Answer Key FOG 4 - 5e

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Grammar 4
Focus on
Student Book Answer Key
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PART 1 Present and Past: Review and Expansion
UNIT 1 Simple Present and Present Progressive
UNIT 2 Simple Past and Past Progressive
UNIT 3 Simple Past, Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Progressive
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UNIT 4 Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive
PART 2 Future: Review and Expansion
UNIT 5 Future and Future Progressive

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UNIT 6 Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive
PART 3 Negative and Tag Questions, Additions and Responses
UNIT 7 Negative Yes / No Questions and Tag Questions
UNIT 8 Additions and Responses: So, Too, Neither, Not either, and But

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9UNIT
PART 4
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Gerunds, Infinitives, and Phrasal Verbs
Gerunds and Infinitives: Review and Expansion
UNIT 10 Make, Have, Let, Help, and Get
UNIT 11 Phrasal Verbs: Review and Expansion

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PART 5 Adjective Clauses
UNIT 12 Adjective Clauses with Subject Relative Pronouns
UNIT 13 Adjective Clauses with Object Relative Pronouns
PART 6 Modals: Review and Expansion
UNIT 14 Modals and Similar Expressions: Review
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UNIT 15
UNIT 16
Advisability in the Past
Speculations About the Past
PART 7 The Passive
UNIT 17 The Passive: Overview
UNIT 18 The Passive with Modals and Similar Expressions
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UNIT 19 The Passive Causative
PART 8 Conditional Sentences
UNIT 20 Present Real Conditional Sentences
UNIT 21 Future Real Conditional Sentences
UNIT 22 Present and Future Unreal Conditional Sentences
UNIT 23 Past Unreal Conditional Sentences
PART 9 Indirect Speech and Embedded Questions
UNIT 24 Direct and Indirect Speech
UNIT 25 Tense Changes in Indirect Speech
UNIT 26 Indirect Instructions, Commands, Advice, Requests, Invitations
UNIT 27 Indirect Questions
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28 Embedded Questions

Contents Copyright © 2017 Pearson • Permission to photocopy for classroom use 1

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Focus on Grammar 4 | Student Book Answer Key

1 Simple Present and Present Progressive

NAMES

STEP 1 GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

AFTER YOU READ page 5

A 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. a

B 1. False 3. False 5. True

2. True 4. True 6. False

STEP 3 FOCUSED PRACTICE

EXERCISE 1 page 9

Are you living or working in a foreign country? Do you worry about making a mistake
with someone’s name or title? You are right to be concerned. Naming systems vary a lot
from culture to culture, and people often have strong feelings about their names. Well, now
help is available in the form of an interesting and practical book by Terri Morrison. Kiss,
Bow, or Shake Hands: How to Do Business in Sixty Countries consists of communication tips,
information on cross-cultural naming customs, and much more. It also provides excellent

Search
real-world examples. However, it’s not just for businesspeople. In today’s shrinking world,
people are always traveling to and from foreign countries. They’re !ying to all corners of the
world, and they’re exchanging emails with people they’ve never actually met. If you’re doing
business abroad or making friends across cultures, I recommend this book.

EXERCISE 2 page 10

2. is doing / believes 4. is noticing / are giving

3. want / are looking for 5. have / are causing / don’t know

EXERCISE 3 pages 10–11

Conversation 1
2. Do . . . know 4. calls
3. mean 5. always wins or ’s always winning

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Conversation 2
1. are expecting 4. sounds
2. ’re looking for 5. do . . . spell
3. do . . . think of

Conversation 3
1. call 6. ’m working
2. does . . . come f rom 7. owns
3. means 8. ’re joking
4. do . . . do 9. guess
5. sell 10. in!uence

Conversation 4
1. does . . . have 4. does . . . boil
2. means 5. boils
3. is boiling

EXERCISE 4 page 12

I’m writing
Hi, everybody. I write this note to introduce myself to you, my classmates in English 047.
wants
Our teacher is wanting a pro "le from each of us. At "rst, I was confused because my English
defines
dictionary is de"ning pro"le as “a side view of someone’s head.” I thought, “Why does she
want
wants that? She sees my head every day!” Then I saw the next de "nition: “a short description

of a person’s life and character.” Now I understand what to do, so this is my pro "le:
call
My name is Peter Holzer. Some of my friends are calling me Pay-Ha because that is how
sound studying
my initials actually sounding in German. I am study English here in Miami because I want
you’re
to attend the Aspen Institute of International Leadership in Colorado. Maybe are you asking
does he want
yourself, “Why he wants to leave Miami for Colorado?” The answer is snow! Of course that
come
means adjustments in my life, but good ones. I am coming from Austria, so I love to ski. It’s

part of my identity. In fact, my nickname in my family is Blitz (lightning) because always

always
I’m trying to improve my speed.
ˆ

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Focus on Grammar 4 | Student Book Answer Key

4 Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive

MUSICIANS

STEP 1 GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

AFTER YOU READ page 49

A 1. transformed 3. conducted 5. participated

2. inspired 4. ethnic 6. contract

B 4 He became conductor of the Simón Bolivar National Youth Orchestra.

2 He turned four.
6 He started a program based on El Sistema.
5 He became music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic.
1 He started taking music lessons.
3 He became part of El Sistema.

STEP 3 FOCUSED PRACTICE

EXERCISE 1 page 53

2. ? 3. ? 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F

EXERCISE 2 page 54

2. had already begun 5. had already won

3. had not yet started 6. had not yet gotten
4. had already become 7. had already moved

EXERCISE 3 pages 54–55

2. A: Had she started rehearsing 6. A: Had she shopped

B: Yes, she had. B: No, she hadn’t.
3. A: Had she eaten 7. A: Had she done
B: Yes, she had. B: Yes, she had.
4. A: Had she had 8. A: Had she ordered
B: No, she hadn’t. B: Yes, she had.
5. A: Had she given 9. A: Had she eaten
B: No, she hadn’t. B: No, she hadn’t.

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EXERCISE 4 page 56

2. had been winning 6. had . . . been reading

3. had been waiting 7. had been studying
4. had been treating 8. had . . . been observing
5. had not been competing 9. had been hoping

EXERCISE 5 page 57

2. Where had she been taking music lessons when she began classes at the Juilliard School in
New York City?
3. How long had she been studying at Juilliard when she performed with the New York
Philharmonic for the !rst time?
4. Had her fans been waiting a long time when she made her !rst recording?
5. What had she been noticing about children and music when she started the Midori &
Friends program?
6. How had she been helping children around the world when she became a United Nations
Messenger of Peace?
7. How many hours a day had they been practicing when they were on stage with her for a
concert in Tokyo?
8. Had reporters been taking photos when the concert started at 7:00 p.m.?

EXERCISE 6 page 58

2. had been teaching 8. had been

3. had been observing 9. had . . . been or had . . . gone
4. had come up 10. had been working
5. had shown up 11. had been living
6. had won 12. had . . . arrested
7. had helped

EXERCISE 7 page 59

2. Edson joined Youth Orchestra Los Angeles in 2007 because his mother had been
encouraging him to join.
3. Edson had been listening to the sounds of other instruments before he !nally decided to
play the clarinet.
4. When his story appeared in a newspaper article, Edson had been playing music for a year.
5. By the time he traveled to London with the orchestra in 2013, Edson had been
performing with Youth Orchestra Los Angeles for six years.
6. Edison was able to begin classes at Colburn School after he had won a scholarship to the
world-famous performing arts school.
7. By the time Edson graduated from high school, he had already played in orchestras with
Gustavo Dudamel three times.

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EXERCISE 8 page 60

Measha Brueggergosman’s "rst-grade teacher urged her parents to give her music lessons.
had decided
They did, and by age "fteen, she had been deciding on a singing career. Not growing up in

a large cultural center, she didn’t have the chance to attend concerts or the opera. However,
had been listening
by the time she enrolled at the University of Toronto, she listening to classical music on the
had been participating or had participated
radio for years, and she participated in her church’s music program since childhood.
moved
After she received her degree in Toronto, Brueggergosman had moved to Düsseldorf,

Germany, to study. By age twenty- "ve, she had been performing internationally for

several years and had won a number of important prizes. One enthusiastic judge said she
had never met
had never been meeting a singer with such perfect vocal control. By her thirtieth birthday,
had become
Brueggergosman has become both a classical music sensation and a popular celebrity.
had developed
A diva with a Facebook fan club who had develop her own unique fashion style,

Brueggergosman’s fame continued to grow. However, when she experienced a serious health

problem in June 2009, Brueggergosman stopped performing. Amazingly, she recovered in

time to sing at the ¡Bienvenido Dudamel! concert four months later. When she stepped onto
fell
the stage at the Hollywood Bowl and began singing, the audience had fallen in love with her