KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.

1 JALAHALLI
WEST, BANGALORE

A PROJECT REPORT
ON

GLOBAL WARMING
FOR
CBSE 2023 EXAMINATION
[AS A PART OF THE INFORMATICS PRACTICES (065)]

DONE BY
K. ANJALI
AKSA CHACKO
JANANI. S

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: SUBMITTED BY

MRS. DIVYA K. ANJALI

PGT (COMP.SC)
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project / Dissertation
entitled “GLOBAL WARMING” is a work done by
K. ANJALI of Class XII Session 2022-23 in partial
fulfilment of CBSE Examination 2023 and has been
carried out under my direct supervision and
guidance. This report or a similar report on the
topic has not been submitted for any other
examination and does not form a part of any other
course undergone by the candidate.

………………..………………. ………………..……………….
Signature of principal Signature of teacher/ guide

Name: MRS. DIVYA

Designation: (Comp.Sc.)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I undertook this Project work, as part of my XII-Informatics

practices course. I have tried to apply the best of knowledge
and experience, gained during the study and class work
experience. However, developing software systems is generally
a quite complex and time-consuming process. It requires a
systematic study, insight vision and professional approach
during the design and development.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks and gratitude to my
teacher MRS DIVYA C. K PGT (Comp.Sc).
I am very thankful to our Principal Shri. RAVINDRA S DEVADIGA
for giving valuable time and moral support to develop this
software.
I would like to take the opportunity to extend my sincere
thanks and gratitude to our parents for being a source of
inspiration and providing time and freedom to develop this
software project.
 CONTENTS
1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3.AIM
4. INTRODUCTION
5.THEORITICAL APPROACH
6. TABLE STRUCTURE
7. CODING
8. CONCLUSIONS
9. BIBLOGRAPHY
 AIM
THE MAIN AIM OF THE PROJECT IS TO SHOW THE
DATABASE OF THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
CAUSED BY THE HUMAN RACE AND TO SHOW THE CAUSES
THROUGH GRAPHS AND ITS IMPACT ON ANTARTICA.
WE WILL BE AIMING AT: DEFORESTRATION, WILDLIFE,
POLLUTION, POPULATION, ANTARTICA
 INTRODUCTION
This project has been made for learning about a topic part
of the earth's environment
GLOBAL warming is the long-term warming of the
planet's overall temperature. Though this warming trend
has been going on for a long time, its pace has
significantly increased in the last hundred years due to
the burning of fossil fuels. As the human population has
increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned.
This software, being simple in design and working, does
not require much training from users, and can be used as
a tool for keeping records.
During coding and design of the software Project,
python IDLE (Google Colab), a user friendly Enviromental
based integrated platform and coding simplicity. As a back
end, an open-source Google Colab , python IDLE used as
per requirement of the CBSE curriculum of Informatics
Practices Course.
 THEORITICAL APPROACH
What is Python?
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level
programming language with dynamic semantics. Its high-
level built-in data structures, combined with dynamic
typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for
Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a
scripting or glue language to connect existing components
together. Python's simple, easy to learn syntax
emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of
program maintenance. Python supports modules and
packages, which encourages program modularity and
code reuse. The Python interpreter and the extensive
standard library are available in source or binary form
without charge for all major platforms and can be freely
distributed.
Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of
the increased productivity it provides. Since there is no
compilation step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly
fast. Debugging Python programs is easy: a bug or bad
input will never cause a segmentation fault. Instead, when
the interpreter discovers an error, it raises an exception.
When the program doesn't catch the exception, the
interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level debugger
allows inspection of local and global variables, evaluation
of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints, stepping
through the code a line at a time, and so on. The debugger
is written in Python itself, testifying to Python's
introspective power. On the other hand, often the
quickest way to debug a program is to add a few print
statements to the code
Features of Python:
Python provides lots of features that are listed below.
1) Easy to Learn and Use
Python is easy to learn and use. It is a developer-friendly
and high-level programming language.
2) Expressive Language
Python language is more expressive means that it is more
understandable and readable.
3) Interpreted Language
Python is an interpreted language i.e.; interpreter
executes the code line by line at a time. This makes
debugging easy and thus suitable for beginners.
4) Cross-platform
Language Python can run equally on different platforms
such as Windows, Linux, Unix and Macintosh etc. So, we
can say that Python is a portable language.
5) Free and Open Source
Python language is freely available at the official web
address. The source-code is also available. Therefore, it is
open source.
6) Object-Oriented Language
Python supports object-oriented language and concepts
of classes and objects come into existence.
7) Extensible
It implies that other languages such as C/C++ can be used
to compile the code and thus it can be used further in our
python code.
8) Large Standard Library
Python has a large and broad library and provides a rich
set of modules and functions for rapid application
development.
9) GUI Programming Support
Graphical user interfaces can be developed using Python.
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-
populated continent. Situated almost entirely south
of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the
Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South
Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being
nearly twice the size of Australia and larger than
Europe and has an area of 14,200,000 km2
(5,500,000 sq mi). Antarctica is the coldest
continent on Earth. Antarctica is covered by ice, with
an average thickness of 1.9 km (1.2 mi). Antarctica
is on average the coldest, driest, and windiest of the
continents, and it has the highest average elevation.
The South Pole is colder than the North Pole
precisely because of this different geographical
configuration, to which must be added the
influence of the altitude: owing to the huge ice
sheet that covers the continent (about 90% of the
ice, which corresponds to about 70% of freshwater
on our Planet, is found in Antarctica), the average
altitude is around 2,000/2,400 meters (6,600/8,000
feet), with large areas above 3,000 meters (9,800
feet), so it is far higher than in the other continents,
where it's around 700/800 meters (2,300/2,600
feet).

Human activities and GLOBAL warming impact:

BAS research has shown also that near-surface sea
temperatures to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula
have risen by over 1°Cover a similar period. It is
now accepted that the waters of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current are warming more rapidly than
the GLOBAL ocean as a whole.
THE HARDWARE USED:

THE SOFTWARE’S USED:

• OFFICE Version: 18.2210.1203.0
• GOOGLE COLAB https://colab.research.google.com/
• Snipping tool for screenshots
 TABLE STRUCTURE
#database temperature

import pandas as pd

Jan={'min(C)':-29.6,'max(C)':-26,'mean(C)':-27.8,'min(F)':-21,'max(F)':-
15,'mean(F)':-18}feb={'min(C)':-43.1,'max(C)':-37.9,'mean(C)':-40.5,'min(F)':-
46,'max(F)':-36,'mean(F)':-40.9}

mar={'min(C)':-56.7,'max(C)':-49.6,'mean(C)':-53.2,'min(F)':-70,'max(F)':-
57,'mean(F)':-63.7}

apr={'min(C)':-60.9,'max(C)':-53,'mean(C)':-57,'min(F)':-78,'max(F)':-63,'mean(F)':-
70.5}may={'min(C)':-61.5,'max(C)':-53.6,'mean(C)':-57.6,'min(F)':-79,'max(F)':-
64,'mean(F)':-71.6}

jun={'min(C)':-62.8,'max(C)':-54.5,'mean(C)':-58.6,'min(F)':-81,'max(F)':-
66,'mean(F)':-73.6}

jul={'min(C)':-63.4 ,'max(C)':-55.2,'mean(C)':-59.3,'min(F)':-82,'max(F)':-
67,'mean(F)':-74.7}

aug={'min(C)':-63.2,'max(C)':-54.9,'mean(C)':-59,'min(F)':-82,'max(F)':-
67,'mean(F)':-74.3}

sep={'min(C)':-61.7,'max(C)':-54.4,'mean(C)':-58,'min(F)':-79,'max(F)':-
63,'mean(F)':-72.5}

oct={'min(C)':-54.3,'max(C)':-48.4,'mean(C)':-51.4,'min(F)':-66,'max(F)':-
55,'mean(F)':-60.7}

nov={'min(C)':-40.1,'max(C)':-36.2,'mean(C)':-38.2,'min(F)':-40,'max(F)':-
33,'mean(F)':-36.7}

dec={'min(C)':-29.1,'max(C)':-26.3,'mean(C)':-27.7,'min(F)':-20,'max(F)':-
15,'mean(F)':-17.9}

yr={'min(C)':-52.2,'max(C)':-45.9,'mean(C)':-48.95,'min(F)':-62,'max(F)':-
50.5,'mean(F)':-56}

mnt=[jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,aug,sep,oct,nov,dec,yr]

df=pd.DataFrame(mnt,index=['january','febraury','march','april','may','june','july','
august','september','october','november','december','year'])
print(df)

#line graph of min and max values of the above table

import matplotlib.pyplot as pt
minC=[-29.6,-43.1,-56.7,-60.9,-61.5,-62.8,-63.4,-63.2,-61.7,-54.3,-40.1,-
29.1,-52.2]
minF=[-21,-46,-70,-78,-79,-81,-82,-82,-79,-66,-40,-20,-62 ]
maxC=[-26.0,-37.9,-49.6,-53.0,-53.6,-54.5,-55.2,-54.9,-54.4,-48.4,-36.2,-
26.3,-45.9]
maxF=[-15,-36,-57,-63,-64,-66,-67,-67,-63,-55,-33,-15,-50.5]
mnth=['jan','feb','mar','apr','may','jun','jul','aug','sep','oct','nov','dec','ye
ar']
pt.plot(mnth,minC,color='c',label='minC',linewidth=2,marker='d',marke
rfacecolor='k',markersize=11)
pt.plot(mnth,minF,color='g',label='minC',linewidth=2,marker='p',marke
rfacecolor='k',markersize=11)
pt.plot(mnth,maxC,color='m',label='maxC',linewidth=2,marker='o',mark
erfacecolor='k',markersize=11)
pt.plot(mnth,maxF,color='c',label='maxF',linewidth=2,marker='*',marke
rfacecolor='k',markersize=15)
pt.legend(loc='lower left')
from google.colab import files
pt.savefig('minmax')
files.download('minmax.png')
pt.show()

#bar graph of mean values of the above table

import matplotlib.pyplot as pt
import numpy as np
mnth=['jan','feb','mar','apr','may','jun','jul','aug','sep','oct','nov','dec','ye
ar']
meanC=[-27.8,-40.5,-53.2,-57.0,-57.6,-58.6,-59.3,-59.0,-58.0,-51.4,-
38.2,-27.7,-48.95]
meanF=[-18.0,-40.9,-63.7,-70.5,-71.6,-73.6,-74.7,-74.3,-72.5,-60.7,-
36.7,-17.9,-56.0]
x=np.arange(len(mnth))
pt.bar(mnth,meanC,color='g',label='meanC',width=0.4)
pt.bar(x+0.4,meanF,color='y',label='meanC',width=0.4)
pt.legend(loc='upper left')
from google.colab import files
pt.savefig('mean')
files.download('mean.png')
pt.show()

#database of toxic gas emmision

import pandas as pd
a={'total emission':1080000,'natural emission':165000}
b={'total emission':1040000,'natural emission':165000}
c={'total emission':1100000,'natural emission':165000}
d={'total emission':1090000,'natural emission':165000}
e={'total emission':1150000,'natural emission':165000}
f={'total emission':1180000,'natural emission':165000}
g={'total emission':1280000,'natural emission':165000}
h={'total emission':1360000,'natural emission':165000}
i={'total emission':1460000,'natural emission':165000}
j={'total emission':1410000,'natural emission':165000}
k={'total emission':1320000,'natural emission':165000}
l={'total emission':1190000,'natural emission':165000}
m={'total emission':1080000,'natural emission':165000}
n={'total emission':960000,'natural emission':165000}
o={'total emission':820000,'natural emission':165000}
p={'total emission':760000,'natural emission':165000}
q={'total emission':700000,'natural emission':165000}
r={'total emission':640000,'natural emission':165000}
s={'total emission':600000,'natural emission':165000}
t={'total emission':590000,'natural emission':165000}
u={'total emission':560000,'natural emission':165000}
v={'total emission':530000,'natural emission':165000}
w={'total emission':490000,'natural emission':165000}
x={'total emission':480000,'natural emission':165000}
y={'total emission':470000,'natural emission':165000}
z={'total emission':450000,'natural emission':165000}
aa={'total emission':430000,'natural emission':165000}
ab={'total emission':410000,'natural emission':165000}
ac={'total emission':400000,'natural emission':165000}
ad={'total emission':390000,'natural emission':165000}
ae={'total emission':380000,'natural emission':165000}
af={'total emission':370000,'natural emission':165000}
ag={'total emission':350000,'natural emission':165000}
ah={'total emission':340000,'natural emission':165000}
ai={'total emission':320000,'natural emission':165000}
yearly_emission={1980:a,1981:b,1982:c,1983:d,1984:e,1985:f,1986:g,1
987:h,1988:i,1989:j,1990:k,1991:l,1992:m,1993:n,1994:o,1995:p,1996:
q,1997:r,1998:s,1999:t}
DF=pd.DataFrame(yearly_emission)
print(DF)
print(DF.T)
yearly_emission={2000:u,2001:v,2002:w,2003:x,2004:y,2005:z,2006:aa,
2007:ab,2008:ac,2009:ad,2010:ae,2011:af,2012:ag,2013:ah,2014:ai}
DF=pd.DataFrame(yearly_emission)
print(DF)
print(DF.T)

#line graph of the above emission table

import matplotlib.pyplot as pt
total_emission=[1080000,1040000,1100000,1090000,1150000,118000
0,1280000,1360000,1460000,1410000,1320000,1190000,1080000,960
000,820000,760000,700000,640000,600000,590000,560000,530000,49
0000,480000,470000,450000,430000,410000,400000,390000,380000,3
70000,350000,340000,320000]
natural_emission=[165000,165001,165002,165003,165004,165005,165
006,165007,165008,165009,165010,165011,165012,165013,165014,16
5015,165016,165017,165018,165019,165020,165000,165021,165022,1
65023,165024,165025,165026,165027,165028,165029,165030,165031,
165032,165033]
pt.xlabel('natural emission')
pt.ylabel('total emission')
pt.title('Ozone-depleting substance emissions')
pt.plot(natural_emission,total_emission,color='k',markerfacecolor='c',
marker='d')
from google.colab import files
pt.savefig('Ozone-depleting substance emissions')
files.download('Ozone-depleting substance emissions.png')
pt.show()

#bar graph of the above emission table

import matplotlib.pyplot as pt
total_emission=[1080000,1040000,1100000,1090000,1150000,118000
0,1280000,1360000,1460000,1410000,1320000,1190000,1080000,960
000,820000,760000,700000,640000,600000,590000,560000,530000,49
0000,480000,470000,450000,430000,410000,400000,390000,380000,3
70000,350000,340000,320000]
natural_emission=[165000,165001,165002,165003,165004,165005,165
006,165007,165008,165009,165010,165011,165012,165013,165014,16
5015,165016,165017,165018,165019,165020,165000,165021,165022,1
65023,165024,165025,165026,165027,165028,165029,165030,165031,
165032,165033]
pt.xlabel('natural emission')
pt.ylabel('total emission')
pt.title('Ozone-depleting substance emissions1')
pt.barh(natural_emission,total_emission,color='m')
from google.colab import files
pt.savefig('Ozone-depleting substance emissions1')
files.download('Ozone-depleting substance emissions1.png')
pt.show()

#database of deforestration in 7 countries

import pandas as pd
PRIMARY_FOREST=[320069365,100227214,84683971,67318459,53380
802,38364537,38364537]
TREE_COVER=[471775486,189337424,143180196,76967686,79730626,
59863905,56341192]
TREE_LOST_COVER=[51532499,12836705,24972682,2738812,3913982,
4648542,1820373]
C_W_H_D={'PRIMARY_FOREST':PRIMARY_FOREST,'TREE_COVER':TREE_
COVER,'TREE_LOST_COVER':TREE_LOST_COVER}
df=pd.DataFrame(C_W_H_D,index=['BRAZIL','DR
CONGO','INDONESIA','PERU','COLOMBIA','BOLIVIA','VENEZUELA'])
print(df)

# bar graph of deforestration in 7 countries

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as pt
th=['PRIMARY FOREST','TREE COVER','TREE LOST COVER']
B=[320069365,471775486,51532499]
D=[100227214,189337424,12836705]
In=[84683971,143180196,24972682]
Per=[67318459,76967686,2738812]
Col=[53380802,79730626,3913982]
Bol=[38364537,59863905,4648542]
Vene=[38364537,56341192,1820373]
x=np.arange(len(th))
pt.bar(th,B,width=0.1,label='BRAZIL')
pt.bar(x+0.1,D,width=0.1,label='DR CONGO')
pt.bar(x+0.2,In,width=0.1,label='INDONESIA')
pt.bar(x+0.3,Per,width=0.1,label='PERU')
pt.bar(x+0.4,Col,width=0.1,label='COLOMBIA')
pt.bar(x+0.5,Bol,width=0.1,label='BOLIVIA')
pt.bar(x+0.6,Vene,width=0.1,label='VENEZUELA')
pt.legend(loc='upper right')
from google.colab import files
pt.savefig('DEFORESTRATION')
files.download('DEFORESTRATION.png')
pt.show()

# graph
import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
delhi=[108,113,99,85,96]
mub=[54,45,45,40,45]
hy=[50,45,39,35,38]
kol=[76,85,60,45,60]
bang=[31,34,30,25,29]
chen=[40,43,35,26,25]
index=['2017','2018','2019','2020','2021']
x=np.arange(len(index))
pl.bar(index,delhi,width=0.12)
pl.bar(x+0.12,mub,width=0.12)
pl.bar(x+0.24,hy,width=0.12)
pl.bar(x+0.36,kol,width=0.12)
pl.bar(x+0.48,bang,width=0.12)
pl.bar(x+0.60,chen,width=0.12)
pl.xlabel('years')
pl.ylabel('pollution')
pl.title('pollution in cities in 5 years')
pl.legend(['delhi','mumbai','hydrabad','kolkata','bangalore','chennai'])
from google.colab import files
pt.savefig('pollution in cities')
files.download('pollution in cities.png')
pl.show()

#DATAFRAME
dd={'delhi':
delhi,'mumbai':mub,'hydrabad':hy,'kolkata':kol,'bangalore':bang,'chenn
ai':chen}
df=pd.DataFrame(dd,index=[index])
print(df)

#countries comparison in 2021

import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import pandas as pd
countries=['India','China','Japan','Germany','Korea','Iran','Pakistan','Rus
sia','UK','USA','Bangladeh','ÚAE']
pollution=[58.1,32.6,9.1,10.6,19.1,30.3,66.8,12.3,8.8,10.3,76.9,36]
pl.ylabel('country')
pl.xlabel('pollution')
pl.title('pollution in different countries in 2021')
pl.barh(countries, pollution,color='k')
from google.colab import files
pt.savefig('pollution in countries')
files.download('pollution in countries.png')
pl.show()

#DATAFRAME
import pandas as pd
con={'contries':countries,'pollution':pollution}
df=pd.DataFrame(con,index=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
dd=df.sort_values(by=['pollution'],ascending=False)
print(dd)

Output
 CONCLUSIONS
“GLOBAL WARMING”
has been prepared to reduce manual work and
with the help of this project all the work can be
done automatically in a fast manner.
 BIBLOGRAPHY
In order to work on this project titled – GLOBAL
WARMING the following books and literature are
referred by me during the various phases of
development of the project.
1. NCERT Informatics Practices Class XII
2. Online Help of python ®
3. Google colab
4. Informatics practices for class XII-by Sumita
Arora
5. Informatics practices for class XI-by Sumita Arora
6. http://www.python.org/
7. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
8. http://stackoverflow.com/
9. www.google.com
Other than the above-mentioned books, the
suggestions and supervision of my teacher and my
class experience also helped me to develop this
project