FEDERAL UNIVERSITY GUSAU

SAMAILA MUHAMMAD (PhD)

B.Sc(Comp. Sc) UDUS, M.Sc (Comp. Sc) UDUS Along Zaria-Sokoto Road,
PhD (Comp. Sc) UDUS P.M.B 1001, Gusau,
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Zamfara State.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

TO: ADMISSION COMMITTEE

LIST OF COURSES UNDERTAKEN

BIO 101 General Biology I (3 units)

Introduction to plant and animal kingdoms; Division of Phylums and their characteristic; chordate,
Echinodermata, anthropoda and the plant kingdoms divisions.
CSC 101: Introduction to Computer Science: (3 units)(L 30: P: 45)
Historical Development of Digital Computers: The contributions of Pascal, Leibniz, Joseph Jacquard,
Charles Babbage, Herman Hollerith etc . Progression of computer electronics: ENIAC and EDVAC,
technological innovation during wartime. Computer Generation: 1st -5th generation, the major features of
each generation. Classification of computer based on size, purpose and capability. Computer
Architecture: Von Neumann Architecture; Explanation on storage, input and output units of computer
system. Definition and explanation on hardware component of a computer. System Software: Operating
systems, Operating system functions, Types of operating systems, Stand-alone operating systems, Network

1
operating systems, embedded operating systems. Utility programs. Language Translators; Compiler,
Interpreter, Assembler. Application Software: Productivity software, Developing a document, Graphics
and multimedia software, Software for home, personal, and educational use, Software for
communications. Applications on the Web, Learning aids and support tools within an application. The
Network and Internet: Meaning of internet, internet protocol. Network Types, Network Topologies.
Communication channel, physical transmission media, Telephone network, Network communication
devices ( switches, routers, hub, modem etc), uses of communications technologies. The search engines.
Computer security; risks and safeguards, How viruses work and how to prevent them , Internet and
network security, Information privacy.

CSC 102: Introduction to problem Solving: (3 units) (L 30: P 45)

Overview of fundamental concept of Computer Science, Problem solving using computer, Algorithm,
Flowchart, Pseudo code, Programming, program control/logic structure, Programming paradigms (
Unstructured, structured and OO programming), Python Programming Language.

PHY 101 General Physics I (3 units)

Introduction to motion; laws of motion; using the laws to solve real life problems, introduction to
thermodynamics, mechanics; projectile, circuits etc.

PHY102 General Physics II (3 units)

In depth explanation and usage of what was learnt from the previous semester; waves; calculations of
prisms, using real life scenarios to calculate wavelengths etc.
PHY 107 General Practical Physics I (1 unit)
Students undergo practicals of what they learnt from PHY 101; pendulum bob; motion; mirror;
oscillation, period etc.

MTH 101 Elementary Mathematic I: (3 Units) L30: P0: T15)Elementary set theory, subsets, union,
intersection, complements and Venn diagrams. Real numbers; integers, rational and irrational numbers,
mathematical induction1,real sequences and series, theory of quadratic equations, Binomial theorem.
Complex numbers;algebra of complex numbers; the Argand Diagram. De Moivre's theorem, nth roots of
unity. Circular measure, trigonometric functions of angles of any magnitude, addition and factor formulae.

2
MTH 102 Elementary Mathematics II: (3 Units) (L30: P0: T15)
Geometric representation of vectors in 1-3 dimensions,components,direction cosines. Addition and Scalar
multiplication of vectors,linear independence. Scalar and vector products of two vectors,differentiation
and integration of vectors with respect to a scalar variable. Two-dimensional co-ordinate particles.
Components of velocity and acceleration of a particle moving in a plane. Force,momentum. Impact of two
smooth spheres, and of a sphere on a smooth sphere.

MTH 103 Elementary Mathematics III: (3 Units)(L30: P 0: T 15)Pre-requisite -MTH 101

Function of a real variable,graphs,limits and idea of continuity. The derivative, as limit of rate of change.
Techniques of differentiation.Extreme of a function, curve sketching; Integration as an inverse of
differentiation. Methods of integration. Definite integrals.Application to areas and volumes. Two-
dimensional co-ordinate geometry. Straight lines, circles, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola.Tangents and
normal.

STA 101 Probability I: 3(2L, 1P) Units

Generation of statistical events from set-theory and combinatorial methods. Elementary principles of
probability. Types and distributions of random variables; the binomial, Poison, hypergeometric, normal
and exponential distributions; Expectations and moments of random variables; probability sampling from
tables of random numbers; selected application/practical.

STA 102 Descriptive Statistics: 3(2L, 1P) Units

Basic statistical concepts. Statistical data: Types, sources, methods of
collection,classification,presentation and interpretation of statistical data. Frequency distribution,
Measures of location, partition,dispersion, skewness and kurtosis. Moments and Sheppard's correction.
Error and Approximation, Rates, ratios and index numbers. Applications/Practical.

CSC 201: Computer Programming I (3 units) (L30: P45)

Introduction to problem solving methods and algorithm development, design, coding, debugging and
documenting programmes using techniques of a good programming language style, programming

3
language and programming algorithm development. A widely used structured programming language such
as C language is used in teaching this course

CSC 202: Computer Programming II (3 units) (L30: P45)

Principles of good programming, structured programming concepts, debugging and testing, string
processing, internal searching and sorting, recursion and file handling mechanism. Object Oriented
programming language C++ is used in teaching this.

CSC 203: Fundamentals of Data Structures: (2 units) (L30: P30)

Primitive types, Non primitive tupes: Arrays, Records, Strings and String processing. Data representation
in memory, Stack and Heap allocation, Queues, Trees. Implementation Strategies for stack, queues, trees.
Run time, Storage management, Pointers and References, linked list structures.

CSC 204 Discrete Structure (2 units) (L30: P0)

Basic Set Theory: Basic definitions, Relations, Equivalence Relations Partition, Ordered Sets. Boolean
Algebra and Lattices, Logic, Graph theory: Directed and Undirected graphs. Graph Isomorphism, Basic
Matrices, Path matrices. Adjacency matrices: Path adjacency matrix, Boolean Adjacency matrices.
Applications to counting, Discrete Provability Generating Functions.

CSC 205 Operating System I (2 units) (L30: P0)

Overview of Operating System: Role and Purpose, Functionality Mechanisms to support Client-server
models, hand-held devices, Design Issues influences of Security, networking, multimedia, Windows and
Linux Operating System Principles: Structuring methods Abstraction, processes and of recourse, Concept
of APIS Device organization interrupts.

CSC 206 Operating Systems II: (2 Units) (L30: P0)

Concurrency: States and state diagrams structures, Dispatching and context switching; interrupts;
concurrent execution; Mutual exclusion problems and some solutions. Deadlock; Models and Mechanisms
(Semaphores, monitors etc.): Producer-Consumer problems and Synchronization. Multiprocessor issues.

4
Scheduling and Dispatching. Memory Management: Overlays, Swapping and Partition, Paging and
Segmentations Placement and replacement policies, working sets and trashing, caching.

CSC 207 Structured Programming: (2 units) (L15: P15)

Structured programming elements, structured design principles, Abstraction modularity, step refinement,
structured design techniques. Teaching of a structure programming language, Brief survey of
programming paradigms – procedural programming, objecy oriented programming, non-algorithmic
programming, functional and declarative programming; Problem solving phases, The programming
process; Data types; input and output; Control Structures; functions. Objects and classes; Design, testing
and debugging and documentation. Principles of good programming, structured programming concepts,
debugging and testing, string processing, internal searching and sorting, recursion. Use a programming
language such as C, C++ or C# languages.

CSC 208 Computer Architecture and Organization I (2 units) (L15: P15)

Fundamental building blocks, Logic, expression, sum of product forms, minimization techniques of logic
expression. Register transfer notation. Data representation and number bases, fixed and floating point
systems, representation. Memory system; general characteristics of memory operations; memory
addressing, memory hierarchy, virtual memory control systems. Hardware control, micro programmed
control. Synchronous control, I/O control.

CSC 209 Introduction to Web Programming (PHP)(2 units) (L15: P15)

PHP: Introduction, Common uses of PHP, PHP environment, WAMP/LAMP Server Configuration, PHP
code style, variables, Data types, Difference and similarities between PHP and Java, Basic PHP
programming, Web Applications using PHP. Introduction to database using DBMS. PHP for database
applications. PHP integrated development environment (IDE) and frame works.

CSC 211 Digital Logic Design (3 units) (L45: P0)

Number systems and conversion; Boolean Algebra, K-map and Logic gates; minimization of switching
functions; combinational network design; flip-flops: sequential network design; arithmetic networks.

5
Computer organization. Structure of CPU: Registers and Counters, the Computer Memory. Introduce
Assembly language.

CSC 212 Computer Hardware: (2 units) (L15: P0)

Computer circuits; diode Arrays, PIAs etc., Integrated circuits fabrication process, Use of MSI, LSI and
VLSI 1C’ hardware design. Primary and secondary memories; core memory, etc. Magnetic devices; disks,
tapes, video disks etc. Peripheral devices; printers, CRT’s, keyboards, character recognition, operational
amplifiers; analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter. Analog computers.

CSC 214 Foundations of sequential program: (3 units) (L45: P0)

The relationships between H/L languages and the computer architecture that underlies their
implementation: basic machine architecture, assembles specification and translation of P/L block
structured languages, parameter passing Mechanisms.

STA 201 Statistics for Physical Sciences and Engineering: 3 Units (3L,OP)
Use of statistical methods in physical sciences and engineering.Measure of location, partition and
dispersion in ungrouped and grouped data, Elements of probability and probability distributions:Normal,
binomial, Poisson, geometric, hypergeometric, negative binomial distributions. Estimations and tests of
hypothesis concerning the parameters of distributions. Regression, correlation and analysis of variance.
Contingency tables Non-parametric inference. Introduction to design of experiment. Analysis of
variance.Pre-requisites: STA 101.
MTH 201 Mathematical Methods 1: (3 Units) (L30: P 0:T 15)Pre-requisite-MTH 101,103.
Real-valued functions of a real variable. Review of differentiation and integration and their
applications. Mean value theorem. Taylor series. Real-valued functions of two or more variables. Partial
derivatives. Chain rule, Extreme, langranges multipliers. Increments,differentials and linear
approximations. Evaluation of line and multiple integrals.

MTH 205 Linear Algebra I:(2 Units) (L15 P 0: T 15)Pre-requisite -MTH 101,102
Vector space over the real field. Subspaces, linear independence,basis and dimension. Linear
transformations and their representation by matrices - range, null space, rank. Singular and non-singular
transformation and matrices.Algebra of matrices.

6
CSC 216 Introduction to Digital Design (2 units) (L15: P15)
Introduction to digital design and circuit design; Introduction to logic gates; the AND, OR, NOR, XOR,
etc. Number bases calculations; binary, base 10, hexadecimal numbers. The flow of current through the
gates.

PHY 202 Electronic and Electric Circuits (3 units)

Introduction to electronic circuit laws; Kirchoff’s rules, Thevenins theorem; capacitance and capacitors,
resistance and resistors, introduction to logic gates; truth tables and circuit design.

CSC 301 Object Oriented Programming: (3 units) (L30: P15)

Basic OOP concepts: classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, data abstraction, tools for developing ,
compiling, interpreting and debugging, Java programs, Java syntaxes and data objects, operators. Central
Flow constructs, objects and classes programming, Arrays, methods, exceptions, applets and the abstract,
OLE, persistence, window toolkit, laboratory exercises in an OOP language.

CSC 303 System Analysis and Design: (2 units) (L15: P15)

System concept; system development life cycle, system development steering committee analysis: fact
gathering techniques, system concepts examples of systems; system development life cycle (SDLC),
analysis, data delivery, data flow diagrams, process description, data modeling; system design, structure
charts, form designs, security, automated tools for design: CASE; implementation and maintenance;
project planning and control. Case study.

CSC 305 Computer Architecture and Organization II (2 units) (L15: P15)

Memory system, general; characteristics of memory operation. (Technology-magnetic recording semi-

conductor memory, coupled devices, magnetic bubble). Memory addressing, memory hierarchy, virtual
memory control systems. Hardware control, micro programmed control, asynchronous control, i/c control.
Introduction to the methodology of faulty tolerant computing.

7
CSC 307 Computational Science and Numerical Methods (3 units)

Operational research, numerical computation, graphical computation, modeling and simulation, high
performance computation.

CSC 309 Survey of Programming Languages (3 units) (L30: P15)

Overview of programming languages: history of programming languages, brief survey of programming

paradigms (procedural languages, Object-Oriented languages, functional languages, declarative-non-
algorithmic languages, scripting languages), the effects of scale on programming methodology; languages
description: syntactic structure ( Expression notations, abstract syntaxes tree, lexical syntaxes, grammars
for expressions, variants of grammars), language semantics (informal semantics, overview of formal
semantics, denotation semantics, axiomatic semantics, operational semantics); declarations and types: the
concept of types, declaration models (binding, visibility, scope, and lifetime), overview of type-checking.
Garbage collection; Abstraction Mechanisms: procedures, function, and iterations ad Abstraction
Mechanisms, parametizarion Mechanisms (reference vs. Value), activation records and storage
management, type parameters and paramet8zed types, modules ib programming languages; object oriented
language paradigm; functional and logic language paradigms.

CSC 311 Data Management I (3 units)

Introduction to data management, file management and job-control language application; information
storage and retrieval. Information management applications, information capture and representation,
analysis and indexing, search, retrieval, information privacy; integrity, security; scalability, efficiency and
effectiveness. Introduction to database systems: components of database systems DVMS functions,
Database architecture and data independence, use pf database query language, high level language data
management facilities.

8
CSC 313 Compiler Construction II (3 units)

Review of compilers, assemblers and interpreters, structure and functional aspects of a typical compiler,
syntax, semantics and pragmatics, functional relationship between lexical analysis, expression analysis and
code generation. Internal form of course programme. Use of a standard compiler
(FORTRAN<COBOL/PL) as a working vehicles. Error detection and recovery Grammars and Languages:
the parsing problem. The scanner.

MTH 319: Numerical Analysis I (3 Units) (L15:P0:T15)

Pre-requisite -MTH 209
Floating point arithmetic; Use of mathematical subroutine packages;error analysis and norms;
alternative methods, computation of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, related topics; numerical solution of
boundary value problems for differential equations, solution of non-linear systems of algebraic
equations; least-squares of over determined systems.

CSC 399 Student’s Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) (6 units) (6 months)

Student’s Industrial Work Experience Scheme of 6 months duration.

A course of computing practice undertaken in the industry. It is an exposure to industrial practice and
standards in information technology through the attachment of students to locations in the computer
industry as may be approved by the head of department. Students’ activities are monitored and recorded by
approved staff supervisors and a report is submitted by each student at the end of the period for assessment
after seminar presentation.

CSC 400 Seminar (2 units)

Definition and explanation of terms, literature review, methodology, computing research resources,
research document and communication, time management, managing your supervisor, research regulations
and ethics. Technical writing and reporting; special topics in any area of computer science considered
relevant at given time. Guest lecturers from industry can be invited. The students’ seminar should include

9
the following: i. Abstract; ii. Introduction; iii. Literature reivew; iv. Main body; v. Conclusion; and vi.
Reference (APA system).

CSC 401 Organization of Programming Languages (3 units) pre-requisite – CSC 201, 202, 301, 311

Language definition structure. Data types and structures, review of basic data types, including lists and
trees, control structure and data flow, run-time consideration, interpretative languages, lexical analysis and
parsing.

CSC 402 Software Engineering (3 units)

Software design: software architecture, design patterns, O. O. Analysis and design, design for re-use.
Using API’s: API programming class browsers and related tools, component based computing. Software
tools and environment: requirements analysis and design modeling tools, testing tools, tools integration
mechanism

CSC 403 Data Management II (3 units) (L30: P45)

Relational databases: mapping conceptual schema and relational schema; Database query language (SQL)
concept of functional dependencies and multi-valued dependencies. Transaction processing; distributed
databases.

CSC 404 Algorithms and Complexity Analysis (2 units)

Basic algorithmic analysis: asymptotic analysis of upper and average complexity bounds; standard
complexity classes time and space tradeoffs in algorithms analysis recursive algorithms.

Algorithmic Strategies: Fundamental of computing algorithms: Numerical algorithms, sequential and

binary search algorithms; sorting algorithms, binary search trees, hash tables, graphs and its
representation.

10
CSC 405 Net-Centric Computing (3 units) (L30: P15)

Distributed computing, mobile and wireless computing, network security; client/server computing (using
web), building web applications. Internet vs. Intranet; system development overview; development
concept; web application development cycle; architecture and environment; markup languages; Java
script, Java VRML, VB 341 script, active-X, CGI, database connectivity; web-authority tools; scripting
languages; client/server technologies and infrastructures; current issues and trends.

CSC 406 Human-Computer Interface (HCI) (2 units) (L30: P0)

Foundations of human computer interface, principles of graphic user interface (GUI), GUI toolkits
Human-centered software evaluation and development, GUI design and programming.

CSC 407 Computer Networks and Communication (3 units) (L30: P45)

Introduction, wares, Fourier analysis, measure of communication, channel characteristics, transmission

media, noise and distortion, modulation and demodulation multiplexing, TDM FDM and FCM parallel
and serial transmission (synchronous vs asynchronous). Bus structures and loop systems, computer
network examples and design considerations, data switching principles broadcast techniques, network
structure for packet switching, protocols, description of network e.g. ARPANET, etc.

CSC 408 Artificial Intelligence (3 units) (L30: P45)

Introduction to Artificial intelligence, understanding natural languages, knowledge representation, expert

systems, pattern recognition, the language LISP.

CSC 410 Project I (3 units)

Students should embark on work that will lead to substantial software development under the supervision
of a member of staff.

CSC 410 Project II (3 units)

Students should embark on work that will lead to substantial software development under the supervision
of a member of staff.

11
CSC 412 Compiler Construction II (2 units) (L30: P0)

Gramard and languages, recognizes, top-down and bottom-up language run-time storage organization, the
use of display in run-time storage organization. The use of display in run time storage allocation. LR
grammars and analyzers. Construction of LR table. Organization of symbol tablets. Allocation of storage
to run-time variables. Code generation. Optimisation/translator with systems.

CSC 413 Computer Graphics and Visualization (2 units) (L15: P45)

Hardware aspect, plotters microfilm, plotters display, graphics tablets, light pens, other graphical input
aids facsimile and its problems, refresh display , refresh huggers, changing images, light pen interaction.
Two and three dimensional transformation, perspective clipping algorithms. Hidden line removal bolded
surface removal. Introduction to hand writing and character recognition. Curve synthesis and fitting.
Contouring. Ring structures versus doubly linked lists. Hierarchical structures. Data structure: organization
for interactive graphics.

CSC 414 Computer Modeling and Simulations(2 units) (L15: P45)

Basic definitions and uses, simulation process, some basic statistic distributions theory, model and
simulation. Queues; basic components, kendal notation. Queuing sales, little’s law, queuing state and
continuous state process, Markov processes, birth-death process, poison processes. Random numbers;
types of random number exercises.

General studies

GST 101 Communication in English I (2 units)

Effective communication and writing in English, language skills, writing of essay answers,
comprehension, sentence construction, outlines and paragraphs, collections and organization of materials
amd logical presentation, punctuation.

12
 GST 102 Communication in English II (2 units)

Logical presentation of papers, phonetics, instruction on lexis, art of public speaking and oral
communication, figures of speech, précis, report writing.

GST 103 Logic, Philosophy and Human Existence (2 units)

(A) Islamic philosophy: Definition, scope, relationship between Philosophy amd religion (islam). Theory of
knowledge in Islam. A critical review of the sources of knowledge (perception), experience, reason,
intuition etc, with spe ial emphasis on the role of REVELATION as the most reliable source of knowledge.
Ultimate reality: Allah and his attributes, critical review of philosophical proofs, Qur’anic approach to
providing the existence of Allah, predestination and freedom of will as aspect of Allah’s knowledge and
power. Prophet-hood and the Day of Judgement. Ethics in Islam.
(B) Western Philosophy: A brief survey of the main branches of philosophy: symbolic logic, special symbols
in symbolic logic-conjunction, negation, affirmation, disjunction, equivalent and conditional statements;
Law of Tort. Te method of deduction, using rules of inference and bi-co ditionals qualification theory.
Types of discourse: Nature of arguments, validity and soundness; techniques for evaluating arguments;
distinction between Inductive and deductive inferences, etc.
GST 105: Use of Library, Study Skills and Information Communication Technology (ICT) (2
Units)
Brief history of libraries, Library and education, University libraries and other types of Libraries, Study
skills (reference services), Types of library materials, using library resources including e-learning, e-
materials, etc., Understanding library catalogues (card,OPAC,etc.)and classification, Copyright and its
implications, Database resources, Bibliographic citations and referencing. Development of modern ICT,
Hardware technology Software technology, Input devices, Storage devices, Output devices,
Communication and internet services, Word processing skills (typing,etc.).

GST 106: Communication in French (2 Units)

Introduction to French, Alphabets and numeracy for effective communication (written and oral),
Conjugation and simple sentence construction based on communication approach, Sentence
construction, Comprehension and reading of simple texts.

13
GST 201: History and Philosophy of Science (2 units)
Man - his origin and nature, Man and his cosmic environment,Scientific methodology, Science and
technology in the society and service of man, Renewable and non-renewable resources-man and his
energy resources, Environmental effects of chemical plastics. Textiles, Wastes and other material,
Chemical and radiochemical hazards, Introduction to the various areas of science and technology.
Elements of environmental studies.

GST 202: Peace Studies and Conflict Resolutions (2 units)

Basic Concepts in peace studies and conflict resolution, peace as a vehicle of unity and development,
Conflict issues, Types of conflicts,e.g. Ethnic/religious/political/economic conflicts, Root causes of
conflicts and violence in Africa, Indigene/settler phenomenon,Peace building, Management of conflict and
security. Elements of peace studies and conflict resolution, Developing a culture of peace. Peace
mediation and peace-keeping, Altemative Dispute Resolution (ADR), Dialogue/arbitration in conflict
resolution. Role of international organizations in conflict resolution. e.g. ECOWAS.African Union,United
Nations, etc.

EDS 201:Entreprencurial Development Studies I (2Units)

This is a foundation course that is aimed at introducing entrepreneurship and imparting entrepreneurial
orientation to students. Topics include the following: Definition of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur.
Some basic concepts of Entrepreneurship. Historical background of Entrepreneurship.Characteristics of
Entrepreneurship. The source and approaches to the study of Entrepreneurship. Environment of
Entrepreneur Development, Elements of Entrepreneurship, Components of Entrepreneurial ventures,
Fundamental changes that influence Entrepreneurship. Classification of Entrepreneurs. Qualities of a
successful entrepreneur, Benefits of being an Entrepreneur. The Entrepreneurial process, Entrepreneurship
Productivity, Salaried Employment Vs Entrepreneurship.

14
EDS 202: Entrepreneurial Development Studies II (2Units)
This course is the continuation of EDS 201. The course is aimed at exposing students to the opportunities
in Entrepreneurship and the basic characteristics required for successful performance as entrepreneurs
using some related biographical studies of entrepreneurs and management giants as case studies. Topics
covered include the following: Importance of Entrepreneurship to the economic growth of Nations,
Societies and Individuals. Forms of Business Organizations, their advantages and disadvantages. Small
and Medium Scale Enterprise (SMEs): Definitions; Advantages and.Disadvantages; Management
Challenges of SMEs; and Accelerated industrialization through active promotion and development of
SMEs. Introduction to International Trade; Entrepreneurship and globalization. Contributions of
memorable early Entrepreneurs.
More on biographical studies of business thinkers, Entrepreneurs and Management Giants.

EDS 301:Entrepreneurial Development Skills I

The focus of this course is on fostering the practice of entrepreneurship skills mainly among student
participants from the Sciences. It intends to impart entrepreneurial skills in theory and practice to the
students towards new venture creation. Students are to be exposed to actual industrial environment.
Constructive participation in commonly encountered multidisciplinary, team-centered environments will
require flexibility, effective communication skills, leadership, continuous learning, selfless contributions
towards team objectives, and ethical conduct. Resource persons will be drawn from the academics and
industries as a way of bridging the gap between town and gown. The students will learn how to identify
and evaluate new business opportunities in the manufacturing and service industries in Nigeria,and how
to start and manage a small or medium-sized business venture.

Topics to be covered include: Idenifying and evaluating new business opportunities; Forms of business,
Feasibility studies;Staffing; Introduction to Marketing Management, Time Management. Introduction to
Capital Market, Determining capital requirements, Raising capital; Successful Business Planning and
Management through: (i) Formulating a business plan, (ii)Developing business strategies in the
manufacturing industry; (iii)Developing business strategies in the service industries; (iv)Implementing
business strategies; and (v) Evaluating business strategies. Starting a new business venture from the
scratch;Acquiring an existing business; Innovation; Legal Issues; Insurance and environmental
considerations. Every student enrolled in this course will be expected to participate in a group to do a

15
feasibility study and then develop a detailed business plan for starting, owning,and managing a small or
medium-sized business enterprises.

16