Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE

PHILIPPINES
Office of the Vice President for Branches and
Campuses
SAN JUAN CITY CAMPUS
Lesson 4: TEACHING ACTIVITIES, AIDS, AND SUPPORTING MATERIALS

Remedial teaching is intended for students who, for one reason or another, have fallen
behind the rest of the class. At the beginning of a remedial course, the teacher has to assess with
care the strengths and weaknesses of her students. The remedial class teacher is expected to pay
greater attention to individual weaknesses and needs. Theultimate aim is to help such students
learn to the best of their ability and to bring them back into the mainstream classes as far as possible
(Handbook on Remedial Teaching in Secondary Schools, 1997).

Remedial teaching should be started immediately when the difficulties in learning or school
attendance have been noticed, so that the students would not stay behind permanently in their
studies. Remedial teaching can counteract difficulties beforehand. Remedial teaching should
be organized according to a plan and as often as is necessary.

❖ TEACHING STRATEGIES

Teachers should design appropriate learning activities in line with the focus of teaching. On the
basis of low starting points, small steps, diversified activities and instant feedback, teachers should
encourage pupils to participate actively during the learning process to help master the skills and
methods of collaborative learning. Diversified teaching activities such as situational teaching,
competitions, collation of information, discussion, oral reporting,games, topical research,
production of graphs/figures/models, role play, recording, visit and experiments may help pupils
enhance their interest in learning, stimulate their thinking and reinforce the effectiveness of
teaching.

Teachers should exercise their discretion in the appropriate use of teaching aids. Appropriate
teaching aids not only help to enhance pupils’ interest in learning, but will also consolidate the
knowledge they learned, thus achieving the objective of teaching. Common teaching aids are
concrete objects, figures, models, word cards, number cards and audio-visual equipment such as
tape recorder, headset, wire free induction loop system and multimedia teaching aids, etc. When
designing and using teaching aids, teachers should first consider their practical use and assess
whether the aim of remedial teaching can be attained. The design and organization of teaching
materials should be pupil-oriented. They should be selected and collated systematically to serve
the purpose. Teaching materials provided by the Education Department or other academic
institutions may also serve as a reference for teachers.

❖ TEACHINGS AIDS AND SUPPORTING MATERIALS

One of the most important aspects of effective teaching is the use of instructional materials. These
materials can be used to support and extend lessons, help students make connections between what
they are learning and real-world applications, and provide opportunities for practice and mastery.
There are a variety of instructional materials that teachers can use, and the best approach is to
select those that will best meet the needs of their students.

1. Textbooks are often used as the primary resource in a classroom, providing an overview of the
material to be learned.
2. Trade books can supplement textbooks or be used instead of them altogether; they generally
provide more engaging stories or information than textbooks do.
3. Workbooks contain activities or exercises for students to complete; they can be used alone or in
conjunction with other materials.
4. Manipulatives are physical objects that help students understand concepts; they might include
blocks, counters, pattern cards, and counting chips.
5. Games can also be helpful in supporting instruction; there are many educational games available
that cover a wide range of content areas.
 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Office of the Vice President for Branches and
Campuses
SAN JUAN CITY CAMPUS
5. Software programs offer another way for students to learn the material; there are many different
types of programs available depending on what content is being covered. Online resources provide
yet another avenue for instruction; websites, videos, digital simulations and more can all be used
to support student learning. The best approach is to select a variety of instructional materials so
that you can mix things up and keep students engaged.
6. Realia is real-world objects that can be used in the classroom to enhance instruction. For
example, if you were teaching a unit on plants, you might bring in leaves, flowers, seeds, or bark
from different trees to show your students up close what these things look like and feel like.

When it comes to teaching aids, there are a variety of options available to educators. There are
many different types of teaching aids that can be used in class.

- Visual: Visual aids use a sense of vision. It includes actual objects, charts, maps, flash
cards, pictures, flannel board, white board, flip charts, models etc.
- Audio: Audio aids are common teaching tools which include classroom stereo systems,
individual headsets, radio etc. In languages class, teachers use recordings to demonstrate
how the language is spoken. It is used as a recreational activity. It involves the sense of
hearing.
- Audio Visual: These aids can have a great impact on teaching. It involves the sense of
vision as well as hearing. Audio Video aids are multi sensory materials. They can be
produced, distributed and used as planned components of education programs. Teachers
can use instructional or documentary videos to enhance specific subjects or topics. It
usually requires television, digital video player, projection, film strips etc.

Some other teaching aids are Mobile Technology, Language games, Language Lab, News Paper.

❖ TEACHER AS A TEACHING AID

We cannot ignore the importance of teachers in the classroom. A teacher can be an effective
teaching aid. It is one of the wonderful teaching tools which is very convenient in every
respect. In a classroom, a teacher can involve students in the process of learning by doing
some simple things like use of proper body language, eye contact with students, good facial
expression, giving students time to talk, calling them by their names etc. All these activities
create a friendly learning atmosphere in the class and bridges the gap between teacher and
students. A teacher can be a model, narrator, singer, presenter, dancer, friend and role
player. By playing these roles in the classroom a teacher can encourage the students to
participate actively in the class. It will also keep them alert and learn efficiently.

❖ THE EFFECT OF USING AUTHENTIC TEACHING MATERIALS

According to Guariento & Morely (2001), “authentic materials help to motivate learners to
learn the language by making them feel they are learning the 'real' language”. In addition, Hyland
(2003, p. 94) states that “one of the most important advantages of using authentic materials is that
it increases learners' motivation and reflects positively on their learning process.” When a teacher
uses improper teaching materials in the class, students face lots of difficulties in learning a second
language so the teaching material should raise the learner’s interest otherwise the student will gain
nothing. Use of proper teaching material supports language teaching and raises the student's
motivation towards learning. Students' self satisfaction also improves after teaching proper texts
in the classroom because they feel connected with the second language. It is difficult to know how
the student will execute in the real life situations without using authentic teaching materials in the
class.

Tirth (n.d.) Peacock (1997) cited in Richards (2001), mentions several reasons for using
authentic materials in the classroom. These are: (1) they prepare learners for real life, (2) they meet
learners' needs, (3) they affect learners' motivation positively, (4) they encourage teachers to adopt
effective teaching methods and (5) they present authentic information about culture.
 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Office of the Vice President for Branches and
Campuses
Teaching materials
SAN JUAN areCITY
not a complete
CAMPUS way of teaching but an aid to learning. It is not necessary
to require it in all lessons and subjects. A teacher can use it according to the topics and needs of
students.

Too many materials in one lesson may distract attention from the main topic and cause adverse
effects. It should be relevant to the subject. If students can see the real things, teaching matters
should be avoided.

REFERENCES:

Lane, S. (2023, July 19). Teaching aids and instructional materials. EduEdify.
https://eduedify.com/teaching-aids-and-instructional-
materials/#:~:text=Some%20common%20types%20of%20teaching,to%20use%20in%20the%20
classroom.

Remedial instruction reference material - lesson remedial classroom: Organization and

management the. Studocu. (n.d.). https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/agusan-del-sur-state-
college-of-agriculture-and-technology/bsed-english/remedial-instruction-reference-
material/47987259

PGPathshala. e. (n.d.). https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/