De la Porta & Diani, 2006) is characterized by higher levels of
organization and coalition-based strategies. In this stage, social movements have had
some success in that they have raised awareness to a degree that a coordinated
strategy is necessary across all of the Social Movement Organizations (SMOs).
Similarly, SMOs will come to rely on staff persons with specialized knowledge that
can run the day-to-day operations of the organization and carry out movement goals.
Social movements in this stage can no longer just rely on mass rallies or inspirational
leaders to progress towards their goals and build constituencies; they must rely on
trained staff to carry out the functions of organizations. In this phase their political
power is greater than in the previous stages in that they may have more regular
access to political elites. Many social movements fail to bureaucratize in this way
and end up fizzling out because it is difficult for members to sustain the emotional
excitement necessary and because continued mobilization becomes too demanding
for participants. Formalization often means that paid staff can fill in when highly
enthusiastic volunteers are not readily available (Macionis, 2001; Hopper, 1950).
Stage 4: Decline
Finally, the last stage in the social movement life cycle is decline, or
“institutionalization.” Decline does not necessarily mean failure for social movements
though. Instead, Miller (1999) argues, there are four ways in which social movements
can decline:
• Repression,
• Co-optation,
• Success, and
• Failure,
Others have added establishment with mainstream as another way in which
they decline (Macionis, 2001).
Using a unilinear evolutionary perspective, social movements are believed to
follow a transitory process that commences with its emergence as solitary units that
soon coalesce to create stronger support systems. This coalition necessitates the
bureaucratization of the movement. As the movement fights for its causes, its
members experience five processes: success, failure, co-optation, repression, and
going mainstream. Whatever trajectory social movements take, they all cease to exist
after some time.

ACTIVITIES

Directions: Create your own Social Movement: Imagine that you will be creating
an organization in your community and of course you will be the leader. In the
table you will try to figure out the issues your organization will wish to address,
its advocacies and the challenges your organization may face in your community.
Using the rubrics, request the help of your parent/guardian to assess your
performance in this activity.

WRAP–UP

Thinking Beyond!

Directions: Complete the given prompts below by sharing your insights and
reflections on the topic discussed. Accomplish this task on your activity notebook.
A. I’ve got three (3) essential learning! These are:
 ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. I found two (2 ) interesting things, and these are:

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

C. I still have one (1) question, and that is:

__________________________________________________________________________________

VALUING

1. What do you think are the most relevant social movements today based on the
recent issues you see on the news? How do these social movements work to effect
social change?
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

POST TEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer in the box below. Write your
answer in the blank space before each number.

A. National Level F. Bureaucratization

B. According to Methods of Work: G. Coalescence
Peaceful movements H. success
C. Redemptive social movements I. Repression
D. Local Level J. Emergence
E. Social movement K. Decline
_____________ 1. It utilizes techniques such as nonviolent resistance and civil
disobedience. Violent movements resort to violence when seeking social change.

_____________ 2. Level of movement are those actions that push change in a local
area.

_____________ 3. Tend to gather participants from specific sectors of the society with
a goal of radically changing the status of individual members. Religious groups and
cults have such impacts.

____________ 4. Level of Movement that is bigger in the scope because the movements,
concerns the whole nation or country and it involves national politics or economy.

____________ 5. Is a process that involves three elements: the individual, the group,
and the society. Individuals are aware of their personal qualities, characteristics, and
values, enabling them to act according to what they practice or believe in.

______________6. This stage of a social movement’s life cycle in which strategy is

carried out by formal organizations and trained staff. Also known as formalization.

_______________7. One of the five ways in which social movements decline in which
authorities use violent or coercive tactics to destroy a social movement.

_______________8. A stage of a social movement’s which is characterized by

individualized, but widespread feelings of discontent. Movements in this stage lack
clearly defined strategy for achieving goals and little organization.

_______________9. A stage of a social movement’s life cycle, which is characterized the

coming together of social movement constituents. This stage is marked by
demonstrations and formulation of strategy.

______________ 10. This stage usually marks the end of mass mobilization.
 5. T 10. K 5. E
4. F 9. G 4. A
3. T 8. J 3. C
2. T 7. I 2. D
1. F 6. F 1. B
PRE-TEST POST-TEST
ANSWER ANSWER

R E F E R E N CE S
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Ederlina D, Balena, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel M. Peralta
Educatinal Resources Corporation

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics.

Alejandra-Gonzalez M.C. (2016
DIWA Learning System Inc.

https://www.ebscohost.com/uploads/imported/thisTopic-dbTopic-1248.pdf