ENGLISH

STD: XII
 CONTENTS
SECTION ONE (PROSE)
1.1 An Astrologer’s Day R.K.Narayan 5-17
1.2 On Saying “Please” Alfred George Gardiner 18-30
1.3 The Cop and the Anthem O’Henry 31-41
1.4 Big Data – Big Insights - 42-55
1.5 The New Dress Virginia Woolf 56-65
1.6 Into the Wild Kiran Purandare 66-79
1.7 Why we Travel Siddarth Pico Raghavan Iyer 80-88
1.8 Voyaging Towards Excellence Achyut Godbole 89-107

SECTION TWO : POETRY

2.2 Song of the Open Road Walt Whitman 108-113
2.2 Indian Weavers Sarojini Naidu 114-118
2.3 The Inchcape Rock Robert Southey 119-129
2.4 Have you Earned your Tomorrow Edgar Guest 130-133
2.5 Father Returning Home Dilip Chitre 134-139
2.6 Money William H. Davies 140-144
2.7 She Walks in Beauty George Gordon Byron 145-148
2.8 Small Towns and Rivers Mamang Dai 149-154
Critical Appreciation 155-162
Figures of Speech 163-172

SECTION THREE: WRITING SKILLS

3.1 Virtual Message 173-176
3.2 Interview Questions 177-183
3.3 Compering 184-192
3.4 Review 193-196
3.5 Blog writing 197-203

SECTION FOUR : NOVEL

4.1 History of Novel ----- 204-209
4.2 To, Sir with Love E.R.Braithwaite 210-217
4.4 Around the World in Eighty Days Jules Verne 218-223
4.5 The Sign of Four Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle 224-229

SECTION FIVE : EXTRACT

5.1 Unseen Extracts & Summary 230-239
5.2 Mind Mapping 240-245

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 SECTION SIX : GRAMMAR
6.1 Articles 246-247
6.2 Prepositions 248
6.3 Gerund ---- Infinitive 249
6.4 As soon as --- No Sooner ---than 250
6.5 Not only----- but also 251
6.6 Assertive to Exclamatory 252
6.7 Assertive to Interrogative 253
6.8 Interrogative to Assertive 254
6.9 Affirmative to Negative 255
6.10 Active & Passive Voice 256
6.11 Degrees of Comparison 257
6.12 Simple to Compound 258
6.13 Simple to Complex 259
6.14 Complex to Simple 260
6.15 Compound to Complex 261
6.16 Complex to Compound 262
6.17 Remove ‘Too’ 263
6.18 Modal Auxiliaries 264
6.19 Tenses 265
6.20 ‘Wh’ questions 266
6.21 Direct & Indirect Speech 267-268
6.22 Spot the Error 269
6.23 Although & Even Though 270
6.24 If----- Unless 271
6.25 Hardly ------When 272
6.26 Word Formation 273-278
6.27 Make Sentences 279
6.28 Do as Directed(For Practice) 280-282
6.29 Practice Papers 293-357

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 EVALUATION PLAN

1. (a) Written Examination 80 marks

(b) Oral Test 20 Marks
Total 100 marks

SECTION-1 (Prose)
(Reading for Comprehension, Language Study, Summary, Mind Mapping)
Q. 1. (A) 6 Activities based on a Textual (Seen) extract of 275-300 words from Section 1
of the textbook: (12 marks)
(B) Language Study: (Non-textual Grammar)
B1. Do as directed/Transformation of Sentences (3 marks)
B2. Spot the error/s (1 Mark)

16 Marks

Q. 2. (A) Activities based on a Non-textual (Unseen) extract of 275-300 words (12 marks)
(B) Summary of the extract given in Q. 2 (A) (3 marks)

(C) Mind Mapping (3 marks)

18 Marks
SECTION-II (Poetry)
(Poetry Comprehension and Appreciation)

Q. 3. (A) 5 Activities based on a Textual (Seen) extract of about 10-15 lines from Section 2
of the textbook (10 marks)
(B) Appreciation of a Textual (Seen) extract of 10-15 lines from a poem, not (4 marks)
asked in Q. 3 (A)
14 Marks

SECTION-III (Writing Skills)

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below:
(A) Drafting Virtual Messages/Statement of Purpose/ Group Discussion (4 marks)
(B) Email/Report Writing/Interview (4 marks)
(C) Speech/Compering/Expansion of Ideas (4 marks)
(D) Review/Blog/Appeal (4 marks)

16 Marks
(Note: In A, B, C and D, activities will be framed on all types in each set as options. Students are required
to attempt any one activity from each set.)

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 SECTION-IV (Literary Genre-Novel)
Q. 5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions:
(Activities on MCQ/Match the columns/Chronological Order/ Fill in the Blanks/True or False/Elements of
Novel OR Any other Novel Activity)
1. Activities on History of English Novel (2 marks)
2. Activities on History of English Novel (2 marks)
4 Marks

(Note: (1) Activities in this section will be based on 4.1 (2) Activities will not be repeated in the sub-
questions)

(B) Answer the questions given below in about 50 words:

(Questions on elements such as Plot/Structure/Theme/Setting/ Language/Character)
1. Describe/Explain/Compare/Contrast/Name/Discuss (2 marks)
2. Illustrate/Interpret/Narrate/Justify/Find/Identify (2 marks)
(Note: Activities in this section will be based on 4.2)
4 Marks
(C) Answer the questions given below in about 50 words:
(Questions on elements such as Plot/Structure/Theme/Setting/ Language/Character)
1. Describe/Explain/Compare/Contrast/Name/Discuss (2 marks)
2. Illustrate/Interpret/Narrate/Justify/Find/Identify (2marks)
(Note: Activities in this section will be based on 4.3) 4 Marks

(D) Answer the questions given below in about 50 words:

(Questions on elements such as Plot/Structure/Theme/Setting/ Language/Character)
1. Describe/Explain/Compare/Contrast/Name/Discuss (2 marks)
2. Illustrate/Interpret/Narrate/Justify/Find/Identify (2 marks)
(Note: Activities in this section will be based on 4.4) 4 Marks

80 Marks
Total :
****************************

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 1.1: ASTROLOGER’S DAY
- R. K. NARAYAN

SUMMARY OF AN ASTROLOGER’S DAY:

The Astrologer started his day like any other day. He sat under the tamarind tree, spread all his equipment
like Cowrie shell, a square piece of cloth which had an obscure mystic chart, a notebook, and a bundle of a
palmyra writing. His forehead was decorated with sacred ash & vermilion, a saffron-colored turban was
rolled around his head and had dark whiskers. His appearance enhances the power of his eyes & helpful to
attract his clients.
It was a crowded marketplace with varied trades and occupations. We can experience the struggle of
the people to be successful in their business or profession. Here the astrologer is not the only person who is
cheating the people but others also, for example, a vendor of fried groundnut who called his wares a fancy
name each day. Now it was dark enough but the marketplace did not have sufficient lighting. Some people
have their lights but one or two like astrologers had to manage without lights of their own.
Then writer tells us about the astrologer's past life. The astrologer didn't want to be an astrologer. It is
his fate that made him an astrologer. In the past, he had to leave his village without any previous thought or
plan. So he settled in this village and became an astrologer for his subsistence. He was successful in pleased
and astonished people though he didn't have any knowledge about astrology. Even he was unable to pretend
about his own life. How? It's just because he studied the human mind, his many year's practices, some
tricks, and obviously guesswork.
At the end of the day when the astrologer started to bundle up, he saw a man. Assuming he was a client
he started chatting with him. The man expressed doubt on the astrologer's knowledge. The astrologer took it
as a challenge and started to predict. He said all the similar things that he said to others. But the man catches
his trick and stopped him. Then he gave an offer to the astrologer and they made a deal that if the
astrologer's answer satisfied the man then the man has to give him eight annas otherwise the astrologer has
to give him all his collection of that day.
Then they both sat down and the man lightens the cheroot (type of cigar). In that dim light, the
astrologer got the sight of his face. Now the astrologer was very uncomfortable and again started to bundle
up, but the man didn't let him go. So the astrologer started predicting. He told the man that he was tried to
be killed and left him for dead.He agreed and told that he was finding that person to take revenge. Then the
astrologer amazed him by calling his name 'Guru Nayak'. Now the man had faith in him. The astrologer
took advantage of this chance and warned the man to leave the village soon for his safety and convince the
man to believe that the person he was searching for was dead now.
In the end, when the astrologer reached home and was talking with his wife, the secret of the story is
revealed that the person whom the man was searching is not anyone but the astrologer himself. This is the
event for that he was run away from home and became an astrologer.

MEANINGS:
Cowrie : a sea animal
Obscure : difficult to understand
mystic: Something that relates to supernatural powers and is not easily understood.
palmyra: a kind of palm
resplendent : bright, dazzling and impressive
enhanced: increased
vociferousness: being loud and noisy
dallied: wasted time just hanging around
enchantment: magical effect or charm
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bewildering: confusing, baffling
shrewd: good at judging people, clever
piqued : irritated, annoyed
impetuous : impulsive
endeared : made likeable
paraphernalia: a large number of small articles used in a particular activity or personal possession
cheroot: a cigar
jutka : horse-driven cart
disgorge: yield surrender under pressure
incantations : supposedly magical words
haggling: bargaining
gratified: pleased, satisfied
pyol : a string cot groaned
overwhelmed: over come
passer-by: a person who happens to be going past something or someone, especially on foot.
peep : to peer into something cautiously
overwhelmed : overcome
groaned : made a low sound of distress.
tilting : to move into a sloping position.
bluffing : deceiving, lying
glimpse : to see someone or something for a very short time
pies : is the plural form of pie which is a former bronze coin of India, the 12th part of an anna.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS:

1) In the story we are told that the Town Hall Park was a remarkable place in many ways for an
astrologer to build his business. List the exceptional qualities of the place from this extract.
A) The exceptional qualities of the place were:
A surging crowd, a variety of trades and occupations, like medicine sellers, sellers of stolen hardware and
junk,magicians, auctioneers of cheap cloth ,a vociferous vendor of fried groundnuts.

2) The astrologer never opened his mouth till the other had spoken for at least ten minutes. Discuss
the reasons behind his act.
A)(a) He was good at reading people.
(b) He obtained a lot of information about their lives from their talk.
(c) He could analyse their character and understand their problems.
(d) He could easily frame his statements to their satisfaction.

3) The tactics used by the astrologer to earn his wages are:

THE TACTICS

Analysis of human troubles

perception of the woes of

his customers

suitable statements that

flattered the customers

ambiguous, general
questions which could be
common to anybody

4) An astrologer’s appearance helps to create an impression on his clients. Complete the following:
A) a)The turban on his head
b)The sacred ash and vermilion on his forehead
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c)dark whiskers covering the face
d)a sparkle in his eye accompanied by an abnormal gleam

5) Read the following sentences and choose the correct one:

i) The astrologer says that if Nayak does not leave his village again, he would –
(1) return the money
(2) face danger
(3) go back home and stop looking for the man who tried to kill him
(4) not find the killer.

ii) According to the narrator, the astrologer’s success in his profession is primarily due to –
(1) luck
(2) the bargains he drives
(3) his appearance
(4) his understanding of people.

iii) The story suggests that the astrologer’s comments and observations pleased people by –
(1) promising them success and good fortune
(2) proving, as time passes, to have been true
(3) flattering them or supporting their own views
(4) helping them to learn to solve their own problems.

iv) Guru Nayak consults the astrologer because he wants to –

(1) understand the past
(2) find out who the astrologer is
(3) make some money through a bet
(4) get the answer to a specific question.

v) Guru Nayak is looking for the man who tried to kill him –
(1) to take revenge
(2) to get an apology
(3) to demand an explanation
(4) to prove that the man was unsuccessful.

vi) The astrologer’s remarks make Guru Nayak feel all of the following except –
(1) relieved
(2) suspicious
(3) impressed
(4) disappointed.

vii) Reactions of the astrologer’s wife to his news suggest that she –
(1) was unaware of his past
(2) has been worried about his safety
(3) has known him since he was young
(4) is concerned about her future with him.

6) Read the following sentences and find out the True and False sentences. Correct the False
sentences:
(a) The astrologer gave a correct prediction to the client about his past that he was stabbed, thrown into a
well and left for dead. True

(b) When the astrologer came to know that the man whom he killed is alive he felt that he was relieved of
his guilt. True

(c) The astrologer tried to back out of the deal and talked about the client’s past. False

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Corrected sentence. The astrologer struck a bargain with the client and then talked about the client’s past.

(d) The astrologer rescued himself from Guru Nayak’s revenge. True

(e) The moral of the story is that we must be responsible about what we have done and should not run away
from our mistakes.
False: Corrected sentence: The moral is that we should never believe in superstitions.

7) The astrologer had changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in the city. Give
specific reasons for this.
A) The astrologer thought that he had killed a man after a quarrel. He was afraid that he would be arrested
and jailed for this crime. Hence, to avoid detection he changed his appearance and his persona when he
arrived in the city.

8) ‘The darkness load that was inside the astrologer has disappeared’. Through this sentence, explain
the significance of the title ‘An Astrologer’s Day’.
OR
The astrologer feels relieved that Guru is not dead as it relieves a great burden from him. Critically
justify the statement and explain it.

A) The astrologer thought that he had killed a man after a quarrel. Hence he had run away from his village,
changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in the city, and become an astrologer. However, he
still felt guilty for what he had done. When he came to know that the man he thought he had killed was
actually alive, the dark load inside him disappeared, and it made his day, i.e. he felt relieved and happy.
This is the significance of the title ‘An Astrologer’s Day’.

9) The astrologer wins/gets the sympathy/ criticism of the reader in the end. Express your opinion
with the support of the main story.
A) I think I sympathize with the astrologer. He did not try to intentionally kill Guru Nayak; it had happened
in the heat of the moment. Of course, he should not have tried to run away but should have accepted
responsibility for his crime. However, he is genuinely sorry for what had happened. His words ‘a great load
is gone from me today. I thought I had the blood of a man on my hands all these years’ indicates this.
Hence, I sympathize with him and am happy that he can now live in peace.

10) Suggest some steps to eradicate superstitions and other ill practices from our society.
A) To eradicate superstitions and other ill practices from our society the first and most important step is
education. Schools and colleges must help their students to develop a scientific attitude and think logically
and rationally.
Secondly, as people in India tend to listen to their religious heads, all religious heads should send out clear
messages to their followers about the eradication of superstitions. And lastly, the older generation should
change their opinions and ideas and get rid of silly superstitious beliefs.

11) In the story, the astrologer has great listening power. Listening helps in developing good relations
with people. Express your opinion.
A) Yes, listening helps in developing good relations with people. When we listen, we indicate to the speaker
that we care about him/her and are interested in his/her problems/joys. We show that we are ready to help
him/her if necessary. We share his/ her ideas. We also realize how we can deal with people successfully by
listening to their views.

12) In the story, the astrologer, Guru Nayak and astrologer’s wife reveal their qualities through
words and actions. Pick out from the box the words that describe them and write in the appropriate
columns:

Answer:
ASTROLOGER GURU NAYAK ASTROLOGER’S WIFE
shrewd manipulative caring
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 clever gullible suspicious
smart quarrelsome protective
Sharp arrogant worried
intuitive aggressive humanistic
mystical demanding rational
cunning antagonistic
mean skeptical
Over-confident impetuous

13) An Astrologer’s Day’ has ironic elements where the astrologer pretends to have ‘supernatural
knowledge’ that coincidently turns out to be the truth. Find out an example of irony from the extract
and write it down:
A) His eyes sparkled with a sharp abnormal gleam which was really an outcome of a continual searching
look for customers, but which his simple clients took to be a prophetic light and felt comforted.
1. He knew no more of what was going to happen to others than he knew what was going to happen to
himself the next minute.
2. He was as much a stranger to the stars as were his innocent customers.
3. He said things which pleased and astonished everyone: that was more a matter of study, practice, and
shrewd guesswork.

14) Find the examples of code-mixing from the extract and write them down.
A) 1. ‘cowrie shells’, anna , rupee , cheroot , jutka

TEXTUAL GRAMMAR
1) The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position. (Rewrite beginning ‘The position
…………’)
Ans: The position of his eyes considerably enhanced their power.

2) This colour scheme never failed. (Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)

Ans: This colour scheme was always successful.

3) He had left his village without any previous thought or plan. (Rewrite using neither … nor …’)
Ans: He had left his village with neither any previous thought nor plan.

4) One or two had hissing gaslights. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Ans: hissing – adjective (present participle used as an adjective)

5. He never opened his mouth till the other had spoken for at least ten minutes. (Rewrite using ‘only’.)
Ans: He opened his mouth only after the other had spoken for at least ten minutes.
6. He looked up and saw a man standing before him. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.)
Ans: Looking up, he saw a man standing before him.

7) If I prove you are bluffing, you must return that anna to me with interest. (Pick out the clauses and state
their type.)
Ans: you must return that anna to me with interest-main clause
If I prove you are bluffing-adverb clause of condition

8) “Tell me something worthwhile.” (Identify the type of sentence.)

Ans: Imperative sentence.

9) Never travel southward again, and you will live to be a hundred. (Rewrite using ‘only if’)
Ans: You will live to be a hundred only if you never travel southward again.

10) He flung the coins at her and said “Count them. One man gave all that.” (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Ans: He flung the coins at her and instructed her to count them. He added that one man had given all of it.
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11) I will prepare some nice stuff for her. (Rewrite using the past perfect tense of the verb.)
Ans: I had prepared some nice stuff for her.

12) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
I will prepare some nice stuff for her. (preparation)
Ans: I will begin the preparation of some nice stuff for her.

13) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
The other groaned on hearing it. (heard)
Ans: The other groaned when he heard it.

14) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced. (enhancement)
Ans: There was a considerable enhancement in the power of his eyes.

15) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
He had a working analysis of mankind’s troubles. (worked)
Ans: He had an analysis of mankind’s troubles that worked.

16) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
He knew what was going to happen to himself next minute. (happening)
Ans: He knew what will be happening to himself next minute.

17) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
If you find my answers satisfactory, will you give me five rupees? (satisfaction)
Ans: If you find satisfaction in my answers, will you give me five rupees?

18) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
He shook his head regretfully. (regret)
Ans: He shook his head with regret.

19) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
It was a bewildering crisscross of light rays. (bewildered)
Ans: The crisscross of light rays was bewildered.

20) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
“I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well,” exclaimed the other,
overwhelmed by enthusiasm. (enthusiastically)
Ans: “I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well,” exclaimed the
other enthusiastically.

21) Use the word given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.
You tried to kill him. (killing)
Ans: You tried killing him.

**********************

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 EXTRACT: 1
Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Punctually at midday he opened his bag and spread out his professional equipment, which consisted of
a dozen cowrie shells, a square piece of cloth with obscure mystic charts on it, a notebook, and a
bundle of palmyra writing. His forehead was resplendent with sacred ash and vermilion, and his eyes
sparkled with a sharp abnormal gleam which was really an outcome of a continual searching look for
customers, but which his simple clients took to be a prophetic light and felt comforted. The power of
his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position placed as they were between the painted forehead
and the dark whiskers which streamed down his cheeks: even a half-wit’s eyes would sparkle in such a
setting. To crown the effect he wound a saffron-coloured turban around his head. This colour scheme
never failed. People were attracted to him as bees are attracted to cosmos or dahlia stalks. He sat under
the boughs of a spreading tamarind tree which flanked a path running through the Town Hall Park. It
was a remarkable place in many ways. A surging crowd was always moving up and down this narrow
road from morning till night. A variety of trades and occupations was represented all along its way:
medicine sellers, sellers of stolen hardware and junk, magicians, and above all, an auctioneer of cheap
cloth, who created enough din all day to attract the whole town. Next to him in vociferousness came a
vendor of fried groundnut, who gave his ware a fancy name each day, calling it “Bombay Ice Cream”
one day and on the next “Delhi Almond,” and on the third “Raja’s Delicacy,” and so on and so forth,
and people flocked to him. A considerable portion of this crowd dallied before the astrologer too. The
astrologer transacted his business by the light of a flare which crackled and smoked up above the
groundnut heap nearby. Half the enchantment of the place was due to the fact that it did not have the
benefit of municipal lighting. The place was lit up by shop lights. One or two had hissing gaslights,
some had naked flares stuck on poles, some were lit up by old cycle lamps, and one or two, like the
astrologer, managed without lights of their own. It was a bewildering crisscross of light rays and
moving honest man's labour as any other, and he deserved the wages he carried home at the end of a
day.

A1) The Town Hall Park was a remarkable place in many ways for an astrologer to build his business.
Write the exceptional qualities of the place. (2)

A2) List any four points that describe the appearance of the astrologer. (2)

A3) The groundnut vendor was beneficial to the astrologer. Explain why. (2)

A4) Describe and justify your reactions when you hear predictions about your future. (2)

A5. Language Study (Do as directed) (2)

(1) The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position. (Rewrite beginning ‘The
position...’)
(2) He sat under the boughs of a spreading tamarind tree which flanked a path. (Rewrite using the ‘ing'
form of the underlined word.)

A6. Vocabulary : (2)

Give one word from the extract for the following:

(1) difficult to understand.
(2) something that relates to supernatural powers and is not easily understood.
(3) bright, shining and impressive.
(4) moving suddenly and powerfully forward.

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 EXTRACT: 2
[Refer to the above extract for answering the questions]
Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

A1. State if the given statements are True or False. (2)

i) The astrologer used to have the preparation of his business in quite professional way.
ii) The physical appearance of the astrologer hardly created an impact on the customers.
iii) The place was busy with a variety of occupations.
iv) The astrologer's style of handling the business lies in his skills.

A2. Complete the given web. (2)

___

___ Activities of the

astrologer ___

___
A3) The astrologer was a shrewd judge of a character. Explain with some details from the extract. (2)
A4) We need to understand even the smallest details of the business in order to succeed. Write your views.
(2)
A5. Do as directed. (2)
1) It was a remarkable place in many ways.
(Choose the correct alternative to rewrite the given sentence as an exclamatory sentence)
i) It was a remarkable place in many ways!
ii) How a remarkable place in many ways it was!
iii) What a remarkable place in many ways it was!
iv) What remarkable in many ways the place it was!

2) He spread out his professional equipment, which consisted of a dozen cowrie shells.
[Choose the correct alternative to rewrite the given sentence as a compound sentence)
i) He spread out his professional equipment but it consisted of a dozen cowrie shells.
ii) He spread out his professional equipment and it consisted of a dozen cowrie shells.
iii) He spread out his professional equipment that it consisted of a dozen cowrie shells.
iv) He spread out his professional equipment and it had consisted of a dozen cowrie shells.

A6. Find the synonyms for the following words from the passage. (2)
a) confusing
b) hanging around
c) difficult to understand
d) magical effect

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 EXTRACT: 3
[Refer to the above extract for answering the questions]
Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

A.1 Choose the correct option and complete each sentence: (2)

(1) The astrologer says that if Nayak does not leave his village again, he would ...
(a) return the money
(b) not face danger
(c) go back home and stop looking for the man who tried to kill him
(d) not find the killer.

(2) Guru Nayak consults the astrologer because he wants to

(a) understand the past
(b) find out who the astrologer is
(c) make some money through a bet
(d) get the answer to a specific question.

(3) Guru Nayak is looking for the man who tried to kill him
(a) to take revenge
(b) to get an apology
(c) to demand an explanation
(d) to prove that the man was unsuccessful.

(4) The astrologer's remarks make Guru Nayak feel all of the following except ...
(a) relieved
(b) suspicious
(c) impressed
(d) disappointed.
A2. Complete the following: The astrologer told the man that : (2)
(i)....... With a knife.
(ii)............ into a well.
(iii) he had been left
(iv) he had been rescued
A.3 Complete the reasons: (2)
(1) The man was left for dead because.....
(2) The man looked gratified because...........

A4. List some methods to eradicate superstitions from society. (2)

A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)

(1) "I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well." exclaimed the other,
overwhelmed by enthusiasm. (Rewrite using an adverb in place of the underlined words.)
(2) The other groaned on hearing it. (Rewrite using 'when'.)

A6. Give one word for the following: (2)

(1) to surrender something forcefully or under pressure.
(2) a person who happens to be going past something or someone, especially on foot.
(3) a series of magical words that a person chants or sings
(4) made a low sound of distress

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 EXTRACT: 4
[Refer to the above extract for answering the questions]
A1 Read the following statements from the extract and arrange them in the sequential order as they
occur in the story. (2)
(i) Vendor of fried groundnuts gave his ware a fancy name each day.
(ii) The astrologer sat under the boughs of a spreading tamarind tree.
(iii) He was as much a stranger to the stars as were his innocent customers.
(iv) The place was lit up by shop lights.
A2 Give reasons: (2)
(i) The gleam of astrologer's eyes was enhanced because of
(ii) People always got attracted towards astrologer because
A3 Find out a proof from the extract that shows that initially the astrologer too did not know anything about
his profession. (2)
A4 You also must have visited some weekly bazar or a village fair where you must have come across such
different things as told in the extract. Describe your experience in 50 words. (2)
A5 Language study: (2)
(i) The place was lit up by the shop lights. (Rewrite your answer beginning with 'Shop lights.........)
(ii) He opened his bag and spread out his professional equipment. (Make it Simple)
A6 Vocabulary: (2)
Make two meaningful sentences by using the following words from the extract and rewrite.
(i) obscure (ii) shrewd
EXTRACT: 5
Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

"Stop," said the other. "I don't want all that. Shall I succeed in my present search or not? Answer this
and go. Otherwise I will not let you go till you disgorge all your coins."
The astrologer muttered a few incantations and replied: "All right. I will speak. But will you give me a
rupee if what I say is convincing? Otherwise I will not open my mouth, and you may do what you
like."
After a good deal of haggling, the other agreed. The astrologer said: "You were left for dead. Am I
right?" "Ah, tell me more."
"A knife has passed through you once?" said the astrologer.
"Good fellow!" He bared his chest to show the scar. "What else?"
"And then you were pushed into a well nearby in the field. You were left for dead."
"I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well," exclaimed the other
overwhelmed by enthusiasm. "When shall I get at him?" He asked, clenching his fist.
"In the next world," answered the astrologer. "He died four months ago in a far-off town. You will
never see any more of him." The other groaned on hearing it.
The astrologer proceeded: "Guru Nayak-" "You know my name!" the other said, taken aback.
"As I know all other things. Guru Nayak, listen carefully to what I have to say. Your village is two
days' journey due north of this town. Take the next train and be gone. I see once again great danger to
your life if you go from home." He took out a pinch of sacred ash and held it to him.
"Rub it on your forehead and go home. Never travel southward again, and you will live to be a
hundred."
"Why should I leave home again?" The other said reflectively. "I was only going away now and then to
look for him and to choke out his life if I met him." He shook his head regretfully. "He has escaped my
hands. I hope at least he died as he deserved."
"Yes," said the astrologer. "He was crushed under a lorry." The other looked gratified to hear it.

14
A1. Rewrite the following sentences and state whether they are True or False: (2)
(a) The name of the astrologer was Guru Nayak. (b) A passer-by had saved the other man.
(c) The astrologer took out a pinch of salt and held it to the other man. (d) A knife had passed through the
other man long ago.
A2. The other man looked gratified, because....... (Choose Two correct alter-natives from the
following): (2)
(a) His enemy was going to meet him in his own village.
(b) The astrologer told him that his enemy was crushed under a lorry.
(c) His enemy died as he deserved.
(d) His enemy was very happy and contented.
A3. The astrologer suggested the other man never to travel southward again: Guess and write the purpose
behind the astrologer's suggestion. (2)
A4. Give/express your views on the effect of superstitions. (2)
A5. Language study:
(i) He shook his head regretfully. (Choose the correct alternative to get the Present Perfect Tense
form of the given sentence.)
(a) He shakes his head regretfully.
(b) He has shaken his head regretfully.
(c) He had shaken his head regretfully.
(d) He will shake his head regretfully.
(ii) I will not open my mouth. (Choose the correct alternative to get affirmative form without
changing the meaning of the sentence.)
(a) I will not close my mouth.
(b) I will open my mouth.
(c) I will shut my mouth.
(d) I will not shut my mouth.
A6. Find and write the words which have similar meaning for the following from the extract: (2)
(a) bargaining
(b) surrender under pressure
(c) made a low sound of distress
(d) to look cautiously

EXTRACT: 6
Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

The astrologer transacted his business by the light of a flare which crackled and smoked up above the
groundnut heap nearby. Half the enchantment of the place was due to the fact that it did not have the
benefit of municipal lighting. The place was lit up by shop lights. One or two had hissing gaslights,
some had naked flares stuck on poles, some were lit up by old cycle lamps, and one or two, like the
astrologer, managed without lights of their own. It was a bewildering crisscross of light rays and
moving shadows. This suited the astrologer very well, for the simple reason that he had not in the least
intended to be an astrologer when he began life; and he knew no more of what was going to happen to
others than he knew what was going to happen to himself next minute. He was as much a stranger to
the stars as were his innocent customers. Yet he said things which pleased and astonished everyone:
that was more a matter of study, practice, and shrewd guesswork. All the same, it was as much an
honest man’s labour as any other, and he deserved the wages he carried home at the end of a day. He
had left his village without any previous thought or plan. If he had continued there he would have
carried on the work of his forefathers - namely, tilling the land, living, marrying, and ripening in his
cornfield and ancestral home. But that was not to be. He had to leave home without telling anyone, and
he could not rest till he left it behind a couple of hundred miles. To a villager it is a great deal, as if an
ocean flowed between.

A1) List four qualities of the Town Hall Park that made it a good place for the astrologer's business. (2)
A2) The way the astrologer had left the village was mysterious .Explain why. (2)
A3) Pick out two lines that tell you that the astrologer did not have any real knowledge of astrology. (2)
15
A4) Astrology is an art and can be studied. Comment. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(1) The place was lit up by shop lights. (Change the voice.)
(2) He had left his village without any previous thought or plan. (Rewrite using 'neither....nor....')
A6. Pick out two words each from the extract that: (2)
(1) indicate sound that are adjectives as well as present participles

EXTRACT: 7
Read the extract and complete the activities given below : (12 Marks)

He had a working analysis of mankind’s troubles: marriage, money, and the tangles of human ties.
Long practice had sharpened his perception. Within five minutes he understood what was wrong. He
charged three pies per question, never opened his mouth till the other had spoken for at least ten
minutes, which provided him enough stuff for a dozen answers and advices. When he told the person
before him, gazing at his palm, “In many ways you are not getting the fullest results for your efforts,”
nine out of ten were disposed to agree with him. Or he questioned “Is there any woman in your family,
maybe even a distant relative who is not well disposed towards you?” Or he gave an analysis of
character: “Most of your troubles are due to your nature. How can you be otherwise with Saturn where
he is? You have an impetuous nature and a rough exterior.” This endeared him to their hearts
immediately, for even the mildest of us loves to think that he has a forbidding exterior. The nuts vendor
blew out his flare and rose to go home. This was a signal for the astrologer to bundle up too, since it
left him in darkness except for a little shaft of green light which strayed in from somewhere and
touched the ground before him. He picked up his cowrie shells and paraphernalia and was putting them
back into his bag when the green shaft of light was blotted out. He looked up and saw a man standing
before him. He sensed a possible client and said: “You look so careworn. It will do you good to sit
down for a while and chat with me.” The other grumbled some reply vaguely. The astrologer pressed
his invitation; whereupon the other thrust his palm under his nose, saying: “You call yourself an
astrologer?”

A1. Choose the correct option and complete the following: (2)
(1) According to the narrator the astrologer's success in his profession is primarily due to ....
(a) luck b) the bargains he drives c) his appearance (d) his understanding of people
(2) The story suggests that the astrologer's comments observations please people by....
(a) promising them success and good fortune
(b) proving as time passes to have been true
(c) flattering them or supporting their own views
(d) helping them to learn to solve their own problems
(3) The signal for the astrologer to leave was when ………….
(a) the lights went off
(b) the crowd became thinner
(c) the nuts vendor blew out his flare and rose to go home
(d) the man selling medicines went home.
(4) The astrologer spoke only when.....
(a) everyone had left the place
(b) the nuts vendor went home
(c) the client's face was visible to him
(d) his client had spoken for at least ten minutes.
A2. Complete the following: (2)
The tactics used by the astrologer to earn his wages are:
(1) analysis ……………………….
(2) perception …………………..
(3) making statements………………………
(4) asking questions ……………………….

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A3. The astrologer never opened his mouth till the other had spoke for at least ten minutes. List four reasons
for this. (2)
A4. ‘Listening helps in developing good relations with people’. Express your opinion. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(1) Long practice had sharpened his perception. (Pick out the verb and state the tense)
(2) The nuts vendor blew out his flare and rose to go home. (Rewrite beginning 'Blowing out.....’)
A6. Write the adjective forms of: (2)
(1) perception (2) analysis (3) darkness (4) understood

EXTRACT: 8
Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)
The place was deserted by the time the astrologer picked up his articles and put them into his bag. The green
shaft was also gone, leaving the place in darkness and silence. The stranger had gone off into the night, after
giving the astrologer a handful of coins.
It was nearly midnight when the astrologer reached home. His wife was waiting for him at the door and
demanded an explanation. He flung the coins at her and said "Count them. One man gave all that."
"Twelve and a half annas," she said, counting. She was overjoyed. "I can buy some jaggery and coconut
tomorrow. The child has been asking for sweets for so many days now. I will prepare some nice stuff for
her."
"The swine has cheated me! He promised me a rupee," said the astrologer. She looked up at him. "You look
worried. What is wrong?"
"Nothing."
After dinner, sitting on the pyol, he told her "Do you know a great load is gone from me today? I thought I
had the blood of a man on my hands all these years. That was the reason why I ran away from home, settled
here, and married you. He is alive."
She gasped. "You tried to kill him!"
"Yes, in our village, when I was a silly youngster. We drank, gambled, and quarreled badly one day - why
think of it now? Time to sleep," he said, yawning, and stretched himself on the pyol.

A1. Correct the False sentences from those given below and rewrite them: (2)
(1) When the astrologer came to know that the man whom he killed is alive he felt that he was relieved of
his guilt.
(2) The moral of the story is that we must be responsible for what we have done and should not run away
from our mistakes.
(3) The astrologer's wife was happy with her husband's earnings.
(4) There were still large crowds in the area when the astrologer finished for the day.
A2) Describe the load that was on the astrologer's mind and the reason for it. (2)
A3) Analyse the reason why the astrologer had changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in
the city. (2)
A4) Describe, with an example, your behaviour when you know you have done something wrong. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed):
(1) His wife was waiting for him at the door and demanded an explanation. (Rewrite using 'who'.)
(2) "The swine has cheated me! He promised me a rupee," said the astrologer. (Rewrite using reported
speech.)

A6. (1) Find from the extract the antonyms of the following words: (2)
(i) light (ii) noise

(2) Give 2 examples of code-mixing from the extract.

***********************
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 1.2 : ON SAYING “PLEASE”
- A. G. Gardiner
SUMMARY:
A.G. Gardner’s essay "On Saying Please", deals with the importance of the expressions ‘Please', or thank
you', in daily social life. It settles many bitter arguments and softens harsh tempers. In this essay the writer
talks about the value of good manner in the society. To strengthen his views A.G. Gardner gives example
from his own experience. Once, a lift man throws a passenger out of the lift because the passenger did not
say "Top please". This act of the lift man is wrong because one cannot punish impoliteness with physical
violence. Hence the action of the lift man is not legally justified.
Impoliteness is not a legal offence and it cannot be treated by violence. If that can be done, the city will run
with blood all day due to violence. Though, incivility and impoliteness are not legally wrong, they are
extremely dangerous and it will affect the course of life. Bad manners are like infections. They actually do
more damage to the general life than all crime in the world. The pain caused by bodily injuries passes away
soon, but the wound caused by bad manners remains even green. Bad manners make life hellish where as
good manner make life happy and cheerful. Therefore one should use good manners and politeness in social
behaviour. The first requirement of good manners is that when one requires a service he/she should say
'Please’. When the service is made, one should gratefully say `thank you'. 'Please and 'thank you' are the
courtesies by which humans can keep the machine of life oiled and graceful. These
courtesies make life happy.
The writer narrates another personal incident. One day the writer boarded a bus. He felt that he had no
money in his pocket. The conductor did not insult him but, recognizing him a gentleman, issued him a
ticket. The writer found some money in his pocket and paid the fare. He was much impresses by the
courtesy and politeness of this conductor. A few days later the same bus conductor trawled the writer's toe.
He felt pain but the manner of the bus conductor was so pleasing that he forgot it. The writer recognised that
the conductor was a model of good manners. He had a knack of making his passengers comfortable. He was
extremely kind and considerate. With old people he was as considerate as a son, and with children as caring
as a father. He created an atmosphere of good temper and kindliness. Hence a journey with him was a
lesson in natural courtesy and good manners. He got through his work with ease
and courtesy to others.
The writer says that war has badly affected our manner. War has made people uncivil and boorish. He
advises to restore good manners to make life a happy one. One should teach moral lesson to those who are
guilty of bad manners. In this connection people should follow the example of Lord Chesterfield. During
that time London streets were without pavement. Once, Lord Chesterfield met a person in the way who said.
"I never give the wall to a scoundrel". But Lord Chesterfield replied, "I always do". This victory of Lord
Chesterfield was more lasting. He concludes the essay by stating that the lift man also might have
followed the foot of Lord Chesterfield instead of punishing the man.

MEANINGS:
Intercourse: communication, conversation
Resentment: anger
Ordeal: difficult or painful experience
Coppers: coins of low value
Cheerfully: happily
Squared: settled
Trampled on: crushed under feet
Solicitous: caring or concerned
irradiated: spread or produced
uncouth: impolite, unrefined
benediction: a blessing
conciliatory: trying to win friendly feelings
panegyric: a speech or piece of writing to praise someone highly

18
boor: a rude insensitive person
redress: to set right to remedy.
henpecked: being controlled by and frightened of one’s wife.
black eye : an area of skin around the eye that has gone dark because it has been hit.
endorse: express support
verdict: judgement
resentment: anger
calling: vocation or profession.
countenance: face.’
treading: walking on.
assured (someone) : made something certain to someone.
boor: a rude insensitive person
moral affront: a deliberate offence or insult to one’s dignity or self-respect.
lack of courtesy: discourtesy
fight with the fists: to box
uncultured: boorish
assailant: an attacker

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1) Read the text and state whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the False
statements.
(a) Bitter problems in day-to-day life can be solved by sweet words. True
(b) Great wars could have been avoided by a little courtesy. True
(c) Observance of etiquette in a normal situation is important but more important is their observance when
the situation is adverse. True
(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life uneasy. False
Ans.) Corrected sentence: Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life
uneasy.
(e) The law permits anybody to use violence, if another person is discourteous. False
Corrected sentence: The law permits anybody to use violence, if ; another person is discourteous
f. The liftman invited the passenger into the lift. False
Corrected Sentence : The liftman threw the passenger out of the lift.
g. If you knock down a burglar, the law will acquit you. True
h. There is no legislation against bad manners. True
i. The complainant had to pay a fine. False
Corrected Sentence: The liftman had to pay a fine.

2) Select the most appropriate sentences which suggest the theme of the essay.
(a) The essay tells us about courtesy, civility, morality, responsibility and control.
(b) The essay explores the difficulties that can be incurred by an individual when dealing with the public.
(c) One can keep one’s peace of mind without having to lower themselves to the level of the perceived
offender.
(d) People with low self-esteem are generally difficult to work with and they look down upon others to get a
feeling of superiority.
Ans) (a) The essay tells us about courtesy, civility, morality, responsibility and control.
(c) One can keep one’s peace of mind without having to lower themselves to the level of the
perceived offender.

3) Explain what the liftman wanted the passenger to do, and what happened afterwards.
Ans: The passenger, on entering the lift, said ‘Top’. The liftman wanted him to say ‘Top please’. The
passenger refused to do so. The liftman, instead of taking him to the top floor, threw him out of the lift.

19
4. Who said to whom:

The words Who Said To Whom When

1. “I haven’t a copper The narrator The conductor When the conductor and the narrator
on me.” found that he had left home.
2. “Oh, you’ll see me The conductor The narrator When the narrator address) he could
some day alright.” send the borrowed asked where (to
which money.
3. “Where shall I send The narrator The conductor When the narrator wanted to repay the
the fare?” ticket money to the conductor.
The conductor The narrator When the narrator explained that he
4. “Where do you want
did not have any money on him, and
to go?”
the conductor.

5) Find the reasons for the liftman’s uncivilized behaviour.

A) Reasons for the liftman’s uncivilized behaviour when the passenger was rude and ill-mannered towards
him:
He was acutely hurt by the slur cast by the passenger on his social status
The passenger’s discourtesy was a wound to his self-respect
He felt insulted by the passenger’s discourtesy.

6) Discuss and Write the impact of good temper and kindliness on society in the light of the good-
mannered conductor.
A) The conductor was always cheerful and kind-hearted to everyone in the bus. This spread to his
passengers and they too became cheerful and good-humored. They would naturally pass on this feeling after
getting off the bus. Thus, in society, if people are good-tempered, cheerful and kind, it will spread to others
and they too will start behaving in a similar manner. This will lead to a happy and compassionate society.

7) ‘A modest calling can be made dignified by good temper and kindly feeling’. Explain the statement
with examples.
A) This means that whatever career or job one has, however simple or modest, it can be made more
dignified by behaving in a good- tempered and cheerful manner and with kindliness towards the people one
comes in contact with. For example, even a simple job like that of a security guard at a mall can be made
pleasant and dignified if the guard smiles and says ‘Thank you’ or ‘Good morning’ every time he/she
checks a person.
A sweeper’s job can also be made more dignified if he/she just nods and smiles at passers-by or helps them
if they are in need.
8) The service of the police is necessary for the implementation of law in our society. Do you think you
require this service for a good social environment? Discuss and write.
A) No, we cannot have the police monitoring us for social and moral offences. For example, one cannot be
punished if one refuses to smile at an acquaintance or say Thank you’. One cannot be punished if one
doesn’t hold the door open for the person who is following.
These are good manners, or courtesy, and they have to be taught right from childhood, and they will change
in different cultures and different circumstances. Whether a person follows them or not depends on the
individual. However, if these little courtesies are followed, life will become much simpler and more
pleasant for everyone.

9) List the people and their behavior that made the passenger rude and ill-mannered.The behaviour
of the people who made the passenger rude and ill-mannered:
Ans: 1) housemaid is rude to the cook
2)cook is therefore very rude to the passenger’s employer’s wife.
3) employer is henpecked by his wife at breakfast
4) employer does not say ‘Good morning’ to passenger
5) passenger is rude and ill-mannered towards the lift man
6) liftman throws passenger out of the lift.
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10) State the qualities of the conductor.
Cheerful , Considerate , Patient , Solicitous , Polite , good-tempered , good- natured , kind ,Cheerful
11) Explain what the liftman wanted the passenger to do, and what happened afterwards.
Ans. The passenger, on entering the lift, said ‘Top’. The liftman wanted him to say ‘Top please’. The
passenger refused to do so. The liftman, instead of taking him to the top floor, threw him out of the lift.
12) Explain the sentence: The pain of a kick on the shins soon passes away but the pain of a wound to
our self-respect or our vanity may poison a whole day.
Ans. This means that if we are physically attacked i and injured, the pain of the wounds will soon heal and
be forgotten. But if our self-respect or pride is hurt, it may poison our lives and behaviour for a much longer
time.
13) It is not possible for the law to become the guardian of our private manners. Explain.
Ans: The area of moral offences is quite vast and no laws or commandments can cover this area. In
addition, social civilities, speech and manners are of so many types and the interpretation of these (whether
they are good or bad) is so different that no court could administer a law which governed them. Hence, it is
not possible for the law to become the guardian of our private manners.
14) Mention a couple of ways to keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly.
Ans. We can keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly by using courteous words like ‘Please’ and
‘Thank you’ to acknowledge a service.
15) Write the narrator’s opinion about how the liftman should have dealt with the passenger’s
uncivility. Give reasons for the same.
Ans. In the opinion of the writer, the liftman, instead of throwing the passenger out of the lift, should have
treated him with elaborate politeness. He would have then had the victory not only over the rude passenger,
but also over himself, and that was the spiritual victory that was more important. His revenge would then
have been more subtle and effective.

16) Name the ‘unpleasant specimen’ mentioned in the extract and describe his behaviour.
Ans. The ‘unpleasant specimen’ mentioned in the extract is the type of bus conductor who regards his
passengers as natural enemies whose chief purpose on the bus is to cheat him, and who can only be kept
honest by using a loud voice and an aggressive manner.
17) Describe the stale old trick, according to the conductor.
Ans. Pretending that you have forgotten your purse at home, and hence do not have the fare for the ticket is
a stale old trick, according to the conductor. (The conductor does not say this the narrator only imagines that
he may do so.)
18) Describe the reactions of the bus conductor.
Ans. No, the conductor did not think that the narrator was dishonest. He cheerfully accepted what the
narrator said without doubting him and offered him a free ticket.
19) Describe the experience which made the narrator comfortable in the bus.
Ans.The conductor had trampled on the narrator’s sensitive toe, causing him pain and agony. However, the
conductor had then explained matters and apologized so profusely that the narrator forgot his pain and
anger. After this experience, the narrator always observed his constant good nature and cheerful behaviour
with pleasure and felt comfortable in his presence.
20) Describe the narrator’s justification of his praise of the conductor.
Ans. The narrator says that if the famous poet Wordsworth could gain wisdom from a poor leech-gatherer,
he sees no reason why ordinary people should not take lessons on conduct from a bus conductor, who shows
how a modest job can be made more dignified by behaving in a good-tempered and cheerful manner and
with kindliness towards the people one comes in contact with.
Personal Response:
1) Describe a person you have come across who is always polite and helpful. What do you think about
him/her?
Ans. The security guard of our building is always polite and helpful. He will help senior citizens get in and
out of their cars or into the lift; he will help any person who has heavy bags. He also replies politely to any

21
question asked by anyone. We all like him very much and often share our chocolates and biscuits with him.
We also give him books, stationery and toys for his little child.
2) Describe a pleasant/unpleasant experience you have had with a bus conductor.
Ans. This is an experience I had when I was new to Mumbai. I got into a bus and asked the conductor for a
ticket to Dadar. The conductor shook his head and told me that I had got into the bus going in the wrong
direction. He patiently explained that I would have to get off at the next stop, cross the road, and catch a bus
having the same number but going in the opposite direction. He even pointed out the bus stop to me.
Though I felt a bit embarrassed, I thanked him for his kindness.
3) Give your opinion about the conductor’s behaviour.
Ans.The conductor was really a good and kind human being who saw the best in everyone and believed
everyone. He was ready to pay the fare for the narrator’s ticket himself, even though he was not sure
whether it would be returned. It is difficult to find such generous and helpful people in the world today, and
it leaves a very pleasant feeling in the heart when you do.

Language Study:
1) The law does not compel me to say ‘Please’. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Ans. Does the law compel me to say ‘Please’?
2) It was a question of ‘Please’. (Add a question tag.)
Ans. It was a question of ‘Please’, wasn’t it?
3) It will permit me to retaliate with reasonable violence. (Pick out the finite and non-finite verbs.)
Ans. will permit – finite verb;
to retaliate – non-finite verb (infinitive)
4) The pain of a wound to our self-respect may poison a whole day. (Pick out the auxiliary and state its
function.)
Ans. may – possibility
5) For there are few things more catching than bad temper. (Write the part of speech of the underlined
word.)
Answer: Gerund
6) Bad manners probably do more to poison the stream of general life than all the crimes in the calendar.
(Rewrite in the present perfect tense.)
Ans. Bad manners have done probably more to poison the stream of general life than all the crimes in the
calendar.
7) There is a social practice much older and much more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil.
(Rewrite using ‘not only … but also’)
Ans. There is a social practice not only much older but also much more sacred than any law which enjoins
us to be civil.
8) Most people will have a certain sympathy with him. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined
word.)
Ans. Most people will sympathize with him.
9) Here and there you will meet an unpleasant specimen who regards the passengers as his natural enemies.
(Replace the verb in the future tense with a modal auxiliary showing possibility.)
Ans. Here and there you might meet an unpleasant specimen who regards the passengers as his natural
enemies.
10) I had left home without any money in my pocket. (Pick out the verb and state the tense.)
Ans. had left-past perfect tense.
11) I know that stale old trick. (Rewrite beginning ‘That stale old trick ’.)
Ans. That stale old trick is known to me.
12) I said it was very kind of him. (Identify the clauses.)
Ans. I said – main clause
it was very kind of him – subordinate noun clause
13) I began to observe him whenever I boarded his bus. (Pick out the subordinate clause and state the
type.)
Ans. subordinate clause – whenever I boarded his bus; adverb clause of time.

22
14) He seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of patience and a gift for making his passengers comfortable.
(Rewrite using ‘as well as…’)
Ans.He seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of patience as well as a gift for making his passengers
comfortable.
15. In lightening their spirits he lightened his own task. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined
word.)
Ans. When he lightened their spirits he lightened his own task.
16) A very modest calling may be dignified by good temper and kindly feeling. (Rewrite as an
interrogative sentence.)
Ans. Can’t a very modest calling be dignified by good temper and kindly feeling?
17) “I never give the wall to a scoundrel,” said a man who met Chesterfield one day in the street. “I always
do,” said Chesterfield, stepping with a bow into the road. (Rewrite using reported speech.)
Ans: A man who met Chesterfield one day in the street said that he never gave the wall to a scoundrel.
Chesterfield, stepping with a bow into the road, replied that he always did.
18) The polite man may lose the material advantage, but he always has the spiritual victory. (Rewrite
beginning ‘Though’)
Ans. Though the polite man may lose the material advantage, he always has the spiritual victory.

EXTRACT: 1
Q. 1. Read the extract and complete the activities given below (12 Marks)
The young lift-man in a City office who threw a passenger out of his lift the other morning and was
fined for the offence was undoubtedly in the wrong. It was a question of “Please.” The complainant
entering the lift, said, “Top.” The lift-man demanded “Top-please,” and this concession being refused
he not only declined to comply with the instruction, but hurled the passenger out of the lift. This, of
course was carrying a comment on manner too far. Discourtesy is not a legal offence, and it does not
excuse assault and battery. If a burglar breaks into my house and I knock him down, the law will acquit
me, and if I am physically assaulted, it will permit me to retaliate with reasonable violence. It does this
because the burglar and my assailant have broken quite definite commands of the law. But no legal
system could attempt to legislate against bad manners, or could sanction the use of violence against
something which it does not itself recognize as a legally punishable offence. And our sympathy with
the liftman, we must admit that the law is reasonable. It would never do if we were at liberty to box
people’s ears because we did not like their behaviour, or the tone of their voices, or the scowl on their
faces. Our fists would never be idle, and the gutters of the city would run with blood all day.
I may be as uncivil as I may please and the law will protect me against violent retaliation. I may be
haughty or boorish and there is no penalty to pay except the penalty of being written down an ill-
mannered fellow. The law does not compel me to say “Please” or to attune my voice to other people’s
sensibilities any more than it says that I shall not wax my moustache or dye my hair or wear ringlets
down my back. It does not recognize the laceration of our feelings as a case for compensation. There is
no allowance for moral and intellectual damages in these matters.

A1. From the sentences given below, rewrite the false sentence correctly: (2)
(i) The liftman invited the passenger into the lift.
(ii) If you knock down a burglar, the law will acquit you.
(iii) There is no legislation against bad manners.
(iv) The complainant had to pay a fine.
A2. Explain what the liftman wanted the passenger to do, and the immediate consequences. (2)
A3. Choose the words from the box given below and complete the table, on the basis of
the given text. (2)
Discourtesy. Violence, Assault and battery. Haughtiness

Legal Offence Moral Offence

Burglary Rude behaviour
_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________
23
A4. Have you come across a person who is always polite and helpful? Describe him/her and your reactions
to him/her. (2)
A5. Language Study (2)
(i) If I am physically assaulted, the law will permit me to retaliate with reasonable violence. (Pick out verb
in the future tense.)
(ii) There is no penalty to pay except the penalty of being written down an ill-mannered fellow. (Rewrite
using only.)
A6. Give the antonyms of the following words using prefixes: (2)
(i) courtesy (ii legal (iii) violence (iv) civil

EXTRACT : 2
[Refer to the above extract for answering the questions] (12 Marks)
A1. Read the following statements and pick out the statement which expresses the intention of the
writer. (2)
i) There is an importance of good manners and civility.
ii) The wound on one’s self-respect is more painful than physical wound.
iii) One needs to be courteous with a liftman.
iv) Strict laws can civilize people.

A2. Pick out some examples of behaviour from the extract that are not punishable under
law. (Any four) (2)
A3. “The passenger damaged the liftman’s self- respect”. Support your answer with some facts from the
extract. (2)
A4. What if- ‘Discourtesy is a legal offence?’ Write your response in about 30 words. (2)

A5. Language Study: (2)

1) If I am physically assaulted, it will permit me to retaliate. (Choose correct alternative to use
‘unless’)
i. Unless I am physically assaulted, it will permit me to retaliate.
ii. Unless I am physically assaulted, it would not permit me to retaliate.
iii. Unless I am physically assaulted, it will not permit me to retaliate.
iv. Unless I am not physically assaulted, it will not permit me to retaliate.

2) The law will protect me against violent retaliation. (Choose correct alternative to use a modal
auxiliary showing ‘obligation’)
i. The law can protect me against violent retaliation.
ii. The law could protect me against violent retaliation.
iii. The law may protect me against violent retaliation.
iv. The law must protect me against violent retaliation.

A6. Find out the words from the passage which mean the following: (2)
i. lack of courtesy ii. fight with the fists iii. uncultured iv. an attacker

EXTRACT : 3
Q. 3. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

This does not mean that the damages are negligible. It is probable that the lift-man was much more
acutely hurt by what he regarded as a slur upon his social standing than he would have been if he had a
kick on the shins, for which he could have got a legal redress. The pain of a kick on the shins soon
passes away but the pain of a wound to our self-respect or our vanity may poison a whole day. I can
imagine that lift-man, denied the relief of throwing the author of his wound out of the lift, brooding
over the insult by the hour, and visiting his wife in the evening as the only way of restoring his
equilibrium. For there are few things more catching than bad temper and bad manners. When Sir
Anthony Absolute bullied Captain Absolute, the latter went out and bullied his man, Fag, whereupon
Fag went out downstairs and kicked the pageboy. Probably the man who said “Top” to the lift-man was
24
really only getting back on his employer who had not said “Good morning” to him because he himself
had been henpecked at breakfast by his wife, to whom the cook had been insolent because the
housemaid had “answered her back”. We infect the world with our ill-humours. Bad manners probably
do more to poison the stream of the general life than all the crimes in the calendar. For one wife who
gets a black eye from an otherwise good natured husband there are a hundred who live a life of
martyrdom under the shadow of a morose temper. But all the same the law cannot become the guardian
of our private manners. No Decalogue could cover the vast area of offences and no court could
administer a law which governed our social civilities, our speech, the tilt of our eyebrows and all our
moods and manners.

A1. List the people who probably made the passenger rude and ill-mannered. (2)

A2. List any two reasons for the liftman's uncivilized behavior. (2)

A3. “It not possible for the law to become the guardian of our private manners”. Give reasons based on the
extract. (2)

A4. The service of the police is necessary for the implementation of law in our society. Do you think you
require this service for good social environment? Justify your answer. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)

(1) We infect the world with our ill-humours. (Add a question tag.)
(2) For there are few things more catching than bad temper. (Rewrite as a negative sentence)
A6. Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B: (2)
A B
i) redress a) unhappy
ii) ) insolent b) remedy
iii) morose c) threatened
iv) bullied d) extremely rude

EXTRACT: 4
Q. 4. Read the extract and complete the activities given below (12 Marks)
I have missed him from my bus route of late; but I hope that only means that he has carried his
sunshine on to another road. It cannot be too widely diffused in a rather drab world. And I make no
apologies for writing a panegyric on an unknown bus conductor. If Wordsworth could gather lessons of
wisdom from the poor leech gatherer ‘on the lonely moor’, I see no reason why lesser people should
not take lessons in conduct from one who shows how a very modest calling may be dignified by good-
temper and kindly feeling.
It is a matter of general agreement that the war has had a chilling effect upon those little everyday
civilities of behaviour that sweeten the general air. We must get those civilities back if we are to make
life kindly and tolerable for each other. We cannot get them back by invoking the law. The policeman
is a necessary symbol and the law is a necessary institution for a society that is still somewhat lower
than the angels. But the law can only protect us against material attack. Nor will the lift-man’s way of
meeting moral affront by physical violence help us to restore the civilities. I suggest to him, that he
would have had a more subtle and effective revenge if he had treated the gentleman who would not say
“Please” with elaborate politeness. He would have had the victory, not only over the boor, but over
himself, and that is the victory that counts. The polite man may lose the material advantage, but he
always has the spiritual victory. I commend to the lift-man a story of Chesterfield. In his time the
London streets were without the pavements of today, and the man who “took the wall” had the driest
footing. “I never give the wall to a scoundrel,” said a man who met Chesterfield one day in the street.
“I always do,” said Chesterfield, stepping with a bow into the road. I hope the lift-man will agree that
his revenge was much more sweet than if he had flung the fellow into the mud.

25
A1. Complete the following: (2)

(1) A modest career can be made dignified by........

(2) The law can only protect us against …………………………
(3) The narrator says he does not want to apologise for …………………….
(4) A man who is polite may lose material advantage but.................
A2.Describe how, in the narrator's opinion, the liftman should have dealt with the passenger's uncivility and
why? (2)
A3. Describe the narrator's justification of his praise of the bus conductor. (2)
A4. A modest calling can be made dignified by good temper and kindly feeling. Explain the statement with
examples of your own. (2)
A5. Language Study (2)

(1) A very modest calling may be dignified by good temper and kindly feeling (Rewrite as a rhetorical
question.)
(2) The polite man may lose the material advantage, but he always has the spiritual victory. (Rewrite
beginning ‘Though......’)

A6. Write the meaning of the given phrase and use it in your own sentence: (2)
(i) lower than the angels .
EXTRACT: 5
Q.5. Read the given extract and complete the activity given below: (12Marks)

I should like to "feature" in this connection my friend, the polite conductor. By this discriminating title I
do not intend to suggest a rebuke to conductors generally. On the contrary, I am disposed to think that
there are few classes of men who come through the ordeal of a very trying calling better than bus
conductors do. Here and there you will meet an unpleasant specimen who regards the passengers as his
natural enemies - as creatures whose chief purpose on the bus is to cheat him, and who can only be kept
reasonably honest by a loud voice and an aggressive manner, But this type is rare - rarer than it used to
be. I fancy the public owes much to the Underground Railway Company, which also runs the buses, for
insisting on a certain standard of civility in its servants and taking care that standard is observed. In doing
this it not only makes things pleasant for the travelling public, but performs an important social service.

It is not, therefore, with any feeling of unfriendliness to conductors as a class that I pay a tribute to a
particular member of that class. I first became conscious of his existence one day when I jumped on to a
bus and found that I had left home without any money in my pocket. Everyone has had the experience and
knows the feeling, the mixed felling, which the discovery arouses. You are annoyed because you look like
a fool at the best and like a knave at the worst. You would not be at all surprised if the conductor eyed
you coldly as much as to say, "Yes, I know that stale old trick. Now then, off you get." And even if the
conductor is a good fellow and lets you down easily, you are faced with the necessity of going back, and
the inconvenience, perhaps, of missing your train or your engagement.

Having searched my pockets in vain for stray coppers, and having found was utterly penniless. I told the
conductor with as honest a face as I could assume that I couldn't pay the fare, and must go back for
money. "Oh you needn't get off: that's all right," said he. "All right," said I. "but I haven't a copper on
me." "Oh, I'll book you through." he replied. "Where d'ye want to go?" and he handled his bundle of
tickets with the air of a man who was prepared to give me a ticket for anywhere from the Bank to Hong
Kong.

A1. State whether the following statements are True or False and rewrite the false statement after
correcting it. (2)
(i) Bitter problems in day-to-day life can be solved by sweet words.
(ii) The narrator feels that the public does not owe much to the Underground Railway

26
(iii) Sometimes we get angry on ourselves when we look like a fool at the best and like a dishonest person at
the worst.
(iv) The narrator searched his pockets thoroughly and finally found few pennies to buy the tickets.

A2 Describe the situation that made the writer 'feature' the polite conductor. (2)

A3 Completion Activity: (2)

(i) Some bus conductors use a loud voice and aggressive manner _____________
(ii) According to the conductor the stale old trick is _______________
A4 Suggest some ways to encourage people to adopt civil behaviour. (2)

A5 Language study: (2)

(i) I pay tribute to a particular member of that class. (Rewrite your answer beginning with 'A
tribute................)
(ii) I couldn't pay the fare. (Use 'be able to' and rewrite)

A6 Vocabulary: (2)

(intend, aggressive, existence, stray, necessity, inconvenience)

(i) Sudden closure of the road created a lot of ______________ to the pedestrians.
(ii) In this modern world of science and technology many people disbelieve in the ____________best of
God.
(iii) Next year my friend _______________to buy an Apple IPad.
(iv) Some business minded people feel _____________ marketing is one of the best method of selling their
products.

EXTRACT: 6
Q.6. Read the given extract and complete the activity given below: (12 Marks)

But though we are bound to endorse the verdict against the lift-man, most people will have a certain
sympathy with him. While it is true that there is no law that compels us to say "Please", there is a social
practice much older and much more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil. And the first
requirement of civility is that we should acknowledge a service. "Please" and “Thank you" are the small
change with which we pay our ways as social beings. They are the little courtesies by which we keep the
machine of life oiled and running sweetly. They put our intercourse upon the basis of a friendly co-
operation, an easy give-and-take, instead of on the basis of superiors dictating to inferiors. It is a very
vulgar mind that would wish to command where he can have the service for asking, and have it with
willingness and good-feeling instead of resentment.

I should like to "feature" in this connection my friend, the polite conductor. By this discriminating title I
do not intend to suggest a rebuke to conductors generally. On the contrary, I am disposed to think that
there are few classes of men who come through the ordeal of a very trying calling better than bus
conductors do. Here and there you will meet an unpleasant specimen who regards the passengers as his
natural enemies - as creatures whose chief purpose on the bus is to cheat him, and who can only be kept
reasonably the honest by a loud voice and an aggressive manner. But this way type is rare - rarer than it
used to be. I fancy the public owes much to the Underground Railway Company, which also runs the
buses, for insisting on a certain standard of civility in its servants and taking care that standard is
observed. In doing this it not only makes things pleasant for the travelling public, but performs an
important social service.

27
A1. Match the columns and write the complete sentences: (2)

A B
i The first requirement of civility is that (a) insists that their employees are civil.
ii The Underground Railway Company (b) is very difficult and sometimes painful.
iii The words which make life smooth (c) we should acknowledge a service.
iv The job of a bus conductor (d) are please' and 'thank you'.

A2. Complete the following: (2)

(1) We can keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly by _____________

(2) The public owes much to the Underground Railway Company because ……………….
A3. Discuss the 'unpleasant specimen' mentioned in the extract. (2)

A4. Describe a pleasant/unpleasant experience you have had while travelling by bus. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)

(1) Here and there you will meet an unpleasant specie (Rewrite using the antonym of the underlined
word without changing the meaning of the sentence.)
(2) There is a social practice much older and much more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil.
(Rewrite using 'not only...but also...)
A6. Find out the meaning of the phrase "give and take and use it in your own sentence. (2)

EXTRACT: 7
Q.7. Read the given extract and complete the activity given below: (12 Marks)

It is not, therefore, with any feeling of unfriendliness to conductors as a class that I pay a tribute to a
particular member of that class. I first became conscious of his existence one day when I jumped on to a
bus and found that I had left home without any money in my pocket. Everyone has had the experience and
knows the feeling, are the mixed feeling, which the discovery arouses. You are annoyed because you look
like a fool at the best and like a knave at the worst. You would not be at all surprised if the conductor
eyed you coldly as much as to say, "Yes, I know that stale old trick. Now then, off you get." And even if
the conductor is a good fellow and lets you down easily, you are faced with the necessity of going back,
and the inconvenience, perhaps, of missing your train or your engagement.
Having searched my pockets in vain for stray coppers, and having found I was utterly penniless, I told the
conductor with as honest a face as I could assume that I couldn't pay the fare, and must go back for
money. "Oh you needn't get off: that's all right," said he. "All right," said I, "but I haven't a copper on
me." "Oh, I'll book you through," he replied. "Where d'ye want to go?" and he handled his bundle of
tickets with the air of a man who was prepared to give me a ticket for anywhere from the Bank to Hong
Kong. I said it was very kind of him, and told him where I wanted to go, and as he gave me the ticket I
said, "But where shall I send the fare?" "Oh, you'll see me some day all right," he said cheerfully, he
turned to go. And then, luckily, my fingers, still wandering in the corner of my pockets lighted on a
shilling and the account was squared. But that fact did not lessen the glow of pleasure which so good-
natured an action had given me.

A1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the brackets. (2)
i) The author finally w the money for the ticket. (found/did not find)
ii) The author thought he had left home.....…... any money. (with/without)
iii)The conductor ......... the author a ticket. (gave/did not give)
(iv) The author was with the conductor. (pleased/displeased)

28
2. Complete the following: (2)
Who said the following words, and in what context:
(i) haven't a copper on me."
(ii) "On, you'll see me some day alright."
A3. Explain the meaning of the expression 'stale old trick' in context. (2)
A4. ‘The conductor was a good human being.' Discuss. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(i) I know that stale old trick. (Rewrite using 'which'.)
(ii) Everyone has had the experience and knows the feeling. (Pick out the verbs and state the tense.)

A6. Find out two words with prefixes and two with suffixes from the extract and write them down. (2)

EXTRACT: 8
Q.8. Read the given extract and complete the activity given below: (12 Marks)

A few days after, my most sensitive toe was trampled on rather heavily as I sat reading on the top of a
bus. I looked up with some anger and more agony, and saw my friend of the cheerful countenance.
"Sorry, sir," he said. "I know these are heavy boots. Got' em because my own feet get trod on so much,
and now I'm treading on other people's hope I didn't hurt you, sir." He had hurt me but he was so nice
about it that I assured him he hadn't. After this I began to observe him whenever I boarded his bus, and
found a curious pleasure in the constant good-nature of his bearing. He seemed to have an inexhaustible
fund of patience and a gift for making his passengers comfortable. I noticed that if it was raining he would
run up the stairs to give someone the tip that there was "room inside". With old people he was as
considerate as a son, and with children as solicitous as a father. He had evidently a peculiarly warm place
in his heart for young people, and always indulged in some merry jest with them. If he had a blind man on
board it was not enough to set him down safely on the pavement. He would call to Bill
in front to wait while he took him across the road or round the corner, or otherwise safely on his way. In
short, I found found that he irradiated such an atmosphere of good-temper and kindliness that a journey
with him was a lesson in natural courtesy and good manners.
What struck me particularly was the ease with which he got through his work. If bad manners are
infectious, so also are good manners. If we encounter incivility most of us are apt become uncivil, but it is
an unusually uncouth person who can be disagreeable with sunny people. It is with manners as with the
weather. "Nothing clears up my spirits like a fine day," said Keats, and a cheerful person descends on
even the gloomiest of us with win something of the benediction of a fine day. And so it was always fine
weather on the polite conductor's bus, and his own civility, his conciliatory address and good-humoured
bearing, infected his passengers. In lightening their spirits he lightened his own task. His gaiety was not a
wasteful luxury, but a sound investment.

A1. Complete the web by choosing the correct words from the bracket that describe the conductor:
(mean, cheerful, considerate, grumpy, patient, solicitous, impatient, hungry) (2)

______

_______
Qualities of ______
conductor

_______

29
A2. Complete the table, illustrating the behaviour of the polite conductor with different people in
various situations. (2)

Situation Behaviour

i The writer's sensitive toe was trampled on ______________

ii In the rainy season dealing with people ______________
iii Dealing with old people ______________
iv Dealing with children ______________

A3. Describe the experience that made the writer comfortable in the bus. (2)

A4. Write the impact of good temper and kindliness on society in the light of the good-mannered
conductor. (2)

A5. Language Study: (2)

(1) He seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of patience and a gift for making his passengers comfortable.
(Rewrite using 'as well as...')

(2) In lightening their spirits he lightened his own task. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined
word.)
A6. Write the meanings of the following words : (2)

(i) countenance (ii) treading (iii) assured (someone) (iv) benediction.

*********************

30
 1.3: THE COP AND THE ANTHEM
- O ‘Henry

Introduction
This is the story of Soapy, a vagabond with a criminal background. Homeless as he is, he goes around the
city with a mission to get arrested. What makes Soapy amusing is that his situation is both pitiable and
laughable at the same time. The story presents an amusing account of his many attempts and ends on an
ironical note as fate plays a mean trick on poor Soapy.
Soapy’s Mission
Soapy has no home and lives on a bench in a park. In order to secure a safe and warm place to spend his
winter months, he devices a clever plan. He takes a walk through the city in order to cause some trouble and
get arrested for it. An arrest would guarantee him a prison cell and some food, which would be better than
freezing to death on a park bench.
Soapy’s Attempts to Get Arrested
Soapy begins by trying to get entry into a luxurious cafe. He plans to eat heartily and hopes to get arrested
for non-payment of the bill. But even before he can put his plan into action, he is denied entry into the cafe
because of the poor state of his clothes.
He then attempts a second mischief. He breaks the glass window of a crockery store and stands there
expecting a policeman. But the policeman does not suspect him to have broken the glass and follows
someone else instead.
Dismayed at the failure of two attempts, he tries a third time. He eats a meal of beefsteak, doughnuts and pie
at a modest restaurant. He is only thrown out but not turned into a police station for his inability to pay the
bill. Soapy’s fourth attempt involves him yelling at the top of his voice on a sidewalk. This attempt to draw
attention to himself fails as well. The policeman dismisses him as a random lad.
Soapy tries a fifth time. This time he pretends to be stealing a silk umbrella resting outside a cigar store. He
hopes to get caught by the umbrella owner and turned to the police. But his luck proves bad here as well
because the man admits that he himself picked the umbrella from a restaurant and thinks Soapy is its
rightful owner.
The Anthem and Soapy’s Self-Realisation
Dismayed at so many failed attempts, the vagabond makes his way back to the bench which is his only
home. On his way, he passes by a church and the organ music sound makes him stop. The notes of the
Sabbath Anthem bring back memories of his family, friends and his past life.
The anthem, thus, induces a sudden positive change in him. He thinks of how he tumbled into this life of
degradation and aimlessness. At this moment of self-realisation, he resolves to begin his life afresh. He
abandons all his plans to go to the prison. Just when the poor, homeless man is all determined to change for
good and be a better man, a cop arrives and an argument ensues between them.
Conclusion
At the end, Soapy is sentenced to three months of imprisonment for loitering and misbehaving. But this
happens at a time when he had resolved to begin anew. Soapy’s life is one that is full of irony. The
meanings of confinement and freedom are totally different for a homeless man like Soapy.
The prison does not curtail his freedom but guarantees safety, warmth and food. His story ends on a similar
ironical note as when he understands the true meaning of freedom and purposefulness, he is dumped into a
prison cell.

Meanings:
winter island: prison.
eye fell upon : saw or noticed
napery: table linen.
betook: to cause oneself to go.
brass buttons: the police.
disconsolate: very unhappy
sauntered: walked in a relaxed manner
31
raved: spoke wildly
rendered: made
strolled : walked in a leisurely way
ignoble : dishonourable
decadent : old and worn out
coveted : greatly desired
limbo: border place between heaven and hell
agitatedly: in a troubled or nervous manner
callous: very hard
pitched: threw
elusive : difficult to find, catch or achieve
rendered : made
twirled : turned something quickly round and round
sneered : gave a contemptuous or mocking smile, remark or tone
larceny: theft of personal property
premonition: a strong feeling that something is about to happen, especially something unpleasant
blonde: a person with pale yellow hair
turmoil: a state of great disturbance
quaint: attractively unusual or old fashioned
rambling: spreading or winding irregularly in various directions
gabled: constructed with gables (the triangular upper part of a wall at the end of a ridged roof)
Sabbath: a day of religious observance and abstinence from work kept by Jews and Christians
convulsions: coils or twists
immaculate: perfectly clean and tidy
mire: complicated or unpleasant situation from which it is difficult to free oneself
resurrect: restore to life
faltering: losing strength
anthem: a rousing or uplifting song

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q.1.Find out the different ways in which Soapy tried to get arrested.
A) (a) Tried to enter a luxurious cafe
(b)Threw a stone at a shop’s window
(c) Ate food at a modest restaurant and announced that he had no money to pay the bill
(d) Yelled drunken gibberish at the top of his voice on seeing a policeman
(e) Walked away with another man’s silk umbrella
Q 2 .Describe the atmosphere when Soapy reached near the Church.
(a) A soft light glowed through the violet-stained window.
(b) An organist played the organ, rehearsing for the upcoming Sabbath.
(c) The full and radiant moon was above.
(d) There were only a few vehicles and pedestrians around.

Q.3.Give reasons and complete the following:

1) Soapy had confidence in himself because ________.
A)Soapy had confidence in himself because he was shaven, his coat was trim and he was wearing a
neat, black bow which had been presented to him by a lady missionary on Thanksgiving Day.
2)The head waiter of the luxurious café did not allow Soapy to enter because ___________.
A) The head waiter of the luxurious café did not allow Soapy to enter because he happened to see
that Soapy was wearing tattered trousers and decadent shoes.
3) Soapy took a stone because _______.
A) Soapy took a stone because he wanted to break the glass of the shop window. This would result in a
policeman arresting him for this act, and he would be imprisoned for the winter, which was exactly what he
wanted.

32
4)The cop did not arrest Soapy for breaking the glass window because _______.
A) The cop did not arrest Soapy for breaking the glass window because he believed that men who
smash windows don’t wait around to chat with the police; they run off immediately.

5) The cop did not arrest Soapy for shouting and dancing because ___________
Ans) The cop did not arrest Soapy for shouting and dancing because it was the time of celebrations for the
local college boys. They were generally noisy but harmless, and he had been told by his superiors to let
them be.

6) Soapy was angry because _____________

Ans) Soapy was angry because when he wanted to fall into the clutches of the policemen. In order to be
arrested, they seemed to regard him as a king who could do nothing wrong.

7) The umbrella man did not call a policeman because ____________

Ans) The umbrella man had himself probably stolen the umbrella from somewhere. When Soapy picked up
the umbrella, the man first thought that he could get it back. But when Soapy spoke about calling a
policeman, the man thought that the umbrella was actually Soapy’ s, and Soapy would hand him over to the
police. Hence, he apologized quickly and walked away without calling a policeman.
Q.4.Pick out the lines from the text which show that:
1) Soapy wants to enter the cafe for two reasons.
A) 1. A roasted mallard duck, thought Soapy, would be about the thing with a bottle of wine and then some
cheese, a cup of coffee and a cigar.
2. The meat would leave him filled and happy for the journey to his winter island.

2) Soapy was afraid that he won't be able to enter the prison.

A) It seemed that his route to the coveted island was not to be an easy one. Some other way of entering the
limbo must be devised.

3) Soapy was not caught by the cop for throwing stones at the glass.
A) 1. The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.
2. The policeman saw a man half-way down the block running to catch a car. With drawn club he joined in
the pursuit.
4) Soapy actually did not want the umbrella.
A) Soapy hurled the umbrella angrily into the excavation.

5) Listening to the anthem, Soapy remembered his good old days.

A) And the anthem that the organist played cemented Soapy to the iron fence, for he had known it
well in the days when his life contained such things as mothers and roses and ambitions and friends
and immaculate thoughts and collars .

6) Describe Soapy’s behaviour on the sidewalk.

Ans: On the sidewalk Soapy began to yell drunken meaningless things at the top of his harsh voice. He
danced, howled, spoke wildly and made a big disturbance.

7) Describe the wonderful change in Soapy’s soul.

Ans: After listening to the anthem, Soapy remembers his earlier life, and is horrified to realize that he has
indeed become a degraded person. He decides to pull himself out of the pit into which he has fallen and
make a man of himself again. He determines to bring back to his life his old eager ambitions and pursue
them. He makes up his mind to take up a job.

8) Describe the end of the story in your own words.

Ans: Initially Soapy had felt that he would like to pass the winter months in prison, and he makes several
efforts to get himself arrested. The notes of anthem transform him from within and he decides to give up his
evil ways and become a man again. He resolves to work hard. At that very moment, ironically, a policeman
arrests him for loitering and he is sent to prison for three months. Soapy faces the irony of fate as the
moment he realizes that real freedom lies in a virtuous life, he is taken into confinement.

9)He would make a man of himself again’ – The word ‘man’ in the sentence means ……………….. .
Ans: ‘He would make a man of himself again’ – The word ‘man’ in the sentence means a responsible and
worthy human being.
33
10) After listening to the sweet and solemn organ notes, Soapy decides to:
Ans: 1. pull himself out of the mire, conquer the evil that had enslaved him and make a man of himself
again
2. resurrect his old eager ambitions and pursue them without faltering
3. go into the roaring downtown district and find work
Q.6. Discuss the hidden meaning in the expressions/sentences.
1) It catered to large appetites and modest purses.
Ans: The restaurant prepared food for ordinary workers who had large appetites but very little money.

2) He told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total strangers.
Ans: He told the waiter that he did not have any money.

3) A voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in the Manhattan cocktail.
Ans: A very smooth voice and a hard, stony eye (a tough person).

4) He caught at the immediate straw of ‘disorderly conduct’.

Ans: Soapy wanted to be arrested by a policeman and imprisoned. However, his efforts towards this end had
been unsuccessful, and he was worried that he would continue to be unsuccessful. When he suddenly came
upon a policeman lounging in front of a theatre, an idea struck him. He felt that if he shouted and screamed
and made a lot of noise, he would be arrested for behaving in a dangerous and disturbing way in public, and
would be imprisoned, which was what he wanted.

Q.7.Write if the following sentences are True or False. Correct the False sentences:
1. Soapy broke the glass of the shop window. True
2. Nobody heard the breaking of the window. False
Corrected statement: A policeman as well as some people heard the breaking of the window.
3. The policeman chased Soapy. False
Corrected statement: The policeman chased a man running to catch a car.
4. Soapy did not run away from the place. True
5. The restaurant Soapy entered was an ordinary one. True
6. The policeman ate beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie. False
Corrected statement: Soapy ate beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie.
Q.8.A) Read the story and match the incidents given in Column A with the consequences given in
Column B.
A B
i. Soapy tried to enter a cafe Strong and ready hands of the head waiter turned
him around.
ii. Soapy broke a glass window The cop ran after another man
iii. Two waiters pitched Soapy on the He stood up slowly beating the dust from his
callous pavement clothes.
iv. Soapy heard the anthem being played Suddenly a wonderful change came in his heart.
in the Church
v. Cop arrests Soapy for hanging around Dream of turning around in life was shattered.

Q.8.B) Complete the table:

Ans:
The Words Who Said To Whom
1. Noisy, but no harm A policeman A citizen
2. I took it. Soapy The Umbrella man
3. You know how these mistakes occur The Umbrella man Soapy
4. Of course it’s mine! Soapy The umbrella man
5. We’ve instructions to let them be A police man A citizen
6. I hope you’ll excuse me. The umbrella man Soapy

34
Q.8.C) Soapy’s earlier life was much different from his present life. Complete the table to show this
contrast.
Earlier life Present life
1 contained friends and roses a unworthy desires
2 eager ambitions b dead hopes, degraded days
3 clean thoughts and clothes c wrecked faculties and base motives

Q.9.Rearrange the following sentences according to their occurrence in the extract:

i) Soapy decided to go into the downtown district and find work.
ii) A policeman caught Soapy’s arm.
iii) Soapy saw a quaint old church.
iv) Soapy’s ears caught sweet music.
Answer:
iii) Soapy saw a quaint old church.
iv) Soapy’s ears caught sweet music.
i) Soapy decided to go into the downtown district and find work.
ii) A policeman caught Soapy’s arm.

Q.10. Personal Response:

1. Give your opinion about Soapy’s desire to enter prison.

Ans: I find it very strange that a person can actually want to enter prison, whatever be the reason. At least,
from what I know of prisons, they are terrible places, and one has a very difficult time there. However,
Soapy has obviously been to prison before, and probably enjoys the free food and protection from the
winter that he gets there.

2. Have you ever bought/eaten something and then found that you did not have enough money to pay
for it? Describe your feeling at that time.
Ans: Yes, it happened to me once. I went to a mall and bought a jacket for myself. I had been looking at a
lot of jackets and I got confused with the prices. Finally, when the cashier was making the bill, I found that
the jacket I had chosen was very expensive and I did not have enough money to pay for it. I was very
embarrassed to tell the cashier this, but I had to. He gave me an angry look.

3. Have you ever stolen/wanted to steal anything? Narrate in brief.

Ans: Yes, when I was about 12 years old, I stole my friend’s remote-controlled toy car, which his uncle had
sent him from abroad. It was a beautiful car. However, when I was playing with it at home my mother saw
me, and she made me return the car. I later felt very ashamed of myself, but fortunately my friend forgave
me.

4. Write an incident in which you did something wrong and repented for it later. Give reasons.
Ans: A lady who stayed in my building used to shout at me for playing noisily under her window. One day,
she shouted at me as usual from her window and went inside. I suddenly got angry and threw a stone at her
window. The stone hit the glass which broke. I heard a loud shout of pain and ran away. I later came to
know that she had been badly injured by the shattered glass. I repented for what I had done. Though I did
not tell her that I was the culprit, I was very good to her after that.

TEXTUAL GRAMMAR
Language Study.
1) If only he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would be his. (Rewrite using
‘unless’.)
Ans: Unless he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would not be his.
2) One dollar for the cigar would be enough. (Add a question tag.)
Ans: One dollar for the cigar would be enough, wouldn’t it?

35
3) Some other way of entering the limbo must be devised. (Use an infinitive in place of a gerund.)
Ans: Some other way to enter the limbo must be devised.

4) He had set his silk umbrella by the door on entering. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined
word.)
Ans: He had set his silk umbrella by the door when he entered.

5) At length Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east. (Rewrite using another adverb phrase with the
same meaning as the underlined phrase.)
Ans: After a long time Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east.

6) On an unusually quiet corner, Soapy came to a standstill. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)

Ans: Soapy came to a standstill on a corner that was unusually quiet.
Convert the following sentences into the negative without changing their meanings:

(a) The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.

Ans: (a) The policeman did not accept Soapy even as a clue.
(b) Soapy drifted along, twice unsuccessful.
Ans: (b) Soapy drifted along, twice not successful.
(c) Soapy stopped his unavailing racket.
Ans: Soapy stopped his racket which was not successful.
(d) The island seemed very far away.
Ans: The island seemed not at all near.
(e) The island seemed an unattainable Arcadia.
Ans: The island seemed an Arcadia which was not attainable.
Convert the following sentences into the affirmative without changing their meanings :

(a) Men who smash windows do not remain to chat with the police.
Ans: (a) Men who smash windows refrain from remaining to chat with the police
(b) On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions.
Ans: On the opposite side of the street was a very ordinary restaurant.
(c) Why don’t you call a cop?
Ans: Please call a cop.
(d) Noisy; but no harm.
Ans: Noisy; but harmless.
(e) They seemed to regard him as a King who could do no wrong.
Ans: They seemed to regard him as a King who was always right.

Vocabulary:
1. O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison, where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of
those words from the extract.
Ans: i) winter island , ii)coveted island iii) limbo
2. O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of
those words from the extract:
Ans: the island, Arcadia
3. Find out the words used for the ‘degraded state of Soapy’.
Ans: the pit into which he had tumbled, the degraded days , unworthy desires , dead hopes
wrecked faculties , base motives , mire evil that had enslaved him.

*************************

36
 EXTRACT: 1
Q.1. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Soapy left his bench and strolled out of the square and across the level sea of asphalt, where
Broadway and Fifth Avenue flow together. Up Broadway, he turned and stopped at a luxurious cafe.
Soapy had confidence in himself from the lowest button of his vest upward. He was shaven, and his
coat was trim and his neat, black bow had been presented to him by a lady missionary on
Thanksgiving Day. If only he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected success would be his.
The portion of him that would show above the table would raise no doubt in the waiter's mind A
roasted mallard duck, thought Soapy, would be about the thing with a bottle of wine and then some
cheese a cup of coffee and a cigar One dollar for the cigar would be enough. The total would not be
so high as to call forth any extreme of revenge from the cafe management and yet the meat would
leave him filled and happy for the journey to his winter island. But as Soapy set foot inside the
restaurant door, the head waiter's eye fell upon his tattered trousers and decadent shoes. Strong and
ready hands turned him about and conveyed him in silence and haste to the side-walk and averted the
ignoble fate of the menaced mallard. Soapy turned off-Broadway. It seemed that his route to the
coveted island was not to be an easy one. Some other way of entering the limbo must be devised. At
a corner of Sixth Avenue, electric lights and cunningly displayed wares behind plate glass made a
shop window attractive. Soapy took a stone and dashed it through the glass. People came running
round the comer a policeman in the lead. Soapy stood still with his hands in his pockets and smiled at
the sight of brass buttons. "Where's the man that done that?" inquired the officer agitatedly. "Don't
you think that I might have had something to do with it?" id Soapy, with a friendly voice, as one
greets good fortune. The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue. Men who smash
windows do not remain to chat with the police. They take to their heels. The policeman saw a man
half-way down the block running to catch a car. Withdrawn club he joined in the pursuit. Soapy, with
disgust in his heart, drifted along, twice unsuccessful.

A1. Name the following: (2)

(i) This is where Soapy stopped at ……………………………………..
(ii) This had been a gift to Soapy ………………………………………..
(iii) This is what Soapy wanted to eat ………………………………….
(iv) This is what Soapy wanted to drink ……………………………..
A2. Complete the reasons for the following: (2)
(1) Soapy had confidence in himself because.........................
(2) The head waiter of the luxurious cafe did not allow Soapy to enter because..........................
A3. Pick out the lines from the text which show that Soapy wants to enter the cafe for two reasons. (2)
A4. What do you think of Soapy's desire to enter prison? Justify your answer. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) If only he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would be his. (Rewrite using
'unless".)
(2) One dollar for the cigar would be enough. (Add a question tag)
A6. Guess the meaning of the following in the context: (2)
(1) winter island (il) eye fell upon (iii) strolled (iv) coveted

EXTRACT: 2
[Refer to the above extract for answering the questions]
Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)
A1. Soapy's attempts to get into Winter Island: (2)

Attempt 1
Attempt 2
37
A2. Complete the given statement in 30 words. (2)

Soapy couldn't enter the restaurant because ______________________________________________

A3. Soapy had confidence in himself from the lowest button of his vest upward, Here the lowest button of
his vest upward means _________________________________________________.
A4. If a person tries to damage the public property, how you will react in such a situation.
(Write your response in 3/4 lines) (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
1) The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue. (Choose the correct alternative to transform
as a negative statement)
i. The policeman didn't accept Soapy even as a clue.
ii. The policeman had never accepted Soapy even as a clue
iii. The policeman didn't accepted Soapy even as a clue
iv. The policeman couldn't accept Soapy even as a clue.
2) "Don't you think that I might have had something to do with it?" Said Soapy (Choose the correct
alternative to change the sentence into indirect speech)
i. Soapy asked if he didn't think that he might have something to do with that
ii. Soapy asked if he didn't think that he might have had something to do with that.
iii.Soapy asked if he didn't thought that he might have had something to do will that
iv. Soapy asked if he didn't think that he might had had something to do with that.

A6. Match the words in column A with column B: (2)

A B
i stroll a border place between heaven and hell
ii decadent b walk in a leisurely
iii limbo c old and worn out
iv coveted d very hard and torn
e greatly desired

EXTRACT: 3
Q.3. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

At a corner of Sixth Avenue electric lights and cunningly displayed wares behind plateglass made a shop
window attractive. Soapy took a stone and dashed it through the glass. People came running round the
corner, a policeman in the lead. Soapy stood still with his hands in his pockets, and smiled at the sight of
brass buttons. “Where’s the man that done that?” inquired the officer agitatedly. “Don’t you think that I
might have had something to do with it?” said Soapy, with a friendly voice, as one greets good fortune.
The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue. Men who smash windows do not remain to chat
with the police. They take to their heels. The policeman saw a man half-way down the block running to
catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit. Soapy, with disgust in his heart, drifted along, twice
unsuccessful. On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions. It catered to large
appetites and modest purses. Its crockery and atmosphere were thick; its soup and napery thin. Into this
place Soapy betook himself without challenge. At a table he sat and consumed beefsteak, flapjacks,
doughnuts and pie. And then he told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total
strangers. “Now, get busy and call a cop”, said Soapy. “And don’t keep a gentleman waiting.” “No cop
for you,” said the waiter, with a voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in the Manhattan
cocktail. “Hey, Con!” Neatly upon his left ear on the callous pavement two waiters pitched Soapy. He
arose, joint by joint, as a carpenter’s rule opens, and dusted his clothes. Arrest seemed now but an elusive
dream. The island seemed very far away. A policeman who stood before a drugstore two doors away
laughed and walked down the street.

38
A1. Correct the sentences that are False and rewrite them: (2)
(i) Soapy broke the glass of the shop window.
(ii) Nobody heard the breaking of the window.
(iii) The policeman chased Soapy.
(iv)Soapy did not run away from the place.
A2. Complete the following giving reasons: (2)
(i) The cop did not arrest Soapy for breaking the glass wind because ..................
(ii) Soapy was disgusted with the policeman because……….......
A3. Discuss the meaning in the following expressions/sentence (2)
(i) It catered to large appetites and modest purses.
(ii) He told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total strangers.

A4. Narrate an incident when you bought / ate something and then found that you did not have enough
money to pay for your reactions. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
Convert the following sentences into the negative without changing their meaning:
(i) The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.
(ii) The island seemed very far away.
A6. Fill in the blanks with the correct nouns from the extract: (2)
(i) friendly.......... (ii) electric ………………….. (iii) large……………... (iv) callous
……………………..
EXTRACT : 4
Q.4.Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Soapy was seized with a sudden fear that some dreadful enchantment had rendered him immune to
arrest. He was in a state of panic, and, when he came upon another policeman lounging grandly in front
of a glittering theatre, he caught at the immediate straw of ‘disorderly conduct’. On the sidewalk Soapy
began to yell drunken gibberish at the top of his harsh voice. He danced, howled, raved and otherwise
disturbed the skies. The policeman merely twirled his club, turned his back to Soapy and remarked to a
citizen: “Tis one of them Yale lads celebratin the goose egg they give to the Hartford College. Noisy;
but no harm. We’ve instructions to let them be.” Disconsolate, Soapy stopped his unavailing racket.
Would never a policeman lay hands on him? In his fancy, the island seemed an unattainable Arcadia.
He buttoned his thin coat against the chilling wind. In a cigar store he saw a well-dressed man lighting
a cigar at the swinging light. He had set his silk umbrella by the door on entering. Soapy stepped
inside, grabbed the umbrella and sauntered off with it slowly. The man at the cigar light followed
hastily. “My umbrella,” he said sternly. “Oh, is it?” sneered Soapy, adding insult to petty larceny.
“Well, why don’t you call a policeman? I took it. Your umbrella! Why don’t you call a cop? There
stands one on the corner.” The umbrella owner slowed his steps. Soapy did likewise, with a
premonition that luck would again run against him. The policeman eyed at the two curiously. “Of
course,” said the umbrella man “Well, you know how these mistakes occur if it’s your umbrella. I hope
you’ll excuse me - I picked it up this morning in a restaurant if you recognize it as yours, why I hope
you’ll “Of course it’s mine,” said Soapy savagely. The ex-umbrella man retreated. The policeman
hurried to assist a tall blonde in an opera cloak across the street in front of a street car that was
approaching two blocks away.

A1. Complete the table: (2)

The words Who said To Whom

(i) Noisy, but no harm
(ii) I took it.
39
A2. Explain why the cop did not arrest Soapy for shouting dancing. (2)
A3. Discuss the meaning in the context: He caught at immediate straw of 'disorderly conduct'. (2)
A4. Have you ever stolen/wanted to steal anything? (2)

A5. Language Study: (2)

(1) Noisy; but no harm. (Convert the sentence into affirmative without changing the meaning.)
(2) He had set his silk umbrella by the door on enter (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined
word.)

A6. Match the words in Column A with the meanings (2)

A B
I disconsolate a Walked in a relaxed manner
Ii sauntered B Spoke wildly
Iii raved C made
iv rendered d Very unhappy

EXTRACT: 5
Q.5) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Soapy walked eastward through a street damaged by improvements. He hurled the umbrella angrily into
an excavation. He muttered against the men who wear helmets and carry clubs. Because he wanted to fall
into their clutches, they seemed to regard him as a king who could do nothing wrong.
At length Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east where the glitter and turmoil was but faint. He
dragged himself toward Madison Square, for the homing instinct survives even when the home is a park
bench.
But, on an unusually quiet corner, Soapy came to a standstill. Here was an old church, quaint and
rambling and gabled. Through one violet-stained window a soft light glowed, where, no doubt, the
organist loitered over the keys, making sure of his mastery of the coming Sabbath anthem. For there
drifted out to Soapy's ears sweet music that caught and held him transfixed against the convolutions of the
iron fence.
The moon was above, full and radiant; vehicles and pedestrians were few: sparrows twittered sleepily in
the eaves or a little while the scene might have been a country churchyard. And the anthem that the
organist played cemented Soapy to the iron fence, for he had known it well in the days when his life
contained such things as mothers and roses and ambitions and friends and immaculate thoughts and
collars.
The conjunction of Soapy's receptive state of mind and the influences about the old church brought a
sudden and wonderful change in his soul. He viewed with rising horror the which he had tumbled, the
degraded days, unworthy desires, dead hopes, wrecked faculties and base motives that made up his
existence.
And also in a moment his heart responded thrillingly to this strange mood. A strong impulse moved him
to battle with his desperate fact. He would pull himself out of the mire and would make a man of himself
again; he would conquer the evil that had enslaved him. There was time: he was young yet: he would
resurrect his old eager ambitions and pursue them without faltering. Those solemn but sweet organ notes
had set up a revolution in him. Tomorrow he would go into the roaring downtown district and find work.
A fur importer had once offered him driver. He would be somebody in the world. He would ----
Soapy felt a hand laid - on arm. He looked quickly around into the impassive face of a policeman.
"What are you doin' here?" asked the officer.
"Nothing"," said Soapy.
"Then come along," said the policeman.
"Three months on the island," said the Magistrate in the Police Court the next morning.

40
Q.1 (A) Describe the atmosphere when the Soapy reached near the church: (2)
(a) A soft light glowed through the violet-stained window.
(b) _______________________________________
(c) _______________________________________
(d)________________________________________
(e) _______________________________________
A2. Complete the following: (2)
After listening to the sweet and solemn organ notes, soapy decides to:
(a) __________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________
A3. Guess out the specific meaning of the word "anthem" in the context of the story. (2)
A4. Write an incident in which you did something wrong and repented for it later. Write at least two reasons
for your repentance. (2)
A5 Language study: (2)
(a) "What are you doin' here?" asked the officer. (Change it into indirect speech)
(b) Tomorrow he would go into the roaring downtown district. (Frame a 'Wh' question to get the
underlined part as an answer)
A6 Vocabulary: (2)
Match the following words in column A with their meaning in column B:
A B
i quaint a strong wish/ urge
ii transfixed b restore to life
iii impulse c to stand with complete focussed attention
iv resurrect d attractively unusual/ old fashioned
e to bring to views

EXTRACT: 6
Q.6) [Refer to the above extract for answering the questions] (12 Marks)
A1. Rearrange the following sentences according to t occurrence in the extract: (2)
(i) Soapy decided to go into the downtown district and work.
(ii) A policeman caught Soapy's arm.
(iii) Soapy saw a quaint old church.
(iv) Soapy's ears caught sweet music.
A2. Complete the following, describing the atmosphere Soapy reached near the Church: (2)
(i) A soft light glowed ____________
(ii) Sweet music ____________
(iii) There was a full, radiant moon, and few _____________
(iv) Sparrows ___________
A3. Pick out the lines from the extract which show that: (2)
(i) Soapy actually did not want the umbrella.
(ii) Listening to the anthem, Soapy remembered his good old days.
A4. Giving reasons, narrate an incident when you did something wrong and repented for it later. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) They seemed to regard him as a King who could do no wrong Convert the following sentence into the
affirmative without changing its meaning:
(2) At length Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east. (Rewrite using another adverb phrase with
the same meaning as the underlined phrase.)
A6. Find out 4 phrases used for the 'degraded state of Soapy. (2)
**********************
41
 1.4: BIG DATA – BIG INSIGHTS
Introduction
This chapter introduces us to what is called “Big Data”. In our times of the Internet and other advanced
technologies, it is important to understand how our own data is tracked and used. It gives us insights into the
world of Data where every individual’s online activities are monitored and the data thus collected is then
put to use for various purposes.
Sources of Big Data
Every time we click on a certain link and are directed to a particular website on the Internet, our movements
are monitored. Similarly, when we shop online from e-commerce platforms, the applications keep track of
our preferences and even our measurements.
The choice of the content that we consume from various streaming platforms like Netflix, is also recorded.
Not only this, even the simple keywords that we type in the search bars of Internet browsers like Google are
also kept in records. The smart devices we use in everyday life also track our data.
Who records this Data and Why?
The question now is, why is such information recorded and by whom. This collected information is called
“Big Data” because it is a huge amount of data of billions of people. It is then used by industries and
companies to understand the needs, preferences and patterns of the people. To understand and analyse such
huge amounts of data, the process of Big Data Analytics is used. It studies the collected data to uncover
some hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends and customer preferences.
Uses of Big Data
Big Data is important to nearly every organisation or industry that knows how to use it to their advantage.
Some such organisations or fields are as follows.

Location Tracking: The Big Data has made it possible for us to have beforehand information about traffic
jams and accident prone areas. This enables us to make wiser choices of routes and thus saves our time.
Similarly, we can check the status of a product we ordered online by tracking its location. This has made
online shopping hassle-free and convenient.

Understanding the Weather Patterns : Scientists use the data collected from satellites to understand
patterns of weather change. This helps them to predict or foresee the possibilities of floods, tsunamis etc.
Immediate precautionary measures can thus be taken based on this forecast. This saves many lives as it
makes us better prepared to cope with such disasters.

Health Care Industry : Data related to our health is saved in devices like smart watches that we wear or
even in the applications in our smart phones. These function as our mini biomedical research devices. They
keep us informed of our blood sugar levels, sleeping patterns, heart rates or even the number of steps we
walk in a day. This enables one to better understand one’s health complications. This data is also of
immense value to pharmaceutical companies, who then commission research based on the health data of a
huge population.

Banking, Finance and Trading : The data of how customers like to invest their money is of use to banks,
who then offer investment plans accordingly. It makes functioning of the banks smooth and even helps in
preventing cyber crimes and frauds. Similar fraudulent activities can also be traced in the financial markets
by monitoring the collected data. The data of what gets sold quicker and what products are least in demand,
helps trade organisations to make related decisions accordingly.

Sports: The data of each player in a cricket or football match is of immense use to the player to reflect on
one’s performance. This history of one’s performance on the pitch or ground also helps the entire team.
Interestingly, even the sports equipment are potential sources of useful data because they are now fitted with
sensors. The data of various videos recorded during a match is helpful as the clippings can be later used for
Data analytics to track even the minutest movements of the players.

42
Advertising: Big Data has proved a boon for advertising companies. An individual’s history of online
purchases or even Google searches help the advertising companies to run targeted campaigns. One’s
Facebook or Instagram feed is filled with ads of the same or similar items as one’s liking.

Entertainment and Media : It is common to see videos with headings like “Suggested for you” or
“Recommended Videos” on YouTube. This is made possible because a record of what kind of video content
we watch on YouTube or even Netflix is maintained. This also helps the Entertainment industry to analyse
which shows get better viewership. Consequently, more advertising companies are willing to advertise
during these shows in order to generate increased revenues.

Education Industry : The Education industry knows just as well how to benefit from Big Data. A record of
the way students study and what aids they use more to understand their concepts is useful to the Education
industry. This makes it possible to design course material accordingly.

Conclusion:
It would be justified to think of Big Data as a genie in our hands. Most organisations owe their success to
Big Data. If utilised in ethical ways, Big Data will continue to benefit humans.

Meanings:
Petabytes: units of information equal to one thousand million 1000 tetrabytes.
exabytes: units of information equal to one quintillion 1000 petabytes
revenue: earnings
gigantic: huge
enables: allows
embedded: implanted
impending: about to happen
calamities: great and often sudden damages or distresses
mised- transctions: wrong transactions
transactions: an exchange or transfer of funds
algorithm: a process of set of rules to be followed in calculations especially by a computer

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q.1.(i) Make point wise notes from the lesson regarding the uses of Big Data in the following
application.
1) Location Tracking.
i) Used by Google Maps and GPS to identify and track location of a place.
ii) Geographic positioning, radio frequency identification sensors data about traffic conditions on particular
route.
iii) Can plan route according to travel time, transportation of the goods.
iv) Companies reduce risks in transport improves speed, reliability in delivery.

2)Health Care Industry.

Various apps, smartwatches, gadgets, etc. collect data about various functions of our body.
i) Data analyzed and feedback provided.
ii) Doctors can have a better diagnosis of any ailment effects of any drug.
iii) Past data of patients maintained suggestions, solutions for their problems given.
iv) Helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics, diseases.

3) Education Industry.
i) Get information about the study patterns of students – can now prepare customized and dynamic learning
programmes according to need of individual students.
ii) Every student’s comprehension level is different – course material designed to cater to different
requirements of the students. One-size-fits-all pitfall avoided.
iii) Students’ choices, difficulties, results, etc. are available.
iv) Strengths and weaknesses gauged -guidance while choosing career.
43
Q.2.Write whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:
i) Today, the majority of equity trading takes place via data algorithms. Agree
ii) Big Data analytics cannot help in studying the investment patterns of people. Disagree
iii) Big Data is useful in High-Frequency Trading. Agree
iv) Big Data cannot predict possible spikes on servers. Disagree

Q.3.Describe the ways used to create a huge database in sports.

Ans. A huge data has been created over a period of time from the recording of matches, training sessions
and workouts.
Q.4.The database collected can help a sportsperson. Explain how.
Ans.The data enables a sportsperson to study his own performance as well as that of the other players
worldwide. It also helps in improving individual as well as team performance.
Q.5.State the use of video analytics.
Ans.Video analytics help one to see each and every performance minutely.
Q.6. Name the Internet Giants mentioned in the extract.
Ans.Facebook, Google, Twitter.

Q.7. Pick out the False sentences, if any, and correct them:
1. Every student’s level of understanding is the same. False
Corrected statement: Every student’s level of understanding is different.
2. Big Data has brought about a big negative change in the education industry. False
Corrected statement: Big data has brought about a big positive change in the education industry.
3. Designing the course material to cater to different requirements of the students is a good idea. True
4. Big Data has provided a solution to the ‘one-size-fits-all’ pitfall. True
Q.8. Mention the ways to reduce risk in transport.
Ans. Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. GPS and Google
Maps make use of Big Data. With geographic positioning and radio frequency identification sensors we get
the up-to-date data about traffic, congestion on a particular route, information if the route is closed or if it is
a one-way route, understanding accident prone areas, etc. Thus, we can plan our own route according to the
travel time and the transportation of goods.
If we have ordered something online we can track the location of our goods in transit, we can also track the
condition of the goods. All this has immensely helped the logistics companies to reduce risks in transport,
improve speed and reliability in delivery.
Q.9. List the ways in which sensors help a person.
Ans. Sensors help a person:
i) to understand the game from close quarters
ii) to understand field conditions
iii)to understand the weather conditions
iv)to understand individual performances
Q.10. Discuss and write how Big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value.
Ans.When we like a post on Facebook or share a post on WhatsApp, visit any website, make online
purchases, or watch videos, the variety of activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. So a
huge amount of data is collected. Data is also collected swiftly from different sources, for example web,
sales, customer contact centre, social media, mobile data and so on.
Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were previously incomprehensible. As more and more people
use the Internet, social media, make online purchases, use mobile phones, and are generally more active
online, Big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value in leaps and bounds.

Q.11.Write some ways to find out the location and condition of the goods.
Ans. When we order something online, we are given a tracking number. By logging into the website of the
company and entering this tracking number in the given slot, we can find out the location and condition of
the goods.

Q.12.Explain, giving an example, the technique used by Netflix and YouTube to increase viewership.
Ans. Netflix and YouTube know through Big Data just what a person has viewed and his/her behaviour
online. Based on this information, the person will be shown different recommendations. For example, if a

44
person has viewed a couple of horror films from start to end, Netflix will know that the viewer is interested
in horror films.
Accordingly, Netflix will recommend a few more horror films. The viewer is pleased with this easy access
to his/her favourite genre, and continues to be a customer, thus increasing Netflix revenue.

Q.13.Discuss a solution provided by Big Data.

Ans.Through Big Data we have information about the study patterns of students, and we can now prepare
customized and dynamic learning programmes according to the need of an individual student.

Q.14.Industries can be benefited from data. Explain with an example.

Ans. Industries can benefit from the huge amount of data available. For example, in the tourism industry,
through Big Data travel agencies and hotels can identify the times when there are more crowds and hence
more demand for a certain tourist spot.
They can accordingly make arrangements for more flights, trains, buses, tours, labour, essential items, etc.
Hotels can use big data to compile and analyse information about their main competitors so that they are
aware of what other hotels or businesses are offering customers.

Personal Response :
Q.1.Do you have any app on your phone that monitors your health? Describe it in brief.
Ans. Yes, I have an app that helps me to measure the calories I have eaten and I can thus plan my meals. It
also records my weight and tells me whether it has gone up or down. There is a very clear graph too which
gives me complete information of the ups and downs in my weight. I have managed to lose a few kilos with
the help of this app and feel much healthier now.
Q.2. Do you use GPS and Google Maps? If so, where and when?
Ans. I drive a two-wheeler. If I have to go to a new shop/hotel or some other place, I find out the route
through GPS and follow this route. I used Google Maps when I went to Goa with my family and wanted to
calculate distances and use the best routes.
Q.3. Do you spend a lot of time on Facebook, Netflix, etc.? Do you think it is addictive?
Ans. Yes, I do spend a lot of time on Facebook. I have a large number of friends, and hence the news feed is
quite a lot. I like to know what my friends are doing, where they have gone, etc. It is addictive, and since I
have Facebook on my mobile phone too, I can check it at any time. This is what most of my friends do too.
I know it is not good, and I am trying to control screen time. I do not subscribe to Netflix.
Q.4.Do you think Big Data will help to bring improvements in students? Give reasons for your
answer.
Ans. Yes, Big Data will certainly help to bring improvements in students. Students can learn topics/subjects.
According to their abilities and capacity. They can choose their careers after knowing their strengths and
weaknesses, their mental make-up and abilities. Thus, there will be fewer drop-outs, and students will be
happy in the careers they have chosen..

Q.5.When you are asked for personal details on social media, mention precautions that you will take.
Ans. When I am asked for personal details on social media, I first try to find out who wants them and why. I
never reveal credit/ debit card pin numbers, even if it is a bank asking me. I never give my mobile/adhaar
card numbers either. I also keep my social media accounts private and visible only to friends. Only after
checking and re-checking do I give any details, for I know that there are many cases of exploitation going
on.
Q.6. Do you think all the data we receive is used for positive things? If ‘No’, make a list of the
negative things which can be done with the help of Big Data.
Ans) Negative things which can be done with the help of Big Data:
Loss of privacy-Big Data has all information about us.
Misuse of personal information
Leaking of information-this leads to thefts, blackmail, cheating, and so on.
Data may fall into wrong hands, and a person may be harassed.
Unsolicited calls and emails based on your internet history.

Q.7. Do you think Big Data has improved the quality of life? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans. Big Data has certainly improved the quality of life. Through various apps, we can maintain our body
weight and exercise levels, and remain healthy. Our heart rate, sleep patterns, etc. can be monitored and any
changes can be immediately reported to the doctor, who can then prescribe the correct treatment as soon as
possible.

45
Age-related diseases like diabetes and arteriosclerosis can be treated at the early stages. Thus, we can lead
healthier and more active lives. Big Data is also being used to predict and monitor epidemics, thus ensuring
that they affect as few people as possible.

Q.8.Can we understand the economy of the country by the data on Banking and Finance? Explain.
Ans. Yes, we can. With the Big Data analytics the study of investment patterns of the people can be done.
We can analyse the bank deposits made, the loans taken and the equity trading.
We can find out the business across borders. We can find out how many industries have come up, and what
the industrial economy is. From all this information, we understand the economy of the country.

TEXTUAL GRAMMAR
Do as directed.
1) Advertisers are one of the biggest players in Big Data. (Begin the sentence with ‘Very few
……………’)
Ans.Very few players in Big data are as big as advertisers.

2) No other diagnosis is as good as the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data. (Use ‘best’ and rewrite
the sentence)
Ans. The diagnosis done with the help of Big data is the best diagnosis.

3) No other diagnosis is as good as the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data. (Use ‘better than’ and
rewrite the sentence)
Ans. No other diagnosis is better than the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data.

4) These internet giants provide the greatest data about people. (Begin the sentence with ‘No other
……………)
Ans. No other networking services provide greater data about people than these internet giants.

5) These internet giants provide the greatest data about people.(Use ‘greater than’ and rewrite the
sentence)
Ans. No other networking services provide greater data about people than these internet giants. OR These
internet giants provide greater data about people than any other networking services.

6) New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come up with suitable plans. (Rewrite
using ‘either … or’.)
Ans. New insights have enabled either the banks or the finance companies to come up with suitable plans.

7) Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
Ans. Whatever activity we do online is either recorded, monitored or analysed.

8) Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather and help in weather forecasting.
(Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Ans. Weather sensors and satellites help us to either understand the weather or help in weather forecasting.

9) Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. (Rewrite using ‘as well as’….)
Ans. Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored, as well as analysed.

10) The massive data available with us can really work wonders. (Rewrite using the noun form of the
underlined word.)
Ans. The availability of massive data with us can really work wonders.

46
11) Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and varied data sets or Big Data to
uncover information. (Frame a ‘wh’-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Ans. What is Big Data analytics?

12) Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. (Rewrite using ‘as well as …’)
Ans. Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics as well as diseases.

13) Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. (Rewrite using ‘either …or’.)
Ans. Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of either epidemics or diseases.
14) Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. (Rewrite using ‘as
well as’.)
Ans. Big Data has been useful in identifying as well as tracking the exact location of a place.

15) Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. (Rewrite using
‘either … or’.)
Ans. Big Data has been useful in either identifying or tracking the exact location of a place.

16) Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather and help in weather forecasting.
(Rewrite using ‘as well as’.)
Ans. Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather as well as help in weather forecasting.

17) Huge amount of data is continuously being I received from them. (Change the voice.)
Ans. We continuously receive a huge amount of data from them.

18) Big Data has enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions. (Rewrite as an
interrogative question.)
Ans. Hasn’t Big Data enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions?

19) Here, Big Data algorithms are used to make trading decisions. (Rewrite using a gerund in place of the
underlined word.)
Ans. Here, Big Data algorithms are used for making trading decisions.

20) Every student’s comprehension level is different. (Add a question tag.)

Ans. Every student’s comprehension level is different, isn’t it?

21) This will also help in guiding the student regarding the best career for him. (Rewrite using the noun
form of the underlined word.)
Ans. This will also help in providing guidance to the student regarding the best career for him.

22) This would, in general, enhance progress of all students. (Rewrite beginning ‘Progress….)
Ans. Progress of all students, would in general, be enhanced.

EXTRACT: 1

Q.1. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12Marks)
Big Insights What is Big Data? There is a revolution in the life style of people which has been affected by
Big Data. Our food habits, our health care, our travelling, our scientific pursuits, you name it and
everything has changed 360 degrees. The massive data available with us can really work wonders.
Friends, do you know what happens when we like a post on Facebook or share a post on WhatsApp, visit
any website, make online purchases, or watch videos? Yes, whatever activity we do online is recorded,
monitored and analysed. So a huge amount of data is collected. Let me give you an idea of how huge the
47
data might be. Big Data can be petabytes or exabytes of data consisting of billions to trillions of records of
millions of people- all from different sources, for example web, sales, customer contact centre, social
media, mobile data and so on. The data available to industries and companies is enormously increasing in
volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value. Such a Big Data is easy to obtain but so massive that it
challenges the current computing technologies and hence Big Data analytics is used to give insights that
were previously incomprehensible. Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and
varied data sets or Big Data to uncover information- such as hidden patterns, unknown correlations,
market trends and customer preferences. With such a huge data available with the industries they can have
innumerable advantages hence all the industries are trying to reap the maximum benefit from it. Many
industries have advanced by miles from their competitors. It’s not the amount of data that is important but
what the organizations do with the data is what matters.

A1. Complete the web: (2)

_____

Big Data
_____ has _____
affected

_____

A2. Explain, with examples, how a huge amount of data is collected. (2)
A3. Describe how big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value. (2)
A4. In your opinion, how can industries benefit? Explain with example. (2)
A5. Language Study : (2)
(1) Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored, analysed. (Rewrite using 'either...or.)
(2) Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining and varied data sets or Big Data to uncover
information. (Frame a Wh-question to the underlined part as answer.)
A6. From the extract, find the antonyms of the following word: (2)
(1) understandable (ii) tiny (iii) sales (iv) simple

EXTRACT: 2

Q.2. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12Marks)
What is Big Data?
There is a revolution in the life style of people which has been affected by Big Data. Our food
habits, our health care, our travelling, our scientific pursuits, you name it and everything has
changed 360 degrees. The massive data available with us can really work wonders. Friends, do
you know what happens when we like a post on Facebook or share a post on WhatsApp, visit
any website, make online purchases, or watch videos? Yes, whatever activity we do online is
recorded, monitored and analysed. So a huge amount of data is collected. Let me give you an
idea of how huge the data might be. Big Data can be petabytes or exabytes of data consisting
of billions to trillions of records of millions of people all from different sources, for example
web, sales, customer contact centre, social media, mobile data and so on. The data available to
industries and companies is enormously increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and
value. Such a Big Data is easy to obtain but so massive that it challenges the current
48
computing technologies and hence Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were
previously incomprehensible. Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large
and varied data sets or Big Data to uncover information such as hidden patterns, unknown
correlations, market trends and customer preferences. With such a huge data available with the
industries they can have innumerable advantages hence all the industries are trying to reap the
maximum benefit from it. Many Industries have advanced by miles from their competitors. It's
not the amount of data that is important but what the organizations do with the data is what
matters.

A1 Complete the web about the information the Big Data uncovers such as. (2)

----

----
Big Data
uncovers
information such
as
----

----

A2. Completion Activity: (2)

(i) Big Data analytics is used to give it that were previously incomprehensible ________________.
(ii) All industries are trying to take the maximum benefit from Big Data ___________________.

A3. Explain how Big Data is increasing volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value. (2)
A4. Describe at least two precautions that you would take if asked your personal details on any social
media. (2)
A5: Language study: (2)
(i) The massive data available with us can really work wonders. (Given below are four options find out
and write down the correct complex sentence of the given sentence)
(a) The massive data, which is available with us can really work wonders.
(b) The massive data is available with us, which can really work wonders.
(c) As the massive data is available with us, it can really work wonders.
(d) The massive data is available with us and it really works wonder.
(ii) (There is revolution in the life style of people. (Rewrite the sentence in present perfect tense)
A6. Vocabulary: (2)
Find out the synonyms for the following words from the extract.
i) Change ii) huge iii) client iv) present

49
 EXTRACT: 3
Q.3. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

So a huge amount of data is collected. Let me give you an idea of how huge the data might be. Big Data
can be petabytes or exabytes of data consisting of billions to trillions of records of millions of people- all
from different sources, for example web, sales, customer contact centre, social media, mobile data and so
on. The data available to industries and companies is enormously increasing in volume, variation,
velocity, veracity and value. Such a Big Data is easy to obtain but so massive that it challenges the
current computing technologies and hence Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were previously
incomprehensible. Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and varied data sets or
Big Data to uncover information- such as hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends and
customer preferences. With such a huge data available with the industries they can have innumerable
advantages hence all the industries are trying to reap the maximum benefit from it. Many industries have
advanced by miles from their competitors. It's not the amount of data that is important but what the
organizations do with the data is what matters.
Uses of Big Data
1. Location Tracking: Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place.
Your GPS and Google Maps make use of Big Data. With geographic positioning and radio frequency
identification sensors we get the real-time data about traffic, congestion on a particular route, information
if the route is closed or if it is a one-way route, understanding accident prone areas
etc. You can plan your own route according to the travel time and the transportation of goods. If you have
ordered something online you can track the location of your goods in transit, you can also track the
condition of the goods. This has immensely helped the logistics companies to reduce risks in transport,
improve speed and reliability in delivery.

A1. Arrange the given sentences in the order to summarize the extract according to proper
occurrences. (2)
i. Big data improved the logistics services
ii. Every online activity is stored in big data.
iii. Big data is comprehensible due to Big Data Analytics
iv. The industries gained advantages from the big data.
A2. Big Data analytics play a vital role, Justify (2)
A3. Big data is a great challenge to the present computing technologies Explain. (2)
A4. We tend to refer to certain features of the product or services before orders Give reasons for such
conduct. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
1) If you have ordered something online you can track the location of your goods in transit.
(Choose the correct alternative to use After+ing' )
i. After you have ordering something online, you can track the location of your goods in transit
ii. After ordering something online you can track the location of the goods in transit.
iii. After you have ordered something, you are tracking the location of your goods in transit
iv. After ordering something online, you can tracking the location of your goods in transit.

2) Big data analytics is the complex process

(Choose the correct alternative to change the sentence as negative sentence)
i) Big Data analytics is not the complex process
ii. Big Data analytics is not a compound process
iii. Big Data analytics is not an easy process.
iv. Big Data analytics is not the simple process.

50
A6. Pick out the antonyms of the following words from the passage. (2)
a. understandable b. hide c available d. similar

EXTRACT: 4

Q.4. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)
1. Location Tracking: Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place.
Your GPS and Google Maps make use of Big Data. With geographic positioning and radio frequency
identification sensors we get the real-time data about traffic, congestion on a particular route, information
if the route is closed or if it is a one-way route, understanding accident prone areas
etc. You can plan your own route according to the travel time and the transportation of goods. If you have
ordered something online you can track the location of your goods in transit, you can also track the
condition of the goods. This has immensely helped the logistics companies to reduce risks in transport,
improve speed and reliability in delivery.
2. Understanding the Weather Patterns: There are weather sensors and satellites set-up all around the
globe. Huge amount of data is continuously being received from them. They help us to understand the
weather and help in weather forecasting. Weather patterns give us warnings of the impending natural
calamities like floods, earthquakes, tsunami etc. Necessary preparations to combat them can be made well
in advance. We can study global warming, predict availability of natural resources like water.

A1. Complete the web: (2)

.....................

Weather
..................... sensors and
...................
. satellites help
us to :

.....................
....

A2. Make point wise notes from the extract regarding the uses of Big Data in 'Location Tracking. Do not
write complete sentences. (2)

A3. Describe the method of checking the condition of the goods. (2)

A4. Narrate an incident when you/someone you know used GPS and Google Maps. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
Rewrite the sentences using 'as well as...’
(1) Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place.
(2) Weather sensors and satellites help us to unders weather and help in weather forecasting

A6. Pick out 4 nouns ending in 'tion from the extract. (2)

51
 EXTRACT: 5
Q.5. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)
4. Banking, Finance and Trading: With the Big Data analytics, the invtment patterns of the people can
be studied. New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come with suitable plans. Big
Data has enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions.
Banking and finance sector is using Big Data to predict and prevent cyber-crimes, card fraud detection,
archival of audit trails, etc. By analyzing the past data of their customers and the data on previous brute
force attacks banks can predict future attempts. Big Data not only helps in predicting cyber-crimes, but it
also helps in handling issues related to mised-transactions and failures in net banking. It can even predict
possible spikes on servers so that banks can manage transactions accordingly.
The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) is using Big Data to monitor financial markets for possible
illegal trades and suspicious activities. The SEC is using network analytics and natural language
processors to identify possible frauds in the financial markets.
High-Frequency Trading (HFT) is an area where Big Data finds a lot of use today. Here, Big Data
algorithms are used to make trading decisions. Today, the majority equity trading now takes place via
data algorithms that increasingly take into account signals from social media networks and news websites
to make, buy and sell decisions in split seconds.

A1. Write whether you Agree or Disagree with the follow statements: (2)
(i) Today, the majority of equity trading takes place via algorithms.
(ii) Big Data analytics cannot help in studying the investment patterns of people.
(iii) Big Data is useful in High Frequency Trading.
(iv) Big Data cannot predict possible spikes on servers.
A2. Complete the following: (2)
(i) Big Data helps to predict and prevent ………………………..
(ii) Banks can predict future attempts of frauds by ……………………..
(iii) SEC is using Big Data to .………………………………
(iv) Big Data algorithms are used to ..................
A3. Explain how we can understand the economy of the country from the data on Banking
and Finance. (2)
A4. Describe the precautions you take when you are asked for personal details on social media. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(i) Big Data has enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions. (Rewrite as an
interrogative question.)
(ii) Here, Big Data algorithms are used to make trading decisions. (Rewrite using a gerund in place of the
underlined word.)
A6. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B to make collocations found
in the extract: (2)
A B
i new a crimes
ii cyber b seconds
iii future c insights
iv split d attempts

52
 EXTRACT: 6
Q.6. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

3. Health Care Industry: Today, we see that people have become health conscious. The smart watches,
other wearable, health apps in our phone keep on collecting data. We can say that they are our own mini
biomedical research devices. They detect our heart rate, monitor the patient's sleep pattern, keep a record
of his exercise, the distance walked etc. The analysis of this data collected can give new insights and
provide a personalized, individual feedback to each and every person. Nowadays we have gadgets to
monitor blood sugar, blood pressure etc. at home; 24 x 7 monitoring can be provided to patients in
hospitals too. With the help of Big Data the doctors can now have better diagnosis of any ailment, the
effect of any drug etc. Unnecessary guesswork can be significantly reduced. Past records of the patients
can be maintained and better analysis of the health can be obtained. Big Data helps in monitoring the
outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. Just when you post your message, 'I'm down with flu' on WhatsApp
or Facebook it will be monitored and the areas affected by 'flu' can be easily located and necessary
precautions can be taken. Pharmaceutical companies would pay huge amount to receive the health data of
people to promote research in the particular area. With the help of the data gathered, individuals are often
given suggestions and solutions for the problems they are encountering.

A1. Complete the following: (2)

Health apps help us to :

detect .........

monitor .........

keep ..........

measure .......

A2. Make point wise notes from the lesson regarding any four of Big Data in the Health Care Industry. Do
not write complete sentences. (2)
A3. Big Data has improved the quality of life. Explain how reference to the extract. (2)
A4. Describe in brief an app that monitors your health. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(1) No other diagnosis is as good as the diagnosis done with help of Big Data. (Use 'best' and rewrite the
sentence.)
(2) No other diagnosis is as good as the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data. (Use better than' and
rewrite sentence.)
A6. Complete the giving the meanings : (2)
(i) health conscious people: people who …………………………………
(ii) smart watches: watches that ………………………………
(iii) necessary precautions : precautions that …………………………
(iv) unnecessary guesswork: guesswork that ………………………………..

53
 EXTRACT: 7
Q.7. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)
Sports: When watching a cricket match, we are shown so many permutations and combinations of
statistical analysis. A gigantic data has been created over a period of time from the recording of matches,
training sessions and workouts. The data enables a sportsperson to study his performance as well as of the
other players worldwide. It has tremendously helped in improving individual as well as team
performance. The sensors embedded in the sports equipment help us to understand our game from close
quarters. The sensors help us to understand the field conditions, the weather, individual performance etc.
Video analytics help us to see each and every performance minutely.
Advertising: Advertisers are one of the biggest players in Big Data. Be it Facebook, Google, Twitter or
any other online giant, all keep a track of the user behaviour and transactions. These internet giants
provide a great deal of data about people to the advertisers so that they can run targeted campaigns. Take
Facebook, for example, here you can target people based on buying intent, website visits, interests, job
roles, demographics demographics and what not. All this data is collected by Facebook data relating to
the algorithms using Big Data analysis techniques. The population and p same goes for Google, when you
target people based on clicks you will get different results and when you create a campaign for leads then
you will get different results. All this is made possible using Big Data.
Entertainment and Media: In the field of entertainment and media, Big Data focuses on targeting
people with the right content at the right time. Based on your past views and your behaviour online you
will be shown different recommendations. This technique is popularly used by Netflix and Youtube to
increase engagement and drive more revenues.
Now, even television broadcasters are looking to segment their viewer's database and show different
advertisements and shows accordingly. This will allow better revenue from ads and will provide a more
engaging user experience.

A1. Complete the following: (2)

(i) A huge data has been created over a period of time from ……………………………….
(II) Video analytics help one to............................
A2. Complete the web: (2)

..........

Sensors
.......... help a ..........
person

...........

A3. Explain, giving an example, the technique used by Netflix and Youtube to increase viewership. (2)

A4. Do you spend a lot of time on Facebook, Netflix, etc.? Explain your views on this being addictive. (2)

A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)

(1) Advertisers are one of the biggest players in Big Data. (Begin the sentence with Very few....'.).
(2) These internet giants provide the greatest data about people. (Begin the sentence with 'No other.........)

A6. Give the adjective forms of the following words: (2)

(i) giant (ii) interest (iii) create (iv) behavior

54
 EXTRACT: 8
Q.8. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Education Industry: Big Data has inundated the education industry. It has transformed it in leaps and
bounds. Now we have information about the students, their study patterns, and we can now prepare
customized and dynamic learning programmes according to the need of an individual student. Every
student’s comprehension level is different. The course material can now be designed catering to different
requirements of the students. Big Data makes it convenient to understand their choices, their difficulties,
information regarding various courses and their specialties; we also have an access to the results. From
the results we can gauge the progress of the students, understand his strengths and weaknesses. This will
also help in guiding the student regarding the best career for him based on his mental make-up and
abilities. An in demographics: statistical data relating to the given population and particular groups within
it Do you think people click consciously on Facebook? Discuss. Do you think Big Data will help to bring
improvement in students? 40 depth study of all this would definitely give new insights into the education
industry and help in improving the operational effectiveness and working of educational institutes. This
would in general, enhance progress of all students. Big Data has provided a solution to one of the biggest
pitfalls in the education industry that is one – size- fits- all. We have innumerable uses of Big Data. It is
helpful in scientific researches, understanding geographical phenomena, helping in the smooth working of
the government machinery etc. It is a genie in our hands. It lies in our hands to make the optimum use of
it for the benefit of mankind.

A1. Correct the sentences that are False and rewrite: (2)

(i) Every student's level of understanding is the same.

(ii) Big Data has brought about a big negative change education industry.
(iii) Designing the course material requirements of the students is a good idea.
(iv) Big Data has provided a solution to the 'one-size-fits-all’

A2. Make point wise notes from the lesson regarding the uses of Big Data in the Education Industry. Do not
write complete sentences. (2)

A3. Discuss a solution provided by Big Data. (2)

A4. Make a list of 4 negative things which can be done of Big Data. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)

(1) Every student's comprehension level is different. (Add question tag.)

(2) This will also help in guiding the student regarding best career for him. (Rewrite using the noun form
of the underlined word.)

A6. Make sentences of your own using the following expression: (2)
(1) leaps and bounds (iii) to make optimum use of

***********************

55
 1.5: THE NEW DRESS
- Virginia Woolf
Introduction
This is the story of Mabel Waring and her yellow dress. Mabel receives an invitation to a party at Mrs
Dalloway’s place. But her doubts about the dress keep her anxious throughout the little time she spends in
the party. The writer’s technique of stream of consciousness allows us to peep into Mabel’s mind and
follow her chain of thoughts.

Invitation to the Party

On receiving an invitation from Mrs Clarissa Dalloway, Mabel prepares to attend the party. She spends
hours with the dressmaker to choose a dress. After much thought and elaborate discussion, she decides on a
yellow dress. But as soon as she enters the party, a sense of self-doubt takes such a strong grip over her
mind that she keeps wondering whether or not she looks good enough.

The Beginning of the Doubt

Mabel believes that to be fashionable in London society requires a good fortune. She believes she can never
be fashionable. As soon as she enters Mrs Dalloway’s house, she meets Mrs Barnet. Mabel interprets the
look on her face to be a look of disapproval of Mabel’s dress. Her confidence is shaken and on being
greeted by the host of the party, Mabel grows more suspicious of her decision of wearing that dress. A final
look into the mirror confirms that Mabel looks unfashionable and that her dress is not appropriate.

Mabel’s Past Life

Worrying so much over a dress seems a trivial matter until we get a peep into Mabel’s mind. Her thoughts
reveal that her past life has not been easy. Mabel’s lack of confidence and her excessive self consciousness
begin to make sense when we get to know the kind of childhood she had.
Money had always been scarce in her childhood and her family had struggled to make the two ends meet. A
series of misfortune had aggravated the troubles of her poor family. Due to this, Mabel had never had an
access to the high fashion of the society. Mabel’s married life had not made things any better and she lives
in a small house with her husband Hubert and their two kids. They have no maids and can only afford bare
minimum food.

The Cause of Mabel’s Insecurities

Mabel’s modest family background explains the sense of inferiority that constantly troubles her. However,
she remains aware of the fact that the opinions of others or their approval should not be a matter of her
concern. Despite knowing that she lacks conviction, she fails to free herself from the inferiority complex.
This is because she has deeply ingrained the class differences that mark certain people as superior to others.
She nevertheless tries hard to fit in into the high fashion society of Mrs Dalloway, but fails miserably.

The Fly in the Saucer

Mabel likens her condition to that of a fly trapped in a saucer. As much as she detests this image, it is stuck
in her mind. She remembers having read it somewhere and the image of a fly trying to crawl over the edge
of a saucer now seems like her own situation. Due to a lack of self-worth, she pictures herself as a poor,
miserable fly while the other people at the party seem to her to be dragonflies, butterflies or beautiful
insects. Mabel is so consumed by her insecurities that she sees herself as inferior to everyone.

Mabel’s Need for Validation

Dressed in her pale yellow silk dress, Mabel grows highly unsure and begins to suspect that people are
mocking at her. She therefore initiates conversations with some people in hopes of getting a compliment or
validation. Her anxieties are further heightened by guests like Charles Burt. Rose Shaw’s words of praise
seem pretence to Mabel.
All praise seems mere pretence to her. Every compliment she receives is dismissed by her as merely an act
of politeness. Seeing Charles Burt and Rose Shaw engaged in a conversation, Mabel assumes they are
making fun of her yellow dress. She is further disconcerted by Mrs Holman who approaches her but talks
only of her children’s ailments.

The Yellow Dot

Seated uneasily on a blue sofa, Mabel sees her reflection in a mirror. She sees herself as a yellow dot. This
is the result of a complete absence of regard for herself and her worth, that makes her see herself reduced to
mere dot. Her diminshed reflection in the mirror symbolises the incompetent and worthless person that
Mabel has reduced herself to.
By constantly overthinking and doubting, she has begun to consider herself inferior to others like Rose
56
Shaw or Mrs. Dalloway. She believes that she is an unsatisfactory mother and a wobbly wife.

Mabel’s Resolution
After a chain of conflicted thoughts trouble her during the party, she resolves to be a changed person and
transform her life for better. But very soon, the determination fades away. Wrapped in her old Chinese
cloak, Mabel Waring leaves the party early.

Conclusion
Mabel’s insecurities stem as much from her self-conscious thoughts as from her low social standing. She
constantly feels out of place during parties but keeps attempting to fit in. She leads an unsatisfactory life at
home and considers herself worthless. This is a woman trapped in the modern dilemma of identity. She
dwells so much on her dress and cares too much for the opinions of others about herself.

Thus, Mabel Waring is an unfortunate figure who is the victim of her obsessive thoughts. She desperately
tries to elevate herself to the social standing of the high class but fails. She is an alienated, lonely figure who
is a victim of her own thoughts and of the class differences that she tries to efface.

MEANINGS
etymology: the study of the origin and history of words.
archaeology: the scientific study of material remains (such as tools, pottery, jewelry, stone walls, and
monuments) of past human life and activities.
satirical : sarcastic
chastised : punished
suffused: filled with.
wrinkles: folds or creases in the skin.
simpered : smiled in an affectedly coy or silly manner
slouched: moved in a lazy, drooping way
slinking: moving quietly and stealthily
shoved: pushed
ruffled: loss of calmness.
Veneer: superficial appearance
scarlet fever: a bacterial illness; symptoms are a bright red rash that covers most of the body, a sore throat
and a high fever.
self-loathing: self-hatred.
crest of a wave: the top of a wave
by degrees: gradually
rest of a wave: the top of a wave

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. There are a few other characters mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way their reactions help us
to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Ans: Mabel told Robert Haydon that she felt like some dowdy, decrepit, horribly dingy old fly. She said it
to reassure herself and appear detached and witty, and to show that she did not feel in the least out of
anything.
Robert Haydon probably replied something to praise her, which Mabel felt was just politeness, and that he
was being insincere. Though she was constantly looking for approval from others, she always felt
suspicious when someone actually praised her, or said something in her favour. This shows that she has no
self-esteem and a very big inferiority complex.

57
2. Pick out the sentence/s from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs.
Dalloway’s place.
Ans: 1. If she had been dressed like Rose Shaw, in lovely, clinging green with a ruffle of swansdown.
2. For she would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her
by the fireplace.
3.Mrs. Barnet, while handing her the mirror and touching the brushes and thus drawing her attention,
perhaps rather markedly, to all the appliances for tidying and improving hair, complexion, clothes, which
existed on the dressing table. She was a fly, but the others were dragonflies, butterflies, beautiful insects,
dancing, fluttering, skimming.

3. Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out two sentences supporting the above
statement.
Ans: 1. It seemed to her that the yellow dress was a penance which she had deserved.
2. Then Mrs Holman was off, thinking her the most dried-up, unsympathetic twig she had ever met,
absurdly dressed, too, and would tell every one about Mabel’s fantastic appearance.
3. If she had been dressed like Rose Shaw, in lovely, clinging green with a ruffle of swansdown.
4. For she would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her
by the fireplace.

4. The cause of Miss Mabel’s disappointment is not only her poor background in the past but her too
much bookishness also Substantiate.
Ans: To a certain extent this is true. She keeps thinking about the depressing lines she has read written by
Shakespeare; she also keeps thinking of the story of the fly and the saucer, and how she is a fly and the
others are dragonflies, butterflies and beautiful insects. Probably her over-active imagination, which led to
her continuous disappointment with various things, was also due to extensive reading.

5. Do you appreciate Mabel’s tendency of deciding her own value from the comments given by
others? Explain your views.
Ans: No, I don’t. We all have our own likes and dislikes; we should wear what we like and behave in the
manner we think is appropriate. We should not depend on the approval and comments of others to decide
our value and worth. This is done only by those who have no confidence in themselves and no self-esteem.

6. Write the synonyms for the word ‘dress’ by filling appropriate letters in the blanks. One is done for
you.
Answer: (a) a t t i r e (b) g a r b (c) c o s t u m e (d) g a r m e n t (e) o u t f i t (f) a p p a r e l

7. Virginia Woolf has created many characters other than Miss Mabel with great skill. Write a
character sketch of any one of them.
Ans: One of the guests at Mrs. Dalloway’s party was Charles Burt. Mabel was impressed by him and
longing for some praise from him. However, he was a malicious person, with no heart, no fundamental
kindness and only a superficial appearance of friendliness. He liked to poke fun at people and see their
reactions. He probably also liked to gossip about people and discuss them behind their backs, but his
opinion made a great difference to Mabel.

8. Pick out the sentences that are false and write them correctly:
1. Mabel was not at all confident when she went into the room. True
2. Rose Shaw was actually looking very fierce and tragic. False
Corrected Statement: Mabel imagined that Rose Shaw would look very fierce and tragic.
3. Charles Burt wanted to talk to Mabel. False
Corrected Statement: Mabel wanted to talk to Charles Burt.
4. Charles Burt told Mabel that she was looking charming. False
Corrected Statement: Mabel wished that Charles Burt had told her that she was looking charming.

58
9. Who said to whom:
Complete the following table:
Ans:

The words Who said To whom

“I have enjoyed myself.” Mabel Mr. Dollaway
“Lies, lies, lies!” Mabel To herself
“But it’s too early to go.” Mrs. Dollaway Mabel
“Right in the Saucer!” mabel To herself

10. Critically analyze Mabel’s weak economic conditions in the past as one of the reasons that led her
to choose the old-fashioned dress.
Ans: Mabel did not belong to a rich family. She was one of a family of ten. They always had to be careful
about their expenses, always counting the pennies. Her mother had to carry big cans the linoleum on the
stairs was worn off, and there was always some minor domestic tragedy taking place.
Even when they went to seaside resorts, they stayed at lodges which never faced the sea directly, but at an
odd angle, so that they had to squint to see the sea. Maybe indirectly she was still fighting with her weak
economic conditions of the past, and this had made her choose the old-fashioned dress or it could have been
some memories of the past that made her do it.

11. Who was Mrs. Barnet? Describe her behaviour.

Ans: Mrs. Barnet was probably the maid or housekeeper. She held the mirror, touched the brushes, and
drew Mabel’s attention, rather markedly, to the appliances kept on the dressing table for improving one’s
looks. She indirectly indicated to Mabel that something about Mabel’s looks was not quite right.

12. Describe the dress Mabel was wearing, What had been Mabel’s thoughts about it earlier?
Ans: The dress was a pale yellow, old-fashioned silk dress, with a long skirt and high sleeves and waist. It
had looked so charming in the fashion book, but not on her. Mabel had thought earlier that the dress would I
make her look modest, old-fashioned and charming.

13. What did Mabel say to Robert Haydon, and why did she say it? Describe their interactions.
Ans: Mabel said that she felt like some dowdy, decrepit, horribly dingy old fly. She said it to reassure
herself and appear detached and witty, and to show that she did not feel in the least out of anything. Robert
Haydon heard this and replied with some polite and insincere words.

14. Describe Miss Milan.

Ans: Miss Milan was poor and hard-working. Her face was red and her eyes bulged. Her pleasures in life
were few and cheap; one of them was allowing her pet canary to pick a hemp-seed from between her lips.
She was patient and had to endure a lot of difficulties.

15. Describe Mabel’s behaviour as she entered the room.

Ans: Mabel went out into the room, as if spears were thrown at her yellow dress from all sides. But instead
of looking fierce or tragic, she looked foolish and self-conscious. She smiled in a silly way, like a
schoolgirl, and slouched across the room, moving quietly, as if she were a beaten dog. She then stood by
herself and looked at a picture-from shame, from humiliation.

16. What had been Mabel’s dreams before marriage? Did they come true?
Ans: Mabel had dreamt of living in India, married to some hero like Sir Henry Lawrence, or some empire
builder. However, she had failed utterly, and had married Hubert, who had an ordinary job in the Law
Courts. They lived in a small house without proper maids.

17. Discuss Mabel’s opinion of herself as a wife and mother.

Ans: Mabel felt that she had always been a fretful, weak, unsatisfactory mother, and an unsteady and
uncertain wife. She felt that she was hanging about lazily in a kind of twilight existence with nothing very
clear or very bold, or standing out.

59
18. Describe the actions of the fly in Mabel’s imagination. Would the fly behave in the same way (as it
did in her imagination), now that she was forty?
Ans:The fly in her imagination suddenly struggled out sometimes. But now that she was forty, she felt that
the fly, and she, Mabel, would gradually cease to struggle any more.

19. Describe Mabel’s plans and expectations for the next day.
Ans: Mabel planned that she would go to the London Library the next day. She would find some wonderful,
helpful, astonishing book, by a clergyman or by an American no one had ever heard of or she would walk
down the Strand and drop into a hall where a miner was telling about the life in the pit, and suddenly she
would become a new person. She would be transformed. She would wear a uniform; somebody would call
her Sister: she would never give a thought to clothes again. And after that she would be perfectly clear
about Charles Burt and Miss Milan forever.

20. There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/ her reactions help us to
understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Ans: Mrs. Barnet touched the brushes and drew Mabel’s attention, rather markedly, to the appliances kept
on the dressing table for improving one’s looks. She indirectly indicated to Mabel that something about
Mabel’s looks was not quite right. Mabel immediately lost whatever confidence she had. This shows us that
Mabel’s inferiority complex was so deep and strong that even a housekeeper’s hint rattled her and made her
lose confidence.

21. Complete the following:

‘RIGHT’ signifies ………………. .
Ans: ‘RIGHT’ signifies the suitability of the dress for the occasion.

22. Complete the following:

She was afraid of looking in the mirror/glass because
Ans: She was afraid of looking in the mirror/glass because she felt that she looked horrible in the pale
yellow, old-fashioned silk dress, with a long skirt and high sleeves and waist.

23. There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/her reactions help us to
understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Ans: Rose Shaw looked at Mabel up and down, twisting her lips in a sarcastic manner, Mabel had expected
her to do this. Mabel also felt that Rose and all the others present were dressed, as always, in the height of
fashion. This shows us how sensitive Mabel was to the behaviour of others and how she thought j that they
were always right in fashion, while she was not. This indicates Mabel’s lack of self-esteem and self-worth.

24. What was Mabel’s imagination about flies?

Ans: Mabel felt that we are all like flies trying to crawl over the edge of the saucer, some crawling slowly
with their wings stuck together. In order to make the other people at the party look insignificant and
unimportant, she tried hard to visualize them as poor, struggling flies, trying to pull themselves out of
something or into something.
However, her inferiority complex was so strong that she ultimately saw only herself as a fly trying to drag
itself out of the saucer. She saw the others as dragonflies, butterflies, beautiful insects, dancing, fluttering
and skimming lightly.

25. Discuss different pessimistic thoughts in Mabel’s mind.

Ans: Mabel felt that all the thrill she had felt in her dress had vanished when she entered Mrs. Dalloway’s
drawing room, and her eyes were opened to the reality of the dress. She felt depressed and weak that at her
age, and with two children, she cared so much about the opinions of other people and did not have any
principles or convictions of her own. She was upset that she could not take things lightly, as others did. She
found plenty of faults in herself.

26. There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/ her reactions help us to
understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Ans: Mabel told Charles Burt that ‘it’ was old- fashioned, hoping that he would think it was the picture she

60
was talking about, and not her dress. She longed for Charles’ approval, and hoped he would say that she
looked charming. But Charles Burt laughed at her, and this upset her tremendously.
She wished she had the confidence to be sure that Miss Milan was right about her dress and Charles was
wrong, but unfortunately that was not so, and Charles’ laughter and his malice made her feel even more
humiliated and inferior than before. This shows us that Mabel depended heavily on the approval of others
and had no self-esteem.
27. There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/her reactions help us to
understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Ans: When Mrs. Holman asked her questions about Elmthorpe and other things, Mabel was furious to be
treated like a house agent or a messenger boy, to be made use of. It shows that she is insecure about herself,
and feels that people are always humiliating her. Even a person like Mrs. Holman, who is having a difficult
time with her family, can make Mabel feel insecure and inferior.

28. There are a few other characters mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way their reactions help us
to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Ans:
Mabel thought that Charles Burt and Rose Shaw were chatting together by the fireplace and laughing at her.
She could not hear them, but this was her imagination and inferiority complex which made her think so.
Mabel even felt that poor Mrs. Holman was laughing at her dress, and that she would tell everyone about it.
Mrs. Holman had so many of her own problems that she probably never even thought of it, but Mabel’s lack
of confidence made her feel so.

29. Describe Mabel’s ‘delicious/divine’ and ‘flat’ moments. Was there a reason for them?
Ans: The delicious moments of Mabel’s life were reading contentedly in bed, or being down by the sea in
the sun and sand at Easter, listening to the melody of the waves and the happy shouts of the children
paddling in the water. Also, sometimes she had these moments with Hubert, when he was carving the
mutton for Sunday lunch, opening a letter, or coming into the room. On the other hand, sometimes, when
everything was arranged – music, weather, holidays – and there was every reason for happiness, it turned
suddenly flat.

Personal Response:
1. List the criteria you use to choose a dress/outfit.
Ans: When I buy a dress, the first thing I look at is the price. If it is beyond my budget, I don’t even think of
buying it, however much I like it. I then look at the colour and cut. I do not go in for branded stuff as I feel
they are unnecessarily expensive. I am careful while buying clothes as I have limited pocket money. I try to
buy things which I can mix and match.

2. Describe the kind of clothes you wear to college. Do you feel that your clothes do not match to those
worn by your friends?
Ans: I normally wear jeans and T-shirts to college. Everyone else wears the same. All my friends belong to
middle-class families, and none of us go in for very fashionable or expensive clothes. I only try to choose
colours that I know will look good on me. So, I am quite comfortable with my clothes and know that I look
what I am – a young college student!

3. Do you look for approval from others when you do something/wear something?
Ans: Yes, to a certain extent I do. After all, we are not solitary human beings, we live in society. When I
wear a dress that I think is good, I like others to approve of it too. But I do not get upset if they don’t,
because I know that everybody’s tastes are different. In the same way, if I do something outstanding and no
one notices it, I do get a bit upset but then I console myself that I am happy, and that is what matters.

4. Name some simple things that make you feel really happy. Explain why it is so.
Ans: I feel really happy at the beginning of spring. Just outside my bedroom window there are a few trees
which lose their leaves in winter, but get fresh, tender green leaves in March. I watch the increase of leaves
daily, and feel very happy. It sort of makes me feel that there is hope and life everywhere, even after a
dreary winter.

61
5. Does your attention often wander when people are talking to you? Give examples.
Ans: No, in general it does not. I try to pay full attention when someone is talking to me. But if the person is
very slow, or is talking on a very boring topic or boasting, then my attention does wander. For example, the
other day my neighbour Aditya was telling me in great detail about some great thing that he did. Aditya is a
big liar, and exaggerates everything, so my attention wandered and he got upset with me!

6. Do you feel nervous/confident when you are at a party? Give examples.

Ans: If I am attending a party where I do not know the people very well, then I feel nervous. For example, I
was invited to a party at my school teacher’s house, in the next building. I did not know anyone there except
my teacher, and I felt quite nervous. But when I attend a friend’s party, or a family gathering then I do not
feel nervous at all. In fact, I look forward to such parties.
7. Describe your relationship with your siblings/cousins.
Ans: I have an elder sister, who is two years older than me. I get along very well with her, because she is
kind and very loving. She helps me a lot in my studies, and in choosing my clothes. She has many friends,
and I know all of them and get along well with them. We enjoy watching movies at home and listening to
music.
8. Describe one fulfilled/unfulfilled dream of yours.
Ans: I am an avid reader. I have read many books written by English authors, in which they have described
places in England and Scotland, and the beautiful green scenery. It had been my dream to see all this at least
once, but it had seemed impossible, as it would have been very expensive. Then one fine day, a cousin got
married in Scotland, and she wanted all of us to be present. My parents decided to go and take me along.
We toured UK for fifteen days after the wedding, and my dream was fulfilled.

9. Do you appreciate Mabel’s tendency of deciding her own value from the comments given by
others? Explain your views.
Ans: No, I don’t. We all have our own likes and dislikes; we should wear what we like and behave in the
manner we think is appropriate. We should not depend on the approval and comments of others to decide
our value and worth. This is done only by those who have no confidence in themselves and no self-esteem.

Language Study:

1) Mabel had her first serious suspicion that something was wrong as she took her cloak off.
(Frame a wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Ans: When did Mabel have her first serious suspicion that something was wrong?

2) What a fright she looks! What a hideous new dress! (Rewrite as assertive sentences.)
Ans: She looks a real fright. The new dress is very hideous.

3) “How dull!” (Rewrite as an assertive sentence)

Ans. It was very dull.

4) She dared not look in the glass. She could not face the whole horror. (Rewrite as affirmative sentences.)
Ans: She was afraid to look in the glass. She was unable to face the whole horror.

5) If she could say that over often enough, she would become numb, chill, frozen, dumb.
(Pick out the clauses and state their type.)
Ans: she would become numb, chill, frozen, dumb – main clause
If she could say that over often enough – adverb clause of condition

6) “Lies! Lies! Lies!” (Rewrite as an assertive sentence.)

Ans: It was all lies.

7) Now she could see flies crawling slowly out of a saucer of milk. (Rewrite using ‘able’.)
Ans: Now she was able to see flies crawling slowly out of a saucer of milk.

62
8) It smelt of clothes and cabbage cooking; and yet, when Miss Milan put the glass in her hand, an
extraordinary bliss shot through her heart. (Rewrite using ‘though’.)
Ans: Though it smelt of clothes and cabbage cooking, when Miss Milan put the glass in her hand, an
extraordinary bliss shot through her heart.

9) She felt much, much fonder of Miss Milan than of any one in the whole world.
(Rewrite using ‘as fond … as’.)
Ans: She did not feel as fond of anyone in the whole world as she felt of Miss Milan.

10) Suffused with light, she sprang into existence. (Rewrite as a compound sentence.)
Ans: She was suffused with light and sprang into existence.

11) If he had only said, “Mabel, you’re looking charming tonight!” it would have changed her life. (Change
into indirect speech)
Ans: If he had only told Mabel that she was looking charming that night, it would have changed her life.

12) “Mabel’s got a new dress!” he said. (Change into indirect speech)
Ans: He said that Mabel had got a new dress.

13) “Why,” she asked herself, “can’t I feel one thing always, feel quite sure that Miss Milan is right, and
Charles wrong and stick to it?” (Change into indirect speech)
Ans: She asked herself why she couldn’t feel one thing always, feel quite sure that Miss Milan was right,
and Charles wrong and stick to it?

14) Then Mrs. Holman, seeing her standing there, bore down upon her. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Ans: Then Mrs. Holman, who saw her standing there, bore down upon her.

15) Mrs. Holman looked at it suspiciously. (Frame a wh-question to get the underlined word as the
answer.)
Ans: How did Mrs. Holman look at it?

16) Though Mrs. Holman was leaning forward and telling her how her eldest boy had strained his heart
running, she could see her, too, quite detached in the looking glass. (Rewrite using ‘yet’.)
Ans: Mrs. Holman was leaning forward and telling her how her eldest boy had strained his heart running;
yet, she could see her, too, quite detached in the looking glass.

17) She knew that she was condemned. (Identify the clauses.)
Ans: She knew – main clause
that she was condemned – subordinate noun clause

18) She would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her by
the fireplace. (Rewrite using ‘who’.)
Ans: She would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, who were chattering like magpies and perhaps
laughing at her by the fireplace.

19) She had married Hubert, with his safe, permanent underling’s job in the Law Courts, and they managed
tolerably in a smallish house, without proper maids. (Pick out the verbs and state their tense.)
Ans: had married – past perfect tense; managed – simple past tense.

20) By degrees she would cease to struggle any more. (Rewrite using an adverb of the same meaning in
place of the underlined expression.)
Ans: Gradually, she would cease to struggle any more.

21) It didn’t matter so long as one never said them. (Rewrite using ‘unless’)
Ans: It didn’t matter unless one said them.

63
22) With Hubert sometimes she had divine moments. (Rewrite beginning ‘Divine moments…’.)
Ans: Divine moments were had with Hubert sometimes.

23) ‘I have enjoyed myself,” she said to Mr. Dalloway, whom she met on the stairs. (Rewrite using
indirect speech.)
Ans: She told Mr. Dalloway, whom she met on the stairs, that she had enjoyed herself.

24) She thanked Mrs. Barnet for helping her. (Rewrite using ‘because’.)
Ans: She thanked Mrs. Barnet because she had helped her.

25) She would never give a thought to clothes again. (Add a question tag.)
Ans: She would never give a thought to clothes again, would she?

EXTRACT: 1

Q.1. Read the given extract and complete the activity given below: (12 Marks)

What she had thought that evening when, sitting over the teacups. Mrs. Dalloway's invitation came, was
that, of course, she could not be fashionable. It was absurd to pretend it even - fashion meant cut, meant
style, meant thirty guineas at least - but why not be original? Why not be herself, anyhow? And, getting
up, she had taken that old fashion book of her mother's, a Paris fashion book of the time of the Empire,
and had thought how much prettier, more dignified, and more womanly they were then, and so set herself-
oh. It was foolish trying to be like them, pluming herself in fact, upon being modest and old-fashioned,
and very charming, giving herself up, no doubt about it, to an orgy of self-love, which deserved to be
chastised, and so rigged herself out like this.
But she dared not look in the glass. She could not face the whole horror the pale yellow, Idiotically old-
fashioned silk dress with its long skirt and its high sleeves and its waist and all the things that looked so
charming in the fashion book, but not on her, not among all these ordinary people. She felt like a
dressmaker's dummy standing there, for young people to stick pins into. "But, my dear, it's perfectly
charming!" Rose Shaw said, looking her up and down with that little satirical pucker of the lips which she
expected - Rose herself being dressed in the height of the fashion, precisely like everybody else, always.
We are all like flies trying to crawl over the edge of the saucer, Mabel thought, and repeated the phrase as
if she were crossing herself, as if she were trying to find some spell to annul this pain, to make this agony
endurable. Tags of Shakespeare, lines from books she had read ages ago, suddenly came to her when she
was in agony, and she repeated them over and over again. "Flies trying to crawl.

A1. Following are four statements from the extract which are in jumbled order. Put them in a way
they have occurred in the extract and rewrite them again. (2)

(i)The lines Mabel repeated again and again in agony, 'Flies trying to call'.
(ii) Rose Shaw appreciated Mabel's dress saying, 'It is perfectly charming.
(iii) When sitting over tea cups Mabel received Mrs. Doloway's invitation for party.
(iv) The book that Mabel was reading Paris Fashion Book.

A2 Complete the following: (2)

(i) For Mabel fashion means __________________________

(ii) Mabel was afraid of looking in mirror because ________________________________

A3. "Mabel is thinking too much about her dress”. Find out two sentences from the extract supporting the
given statement. (2)

A4. In this extract Mabel is seen deciding her own value from the comments given by others. Explain your
personal view about it in four to five sentences. (2)

64
A5. Language study: (2)

(i) It was absurd to pretend it. (Use "gerund" and rewrite the sentence)
(ii) She could not face the whole horror. (Make it affirmative)
A6 Vocabulary: (2)
Find out the words from the extract which mean:
(i) Foolish / irrational
(ii) too much / excess
(iii) to punish or scold someone
(iv) reduce to nothing.

***********

65
 1.6: INTO THE WILD
- Kiran Purandare

Introduction
This chapter introduces us to two wildlife experts namely, Kiran Purandare and Shaaz Jung. The first part is
Purandare’s account of how he lost his way in the jungle during one of his wildlife projects. The second part
is about the incident that prompted Shaaz Jung to become a wildlife photographer and conservationist.

Part – I: Lost in the Jungle

Taken from the book ‘Sakha Nagzira’, this is Purandare’s account of his experiences in the jungle. The
narrator recounts an episode from his 400-days study in Nagzira forest area. After a productive day of field
study in the jungle, he was on his way back to his lodgings in village Pitezari when he was alerted by the
alarm calls of a gang of Langurs.
He knew that only the threat of a predator like a Tiger or a Leopard could cause such commotion. The
narrator followed the target sight of the Langurs and examined it for any traces of a predator. He saw a spot
of fresh animal droppings which confirmed the presence of a leopard nearby. He hurriedly left the place and
advanced on his way.
Ahead on his way, he met a village man named Raju Iskape. Raju too had heard the alarm calls and had
therefore decided not to go close to the site. The two men chatted for a while before their ways parted. Left
alone in the jungle once again, Purandare climbed a hillock and moved forward until he realised that he was
on the wrong path. It was the sunset time and the realisation that he had lost his way made the narrator panic
for a while.
After some thought, the narrator started following the same path that he had come from. Moving at a quick
pace, he spotted marks of bicycle wheel on the soil. Now assured of human presence close by, he climbed
another hillock and could finally see the presence of human civilization.
Totally exhausted, he eventually reached the village where he bathed and ate heartily. Back in the safe
proximity of humans, the narrator amused on the thought that somewhere in the world the jungle still exists
and it is a blessing that one is not lost in that wilderness.

Part – II: Tracking the Panther of Nagarhole

This is an account about Shaaz Jung, the wildlife photographer and man-animal conflict resolution seeker.
He works in the jungles of Nagarhole or the Rajiv Gandhi National Park. He also showcases his
photography in art galleries around the world. Jung also leads many photography safaris in the dense forests
of Africa.
His journey started with an interesting incident. He recalls that he once encountered two leopards, one an
old, tired leopard and the other, a young and active one full of energy and strength. To Jung, they seemed to
be symbols of the past and the present, respectively. He sensed that the two were about to have a fight, but
he could not stay to witness the battle between the two big cats.
Curiosity brought him back to the same spot the next morning and he saw the young leopard was still there
with blood dripping from a cut on his face. It seemed to have been victorious and was seated like the “king
of the jungle”. This interesting incident initiated Jung into the field of wildlife photography.
Jung gained fame and admiration for his photographs of the young leopard whom he had named Scarface.
He also went on to photograph other leopards like the old leopard who had lost to Scarface. One of the
important protagonists of his photographs was Saya, a black panther whose behaviour Jung documented on
his camera.
Jung did not limit himself to photography only but also went on to create Buffer Conflict Resolution Trust
of India (BCRTI) in order to educate villagers who live on the peripheries of forests. Jung strives to resolve
the man versus animal conflict. The absence of a buffer zone to separate the areas of the village from the
forest has created a conflict between the two sides. Animals like elephants and even tigers often walk into
the residential areas and harm the crops. There is, therefore, a feeling of fear and a threat of the wild animals
to the lives of the villagers.
Jung started a training program for villagers in order to educate them about merits of conservation of
wildlife and how it can be achieved. This training has been funded by tourist currency that comes from
numerous wildlife resorts in the Nagarhole area.
66
A villager named Madegowda, who initially despised the animals because they destroyed his crops, is now
a certified naturalist who works with ‘The Bison’. With his knowledge of animals and their sounds, he
guides visitors to the animals and earns this way. He has come to believe that listening is more important
than sight. All it requires is shutting off other sounds and listening patiently to the jungle.
Conclusion
Both the accounts conclude that the jungle can be both adventurous and dangerous at the same time. They
also prove that an understanding of animal behaviour and their habitats, can help in mitigating the human-
animal conflict. Though full of dangers, wilderness is not a threat if humans and animals can learn to co-
exist peacefully. The task of wildlife conservation can be achieved by more wildlife enthusiasts like Kiran
Purandare and Shaaz Jung.

Meanings:
upheaval – uproar; disturbance.
predator – an animal that preys on other animals.
hovering – fluttering in the air.
antelope – deer-like animal with hollow horns
Spooked- frightened
felines - belonging to the cat family,
chronicler - a person who records something.
stacked – piled one on top of the other
in a jiffy - in a moment; very soon
hide – a place built to look like its surrounding
avifauna – birds of a particular region, habitat or ecological period
camouflaged – disguised by covering it to make it blend in with the surroundings
apex – topmost
lair - den , secret place
legion – a great number of people or things
scat – animal droppings
sanctum sanctorum – the holy of holies, a place ,region where few are allowed as the secret/ important work
is done
instinctively – without conscious thought, by natural response
haven – a place of safety or refuge
gorge – a narrow gully between hillocks
deciduous – having trees that shed leaves in the dry season
tropical – of the tropics
to one’s heart’s content – to the fullest level of satisfaction
frantic – hurried and excited
slumped – fell heavily
sagging – drooping logs
gash – long, deep cut
piece together ; create something by joining the separate parts of it together

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q.1. Correct the false statements:
1. Earlier Shaaz was in the field of finance. True
2. The writer saw the fight between the two leopards. False
Corrected sentence: The writer did not see the fight between the two leopards
3. The photograph of the old leopard made Shaaz famous. False.
Corrected sentence: The writer did not see the fight between the two leopards

4. Saya is a black panther.

5. The narrator had made notes of the langurs in the region. False
Corrected Sentences: The narrator had made notes of the birds in the region.

67
6. One has to be really alert while walking in the jungle. True
7. The leopard was petrified. False
Corrected sentence: The langurs were petrified
8. There was a lot of noise in the jungle. True
9.BCRTI was founded out of the genuine urge to conserve the habitat of the wild life. True
10. Shaaz failed to utilize the finance incurred out of tourism. False
Corrected statement: Shaaz put the finance incurred out of tourism to good use
11. According to the local agriculturist seeing is more essential than listening. False
Corrected statement: According to the local agriculturist listening is more essential than seeing.
12. There was no specific buffer zone around Nagarhole. True

Q.2.Complete the given web:

the
lantern
of a farm

sound of Signs of the droppings

people
talking in the vicinity of of blue
bulls
loud speaker the village

marks of a
bicycle
wheel

Q.3. Complete the following:

Responsibilities handled by Shaaz:

i) He is a wildlife photographer, cinematographer and a big- cat tracker.
ii) He is a man-animal conflict resolution seeker, speaking to those interested in conversing the planet’s
riches.
iii) He leads photographic safaris in Africa.
iv) He showcases his work at Art Galleries in capital cities.
v) He is a lodge owner and chronicler of the wild.

Q.4. Complete the flow chart stating the reactions of the petrified Langurs due to the presence of the
Leopard.

Ans:
Khyak Alarm call

leader of the gang making alarm

calls

rest of the Langur brigade continue

raising the alarm calls

speeding the tre tops nea and far

smaller langurs also giving alarm

calls

68
Q.5. Complete the web, describing each step taken by the writer as a solitary traveller while moving
in the jungle with great precaution:

Ans:
camouflaging the
hide

scanning the area

Precautions taken by the

visually

trying to make
minimal sound
writer
watching with wide-
open eyes

treading cautiously
among the leaves

grasping various
sounds

Q.6. Complete the following:

Ans: 1. Shaaz named the leopards:
(a) Saya
(b) Scarface
(c) Pardus

Q.7.Give Reasons:
1. The visitors are welcomed because ______________
Ans: The visitors are welcomed because they can volunteer to teach a skills training class of their choice.
This enables locals to find employment either at the numerous wildlife resorts in the region or in a city.

2. After meeting Raju, the writer and Raju both felt relaxed because ________________
Ans: After meeting Raju, the writer and Raju both felt relaxed because now there were two of them-four
eyes and four hands with a stick-to find their way out of the jungle and to battle predators.
3. The time was dreadful because _____________
Ans. The time was dreadful because it was evening and the sun was setting. Being alone in the jungle at
night time with predators all around was dreadful.
4. The Bison is ____________
Ans: The Bison is an eco-friendly wildlife camp in South India. It offers some great opportunities for
youngsters to learn about the area, people, the man-animal conflict, eco-tourism and hotel management.
Q8. Pick out from the extract four sentences that show that the writer was frightened.
Ans: The evening breeze flew through my wet curled hair.
My stomach was aching.
My legs were trembling.
The shaking of limbs had lessened a bit.
Q.9. Describe the meaning of the acronym BCRTI and explain its benefits to the local people.
Ans: The BCRTI is ‘Buffer Conflict Resolution Trust of India’. It’s an agency that educates villagers who
live on the fringe of the forest on the importance of conservation. Under the BCRTI umbrella, Shaaz
provides locals with vocational training, with the aim of educating them on the merits of conservation and
to help them benefit from tourist currency. The visitors at the resort are welcome to volunteer to teach a
skills training class of their choice. The acquired skills enable locals to find employment.

69
Q.10. Explain: ‘I was alone here like a fox.’
Ans: Foxes are solitary creatures. They move around and hunt alone. In the same way, the narrator
was alone; he had come to the forest alone to do his research, and now he was going back to the
village all alone. Hence, he compares himself to a fox.

Q.11. Give the meaning of the word ‘hide’ in the context and give reasons for its usage here.
Ans: A hide is a camouflaged shelter used to get a close view of wildlife. It is a place built to look like its
surrounding. The writer was observing birds and noting their behaviour. If he was visible, the birds would
not come near him or act in a natural manner. Hence, he had to build a hide, conceal himself in it and then
observe birds unnoticed.

Q.12. What is called ‘silver lining’ of the trail by the writer? Why?
Ans: The writer had lost his way in the jungle and was desperate to find a village and civilization. Then he
found a bright red soil trail with the marks of a bicycle wheel on it. These marks showed that there was a
village nearby. To the frightened and desperate writer, this was like a ‘silver lining’.

Q.13. The writer said, “There still exists a jungle where we can get lost, isn’t this our good luck?”
What does he mean by this?
Ans: Human beings have tried to take over all the natural areas of the world. We have encroached on
jungles and forests, and there are human inhabitations within the jungles too. To find a jungle where there is
no sign of human life, and one can still get lost, shows that there are some areas untouched by humans and
left to nature. That is what the writer called ‘our good luck’.

Q.14. Describe Shaaz’s meetings with Scarface.

Ans: One day, at sunset, Shaaz and his companions went round a blind turn and saw an old leopard, well
past his prime. Close to him was another very young, good-looking male leopard who was soon to come
into his prime. It was like looking at the past and the present. It was clear that there was going to be a fight.
However, they had to leave as it was sunset.
The next day, when Shaaz went back to the spot, sitting on the high rock was Scarface, blood dripping from
a gash across his face. He sat there like he was the king of the jungle, and Shaaz knew that he had taken
over from the old leopard, and it was a new journey for both of them.

Personal Response:
1. Describe a safari you have been on or a trip through a forest. Narrate your experience in brief.
Ans: I have gone to the Periyar National Park in Kerala. It is in the Western Ghats. This wildlife sanctuary
is home to tigers and elephants. There are also deer, leopards and Indian bison. I have also been on a boat
ride in the Periyar Lake. It was a wonderful experience to see tigers drinking at the watering holes. I really
enjoyed the experience and will repeat it as soon as I can.
2. Have you ever been lost/lost your way? Narrate the experience.
Ans: Yes, once when I was in Panchgani with my family I got lost. I decided to go for a walk alone. I set
out without finding out the name of the road on which our hotel was situated. As I was walking, it suddenly
began to rain heavily, and got quite dark. When I looked around I found that I was in a sort of a jungle. I
was terrified; then I met a villager, but he could not help me. I did not even have my cellphone with me. I
was in tears when all at once I saw my hotel. I had walked round in circles! I was very relieved. It was
indeed a frightening experience.

3. How do you relax at the end of a tiring day? Give a brief description.
Ans: At the end of a tiring day, I pick up a nice book or watch a good film on TV or Netflix. This relaxes
me completely. If I go to sleep j directly, I am too tired and do not get good sleep. But if I spend half an
hour or so unwinding, I really feel relaxed and sleepy.

4. Would you like to meet wild animals face to face? Give reasons to support your answer.
Ans: No, I would not. I like to see wild animals only on TV. I feel that we should not intrude into their
territory, and leave them to live in peace. Besides, they are wild and not tame, and one never knows how
they may behave. I have read about a lot of people being killed by wild animals.

70
 TEXTUAL -GRAMMAR

(i) Begin the following sentences with the words given in the brackets:
1) I can guide visitors. (Visitors….)
Ans: Visitors can be guided by me.

2) Animals are paying me back. (I……..)

Ans: I am being paid back by animals.

3) Madegowda is employed by The Bison. (The Bison )

Ans: The Bison employs Madegowda.

4) Older leopards like Pardus carry away livestock from villages. (Livestock….)
Ans: Livestock are carried away from villages by older leopards like Pardus.

5) I have lost almost 80 per cent of a season’s yield of sugarcane. (Almost 80 per cent……)
Ans: Almost 80 per cent of a season’s yield of sugarcane has been lost by me.

6) Tracking an animal also teaches you life lessons. (Life lessons……)

Ans: Life lessons are also taught by tracking an animal.

7) Many things have been taught to me by the forests. (The forests…..)

Ans: The forests have taught me many things.

8) Resentment among locals towards the animals is created by this. (This……)

Ans: This creates resentment among locals towards the animals.

9) Rewrite the sentences by using ‘not only…… but also’:

1) The petrified Langurs speeded to the trees near and far and secured their places on the treetops.
Ans. 1. The petrified Langurs not only speeded to the trees near and far but also secured their places on the
treetops.

2) Umbarzara is the haven for Tigers, Leopards and Sloth Bears.

Ans: Umbarzara is the haven not only for Tigers but also for Leopards and Sloth Bears.

3) I crossed the cement pillar and stones stacked by the Forest Development Corporation
Ans: I crossed not only the cement pillar but also the stones stacked by the Forest Development
Corporation.

10) The surroundings were reminding me. (Rewrite beginning the sentence with ‘I…)
Ans: I was being reminded by the surroundings.

11) I had apparently entered in the sanctum sanctorum of a miracle called leopard.
(Pick out the finite verb/s and state the tense.)
Ans: had entered – past perfect tense.

12) Raju was amazed at my solitary visits to Umbarzara. (Rewrite beginning ‘My solitary’)
Ans: My solitary visits to Umbarzara amazed Raju.

13) Then we both resumed our walking tour. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Ans: walking-present participle acting as an adjective.

14) I found a bright red soil trail. (Rewrite beginning with ‘A ’)

Ans: A bright red soil trail was found by me.

71
15) I had no other way to climb the hillock before me. (Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)
Ans: This was the only way I had to climb the hillock before me.

16) I climbed one more hillock and tried to locate signs of human civilization. (Rewrite beginning
‘Climbing’.)
Ans: Climbing one more hillock, I tried to locate signs of human civilization.

17) The behaviour of the first black panther is being documented. (They….)
Ans: They are documenting the behaviour of the first black panther.

18) All the research on the animal has been done through camera traps. (They….)
Ans: They have done all the research on the animal through camera traps.

19) Shaaz recalls the incident with great clarity. (Rewrite the sentence replacing the underlined
expression with a single word.)
Ans: Shaaz recalls the incident clearly.

20) Unfortunately, the sun was setting and we had to leave. (Rewrite using ‘because’)
Ans: Unfortunately, we had to leave because the sun was setting.

21) Use the word ‘guide’ as a noun and a verb in two separate sentences:
Ans: 1. We can guide children to behave well. {verb)

22) The black panther has taught me patience. (Rewrite using the adjective form of the underlined
word.)
Ans: The black panther has taught me to be patient.

23) Listening is a sense far more important than sight. (Rewrite using ‘as…as…’)
Ans: Sight is a sense not as important as listening.

Extract: 1
Q. 1. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

The eight-and-a-half-hour-long day inside the hide was as fruitful as the Jambha tree standing tall on the
edge of Umbarzara. Before wrapping up my day at this natural waterhole, I took entries of the avifauna in
my field notes. Since I was alone, I rushed to Pitezari village where I was stationed. I camouflaged the
hide, took my essentials, came out of the hide and stretched out to my heart’s content. I lifted my camera
bag and took the familiar trail to Pitezari. Negotiating the webbed leaves of Teakwood and Moha trees,
trying to make minimal sound, I was ading cautiously among the woods. Walking alone in a jungle needs
more alertness than walking with a companion. I was alone here like a fox. Following the trail silently,
watching with wide-open eyes, my ears were grasping a variety of sounds just when a familiar sound
stunned me…
‘Khyak! Khyak! KhyakoSS Khyak!’
It was a Langur alarm call. The leader of the gang of Langurs was sitting on the tall tree making alarm
calls out of fear for life. Rest of the Langur brigade continued raising the alarm calls. The network of
alarm calls was expanding its range as the petrified Langurs speeded to the trees near and far and secured
their places on treetops. All this upheaval was created by only one animal’s presence - a Leopard. Many
animals make alarm calls when they see a predator- Tiger or Leopard nearby. The Langur is most reliable
when it comes to finding clues about the presence of the apex predators in the jungle. The mighty elusive
Leopard of Umbarzara was out of its lair. He was on the prowl. The stealthily moving figure in spotted
gold-black cloak was spied by these Langurs. Even the small ones from the legion of Langurs were giving
alarm calls. ‘Chyak! Chyak!’ I stayed put. Gauged the leader Langur’s target sight and scanned the area
visually. Took some steps. Stopped again. A fresh scat was lying before me on the trail. The bluish-purple
flies were hovering over it. I was sure that the Leopard was somewhere near. The distant alarm call of
72
four-horned antelope was adding to the chaos. I barely walked around 15 metres and stopped. I had
apparently entered in the sanctum sanctorum of a miracle called Leopard. But the big cat was not visible.
It is an elusive animal. The surroundings were reminding me that I was all alone time and again. As I
moved forward on the trail to Pitezari, the fading alarm calls were still heard in the background. I could
tell instinctively that the Leopard had moved away.

A1. Complete the web, describing each step taken by the writer as a solitary traveller while moving in
the jungle with great precaution: (2)

________

Precautions taken by the

________

writer
_________

_________

A2. Complete the flow-chart stating the reactions of the petrified Langurs due to the presence of the
Leopard. (2)
Khyak-alarm call

_____________

___________

__________

____________

A3. Explain: I was alone here like a fox. (2)

A4. Have ever been on a safari or travelled through a jungle? How was your experience? (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(i) The surroundings were reminding me. (Rewrite, begin the sentence with 'I......)
(ii) The petrified Langurs speeded to the trees near and far secured their places on the tree tops. (Rewrite
using only....but also'..)
A6. Guess the meaning of the following words: (2)
(1) upheaval (ii) predator (iii) hovering (iv) antelope

73
 Extract: 2
Q.2. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Meanwhile, I saw a man standing at a distance with a stick in his hand. As I approached, he appeared
spooked due to alarm calls of the Leopard. We greeted each other. He was Raju Iskape from Pitezari. He
had come to collect logs but retreated due to the Leopard’s movement. Raju was amazed at my regular
solitary visits to Umbarzara, the haven for Tigers, Leopards and Sloth Bears. We stopped under a Kusum
tree to take a break. We both felt a bit relaxed. Now we were four eyes, four hands with a stick. Then we
both resumed our walking tour. There was one tiny track that broke out of the main trail. “I will take this
route, you go straight,” said Raju and turned right. I kept walking straight until I climbed a familiar
hillock. I crossed the cement pillar and stones stacked by Forest Development Corporation to mark the
boundary of the forest compartment. Took another trail after climbing down. Walked across a beautiful
Mahua tree loaded with reddish-brown leaves. The ground under the tree was cleaned very well. The
thought instantly flashed in my mind- ‘I’d lost my way’. Next moment, I found another dusky trail.
Hastily I took that trail which took me from a narrow gorge to an open field. The area was surrounded by
hillocks of dry deciduous tropical forest. I turned back to spot the sun. Now, the geographical west was
set. The dusky trail had vanished. Good Heavens! I was lost. Completely lost in this jungle, That too at a
very dreadful time! The sun was melting down like a fleeting runner.
Soaked in my own sweat, I felt like shouting to my heart’s content. But there was no other soul to listen to
my sound in this wilderness. I had two bags with me. The Shabnam bag having the camera and the other
was a small colourful hand-made bag used in villages to carry tiffin. The tiffin still had some stuff, but I
didn’t feel like having it. The blossoming Boxwood trees, the Bhoop Bhoop sound of Coucal bird, the
song of Robin bird, all appeared alien to me.

A1. Complete the following: (2)

i) Raju had come to the jungle…………………..
(ii) The FDC marked the forest boundary with the help of …………………….
(iii) Of the two bags the narrator had, one contained ……………………….. and the other a tiffin.
(iv) Umbarzara was a refuge for.......................

A2. Write two statements from the extract that tell us that the writer was lost. (2)
A3. Complete the following, giving reasons: (2)
(i) After meeting Raju, the writer and Raju both felt relaxed because:..........
(ii) The time was dreadful because: .............
A4. Narrate an experience when you have been lost/lost your way. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1)Raju was amazed at my solitary visits to Umbarzara. (Rewrite beginning ‘My solitary. ….’)

(2) Umbarzara is the haven for Tigers, Leopards and sloth Bears. (Rewrite using 'not only....but also'.)

A6. (1) Choose the correct option for: (2)

(i) spooked
(a) frightened (b) happy (c) angry
(ii) stacked
(a) full (b) piled one on top of the other (c) heavy
2) Make a sentence of your own using the word 'solitary ‘

74
 Extract: 3
Q. 3. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Shaaz Jung is a wildlife photographer, cinematographer, big cat tracker, man-animal conflict resolution
seeker and lodge owner– all rolled into one. When he’s away from the jungles of Nagarhole, officially
called The Rajiv Gandhi National Park, he’s leading photography safaris in Africa or showcasing his work
at Art Galleries in capital cities and speaking to those interested in conserving the planet’s riches. Shaaz
recalls with great clarity the incident that ultimately leads to his answering the call of the felines over a
career dedicated to finance. “It was somewhere around sunset. We were at a junction. The deer were
calling,” he says, “we went around a blind turn,” he continues, “and up ahead on the path was this old
leopard. You could tell he was past his prime. The jungle had taken a toll on him. He only had three
canines. His eyes were sagging. Close to this leopard was another very young, good looking male who
was soon to come into his prime. It was like looking at the past and the present. It was clear that there was
going to be a fight. Unfortunately, the sun was setting, and we had to leave. But the next morning, I went
back to the spot. Sitting on a high rock was that young leopard. Blood was dripping from a gash across his
face. He sat there like he was ‘king of the jungle’. I knew right then that he had taken over, that it was the
beginning of a new journey for him. And for me.”
Photographs of that leopard, the victor, Scarface, as Shaaz named him, not only made Shaaz famous
among India’s wildlife community, but also led to Shaaz’s enviable reputation as a chronicler of the wild.
“Through my journey of photographing Scarface, I have discovered other leopards, his mates and
discovered his nemises– tigers. I also discovered the current protagonist of my work–Saya–while tracking
Scarface. This is the world’s first black panther, the behaviour of which is being documented so intimately
on camera, by tracking its movements. So far all the research on the animal has been done through camera
traps.” Through many months of toil, Shaaz has managed to collect precious footage, including that of the
animal mating, to piece together the incredible landscape of a black panther’s life.

A1. Pick out the false statements and rewrite them correctly: (2)
(1) Earlier Shaaz was in the field of finance.
(2) The writer saw the fight between the two leopards.
(3) The photograph of the old leopard made Shaaz famous.
(4) Saya is a black panther.
A2. Complete the following: (2)
Responsibilities handled by Shaaz:
Responsibilities handled by

____________

___________
Shaaz

____________

___________

A3. In your own words, describe Shaaz's meetings with Scarface. (2)
A4. Would you like to meet wild animals face to face? Justify answer. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) Shaaz recalls the incident with great clarity. (Rewrite sentence replacing the underlined expression
with a single word.)
(2) Unfortunately, the sun was setting and we had to leave. (Rewrite using 'because’)

A6. Write the noun forms of: (2)

(i) famous (ii) enviable (iii) collect (iv) including
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 Extract: 4
Q. 4. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

The eight-and-a-half-hour-long day inside the hide was a fruitful as the Jambha tree standing tall on the
edge of Umbarzara. Before wrapping up my day at this natural waterhole, I took entries of the avifauna in
my field work. Since I was alone, I rushed to Pitezari village where I was stationed. I camouflaged the
hide, took my essentials, and came out of the hide and stretched out to my heart's content. I lifted
my camera bag and took the familiar trial to Pitezari. Negotiating the webbed leaves of Teakwood and
Moha trees, trying to make minimal sound, I was treading cautiously among the wood. Walking alone in a
jungle needs more alertness than walking with a companion. I was alone here like a fox. Following the
trial silently, watching with wide-open eyes, my ears were grasping a variety of sound stunned me...
'Khyak! Khyak! KhyakoSS Khyak!'
It was a Langur alarm call. The leader of the gang of Langurs was sitting on the tall tree making alarm
calls out of fear. Rest of the Langur brigade continued raising the alarm calls. The network of alarm calls
was expanding its range as the petrified Langurs speeded to the trees near and far and secured their places
on treetops. All this upheaval was created by only one animal's presence- a Leopard. Many animals make
alarm calls when they see a predator- Tiger or a Leopard nearby. The Langur is more reliable when it
comes to finding clues about the presence of the apex predators in the jungle. The mighty elusive Leopard
of Umbarzara was out of his liar. He was on the prowl. The stealthily moving figure in spotted gold- black
cloak was spied by these Langurs. Even the small ones from the legion of Langurs were giving alarm
calls.
'Chyak! Chyak!'
I stayed put. Gauged the leader Langur's target sight and scanned the area visually. Took some steps.
Stopped again. A fresh scat was lying before me on the trail. The bluish-purple flies were hovering over it.
I was sure that the Leopard was somewhere near. The distant alarm call of four-horned antelope was
adding to the chaos.

A1 Complete the given flowchart about the writer’s activities. (2)

The writer completed his

tasks satisfacturily

______________

He was alarmed of a
predator in vicinity

A2. Enlist the clues which confirmed the presence of a leopard. (2)
A3 ‘I was alone like a fox.’ The writer compares himself to the fox because ..... (2)
A4 State what precautions you would take after finding yourself lost in a jungle. (2)
A5 Language study: (2)
i) The langur is the most reliable in finding clues in jungle about predators.
(Choose the correct alternative that gives the transformation of the given sentence in Positive Degree)
a. No other animal in jungle is as reliable as langur in finding clues about predators in jungle.
b. No other langur is as reliable as other animals in finding clues about predators in jungle.
c. Langur is as reliable as other animals in jungle in finding clues about predators.
d. Very few animals in jungle are as reliable as langur in finding clues about predators in jungle.

76
ii) I camouflaged the hide...
(Choose correct alternative that has Simple Present Tense form.)
a) I camouflage the hide
b) I am camouflaging the hide
c) I have camouflaged the hide
d) I can camouflage the hide
A6 Find a word from the extract which mean the following: (2)
i. To hide oneself by covering up with natural or artificial material to mislead the enemy.
ii. Finishing the work
iii. Making oneself safe from danger
iv. To successfully walk over
Extract: 5
Q. 5. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

It was more than an hour and I was still there searching for a suitable tree to climb and get secured. "Turn
back to the trail you left, my mind was telling me. But there were no signs of the trail. I had no other way
to climb the hillock before me. There were more hillocks, and some more around the one I was standing.
Near my feet were the dried up droppings of Sloth Bear. "The Sloth Bear of Umbarzara must be out in
open sniffing for food," I cautioned myself. Thinking of averting all sorts of eventuality, I made a move. I
ran down the hillock that I had climbed up at a frantic speed. The west was to my right-hand side now.
The evening breeze flew through my wet curled hair. My stomach was aching. I kept walking in hope.
After around 50 steps I found a bright red soil trail. I found my silver lining on this trail. There were
marks of he trail by the bicycle wheel on this trail. That was a big consolation for me. "There must be a
village nearby," I reassured myself. More questions resurfaced, "How far is the village? And where? In
which direction?"
I climbed one more hillock and tried to locate signs of human civilisation. My legs were trembling. As I
reached the top of the hill, I jumped with joy. I heard the sounds of people talking in the loudspeaker. In a
jiffy, I ran down the hill, towards the sound with full vigour. I stumbled and fell down. Saw droppings of
Blue Bulls nearby. Struggled, stood up and decided which direction to move on. The signs of civilisation
were visible. The tiny sleepy village of Pitezari was visible through the green woods. The lantern of
Rajiram Bhalavi's farm, the loudspeaker installed for Keshav Bhalavi's marriage, all were in clear sight.
Turned left to spot the village lake and familiar hillock 'Suihudaki'. The dog barked to welcome me to the
village.
The first thing I did was to take a bath. The shaking of limbs had lessened a bit. The stomach ache started
again. Ate to the full and then slumped onto the cot. Lying awake looking at the star-studded sky, I spoke
to myself, "There still exists a jungle where we can get lost, isn't this our good luck?"

A1) Complete the web: (2)

____

Signs of the
____ vicinity of
the village
____

____

A2. Write four sentences from the extract that show that the writer was frightened. (2)

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A3. Explain what is called 'silver lining of the trail by the writer, giving the reasons for it. (2)
A4. Describe how you relax at the end of a tiring day. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) I found a bright red soil trail. (Rewrite beginning with ‘ A red soil trail…..’)
(2) I had no other way to climb the hillock before me. (Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)

A6. (1) Choose appropriate phrases/expressions from the extract given in the brackets. (2)

(time and again, to one's heart's content, frantic speed, in a jiffy)

(i) Their educational problems were sorted out ………………..because of the funds given by an NGO.
(ii) Raj ran at a ………….... to catch the train,
(2) Make sentences of your own using the words:

(1) slumped (ii) stumbled.

EXTRACT : 6
Q. 6. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Saya, Scarface and Pardus, the leopard that lost to Scarface, have also led Shaaz down a different path of
discovery. Learning about them and the loss to their habitat has led Shaaz to create the Buffer Conflict
Resolution Trust of India (BCRTI). It's an agency that educates villagers who live on the fringe of the
forest on the importance of conservation. "We are in the heart of the man-animal conflict zone," explains
Shaaz. "There is no specific buffer zone here around Nagarhole. The core area of the forest ends where the
fields begin. In dry season elephant and wild boar incursions into fields are very common. Older leopards,
like Pardus, who have lost territory in the forest often carry away livestock from villages." This creates
resentment among locals towards the animals on occasions leading to unpleasant situations.
Putting tourist currency to good use, under the BCRTI umbrella, Shaaz provides locals with vocational
training, with the aim of educating locals on the merits of conservation and to help them benefit from
tourist currency. The visitors at the resort are welcome to volunteer to teach a skills training class of their
choice. The acquired skills enable locals to find employment with any of the numerous wildlife resorts in
the region, if not in a faraway city.
Madegowda is one such local agriculturist who is trained at BCRTI and is now a certified naturalist
employed by "The Bison'.”In the past, I've lost almost 80 percent of a season's yield of sugarcane to such
animal attacks. I used to hate them. But now I've learnt how important these animals are and the value of
protecting them," he says. "I have known these jungles for 35 years. I know where the animals are and I
realise I can guide visitors and get paid for it. In a way, the animals are paying me back."
"The forests have taught me many things. For instance, listening is a sense far more important than sight.
You have to switch off your vehicle, sit and listen, for the forest is constantly communicating through the
voices of birds and animals," he explains. "Tracking an animal also teaches you life lessons. The black
panther has taught me patience. But, above all, it has taught me to never stop discovering. There are just
so many amazing experiences to learn and share with the world."

A1. Rewrite the following statements correctly: (2)

(i) Shaaz failed to utilize the finance incurred out of tourism.
(ii) According to the local agriculturist, seeing is more essential than listening.
A2. Describe the function of the BCRTI. (2)
A3. Complete the following: (2)
The Bison is...............................................

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A4. Name two qualities that you would like to imbibe from Nature within yourself and provide the reasons
for your choice. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) Begin the following sentences with the words given in the brackets:

(i) Animals are paying me back. (I......)

(ii) Madegowda is employed by The Bison. (The Bison……)

(2) Use the word 'guide' as a noun and a verb in two separate sentences:

A6. Use the word 'value' in two separate sentences as homonym: (2)

**********************

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 1.7: WHY WE TRAVEL

- Siddarth Pico Raghavan Iyer

Introduction

This chapter is written by Pico Iyer and addresses the question about why do humans travel. The writer
delves into the reasons that make travelling a pleasurable activity. He quotes some great writers and also
cites his own travel experiences.

Travelling as a Liberating Experience

The writer begins by stating that the primary reason for travelling is that it acts as a liberating experience.
One loses oneself in travel. There are no burdens of everyday life and no responsibilities of our personal or
professional life hold us back. So, there are no inhibitions while travelling.

A traveller leaves his beliefs and certainties at home and opens himself to newer possibilities. While
travelling, we are not recognized by our professions or our social standing, that is, we are freed of
inessential labels. Therefore, we freely follow our impulses while travelling.

Travelling as A Search for the Self

Travel provides the much needed respite from our busy lives. The hustle and bustle of our hectic schedules
drain away our spirit to live. Travelling gives us a renewed spirit to live life to the fullest. We begin to pay
attention to one spiritual needs. Each time we travel, we question our beliefs and reconsider our opinions.
Thus, travelling compels us to think and reflect on our notions.

Travel, therefore, enriches our knowledge of our own selves as it makes us explore the unexplored recesses
of our mind and understand our own moods. The quietude and tranquillity that travel offers helps cause a
kind of spiritual awakening. That is to say, that when we travel outside, we also travel inside ourselves. We
explore the vast expanse of our inner selves.

Travelling to Enrich our Perspectives

When we travel to unknown places and meet new people, we get exposed to their culture. This gives us a
deep understanding of humanity. Travelling makes us more kind and empathetic. The horizons of our
thought process broaden and we gather multiple perspectives.

We begin to understand that our perspectives are not universal but are only limited to us. The writer cites
words of Marcel Proust who aptly said that travelling is not always about visiting new places but seeing
them with new eyes or simply through fresh perspectives.

Exposure to the Realities of the World

Travelling does not only show us scenic beauty and breath-taking landscapes but also exposes us to the
harsh realities of the world. Only when we leave the comforts of our homes, do we see the hardships of the
other people in the world. Our misconceptions about their lives are done away with.
We come to understand that the terrains like mountainous or deserts which looks so pleasing aesthetically,
are actually difficult places to live in. We are thereby prevented from thinking of them as mere abstractions.
This way, we travel to rescue ourselves from such misconceptions.

Travelling Enables Cultural Exchange

When a person travels, he takes along with him not only a luggage but also his beliefs and values. This
enables a cultural exchange between travellers and the natives. The writer, for example, says that he always
takes Michael Jordan posters to Kyoto and brings home woven ikebana baskets. Sometimes, it is not only
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cultural artefacts but even dreams that get exchanged or transported in travelling.

Travelling as a Return to Our True Selves

Our modern lives and the rat race for success corrupt our visions for life. But while travelling, we tend to
carry the basic minimum belongings with us. Hence, we discard all that does not seem essential. This way,
we get rid of our obsession for material possessions.

Travelling Makes Us Fall in Love with Life

The writer says that as we travel, we are born again. By this he implies that travelling gives us new purposes
and motivation. We begin to appreciate life. Also, travelling brings out the child in a traveller. Thus, the
experience of travelling gives us the innocent eyes with which we see the world anew and afresh. The writer
believes that each time he returns after a tour, he keeps thinking of that place and revisiting it through the
photographs and his diary entries, just like a person in love.

Adventure over Monotony

The confines of our homes make life seem monotonous and dull. Travel provides the adventure and thrill
that excites us. In the words of the great writer Albert Camus, “what gives value to travel is fear”. And this
fear demands us to be more alert and active.

Travelling Makes us Question the Fixity of Identities

While travelling, a person visits many places and meets many people. He absorbs certain elements of
various places and its people. One’s identity, therefore, does not remain fixed or singular. A traveller
acquires a curious amalgam of identities of various languages and cultures. The writer quotes Sir Thomas
Browne who said that “We carry within us the wonders we seek without us.” This implies that we carry
multitudes within us and no human is confined to one singular identity.

Conclusion
This way, Pico Iyer concludes that travelling is essential to keep the human mind active. It prevents the soul
from getting exhausted due to the boring routine of everyday life. It keeps a check on our prejudices.
Travelling reminds us that the world is too vast and complex, just like the vast expanse of the human inner
self.

For life to remain interesting and for enthusiasm to never fade, it is important that one remains wakeful,
receptive and willing to face the world in all its strangeness and unfamiliarity. Travelling achieves this end
for us.

MEANINGS:
many-tongued: a person who speaks many languages.
mongrel: (here) someone who has a mixed upbringing, someone of mixed cultures.
inheritance: the acquisition of a possession, condition, or trait from past generations.
notions: ideas
riches are differently dispersed: cultures that are rich in ways different from ours.
provisional: temporary,
provincial: means limited in outlook narrow.
atoll: a coral island consisting of a reef surrounding a lagoon
prejudice: bias
fosters: encourages
ikebana: Japanese art of flower arrangement.
complacencies: satisfaction of one with oneself or one’s own achievements.
Solitudes: a lonely or uninhabited place
running some pure hazard : accepting a risk or danger
sovereign: supreme and effective
abstraction: something that exists only as an idea

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impoverished: reduced to poverty
subtler: more difficult to grasp
resuscitate: make active and vigorous
impulse: a sudden strong and unreflective urge to act
educes: brings out or develops something latent
crucible: a situation in which people or things are severely tested
monasticism: resembling monks or their way of life living alone
in flux: undergoing constant frequent changes
ineffable : too great or extreme to be expressed in words
apostles: vigorous and pioneering supporters of an idea or a cause

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q.1.Pick out the false statements and write them correctly:
1) Holidays help you to appreciate your own home more. True
2) Tourism can also revive cultures. True
3) The writer spent many days in Bali in temples. False
Corrected Statement: The writer spent many days in Tibet in temples
4) The writer finds Iceland full of chatter and routine. False
Corrected statement: The writer finds Iceland quiet and empty.
5) The posters at McDonald’s outlet in Kyoto have pictures of places in San Francisco.True
6) The young people in Kyoto McDonald’s outlet look very American. False
Corrected statement: The young people in Kyoto McDonald’s outlet look very Japanese.
7) The writer was born in America. False
Corrected statement: The writer was born in England.
8) Cities like Sydney and Toronto are a mix of many cultures. True

Q.2. Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various
cultures of the different parts of the world:
Ans: 1. We can become a kind of carrier pigeon in transporting back and forth what every culture needs.
2. I find that I always take Michael Jordan posters to Kyoto, and bring woven ikebana baskets back to
California.
3. We become walking video screens and living newspapers, the only channels that can take people out of
the censored limits of their homelands.
4. In closed or impoverished places, like Pagan or Lhasa or Havana, we are the eyes and ears of the people
we meet, their only contact with the world outside and, very often, the closest, quite literally, they will ever
come to Michael Jackson or Bill Clinton.
5. Not the least of the challenges of travel, therefore, is learning how to import – and export – dreams with
tenderness.
6. We carry values and beliefs and news to the places we go.

Q.3.Write down the reasons one needs to travel.

Ans: One needs to travel:
initially, to lose ourselves next, to find ourselves
to open our hearts and eyes and learn more about the world than our newspapers tell us.
to bring our ignorance and knowledge to cultures which are rich in ways different from ours.
to become young fools again
to slow time down and to get taken in to fall in love once more
to escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, into accepting dangers and risks
to sharpen the edge of life, and to taste hardship
to leave all one’s beliefs and certainties at home, and see everything in a different light

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Q.4. Pick the sentence which gives the meaning of the above statement from the alternatives given
below.
(a) A diploma certificate can be used as a passport and a passport can be used as a diploma certificate.
(b) If one has a diploma, he does not need a passport and if he has a passport, he does not need a diploma.
(c) One can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on one’s
academic achievements, and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge
and wisdom of the world.
Ans: (c) One can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on one’s
academic achievements, and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge
and wisdom of the world.
Question

Q.5. Prepare a list of the litterateurs and their quotations mentioned by the writer in the extract.
Ans:
Names of the litterateurs: Camus, Christopher Isherwood
Quotation: Camus said, “What gives value to travel is fear”- Christopher Isherwood once said, “The ideal
travel book should be perhaps a little like a crime story in which you’re in search of something.”

Name of the litterateur – George Santayana.

Quotation: George Santayana writes, “We need sometimes to escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness,
into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship,
and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what.”
Write the name of the litterateurs and their quotations mentioned by the writer in the extract.

Names of the litterateurs: Sir John Mandeville, Emerson, Thoreau and Sir Thomas Browne.
Quotations: Emerson said, “Travelling is a fool’s paradise.”
Thoreau said, “I have travelled a good deal in Concord.”
Sir Thomas Browne sagely put it, “We carry within us the wonders we seek without us. There is Africa and
her prodigies in us.”

Q.6. ‘The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeing new places but in seeing with new eyes.’ –
Marcel Proust. Justify with the help of the text.
Ans: This means that we don’t really have to discover new landscapes or new sights to be in the real process
of discovery. Often, we simply need to change our perspective, the way we look at things, to understand
them and to raise them to a new, exhilarating level.

Q.7.Find the difference between a tourist and a traveller as revealed through the complaints made by
them.
Ans:
1. A tourist is someone who does not leave his assumptions at home and complains, ‘Nothing here is the
way it is at home’.
2. A traveller is someone who leaves his assumptions at home but grumbles, ‘Everything here is the same as
it is in Cairo – or Cuzco or Kathmandu.’

Q.8.Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various
cultures of the different parts of the world.
Ans:
1. You can teach them what they have to celebrate as much as you celebrate what they have to teach.
2. This, I think, is how tourism, which so obviously destroys cultures, can also resuscitate or revive them,
how it has created new “traditional” dances in Bali, and caused craftsmen in India to pay s new attention to
their works.

Q.9. By quoting Camus, the writer has stated that travelling emancipates us from circumstances and
all the habits behind which we hide. Write in detail your views about that.
Ans: When we are at home, we have set ideas and habits, which we are reluctant to change. We dress in a
particular way and we behave in a particular way, because the people around us know us and expect that

83
behaviour. We hide behind all this. However, when we travel, no one knows us and there are no
expectations about a particular type of behaviour, dress or habits. Hence, we have a feeling of freedom and
emancipation from our circumstances and habits.

Q.10. Travel spins us round in two ways at once:

Ans: Travel spins us round in two ways at once: It shows us the sights and values and issues that we might
ordinarily ignore. It also shows us all the parts of ourselves that might otherwise grow rusty. For in
travelling to a truly foreign place, we inevitably travel to moods and states of mind that we’d otherwise
ignore.

Q.11.Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various
cultures of the different parts of the world.
Ans: 1. For when we go to France, we often migrate to French, and the more childlike self, simple and
polite, that speaking a foreign language educes.
2. Even when I’m not speaking pidgin English in Hanoi, I’m simplified in a positive way, and concerned
not with expressing myself, but simply making sense.

Q.12. Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various
cultures of the different parts of the world.
Ans: 1. When we go abroad we are objects of scrutiny as much as the people we scrutinize, and we are
being consumed by the cultures we consume, as much on the road as when we are at home.
2. At the very least, we are objects of speculation (and even desire), who can seem as exotic to the people
around us as they do to us.

Q.13.Write the sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the
various cultures of the different parts of the world.
Ans: 1. When you go to a McDonald’s outlet in Kyoto, you will find Teriyaki McBurgers and Bacon Potato
Pies.
2. The placemats offer maps of the great temples of the city, and the posters all around broadcast the
wonders of San Francisco.
3. And-most crucial of all-the young people eating their Big Macs, with baseball caps worn backwards, and
tight 501 jeans, are still utterly and inalienably Japanese in the way they move, they nod, they sip their
Oolong teas – and never to be mistaken for the patrons of a McDonald’s outlet in Rio, Morocco or
Managua.
4. These days a whole new realm of exotica arises out of the way one culture colours and appropriates the
products of another,
5. The other factor complicating and exciting all of this is people, who are, more and more, themselves as
many-tongued and mongrel as cities like Sydney or Toronto or Hong Kong.
6. Besides, even those who don’t move around the world find the world moving more and more around
them. Walk just six blocks, in Queens or Berkeley, and you’re travelling through several cultures in as
many minutes; get into a cab outside the White House, and you’re often in a piece of Addis Ababa.

Q.14.Guess the difference: travel and travail:

Ans: Travel guides us towards a better balance of wisdom and compassion, of seeing the world clearly and
truly. Travail means agony, or hard toil, which will be the result of laborious travelling and hardships.

Q15.Describe the changes that come into us because of travels, especially to foreign countries.
Ans: When we go abroad, we stay up late, do impulsive things and leave ourselves open to various
experiences. We live for the moment, without any past or future; only the present. We may even become
mysterious-to others, at first, and sometimes even to ourselves, behaving in new ways. We feel younger, as
if we have been reborn.

Q16.Explain in your own words how travel can be a kind of ‘monasticism’.

Ans: ‘Monasticism’ means living like monks, living a self-disciplined life that is isolated from other people.
When we travel, even if we are living in a luxury hotel, we live more simply than we normally do at home.
We have no more possessions than what we can carry, we surrender ourselves to chance, and to whatever
may come in our way. Hence, travel can be a kind of ‘monasticism’.
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Q17. Travelling abroad make us the object of scrutiny. Justify this statement.
Ans: When we go abroad, the local people there are curious about us and our culture. We seem exotic and
different to them and they scrutinize our ways and behaviour to learn and understand more about us.
Q18. The writer calls himself ‘many-tongued’ and ‘mongrel’. Give reasons.
Ans: ‘Many-tongued’ means that he knows many languages; ‘mongrel’ here means someone who has a
mixed upbringing, someone of mixed cultures. The writer knows many languages. He was born of Indian
parents, in England, and he moved to America when he was 7 years old. Hence, he says that he cannot
really call himself an Indian, an American or an Englishman.

Q.19. ‘Get into a cab outside the White House, and you’re often in a piece of Addis Ababa.’ Explain
the meaning of this sentence.
Ans: Addis Ababa is the capital of Ethiopia, Africa. The sentence means that the driver of the cab outside
the White House was probably an African American, may be originally from Africa.

Q.20. “We carry within us the wonders we seek without us.” Explain.
Ans: This means that all the wonders and emotions are within us, and if we wish to, we can tap these forces.
Everything is within our own hearts and imagination. Everything is internal. Whatever we find outside has
first to be inside us for us to experience it. There is no necessity for any separate outside happenings for us
to feel anything.

Personal Response:
1. Name the places you would like to visit the most. Give reasons to support your answer.
Ans: I like to travel but I have not had much opportunity yet. I love seeing new places and meeting new
people. I would love to travel to the North-Eastern parts of India and to foreign countries. I am also a nature
lover and would love seeing high mountains, clear lakes and green pastures.

2. ‘Travel helps you to appreciate your own home more’. Justify this statement.
Ans: Holidays, especially holidays abroad, can certainly help us to appreciate our own homes more. For
example, if we go to the African desert and see the problems they have with potable water supply, we will
appreciate our own water resources more. If we see the problems faced by people living in very cold
climates, we will appreciate the heat in our country, and even be grateful for it.

3. Do you think that people travel more, or in a different way, as compared to people fifty years back?
Explain your view.
Ans: Yes, people certainly travel more today. They also travel for different reasons. Fifty years back, in
India, people generally travelled only for religious reasons or to meet relatives and family. Travelling for
sightseeing was rarer. Today, in addition to these reasons, people also travel for fun, relaxation and sight-
seeing. People also go on holidays abroad, which was not done often earlier.

4. Do you think that we must always seek new experiences and new places? Or do you feel that the
best place is home, and we must never move?
Ans: If we just stick to our own homes, we will be like the frog in the pond, which thought its small pond
was the whole world. This is not advisable in the world of today. To be happy and successful, we must be
broad-minded and unbiased. We must see what the world and other cultures have to offer. We must try to
imbibe the best from other cultures and places.

5. Describe the changes that come into us because of travels, especially to foreign countries.
Ans: When we go abroad, we stay up late, do impulsive things and leave ourselves open to various
experiences. We live for the moment, without any past or future; only the present. We may even become
mysterious-to others, at first, and sometimes even to ourselves, behaving in new ways. We feel younger, as
if we have been reborn.

6. Make a list of your expectations when you travel to some new place:
Ans: (a) Food should be delicious and available whenever hungry.
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(b) Travelling should be easy and comfortable.
(c) Hotel accommodation should be inexpensive and clean.
(d) Weather should be sunny and pleasant.
TEXTUAL GRAMMAR
1) We carry values and beliefs and news to the places we go. (Rewrite using ‘not only but also.)
Ans: We carry not only values and beliefs but also news to the places we go.

2) Travel is the best way we have of rescuing the humanity of places. (Use an infinitive in place of the
gerund.)
Ans: Travel is the best way we have to rescue the humanity of places.

3) The beauty of this process was best described by George Santayana. (Rewrite beginning George
Santayana)
Ans: George Santayana best described the beauty of this process.

4) Yet for me the first great joy of travelling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs and certainties at
home. (Pick out the finite verb and say whether the sentence is simple, compound or complex.)
Ans: finite verb-is; simple sentence

5) Pick out the phrasal verb from this sentence: Abroad is the place where we stay up late.
Ans: stay up

6) Travelling is a way to reverse time. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Ans: travelling – gerund

7) I tend to believe more abroad than I do at home. (Rewrite using as….as..)

Ans: I tend not to believe as much at home as I do abroad.

8) Pick out the phrasal verb from these sentences:

Ans: 1. I remember, in fact, after my first trip to Southeast Asia, more than a decade ago, how I would come
back to my apartment in New York.
2. All, in that sense, believed in, “being moved”
Ans : 1. come back 2. believed in

9) Anyone witnessing this strange scene would have drawn the right conclusion. (Rewrite using ‘who’)
Ans: Anyone who witnessed this strange scene would have drawn the right conclusion.

10) I remember how I would come back to my apartment in New York. (Rewrite using ‘used, to’.)
Ans: I remember how I used to come back to my apartment in New York.

11) We have to carry our sense of destination. (Rewrite beginning‘Our sense….’)

Ans: Our sense of destination has to be carried by us.

12) The most valuable Pacifies we explore will always be the vast expanses within us.
(Rewrite using more…than..)
Ans: We will never explore more valuable Pacifies than the vast expanses within us.

13) It keeps the mind nimble. (Rewrite using the present perfect tense of the verb.)
Ans: It has kept the mind nimble.

14) The queen loved her people and looked after the affairs of her kingdom well. (Rewrite using ‘who’.)
Ans: The queen, who loved her people, looked after the affairs of her kingdom well.

15) But I want to test this. (Change the voice.)

Ans: But I want this to be tested.
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16) The husband had a small smile on his lips while the wife looked sad. (Rewrite beginning with
‘Though’)
Ans: Though the husband had a small smile on his lips, the wife looked sad.

1) Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

1. You must neither tell me the whole story or at least the first part of it.
Ans: You must either tell me the whole story or at least the first part of it.

2) No sooner did the Minister begin speaking, some rogues started shouting loudly.
Ans: No sooner did the Minister begin speaking, than some rogues started shouting loudly.

2. Vocabulary:
1) Pick out four proper nouns for places from the extract.
Anr: Kyoto, Pagan, Lhasa, Havana.

3. Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B, with reference to the extract:

A B
i great a temples
ii new b realm
iii typical c specimen
iv essential d notions
v synthetic e versions
vi foreign f world

EXTRACT: 1
(A) Read the given extract and complete the activity given below: (12 Marks)
We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, next, to find ourselves. We travel to open our hearts
and eyes and learn more about the world than our newspapers will accommodate We travel to bring what
little we can, in our ignorance and knowledge, to those parts of the globe whose riches are differently
dispersed. And we travel, in essence, to become young fools again- to slow time down and get taken in,
and fall in love once more. The beauty of this whole process was best described, perhaps, before people
even took to frequent flying, by George Santayana In has lapidary essay, "The Philosophy of Travel. We
"need sometimes, the Harvard philosopher wrote. To escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, into the
moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to
be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what."

Few of us ever forget the connection between "travel" and "travail," Travel in that sense guides us toward
a better balance of wisdom and compassion - of seeing the world clearly, and yet feeling it truly For
seeing without feeling can obviously be uncaring; while feeling without seeing can be blind. Yet for me
the first great joy of travelling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs and certainties at home, and
seeing everything I thought I knew in a different light, and from a crooked angle.Though it's fashionable
nowadays to draw a distinction between the "tourist" and the "traveler." perhaps the real distinction lies
between those who leave their assumptions at home, and those who don't. Among those who don't a
tourist is just someone who complains. "Nothing here is the way it is at home," while a traveler is one who
grumbles. "Everything here is the same as it is in Cairo-or Cuzco or Kathmandu." It's all very much the
same.

A1. Read the following statements and write down whether it is true or false: (2)
(i) According to author tourist is one who complains while traveller is one who grumbles
(ii) George Santayana, a Spanish writer wrote a novel named,"The Phillosophy of Travel
(iii) To draw a distinction between the tourist and the traveller is now out of fashion.
(iv) Some of us never remember the connection between "travel" and "travail".
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A2 Describe Harvard philosopher's views about travelling from the extract. (2)

A3 Find out the difference between a tourist and traveller with the help of the extract. (2)

A4 As a part of your school college excursion, you must have gone and visited some other place away from
your town/city or native place. Describe that experience as a travel and not travail. (2)

A5 Language study: (2)

(i) We travel in essence to become young fools again. (Use 'ing' form of the underline word and rewrite)

(ii) The first great of joy travelling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs. (Frame a Wh' question
to get the underlined part as an answer.)

A6 Vocabulary: (2)
Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the given bracket and rewrite the sentence.
(ignorance, essence, solitude, compassion, assumptions)
(i) It is governments……………………….. that the government employees will come forward to donate
generously to the needy people.
ii) Our forefathers used to enjoy the ………………… of the place which we are missing today.
iii) Knowledge is merely a bringing of this …………………. of life under the laws of reason.
iv) ) Love, care, share and ………………… are the qualities that makes us human being.

****************

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 1.8: Voyaging Towards Excellence
- Achyut Godbole

Introduction
This is an autobiographical sketch by Achyut Godbole. He records his journey as an IT professional and
then as a successful writer. His journey, with its ups and downs, is inspiring. Godbole also lists many
qualities that he believes are essential for one to excel in any field of life.

Godbole’s Childhood:
The writer recalls that there was a scarcity of money and his family did not have some of the most basic
amenities at home during his childhood. But he says that he was fortunate to have a culturally rich
environment at home. His family hosted many artists at his home. Poets like Vinda Karandikar, Mangesh
Padgaonkar and Vasant Bapat visited his home often.

As a child, the writer keenly listened to the discussions that went on for hours between these artists. Their
conversations ranged from discussions about literature to music and even paintings. The writer grew curious
about the world of knowledge that those people inhabited. Their conversations about both Marathi as well
as English writers like Keshavsut, Mardhekar, Shakespeare, Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy greatly
impressed him.

There were discussions about the paintings of artists and sculptors like Van Gogh, Mozart and
Michaelangelo. Among the many visitors were also the great musicians of his time, including Pt. Kumar
Gandharv, Pt. Bhimsen Joshi and Pt. Jasraj. These visits and the conversations had a lasting impression on
the writer and served as his initiation into the world of arts and humanities.

Interest in Science and Mathematics

Despite such a love for the arts, the writer also excelled in subjects of Science and Mathematics. He
believes that it was the pleasure he derived from studying these subjects that made him perform well
academically. He says that scoring more marks was never the motivation behind his interest in these
subjects.

He studied Newton’s law of motion and the Pythagorean Theorem for their beauty and elegance. Thus,
Science and Mathematics appealed to him not as academic subjects but as subjects that aroused his
curiosity. This curiosity gave birth to an attitude of looking beyond the academic value of these subjects.

The writer thus developed an aptitude for problem-solving which helped him to clear his entrance exam and
secure a place for himself in the esteemed IIT Mumbai. This was how a middle-class boy from Solapur
made his way to IIT.

Struggle with English

The writer had been educated in Marathi. Therefore, he found himself incapable of conversing in English,
unlike other people at IIT who spoke fluent English. An inferiority complex began to take hold on his mind
and he even felt an urge to run away. An incident that took place in the hostel mess made him further
anxious.

A senior student humiliated the writer for not knowing English. The writer felt utterly insulted but he also
knew his worth. Thus, he resolved to learn English. Over a course of ten months, he taught himself English.
He achieved this by consistent practice sessions in front of mirror and read newspapers and English novels.
This filled him with a renewed sense of self-worth and confidence. This also proved greatly useful in future
when he had to deal with international clients and negotiate contracts worth millions.

A Lesson in Humility
During the third year at IIT, the writer became a part of a group of intellectuals including IIT students and
visiting professors in American universities. This exposed him to the vast sea of knowledge that he had not

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yet explored. He also understood that there were many people who possessed far more knowledge than he
did.
This made him more humble. Then his encounters with some great thinkers and management gurus like
Alvin Toffler, Peter Drucker, C. K. Prahlad and Tom Peters, further broadened the horizons of his thought
process. His friend circle at IIT was also a group of curious young students who had not confined
themselves to their professional fields only.
They took interest in other fields like Science, Technology, Sociology, Psychology, Economics, Philosophy,
Anthropology, Archaeology, Political Science etc. This is how he delved into fields which were not part of
his IIT curriculum but seemed important for what Godbole calls, the ‘examination of life’. His time in IIT
taught him the value of curiosity, humility, humanity, team work and equality.

Godbole’s Career
Achyut Godbole had a 32 year long career in Information Technology, during which he occupied significant
positions in many multinational companies. He then turned to what he calls his “first love” of reading and
writing. This marked the beginning of his writing career. He has authored about 34 books in Marathi
language and all of them have received favourable reception.

His books on subjects as diverse as psychology, science, management, mathematics, Indian and western
music, literature and films have proved life changing to many readers. He believes that it is not the number
of copies sold or the profits earned but the love and admiration of his readers that is primarily important to
him.

Conclusion
Godbole’s journey concludes that scoring marks or earning more money should not be the only motivations
for one to work hard. Knowledge should be considered important for knowledge’s sake. One should not be
deterred by inferiority complexes but be determined to change them. A willingness to learn throughout
one’s life is immensely important in one’s journey towards excellence.

MEANINGS :
inferiority complex: a feeling that you are not as good, as intelligent, as attractive, etc. as other people
sophisticated: smart and polished
arrogant: unpleasantly proud
negotiate: to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them
at ease: comfortable
anything under the sun: anything at all.
vernacular : native, regional
phonetics: relating to speech sounds, study of correct pronunciation of words
tremendously: to a very great extent
milieu: setting or social environment
inherent: existing in something as permanent
elegant: graceful or stylish in appearance or manner
instantaneously : happening very quickly
renaissance : are birth or revival of learning
plunged into: dived into

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q.1. 1. Write if the following sentences are True or False. Rewrite the false sentences correctly:

1) The writer did not like Mathematics and Science. False

Corrected sentence: 1. The writer loved Mathematics and Science.

2) The writer studied Mathematics and Science only for scoring maximum marks in exams. False

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Corrected statement: The writer studied Mathematics and Science not only for scoring maximum marks in
exams, but also because he appreciated their inherent beauty.

3) The writer’s skill at solving problems helped him in his IIT entrance exam. True
4) The writer scored 100% marks in Mathematics in every examination he appeared for. False
Corrected statement: The writer scored 100% marks in Mathematics in almost all the examinations he
appeared for.

5) The writer was more intelligent and well- read than his friends. False
Corrected statement: The writer’s friends were more intelligent and well-read than the writer.

6) The writer’s group was interested in many things. True

7) The writer wanted to top the GRE and migrate to the U.S. False
Corrected statement: The thought of topping the GRE and migrating to the U.S. never even touched the
writer’s mind.

8) The writer possessed many books on various topics. True

Q.2. Qualities required for excellence:

1)Vision 2) curiosity 3) Humility 4) Hard work 5) Team work 6) Equality 7)Rationality

Q.3. Make a list of great Indian and foreign personalities who had a great impact on Achyut Godbole
during his childhood.
Ans: Poets : Vinda Karandikar, Mangesh Padgaonkar, Vasant Bapat, Keshavsut
Writers : Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Mardhekar
Musicians : Mozart, Pt. Kumar Gandharv, Pt. Bhimsen Joshi, Pt. Jasraj
Dramatists : Shakespeare
Painters : Van Gogh, Michaelangelo

Q.4. Find the different techniques used by the writer to learn Science and Mathematics.
Ans: The different techniques used by the writer to learn Science and Mathematics are:
(a) The writer used to appreciate the inherent beauty of these subjects.
(b) He found Newton’s law of motion beautiful and the Pythagorean Theorem elegant.
(c) The writer loved solving problems of Mathematics of the 9th standard when he was in the 7th.
(d) He used to love solving problems and used to enjoy finding out the most elegant method of solving
them, even though I they were not a part of the curriculum.

Q.5. The writer faced numerous problems while communicating in English because-
Ans: (a) He had his entire education in Marathi.
(b) His vocabulary was very weak, and pronunciation was terrible.
(c) His construction of sentences was very awkward.

Q.6. The writer was completely stumped because his:

Ans: (a) vocabulary was very weak
(b) spoken English was quite pathetic
(c) pronunciation was terrible
(d) construction of sentences was very awkward

Q.7. Due to the writer’s pathetic English speaking style, he:

Ans: (a) felt quite lonely and terrified, in Mumbai in general, and IIT in particular.
(b) developed an inferiority complex
(c) felt depressed and diffident.
(d) wanted to run away from IIT and even Mumbai.

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Q.8. The writer wanted to achieve mastery in English because-
Ans: (a) he wanted to speak excellent, elegant and fluent English
(b) he would be able to achieve excellence and excel in anything he tried to do
(c) he need not have to feel afraid of anybody and start feeling at home in his hostel.

Q.9. Make a list of different steps that the writer undertook to improve his English speaking skills.
Ans: To improve his English the writer:
(a) decided to also think in English before speaking in English.
(b) started reading English newspapers and English novels.
(c) studied etymology and phonetics and studied the roots of the words and how to pronounce them.
(d) used to stand in front of the mirror and practice speaking, realising his mistakes and correcting them
himself all the time and improvising and improving day by day.

Q.10. Describe the writer’s achievements after achieving mastery over the English language.
Ans: After achieving mastery over the English language:
His fear for English disappeared.
He started feeling quite confident about speaking in English at length with anybody.
He started feeling at home in his hostel.
He could give presentations with ease.
He negotiated and signed many contracts worldwide and ran large global software companies.
He headed software companies having thousands of software engineers worldwide.

Q.11. Complete the table comparing the two different phases of the life of the writer- as an MD or
Chief Executive Officer and an activist of Sarvodaya movement.
Ans:
MD or Chief Executive Officer Activist of Sarvodaya Movement
Head of the company for 23 years Participated in a peaceful satyagraha
Travelled all over the globe about 150 times for business Joined a social movement for tribals

Q.12. The writer’s joy was short lived. Give reasons.

Ans: In Solapur, where the writer spent his childhood, he had not seen any building which was more than
three – storeyed. Mumbai however was full of skyscrapers, which made the writer uncomfortable. At IIT,
most of the students and professors used to converse in English whereas the writer’s English was very poor,
with a weak vocabulary, terrible pronunciation and very awkward construction of sentences.
Due to all this, he felt quite lonely and terrified in Mumbai in general and IIT in particular. He developed an
inferiority complex and wanted to run away from IIT and even Mumbai. Thus, his joy at getting into IIT
was short lived.

Q.13.Name the following from the extract:

Ans: Management gurus : Alvin Toffler, Peter Drucker, C. K. Prahlad, Tom Peters
The founder of Infosys: Narayan Murthy
Two universities: Harvard, MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
A great technologist-Vincent Serf

Q.14. Describe the Qualities of the writer

a) curiosity b) humanity c) humility d) rationalism

Q.15. State the principles of good management.

Ans: a) motivation b) target setting c) being a good listener d) art of delegation

Q.16. What was the writer’s first love?

Ans: to read and write on various subjects concerning human life and existence.

Q.17.How many books has the writer written in Marathi?

Ans: about 34 books

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Q.18. What was the name of the writer’s autobiography?
Ans: Musafir.

Q.19. Name any two values that the writer cherishes.

Ans: humility, humanity

Q.20. Give the writer’s opinion about arts, music and literature and money.
Ans: The writer says that the arts are equally, if not more, important in our lives than science and
technology. He also feels that arts, music and literature enrich our lives and put meaning into our existence.
He loved music.
2. Money: The writer feels that money is necessary, but does not mean everything in life.

Q.21. List the achievements of the writer in Mathematics.

Ans: 1. The writer loved solving problems of Mathematics of the 9th standard when he was in the 7th.
2. The writer scored 100% marks in Mathematics in almost all the examinations that he appeared for, from
the 1st standard until IIT, barring only a few times. He also stood 1st in the University in all subjects put
together.

Q.22. Describe the ‘very important’ thing that happened to the writer.
Ans: When the writer was in his third year at IIT, he came in contact with about 15-20 extremely brilliant
students/researchers/ professors from IIT, TIFR and BARC. They included top-ranking students from IIT,
visiting professors in American Universities, very renowned mathematicians of the world and so on. This
friendship had a lasting impression on his life. He came to know what real brilliance meant, and where he
stood with regard to it.

Q.23. Describe curiosity and humanity.

Ans: Curiosity is important. It is only because of the human curiosity that we have been able to make such a
great progress in science and technology, and social sciences. Humanity means concern for our fellow
human beings; it means caring for and helping others whenever and wherever possible. This is important if
we wish to live in a world that is happy and contented.

Q.24. List the things that the writer said he learnt while running large companies.
Ans: While running large companies the writer learnt:
The importance of teamwork
The necessity of leading from the front and setting a good example for the staff.
The need to treat subordinates and colleagues as friends.

Q.25. Books written by author

Management – Boardroom
Painting – Canvas
Western music – Symphony
Psychology – Manat
Mathematics – Ganiti
Science – Kimayagar
Indian music – Nadvedh
Western films – Limelight
English Literature – Zapoorza
Economics – Arthat

Q.26. ‘Nevertheless, culturally I had a rich childhood’. Explain the statement with reference to the
extract.
Ans: The writer says that he had a very simple upbringing in a lower middle-class family which did not
have even basic amenities like a fan, refrigerator, etc. Even so, it was rich culturally because various poets,
writers and musicians used to visit their home and there would be hours of discussions about music,
literature, paintings, sculptures, etc. Famous writers, painters and musicians were discussed and this made
the writer love the arts. He states that arts, music and literature enrich our lives and put meaning into our
existence.
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Q.27. Complete the following:
i) The writer developed a problem-solving attitude because …………….
Ans: The writer developed a problem-solving attitude because ……………..
1) He did not study subjects only for scoring maximum marks in the examinations.
He used to study these subjects or any subject for that matter for its inherent beauty.
2) He used to love solving problems andused to enjoy finding out the most elegant method of solving them.
3) He used to get involved in solving them.
ii) The writer was benefitted by the discussions with great people as it…
Ans: i) made a lasting impact on his life
ii) made him realize what real brilliance meant
iii) broadened his horizons, and his aims and worldview became global
iv) taught him a lesson in humility, hard work and a passion for excellence.
Q.28.Explain why the author say that passing the ‘examination of life’ is more important than passing
the college examination.
Ans: The writer wished to understand the world and how it works. He also wished to serve India and her
people. To do this, he would have to read and understand different branches of knowledge, to develop
values like humility, humanity and rationalism. This was the ‘examination of life’ for him. This was far
more important to him than just passing the IIT examination.

Q.29. Mention a few ways in which the author touch the hearts of the people.
Ans: The author’s books have brought about very good changes in the lives of thousands of readers.
Hundreds have come out of depression and more than a dozen have given up thoughts of committing
suicide and decided to start all afresh. There are hundreds who say that they understood the theory of
relativity or Big Bang after reading his book on Science ‘Kimayagar’.
His book ‘Boardroom’ on Management has created at least 20 successful entrepreneurs. Then there are
hundreds who can understand Economic Times or NDTV Profit after reading his book on economics
‘Arthat’.
Many have turned to Mathematics after reading his book ‘GanitV. The same is true about his books on
Indian Music (Nadvedh), English Literature (Zapoorza), Painting (Canvas), Western Films (Limelight) and
Western Music (Symphony) or books such as ‘Genius’ series, ‘Rakta’ or ‘Vitamins’ or ‘Anartha’. It is these
reactions of thousands of readers that made him feel that has touched the hearts of thousands of people.

Q.30. Describe the second innings of the writer in your own words.
Ans: After working for software companies for many years, the writer wanted to return to his first love, i.e.
reading and writing on various subjects concerning human life and existence. Therefore, he gave up two
lucrative offers to become a writer. This is how his second innings as a writer in Marathi began. After this,
he wrote about 34 books in Marathi. Most of them became bestsellers with tens of thousands of copies sold
for each. These books brought about very good changes in the lives of thousands of readers.
Hundreds came out of depression and more than a dozen gave up thoughts of committing suicide and
decided to start all afresh. Thousands more have been helped in the fields of science, economics, music,
mathematics, etc. by the writer’s books. It is these reactions of thousands of readers and the feeling that he
is touching their hearts that has kept him going.

Personal Response:
1. Describe what a ‘rich childhood’ mean to you.
Ans: I think that a rich childhood is one where you get a lot of love and security at home. It could also be
culturally rich, where you get to read or know music/books/theatre, etc. Basically, a rich childhood is one
which has plenty of love, fun and friends. Money is secondary.
2. We should study any subject. Do you agree? Give your reasons.
Ans: Every subject has its own inherent beauty and uses. We should study a subject because of its beauty.

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While Science and Technology are important to make our daily lives easy, arts, music and literature enrich
our lives and put meaning into our existence. Every subject helps in some way in the progress of mankind.
3. Do you think that speaking English fluently and confidently is important? Discuss.
Ans: Yes, it is. English is an international language, which the people of most countries understand. If we
wish to go abroad, or have international exposure, we should know English in this competitive world. Even
in India, knowledge of good English gives us a sense of confidence. It helps us to get jobs. It also helps us
to get access to information from all parts of the world.
4. Name some of the top universities in the world.
Ans: Some of the top universities in the world are: Harvard University, Stanford University, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Oxford University, Cambridge University, Cornell University. Princeton
University, etc.

5. Do you feel that arts, music and literature enrich our lives. Discuss.
Ans: Art is all around us; it surrounds us. It provides us with a deeper understanding of our own emotions
and those of others. It makes us more sensitive, softer and gentler. It enriches the quality of life and
improves our physical and mental health. It connects us to others. Literature gives us an insight into the
world of others, both in the present and the past.

6. Do you think that team work is important today? Explain with an example.
Ans: Yes, today team work is very important in every sphere, whether it is in games or at work. Every
individual has different talents and these separate talents come together when one is in a team. For example,
in cricket, one person may be a good bowler, another a good batsman, a third a good fielder, etc. When all
these people come together and play the game as a team, it leads to success. In an office too, only when we
work in a team and contribute our respective talents can we complete projects.

7. Do you think passion is more important than wealth?

Ans: Passion is certainly more important than wealth. Wealth can give the luxuries of life, but it cannot give
mental peace and satisfaction. This can only be gained by having an interest in what we do, or in simple
words, by loving our jobs. Hence, when one chooses a career, it is more important to choose one which we
love rather than one which pays more.

TEXTUAL GRAMMAR
Do as directed and rewrite the sentence:
1) I did not fully understand their discussions but I was immensely impressed. (Remove ‘but’)
Ans: Though I did not fully understand their discussions, I was immensely impressed.

2) I had decided that I would do nothing of this sort. (Remove ‘that’)

Ans: I had decided to do nothing of this sort.

3) My fear had vanished and I started feeling at home in my hostel. (Use ‘when’)
Ans: When my fear had vanished, I started feeling at home in my hostel.

4) It was only my self-esteem which stopped me. (Remove ‘which’)

Ans: Only my self-esteem stopped me.

5) I plunged into all these branches of knowledge. It was a period of renaissance. (Join with ‘which’)
Ans: I plunged into all these branches of knowledge, which was a period of renaissance.

6) When I look back, there are a number of lessons that I cherish. (Remove ‘When’)
Ans: On looking back, I find that there are a number of lessons that I cherish.

7) There are hundreds who tell me that they understood the theory of relativity. (Remove ‘who’)
Ans: Hundreds tell me that they understood the theory of relativity.
95
8) These problems were not a part of the curriculum, but I enjoyed the whole process. (Rewrite using
‘though’.)
Ans: Though these problems were not a part of the curriculum, I enjoyed the whole process.

9) This exam is completely based on your problem-solving ability and the ability to think not only logically
but quickly and rapidly. (Pick out the adverbs of manner.)
Ans: completely, logically, quickly, rapidly

10) Find from the text, the sentence that show past habit:
Ans: Most of the students and professors used to converse in English.

11) Find from the extract, a sentence that shows past habit.
Ans: I used to stand in front of the mirror and practise speaking.

12) I wanted to speak excellent, elegant and fluent English. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)
Ans: I wanted to speak English that was excellent, elegant and fluent.

13) My fear had vanished and I started feeling at home in my hostel. (Pick out the verbs and state the
tense.)
Ans: had vanished – past perfect tense; started – simple past tense

14) If you walked for an hour from there, you could reach Harvard Square near Harvard University. (Pick
out the clauses and state their type.)
Ans: you could reach Harvard Square near Harvard University-Main clause
If you walked for an hour from there- Subordinate adverb clause of condition

15) All the discussions with these greats broadened my horizon. (Rewrite beginning ‘My
horizon…………’)
Ans: My horizon was broadened by all the discussions with these greats.

16) Find from the text, a sentence that show past habit.
Ans: We used to discuss about relativity, Big Bang, aesthetics, literature, philosophy, economics and many
other subjects every day until late into the nights.

17) I learnt these values during my IIT days. (Rewrite beginning ‘These values’.)
Ans: These values were learnt by me during my IIT days.

18) It is very difficult to become a master or an expert in all these subjects. (Rewrite using ‘not’.)
Ans: It is not at all easy to become a master or an expert in all these subjects.

19) I made a few mistakes, but learnt a lot about motivation. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Ans: Though I made a few mistakes, I learnt a lot about motivation.

20) I learnt a lot of things when I was running these large companies. (Pick out the subordinate clause
and state its type.)
Ans: when I was running these large companies – Subordinate adverb clause of time.

21) You need to lead from the front. (Add a question tag.)
Ans: You need to lead from the front, don’t you?

22) I had also written 4 books with 500-700 pages each on Information Technology published by Tata
McGraw-Hill. (Pick out the predicate.)
Ans: predicate-had also written 4 books with 500-700 pages each on Information Technology published by
Tata McGraw-Hill.

96
2. Find from the extract, the sentences that show past habit.
Ans: 1. I used to study these subjects or any subject for that matter for its inherent beauty.
2. I used to get involved in solving them.
3. I used to love problem-solving and used to enjoy finding out the most elegant method of solving them.
4. Until that time I used to consider myself somewhat intelligent.
5. I used to visit MIT during lunch time to meet my friends.
6. I used to visit both of these Universities.

Vocabulary:
1. From the extract, prepare a word register of at least 6 words for:
‘Household appliances and objects’:
Ans: fan, refrigerator, geyser, dining table, gas stove, air conditioner.

2. Find out a word related to the game of cricket. List two meanings for it.
Ans: Scoring:
1. general meaning: getting something
2. related to cricket: gaining runs

Stumped:
1. general meaning : to be unable to answer a question or solve a problem because it is too difficult
2. related to cricket: being stumped is a method of dismissing a batsman.

Target setting:
1. general meaning: deciding something that one hopes or intends to accomplish
2. related to cricket: deciding the number of runs to be achieved.

3. Find the full forms of:

Ans: IIT: Indian Institute of Technology
TIFR: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
BARC: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
IP: Internet Protocol
GRE – Graduate Record Examination

************************

Extract:1
Q.1.Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

I had a very simple upbringing. We were a lower middle class family. Our 300 square feet house did not
even have basic amenities such as a fan, a refrigerator, a geyser, a dining table or a gas stove; leave alone
an air conditioner or a car. It was only when I entered the college that I got a watch and we got a dining
table and a gas stove at home. Nevertheless, culturally, I had a rich childhood. Poets like Vinda
Karandikar, Mangesh Padgaonkar and Vasant Bapat used to visit our home and for hours I could listen to
the discussions about poetry and literature-Marathi and English. They used to talk about Keshavsut,
Mardhekar, Shakespeare, Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy. I did not fully understand their discussions
in depth, but I was immensely impressed. We also were lucky to have Pt. Kumar Gandharv, Pt. Bhimsen
Joshi and Pt. Jasraj visit our place and talk about Indian music till late night or sometimes dawn. This is
how and why I developed my interest in literature and music during my school days. I did not and even
today don’t understand the ‘grammar’ of music, but I began to love it tremendously since then. Most of
the times, the topics of discussion at our home were about music, literature, paintings, sculptures etc. I
could listen to the discussions about Van Gogh, Mozart and Michelangelo etc. It was because of such a
97
milieu around me that I had a firm belief which I still hold that all arts are equally, if not more, important
in our lives than Science or Technology. I had learnt from my childhood that money does not mean
everything in life. It is necessary, but if at all there is something which enriches our lives and puts
meaning to our existence, it is the arts, music and literature.

A.1. Name the following: (2)

(i) Two writers
(ii) Two musicians who made a great impact on Achyut Godbole during his childhood.

A2. Discuss the writer's opinion about arts, music and liter during his childhood. (2)

A3. ‘Nevertheless, culturally I had a rich childhood’. Explain the statement with reference to
the extract. (2)

A4. Write what a rich childhood' means to you. (2)

A5. Language Study: (2)

(i) I did not fully understand their discussions but I was immensely impressed. (Rewrite the sentence with
coordinating conjunction.)
(ii) Write down one sentence from the extract that shows past habit.

A6. From the extract, prepare a word register of at least 4 for: (2)
Household appliances and objects.

Extract:2
[Refer to the above extract for answering the questions] (12 Marks)
A.1: Complete the web about literary laurel's topic of discussion at Achyut Godbole's house.

A2. Give reasons: (2)

(i) Achyut Godbole has a firm belief that all arts are equal because _____________
(ii) Achyut Godbole developed interest in literature and music in his childhood days because _______

98
 A3: Nevertheless, culturally I had a rich childhood. Explain or interpret this statement in the light of the
extract (2)
A4. Write four to five sentences about your childhood memory related to your family. (2)
A5. Language study: (2)
(i) They used to talk about Keshavsut, Mardhekar, Shakespeare, Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy. (Use
"Would' and rewrite)
(ii) I did not fully understand their discussion in depth, but I was immensely impressed. (Use Though or
make it complex)
A6 Vocabulary: (2)
Match the columns with the word and their meaning given in column B

A B

i Amenities a enhance
ii Upbringing b work of are created by shaping malleable objects or letting them harden
iii Sculpture c facility/infrastructure
iv Enriches d the raising or training of a child

Extract 3:
Q.2.Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

This is not to say that I did not like Science or Mathematics. In fact, I loved these subjects. However, I did
not study them only for scoring maximum marks in the examinations. I used to study these subjects or any
subject for that matter for its inherent beauty. I found Newton’s law of motion beautiful and Pythagorean
Theorem elegant. I loved solving problems of Physics and Mathematics of the 9th standard when I was in
the 7th, not to show off, but just because I used to get involved in solving them. I used to love problem-
solving and used to enjoy finding out the most elegant method of solving them. Obviously, these problems
were not a part of the curriculum, but I enjoyed the whole process. This attitude of looking beyond marks
or examinations and to seek joy in solving any challenging problem helped me to develop a ‘problem-
solving’ attitude which came handy when I appeared for my IIT entrance (JEE) because this exam is
completely based on your problem-solving ability and the ability to think not only logically but quickly
and rapidly. I scored 100% marks in Mathematics in almost all the examinations that I appeared for from
my 1st standard until IIT, barring only a few times. I stood 16th in the SSC Board (at that time, this
examination was for the whole of Maharashtra, including Nagpur) and I stood 1st in the University in all
subjects put together. Those days, you could get an admission into IIT without the entrance test (JEE) if
you had secured the 1st rank in the University. Therefore, I did not have to appear for the entrance test to
get the admission into IIT, but nobody in Solapur told me about it, for I doubt if anybody in Solapur even
knew about this rule. Therefore, I appeared for the entrance examination, and I secured a very good rank
in the same.

A1. Rewrite the False sentences correctly: (2)

(i) The writer did not like Mathematics and Science.
(ii)The writer studied Mathematics and Science only for scoring maximum marks in exams.
(iii) The writer's skill at solving problems helped him in his IIT entrance exam.
(iv)The writer scored 100% marks in Mathematics in almost all the examinations he appeared for.
A2. Write 2 achievements of the writer in Mathematics. (2)

99
A3. List the different techniques used by the writer to learn Science and Mathematics. (2)
A4. Why, do you think, should you study a subject? (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) These problems were not a part of the curriculum, but I enjoyed the whole process. (Rewrite using a
subordinating conjunction.)
(2) This exam is completely based on your problem-solving ability and the ability to think not only logically
but quickly and rapidly. (Pick out two adverbs of manner.)
A6. Write the verb forms of the following: (i) maximum (ii) examination (2)
(iii) challenging (iv) beauty

Extract 4:
Q.3. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

I was quite happy getting into IIT, but my joy was shortlived. At Solapur I had not seen any building
which was more than three storeyed. Mumbai however was full of skyscrapers. At IIT, most of the
students and professors used to converse in English whereas my English was very poor. I had my entire
education in Marathi. My spoken English was quite pathetic. Not only did I have a very weak vocabulary,
but, my pronunciation also was terrible and my construction of English sentences very awkward to say the
least. Due to all this, I was feeling quite lonely and terrified in Mumbai in general and IIT in particular. I
had developed an inferiority complex and wanted to run away from IIT and even Mumbai. One day, I was
sitting at my mess table in the hostel sipping tea when a senior guy came and sat on the chair adjacent to
me. He was a convent educated guy with fairly sophisticated English- at least spoken or colloquial
English. He was a bit arrogant and wanted to pull my leg. He tried to engage in some conversation with
me and started pointing out errors in just about every sentence or everything that I said. After about 5
minutes he walked away after insulting me. I felt extremely humiliated and upset. As it is, I was feeling
quite depressed and diffident and this incident was the last straw. I was almost broken. I felt out of place
there and literally wanted to run away to Solapur that very moment. However, it was only my self-esteem
which stopped me. Suddenly, a feeling of determination and strength came over me and gripped me.
Despite hailing from Solapur, if I could be a rank holder in the school, college and IIT with many awards
in Mathematics, there must be something right with me. Why should I give up? And that too for a silly
and small thing like English? I was not to give up anymore, and I was determined to fight back.

A1. Complete the following: (2)

The writer was completely stumped because his:
(a) vocabulary was …………………………….
b) spoken English was.............
(c) pronunciation was............
(d) construction of sentences was .............

A2. The writer's joy was short lived. Explain why. (2)
A3. Complete the following by writing the emotions of the narrator: (2)
Due to the writer's pathetic English speaking style, he:
i)……………………………………
ii) …………………………………..
iii) …………………………………
iv) …………………………………

A4. “Speaking English fluently and confidently is important.” Discuss. (2)

A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) He was a convent educated guy. (State whether the underlined verb is a main verb or primary
auxillary verb.)
100
(2) It was only my self-esteem which stopped me. (Remove 'which' and rewrite)

A6. Fill in the blanks selecting the correct phrase from the alternatives given and rewrite.) (2)
(be completely stumped, be broken, feel out of place)
i) When he lost his mother he was completely …………………………….
ii) The simple village girl …………………. In a formal party.

Extract : 5
Q.4. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

As I climbed the stairs of my hostel room, my plan was ready in my mind. Normally most of us who are
educated in vernacular languages such as Marathi, think in Marathi, before speaking in English, translate
it in English and then somehow try to speak out these translated English sentences in an extremely
awkward fashion. I had decided that I would do nothing of this sort. I wanted to achieve excellence. This
urge to excel in anything that you try to do has been with me since the childhood. Whether I would
succeed in this or not, I always set my aims high. In this case too, I wanted to speak excellent, elegant and
fluent English. The first thing I did was to start reading English newspapers and English novels. I studied
etymology and phonetics and studied the roots of the words and how to pronounce them. I used to stand in
front of the mirror and practice speaking, realising my mistakes and correcting them myself all the time
and improvising and improving day by day. It took about 9-10 months by which time I started feeling
quite confident about speaking in English at length with anybody. My fear had vanished and I started
feeling at home in my hostel. In my future career, out of 32 years in Information Technology field, I was
the Chief Executive or Managing Director or head of Software Company with thousands of software
engineers worldwide. During that period I had to give several presentations or negotiate many contracts
with the CEOs, Directors or VPs in the US, UK or Australia. I was absolutely at ease at that time. It is
only due to the efforts at IIT that I could sign contracts worth millions of dollars worldwide and also run
large global software companies.

A1. Make a list of 4 different steps that the writer undertook to improve his English speaking skills. (2)
A2. Describe any four achievements of the writer after achieving mastery over the English language. (2)
A3. Complete the following: The writer wanted to achieve mastery in English because - (2)
(a) he wanted to speak ..........................
(b) he would be able to achieve ……………………

A4. Complete the web highlighting the various opportunities you gained due to your good English
speaking skills: (2)

______

Opportunities
______ You gained ______

______

101
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) 1 had decided that I would do nothing of this sort. (Rewrite using the infinitive form of 'do'.)
(2) My fear had vanished and I started feeling at home in my hostel. (Use 'when'.)

A6. Write the meanings: (2)

(1) negotiate (ii) at ease

Extract: 6
Q.5. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

I passed from IIT, joined a non-violent social movement for tribals with Sarvodaya, participated in a
peaceful satyagraha, went to jail for 10 days, came back to Mumbai, was jobless for a while, worked for
Rs. 125/month to supervise workers at the night shift in a mechanical workshop, changed 13 houses in
Mumbai, and finally settled on Information Technology as my career. I spent 32 years in Information
Technology out of which I was a Chief Executive Officer or MD or the software head for 23 years for
large global multinational software companies with thousands of software professionals worldwide and 6
offices in the US, 3 in Europe, 1 in Japan and 1 in Australia. I had to travel all over the globe around 150
times for business. During this period, I had also written 4 books with 500-700 pages each on Information
Technology published by Tata McGraw-Hill and then translated into Chinese for global distribution. I
learnt a lot of things when I was running these large companies. The first one was the importance of team
work. In today’s world, nothing is possible without team work. You cannot be successful if you are a
loner and an egoistic person. Secondly, you need to lead from the front by setting a good example in front
of your staff. Third was that you need to treat your subordinates and your colleagues as friends. In my
career, I made a few mistakes, but learnt a lot about motivation, being a good listener, target setting and
the art of delegation which forms such an important part of today's management.

A.1 Complete the web stating the principles of good management: (2)

_____

principles of
_____ good
management
_____

_____

A2 List two things that the writer said he learnt while running large companies. (2)
A3. Complete the following: (2)
(1) As an activist of Sarvodaya movement, the writer:
(i) participated.........
(ii) joined.......

(2) As an MD or Chief Executive Officer, the writer :

(i) travelled ……………………
(ii) wrote ………………………
A4. Do you think that team work is important today? Explain with an example. (2)
102
A5. Language Study: (2)
(I) I made a few mistakes, but learnt a lot about motivation. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.)
(2) I had also written 4 books with 500-700 pages each on Information Technology published by Tata
McGraw-Hill. (Pick out the predicate.)
A6. From the extract and four words that form their antonyms by adding a prefix. (2)

Extract: 7
Q.6. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

After working for all these software companies for so many years, I wanted to return to my first love i.e.
to read and write on various subjects concerning human life and existence. Therefore, I gave up two offers
of around 3 crore rupees per annum to become a writer. This is how my second innings as a writer in
Marathi began. After this, I have written about 34 books in Marathi. Most of them have become
bestsellers with tens of thousands of copies sold for each. However, it is not the sales or the money that is
important to me as much as the fact that these books have brought about very good changes in the lives of
thousands of readers. After reading my autobiography ‘Musafir’ and a book on Psychology ‘Manat’,
hundreds have come out of depression and more than a dozen have given up thoughts of committing
suicide and decided to start all afresh. There are hundreds who tell me that they understood the theory of
relativity or Big Bang reading my book on Science ‘Kimayagar’. My book ‘Boardroom’ on Management
has created at least 20 successful entrepreneurs. Then there are hundreds who tell me that they now can
understand Economic Times or NDTV Profit after reading my book on economics ‘Arthat’. Many have
turned to Mathematics after reading my book on Mathematics ‘Ganiti’. The same is true about my books
on Indian Music (Nadvedh), English Literature (Zapoorza), Painting (Canvas), Western Films (Limelight)
and Western Music (Symphony) or books such as ‘Genius’ series, ‘Rakta’ or ‘Vitamins’ or ‘Anartha’. It is
these reactions of thousands of readers and the feeling that I am touching the hearts of thousands, if not
lakhs, of my readers that keeps me going. Why am I telling you my story? When I look back, there are a
number of lessons and values that I cherish and keep learning about even today. Some of these are: Thirst
for knowledge, Curiosity, Humility, Humanity, Rationality, Equality, Team work, Quest for excellence,
Never say die, Thinking big...

A1. Match the topics in Column A with the names of the writer's books in Column B: (2)

A B
i Management a Manat
ii Painting b symphony
iii Western music c canvas
iv Psychology d Boardroom

A2. Describe briefly how the author's books ‘Kimayagar' and ‘Arthat’ have brought about very good
changes in the lives of readers. (2)
A3. Describe the second innings of the writer in your own words. (2)
A4. ‘Passion is more important than wealth.’ Write your views. (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)

(1) These books have brought about very good changes in the lives of thousands of readers. (Rewrite
beginning ‘Very good changes....)

(ii) I have written about 34 books in Marathi. (Rewrite the verb into the future perfect tense.)
103
A6. Give the adjective forms of the following: (2)
i) humanity (1) rationality (ii) humility (iv) equality

Extract: 8
Q. 7. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

At IIT I got fairly good marks in my first 2 years. However, a very important thing happened while I was
in my 3rd year. I came in contact with about 15-20 extremely brilliant students/researchers/professors
from IIT, TIFR and BARC. They included top ranking students from IIT, visiting professors in American
Universities, and very renowned mathematicians in the world and so on. I was instantaneously attracted to
this group. This friendship had a lasting impact on my life. Until that time I used to consider myself
somewhat intelligent. However, after I met my friends in our group, I came to know what real brilliance
meant and I realised where I stood. I was actually also very lucky that I came in contact with great people
on the global scale early in my life. Later in my life when Mr. Narayan Murthy left Patni to start Infosys, I
started heading Patni's software division occupying the same chair. My Head Office was in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA, very near Boston. It was in fact the adjacent building to MIT in America. I had to
visit the US every few months in those days. I used to visit MIT during lunch time to meet my friends.
There, one could see a couple of Nobel Laureates at the dining table. If you walked for an hour from
there, you could reach Harvard Square near Harvard University. I used to visit both of these universities
and could talk to a number of Nobel Laureates. During these years I travelled a lot to US, Europe, Japan
and Australia and could meet a number of great thinkers and management gurus such as Alvin Toffler,
Peter Drucker, C. K. Prahlad, Tom Peters or great technologists such as Vincent Cerf, (who designed
TCP/IP which is the basic protocol of Internet). All these discussions with these greats broadened my
horizon, and my aims and worldview became global. It taught me humility and made me realise that I had
to achieve a lot in life. The lesson in humility and hard work as well as passion for excellence was going
to play a very important and vital role in my life.

A1. Name the following from the extract: (2)

(i) 2 Management gurus: …………………………
(ii) 2 universities: ……………………………
A2. Describe the very important thing that happened to the writer. (2)
A3. Complete the following:
The writer was benefited by the discussions with great people as it …………………………
(i) made ………………….
(ii) made him realize …………………….
(iii) broadened ………………………..
(iv) taught him ………………………..
A4. Name the university you would like to graduate from. Give reasons for your choice. (2)

A5. Language Study: (2)

(1) Find from the extract one sentence that has a modal auxiliary showing past habit.
(2) If you walked for an hour from there, you could reach Harvard Square near Harvard University. (Pick
out the causes and state their type.)
A6.Write the full forms of: (2)
(i) TIFR : (ii) TCP : (iii) BARC ((iv) IIT

104
 Extract: 9
Q.8.Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Coming back to my groups in IIT, my friends were not only more intelligent than me, but they were very
well-read. They had interest in all the subjects like Science, Technology, Sociology, Psychology,
Economics, Philosophy, Anthropology, Archeology, Political Science etc. Our group was interested in all
of these branches apart from all the fine arts such as music, literature, painting …. In short, our group was
interested in almost anything under the sun and which concerned human life and existence. I was
immediately attracted to the group and developed immense and deep interest in all these branches of
knowledge. None of these subjects were part of our curriculum at IIT, but again, I never studied for
scoring marks in any examination. Here was a sea of knowledge in front of me which I thought was
necessary to pass the ‘examination of life’ which was far more important than just passing IIT
examination. It is very difficult to become a master or an expert in all these subjects, but it was very
important for me to understand at least the basic principles of most of these subjects. Any of us could
easily top the GRE examination and migrate to the US. However, that thought never even touched our
minds. To understand the world and how it works and serving India and her people was far more
important to us. Therefore, I plunged into all these branches of knowledge. It was a period of renaissance
for me. We used to discuss about relativity, Big Bang, aesthetics, literature, philosophy, economics and
many other subjects every day until late into the nights. My cupboard was full of books on a variety of
topics. It is only because of the human curiosity that we have been able to make such a great progress in
science and technology, and social sciences. I have a number of limitations, but one thing I am proud of is
the curiosity, humility and humanity, i.e., concern for our fellow human beings. I learnt these values
during my IIT days. I also became a firm believer in rationalism and equality for all the castes, creeds,
races, genders and religions. I started treating Nature as God and humanity as religion

A1.Complete the web: (2)

______

Qualities
______ of the ______
writer

_______

A2. Based on the extract, explain why curiosity and humanity are important. (2)
A3. The author says that passing the 'examination of life’ is more important. Explain his views. (2)
A4. In your opinion, how do arts, music and literature enrich lives? (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) I plunged into all these branches of knowledge. It was a period of renaissance. (Join with which'.)
(2) It is very difficult to become a master or an expert in these subjects. (Rewrite using 'not'.)

105
A6. Match the following: (2)

A B
I Sociology a the scientific study of material remains
of past human life and activities
Ii Economics b the study of the development, structure,
and functioning of human society
Iii Psychology c the branch of knowledge concerned with
the production, consumption, and
transfer of wealth.
iv Archaeology d the scientific study of the human mind
and its functions.

EXTRACT : 10

Q.9.Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

I scored 100% marks in Mathematics in almost all the examinations that I appeared for from my 1st
standard until IIT, barring only a few times. I stood 16th in the SSC Board (at that time, this examination
was for the whole of Maharashtra, including Nagpur) and I stood 1st in the University in all subjects put
together. Those days, you could get an admission into IIT without the entrance test (JEE) if you had
secured the 1st rank in the University. Therefore, I did not have to appear for the entrance test to get the
admission into IIT, but nobody in Solapur told me about it, for I doubt if anybody in Solapur even knew
about this rule. Therefore, I appeared for the entrance examination, and I secured a very good rank in the
same. I was quite happy getting into IIT, but my joy was short lived. At Solapur I had not seen any
building which was more than three storeyed. Mumbai however was full of skyscrapers. At IIT, most of
the students and professors used to converse in English whereas my English was very poor. I had my
entire education in Marathi. My spoken English was quite pathetic. Not only did I have a very weak
vocabulary, but, my pronunciation also was terrible and my construction of English sentences very
awkward to say the least. Due to all this, I was feeling quite lonely and terrified in Mumbai in general and
IIT in particular. I had developed an inferiority complex and wanted to run away from IIT and even
Mumbai. One day, I was sitting at my mess table in the hostel sipping tea when a senior guy came and sat
on the chair adjacent to me. He was a convent educated guy with fairly sophisticated English- at least
spoken or colloquial English. He was a bit arrogant and wanted to pull my leg. He tried to engage in some
conversation with me and started pointing out errors in just about every sentence or everything that I said.
After about 5 minutes he walked away after insulting me. I felt extremely humiliated and upset. As it is, I
was feeling quite depressed and diffident and this incident was the last straw. I was almost broken. I felt
out of place there and literally wanted to run away to Solapur that very moment. However, it was only my
self-esteem which stopped me. Suddenly, a feeling of determination and strength came over me and
gripped me. Despite hailing from Solapur, if I could be a rank holder in the school, college and IIT with
many awards in Mathematics, there must be something right with me. Why should I give up? And that too
for a silly and small thing like English? I was not to give up anymore, and I was determined to fight back.

A1 Complete the given statements. (2)

i. The writer got admission in IIT as he ….

ii. The poor English of the writer was responsible for ….
A2 Describe the state of mind of the writer when he came from Solapur. (2)
A3 The incident of the insult by a senior was a blessing in disguise for the writer. Explain. (2)
A4 We need a punch to push ourselves forward. Share your experience. (2)

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A5 Do as directed. (2)

i) Not only did I have a very weak vocabulary, but my pronunciation also was terrible. [Choose
correct alternative to rewrite the sentence as a simple sentence]
a. I had a very weak vocabulary with terrible pronunciation.
b. I had a very weak vocabulary and my pronunciation was terrible.
c. I did have a very weak vocabulary along with terrible pronunciation.
d. I had a weak vocabulary as well as terrible pronunciation.

ii) I felt extremely humiliated. [Choose correct alternative to rewrite the sentence using the noun form
of the underlined word.]
a. I felt extremely humiliation.
b. I felt extremely humiliating.
c. I felt extreme humiliation.
d. I felt extreme humiliating.

A6 Prepare a word register for ‘language’. (2)

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 SECTION II : POETRY

2.1: SONG OF THE OPEN ROAD

- Walt Whitman

Introduction

Written by the American poet Walt Whitman, this poem was published in the 1855 volume called “Leaves
of Grass”. This poem talks about the road of life on which each person undertakes a long journey. Through
his poem, the poet tells how he himself walks on this ‘open road’.

Poem
Stanza 1
Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,
Healthy, free, the world before me,
The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
The poet begins his journey with a light heart. To him, the road seems free and full of possibilities. He is
free to make the choice of his path and destination. The destination is not fixed and this makes the road
more liberating. He announces his choice as he declares that the road leads to wherever I choose.
The speaker in the poem is thus a light-hearted traveller walking on the open road of life. He wishes that
each person who undertakes a journey on the road of life should adopt a similar attitude.

Stanza 2
Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,
Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,
Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,
Strong and content I travel the open road.
In these lines, the speaker declares that he does not believe in destiny and therefore does not ask for good-
fortune, He is determined to make his own destiny as he says “I myself am good-fortune”. Because he has
complete faith in himself, he declares that “I whimper no more, postpone no more, and need nothing”.He
intends to tell his readers that they too should not waste time in complaining about obstacles in their paths.
Rather, they should proceed on their respective paths. According to the speaker, man should abandon all
demands, grudges, bitter feelings and criticisms during the journey of life. Free of complaints, libraries,
querulous criticisms, man should be satisfied with what he has.

Stanza 3
The earth, that is sufficient,
I do not want the constellations any nearer,
I know they are very well where they are,
I know they suffice for those who belong to them.
These lines emphasize the value of contentment or self-satisfaction. No man should invest his hopes in Fate.
Instead of hoping for the stars of the constellations, man should contend himself with what the Earth offers
him as he says, “The earth, that is sufficient”.
Whitman’s speaker believes that contentment is the key to make one’s journey on the open road easy. One
should not become too ambitious. The desire for material gains will only slow down their journey.

Stanza 4
(Still here I carry my old delicious burdens,
I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go,
I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them,
I am fill’d with them, and I will fill them in return.)
The final lines of this section are enclosed in brackets. In these lines, the speaker admits that even he
himself is not altogether free from life’s burdens. He says “I carry my old delicious burdens”, referring to
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the grief and loss the speaker has experienced. He admits that though he is advising others to make their
journeys without any feelings that weigh them down, he himself fails to follow it strictly.

Like most humans, it is his tendency to carry the burden of his past memories with him. He carries in his
heart the memories of all places he has been to and all the people he has known. He believes that it is
impossible for me to get rid of them because experiences are inseparable.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Pick out the lines showing that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his journey.
Ans: ‘Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,..’
‘Healthy, free, the world before me.’
‘The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.’
‘Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,’
‘Strong and content I travel the open road.’
‘The earth, that is sufficient,’

(ii) By ‘old delicious burdens’ the poet means:

(a) the luggage
(b) the food he carries
(c) sweet memories of the past
Ans: (c) sweet memories of the past

iii) The poet is a person who is free from all inhibitions. Discuss how the concept is expressed in the
poem.
Ans: The poet is about to embark on a trip. He does not consider anything can restrict him, even his own
hesitation or doubts. He says he is prepared -‘afoot ’and ‘light-hearted’, He is physically fit and mentally
without any dilemma. He is all set to follow the road to his dream/destination. ‘Healthy and free’ He does
not (want to) depend on good luck or fortune to be kind to him. He has his life, his destiny, in his own hands
and is confident that is enough. ‘I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune’.
He is no longer going to delay his journey with complaints, criticising that everything is not perfect. What is
there is enough for him. ‘I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,’ ‘The earth, that is
sufficient’. His determination is strong and he has decided to progress on his path in life. ‘Strong and
content I travel the open road.’

(ii) Write down the traits the poet exhibits through the following lines.

(a) Henceforth, I ask for no good fortune –

Ans: I myself am good fortune – Self-confidence

(b) Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing –

Ans: Positive and self-reliant

c) I do not want the constellations any nearer –

Ans: self-assured and independent

(d) I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them –

Ans: clear-thinking and knowing his mind

(e) I am filled with them – I will fill them in return –

Ans: aware and honest about himself

(iii) ‘Healthy, free, the world before me.’ Express your views regarding the above line.
Ans: The poet is about to set out on life’s journey. He is of healthy body and mind. He feels strong enough

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to meet challenges he may have to face on the way. His attitude seems positive, hopeful and determined –
he says ‘the world before me’ – showing this.
Hence we can say he is ready to make use of every opportunity the world can provide and he will not delay
or complain, postpone or criticize, blaming others. He can make any dream come true.

iv) The poet has used many describing words like ‘healthy’ in the poem. Make a list and classify them
as
(a) For the world: sufficient
(b) For himself: light-hearted, healthy, free, good-fortune, strong, content,
(c) For the road: open, long brown path

iv) The road in the poem does not mean only the road to travel. The poet wants to suggest the road of
life. Explain the metaphor with the help of the poem.
Ans: In a journey we may go on, we plan on the mode of travel, and hope to have an enjoyable trip. We
want to admire the scenes passing by. We may meet new people. Sometimes we may come across some
difficulties, yet we complete the trip and return home to our normal routine.
For a trip, we make travel plans decide the destination and so on. But life itself is a long journey. In our life
we have family and friends. We don’t know what will happen in future. We remember pleasant as well as
sad situations of the past. We work hard, find success, face failure, and attain glory and defeat. So life goes
on.
In both, a trip or in life, the attitude is important in how we make the journey. One must go ahead with a
positive and flexible mind-set. Unexpected situations will come up. We may have pleasant as well as
unpleasant situations. But if we have self-belief, any difficulty can be faced. One must just be strong.
The poem also tells we have memories. We are held back by attachments. But we can carry the beautiful
past as happy memories, we should always go forward in the journey of life.

v) There are certain words that are repeated in the poem. For example, ‘no more’ (Line 7) Find out
other similar expressions. Explain the I effect they have created in the poem.
Ans: There are several words that are repeated.
1. ‘open road’ – lines 1 and 7. Indicates the path in life is open wide for the poet/ person to make any choice
he wants. The opportunities are unlimited.
2. ‘before me’ – the poet is looking at the road ahead, his future life, his outlook for the upcoming journey
(of life).
3. ‘Henceforth I’ – lines 4 and 5. The poet conveys ‘from that point onwards’ he has decided to do or not do
certain things.
4. ‘good-fortune’ – he believes good fortune or destiny is not external. It is within one’s power, in one’s
own hands.
5. ‘I know’ – lines 11 and 12. This shows his full awareness.
6. I carry’ – lines 12, and twice in 13, I indicate the weight of the burdens though they may be delicious.
7. ‘they are’ – line 10 emphasizes that entity (constellations or people with power) belongs where it is.

vi) The use of personal pronoun ‘I’ is evident and prominent in this poem. Give reasons.
Ans: The repetition of the pronoun ‘I’ occurs fifteen times in as many lines of the poem. This shows us how
fully in charge the poet is of his life, his destiny, his actions, his decisions and the consequences.
The repeated use of T shows that he is confident of himself and is able to take his life forward independent
of other’s support. He is going to stop complaining, criticizing.
He will approach the future on his own strengths. Ready to use the opportunities that he comes across, the
poet is quite sure he does not need either luck or influential friends to help his attempts. He seems assured
of his own capabilities.

vii) Describe the mood of the speaker in the poem.

Ans: 1. Hopeful , 2. Cheerful 3. Upbeat 4. buoyant

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Viii) Pick out the lines from the poem which indicate the past behaviour of the poet, which he now
chooses to discontinue and discard. What do the thoughts indicate regarding the poet’s intentions for
the future?
Ans: The lines which the poet writes indicating his change in mind-set are:
1. ‘Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,
2. Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,
3. Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,’
The poet realizes he has been discontented, complaining, blaming and criticizing others, as an excuse for his
inaction. He had not taken charge of his own actions or his life.
Now he has a clear view of what he will do in the future, a different attitude to life. He has taken charge of
both now. He is ready to leave behind all negativity and move ahead with hope and self-confidence.

ix) The poet says ‘strong and content’, ‘The earth, that is sufficient’. Describe your thoughts about
yourself if you were starting out on life’s journey. Would ‘the earth be sufficient’ for you to being
‘strong and content’?
Ans: I agree with the poet. The fact that I am reading and understanding the poem indicates I have a high-
school education. People with much fewer advantages have accomplished great things. I can use the
resources I have to become a good human, a useful citizen and find my way to go forward in life. Success
and satisfaction does not mean making lots of money or becoming famous. If I can help fellow humans and
give back to the country that has given me so much, I will be content.

Poetic Devices:
1. Pick out a line from the poem that is an example of paradox.
Answer:
‘Still here I carry my old delicious burdens’ is the line that is having a paradox ‘delicious’ and ‘burden’.
Something delicious is pleasant, whereas ‘burden’ reminds us of something difficult and unpleasant. But the
poet wants to convey that his sweet memories are difficult to leave behind. They pull us back from going
away. But still he will go, but he will carry his precious memories and still carry on his life’s journey.

2. Pick out the line where transferred epithet is used by the poet.
Ans: ‘Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous complaints.’
The phrase ‘indoor complaints’ describes the speaker who earlier had been enclosed indoors and
complaining. Now he is ‘done’ -will no longer do that. Another phrase ‘querulous criticisms’ speaks of an
irritated person constantly criticizing. The poet has decided he will no longer indulge in that also.

3. Write four to six lines of Free Verse on the topic ‘The road that leads to my college’. Express that it
is the road to knowledge and bright future. You may begin like this: Every day I tread with the bag of
books
Ans:
‘The Road That Leads to My College’
Every day I tread with the bag of books And a hopeful step,
Into the space of light and hope, Lean look for myself.
I go to become more ready For tomorrow and the day after.
Every day, every way I Grow and grow thankful and wise, strongly hopeful.

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 EXTRACT : 1
Read the extract carefully and do the activites given below: (10 Marks)
Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,
Healthy, free, the world before me,
The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,
Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,
Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,
Strong and content I travel the open road.
The earth, that is sufficient,
I do not want the constellations any nearer,
I know they are very well where they are,
I know they suffice for those who belong to them.
(Still here I carry my old delicious burdens,
I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go,
I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them,
I am fill'd with them, and I will fill them in return.)

Set I
A1. Pick out the two lines which describe the phrase 'good fortune. (2)

A2. 'Still here I carry my old delicious burdens' Give reasons for this statement. (2)

A3. Name and explain figure of speech used in the following line. (2)
The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose

A4. Express your own views regarding the following line. (2)
‘Song of the open road"

A5. Compose four lines on Journey of life', by using rhyming word. (2)
SET : II
A1. Pick out 4 lines to prove that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his journey. (2)

A2. The poet is a person who is free from all inhibitions. Discuss how the concept is expressed
in the poem. (2)

A3. 'Healthy, free, the world before me.' Express your views regarding the above line. (2)

A4. Pick out a line from the poem that is an example of paradox and explain it. (2)

A5. Write two to four lines of Free Verse on the topic "The road that leads to my college.” (2)

SET : III
A1 Pick out the two lines which describe the phrase ‘good fortune’. (2)
1) …………………………………………………………………….
2) …………………………………………………………………….

A2 ‘Still here I carry my old delicious burdens’ Give reasons for this statement. (2)
A3 Name and explain figure of speech used in the following line. (2)
‘The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose’

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A4 Express your own views regarding the following line. (2)
‘Song of the open road’
A5 Compose four lines on ‘Journey of life’ by using rhyming word. (2)

SET: IV

A1 Pick out the lines from the extract showing that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his
journey. (2)
A2. Write down the traits the poet exhibit through following lines: (2)
(a) Henceforth, I ask for no good fortune -I myself am good fortune -
(b) Henceforth, I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing -
(c) 1 do not want the constellations any nearer -
(d) Still here I carry my old delicious burden –
A3. Describe your own personal opinion in about 50 words on the line from the extract. (2)
"I ask not good-fortune, I myself am a good fortune."
A4. Identify and explain the figure of speech in the following line: (2)
"Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticism.
A5. Write four lines of free verse on to the topic, "The road that leads to my home". (2)
Express that it is a road of love, affection and care, share. You may begin like this:
Every week end I walk with a bag of love..........

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 2.2: INDIAN WEAVERS
- Sarojini Naidu

INDIAN WEAVERS' BY SAROJINI NAIDU

Indian Weavers is a beautiful poem written by renowned poet Sarojini Naidu. Sarojini Naidu (1879--1949)
was a political activist, feminist and acclaimed poet. She was an important figure in India's struggle for
Independence as she played an important role in India's Struggle for Independence. Her contribution to
poetry earned her the sobriquet Bharat Kokila or Nightingale of India.
INTRODUCTION
Indian Weavers is a short poem consisting of three quatrains. The poem talks about three types of garments
that the Indian weavers weave at three particular times of the day. Each stanza of the poem represents the
three important events of human life: birth (Childhood), adulthood (young), and death (old). She relates
them to different colours and different periods of the day. The poem has been structured in the question-
answer pattern. The colours mentioned in the poem are very significant as they indicate the moods related to
the events. The poem is a symbolic presentation of a man's journey from birth to death.
INDIAN WEAVERS: STANZA-WISE SUMMARY
Indian Weavers is a short and appealing poem consisting of three stanzas having four lines each. The
poem is structured in question-answer format. Below is given its stanza-wise summary.
Stanza -I (Childhood)
'Weavers, Weaving at break of day,
Why do you weave a garment so gay?...
Blue as the wing of the halcyon wild,
We weave the robes of a newborn child.
In the first stanza, the poetess asks the weavers, why they are weaving such a beautiful and blue coloured
garment early in the morning. The cloths are blue in colour as the wing of the halcyon (Kingfisher). The
blue colour is a symbol of loyalty and beauty. The Indian weavers reply that they are weaving these
beautiful robes (dress) for a newborn child who just came to the world. The number of images like the break
of day, garments as gay and blue as the wing of the halcyon wild are used to describe the first stage of
human life which is full of happiness, freshness, beauty, and hope.
Stanza -II (Adulthood)
"Weavers, weaving at fall of night,
Why do you weave a garment so bright?...
Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green,
We weave the marriage – veils of a queen.."
In the second stanza, the poetess again meets the Indian weavers during the fall of night and asks why they
are weaving a cloth late in the evening. She also asks why they are weaving a garment so bright like plumes
of peacock purple and green. They reply that the cloth is bright and beautiful because they are weaving for a
marriage veil of a queen. The second stanza symbolizes the second stage of life i.e.Adulthood where people
quest for a better and prosperous life. The purple and green colour symbolizes the ups and downs of life that
makes adulthood bright.
Stanza -III (Old Age)
"Weavers, weaving solemn and still,
What do you weave in the moonlight chill?
White as a feather and white as a cloud,
We weave a dead man‟s funeral shroud."
In the last stanza, the poetess finds that the mood of the weavers got changed. They are quite sorrowful and
silent. They are weaving the garment in the moonlight chill which is white as feather and cloud. She asks
114
them what they are weaving. The weavers reply that they are weaving shrouds for a dead person. This
stanza represents the final stage of life i.e. death. In this stage, all the colours vanish away and remain only a
single color- white which represents eternal peace.
CONCLUSION:
The poem represents three stages of human life using symbols like clothes and periods of the day. The break
of the day represents the beginning of life (Childhood). The fall of night is a symbol of adulthood where
people quest for a better and prosperous life. The moonlight chill or night represents the last stage of life i.e.
old age (death). The poet beautifully portrays a comparison between the three parts of the weaver's workday
and the three stages of human life. Besides, she highlighted the importance of weavers, their hard work, and
their thoughts while working.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1) Discuss the various products made by the weavers in the poem.

Ans: The poet asks the weavers what they are weaving at daybreak. It is a brightly coloured cloth and she
asks the reason. The weavers reply that the robes, in the gay colour of the wild kingfisher, are for a
newborn.
The poet next asks the weavers at dusk, for what they are weaving that bright cloth. The purple and green
shaded fabric is for a queen’s wedding veil, reply the weavers. The poet asks what they are making in the
chill night in the moonlight. The weavers are weaving a cloth as white as a feather, as a cloud. They say
they are weaving a shroud for a dead man’s funeral.

2) The words in the three stanzas of the poem mention different times of a day. Complete the table.
Ans:
Time of the day Words/ phrases Weaver’s work
Early morning Break of day Weavers weave robes for the newborn child
Late in the evening Fall of night Weavers weave a wedding veil for a queen
Night Moonlight chill Weavers weave a shroud for a dead man’s funeral

3) The poem reveals three phases of life. Fill in the blanks with feelings and colours appropriate to the
phase of life.
Ans:
Newborn/ Childhood Youth/ Adulthood Old age/ Death
Colour Blue Peacock colours of White as a feather or
purple-green cloud
Feeling Hopes and expectations Expectations, Frailness, peace,
responsibilities, wisdom
romance, energy

4) Complete the sentence:

The weavers weave in the chill moonlight ……………….. .
Ans: The weavers weave in the chill moonlight a cloth as white as a feather, as a cloud, a shroud, for a dead
man’s funeral.
5) Pick out two words used to describe the weavers in the last stanza. Also state their importance.
Ans: ‘Solemn’ and ‘still’ are the two words used in the last stanza to describe the weavers. The words
describe the occasion for which the craftsmen are working. A shroud is being woven for a funeral. The
workers’ mood is also serious and unsmiling because of the occasion.
6) Express your views about the present conditions of weavers.
Ans: Weaving has existed for thousands of years in India. It was second only to agriculture. The weaves and
fabrics from various regions were known around the world. From the Bengal muslin, to Kashmiri, Banarasi
and Kancheevaram silks the cloth from India was renowned for the quality and fineness, the designs and
richness.
Industrialization then brought problems for them. Power-looms are faster and manufacture large quantities
in short time, Fashion-houses buy fabric from the weavers, put their labels and sell off the cloth at a very
high price compared to the price paid to the craftsmen.
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The craftsmen remain unknown, their craft under-valued and their life is in poverty. Ancient skills are lost
and some take loans to somehow struggle. When debts are too much they commit suicide. Master weavers
send away sons to cities to take up jobs.
They do not want the sons to struggle. Parents will not give girls in marriage to weavers. They lack facilities
like lighting and water supply. Though the government has given subsidies for weavers most of it is lost to
bribes and the weavers receive negligible sums.

7) Describe in your own words the steps or measures that can be taken to solve the problems of the
weavers.
Ans: Weavers are unorganized. Buyers offer very low prices and if one weaver refuses, they go to another
weaver. So the prices are at lowest. The government allocates crores for Handloom Promotion Council, but
the weavers get nothing. Weavers’ organization can help the situation.
The weavers are forced to sell their creations to designers at low rates. No one helps to update weavers of
the latest fashions trends. Also their creations are not commercially advertised. Handloom industry is eco-
friendly in every way. It should be promoted by the Government, designers and supported by the public.
Subsidies for buying yarns and dyes should be given to the craftsmen. Clean water and proper lighting
facilities are needed for the craftsmen. Some designers and activists for the weaver communities have begun
working for the upliftment of the community and marketing the product.
The buyer can buy directly from the weavers and cut out corrupt middlemen. Exhibitions for selling wares
to the public will bring the craftsmen and buyer closer. We can hope that soon the craftsmen of handloom
will regain the lost glory which they deserve.

8) Express your own views and opinions from the weavers point of view and complete the following
table:
Ans:
Stanza Activity Views/Opinion
First stanza Robes for a new- born child The weavers feel happy because they
are enthusiastic to weave the bright
blue robes for the newborn.
Second Stanza A purple- green veil for the wedding of a The weavers are joyous to dress the
queen royalty on the happiest and most
important day of her life
Third Stanza Shroud for the funeral of a dead man The weavers are solemn and quiet as
the cycle has closed for a person and
it is true for everyone

9) The poet has asked a question at the beginning of every stanza. Explain the effect it creates on the
reader.
Ans: Each stanza of the poem begins with a question to the weaver. The first is at dawn as the poet asks
why they are working so early. The second question asks why they make the bright coloured garment at
dusk. The third stanza begins asking them why they are working so late, in the cold darkness.
In the question the reader knows about the time of day, the colour of the cloth. The reply gives information
about the purpose of the new cloth and why that colour is chosen. The poem is like a conversation between
the poet and craftsmen. It conveys the metaphor using time of day and stage of life, the colour and cloth
suited for that stage. The mood of the weavers matches the time and purpose of their work. The poem thus
flows easily.
10) The weavers reply to the poet’s questions in each stanza. What is the common factor? What do
you understand from that?
1st stanza: ‘Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild’
2nd stanza: ‘Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green,’
3rd stanza: ‘White as a feather ..’
Ans: We find reference to a bird in all the three comparisons. In all of them the weavers refer to the colour
of the birds’ feathers. We could take it not only refers to the brightness but also to the lightness of the cloth.
The fabric is as soft and light as feathers for the tender newborn, or for the transparent veil of the queen.
The pure white shroud for the dead is soft too.

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 POETIC DEVICES
1) Pick out the rhyming words from the poem.
Ans: 1st stanza: day – gay ; wild – child
2nd stanza: night – bright; green – queen
3rd stanza: still – chill; cloud – shroud

2) Make a word register for clothes/attire/ dress:

Ans: garments, togs, outfit, wardrobe, raiment, apparel, get-up, gear.

3) The rhyme scheme in the first stanza is ‘aabb’. Find rhyme schemes in the second and third
stanzas:
Ans: The rhyme scheme in the second stanza is – aabb.
The rhyme scheme for the third stanza is – aabb.

EXTRACT: 1
Read the extract carefully and do the activites given below: (10 Marks)

Weavers, weaving at break of day,

Why do you weave a garment so gay?....
Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild,
We weave the robes of a new-born child.

Weavers, weaving at fall of night,

Why do you weave a garment so bright?........
Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green,
We weave the marriage-veils of a queen.

Weavers, weaving solemn and still,

What do you weave in the moonlight chill......
White as a feather and white as a cloud,
We weave a dead man's funeral shroud.

SET : I
A1. Fill in the columns based on your understanding of the poem: (2)

Time of the Day Type of Garment Colour of Garment For Whom

Early in the morning ________________ Blue New-born child

______________ Marriage veils of Purple and Green ______________

Queen
In the Dead night Dead man’s funeral _____________ Dead man
shroud

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A2. Complete the web. (2)
Complete the following web about what weavers compare the garments being woven by them.

____

Weavers
compare the
garments
being woven
by them with
Marriage veils
of queen with
___
the feather of
a peacock

A3. Describe in your own words the steps or measures that you would take to solve the problems of
weavers. (2)
A4. The rhyme scheme in the first stanza is ‘aabb’. Find rhyme scheme in the second and third stanza and
also write down the rhyming pairs of words of the second and third stanza from the given extract. (2)

A5. Compose four lines on ‘Importance of clothes’ (2)

SET : II
A1. The words in the three stanzas of the poem mention different times of a day. Complete the table.
(2)
Time of the day Words/ phrases Weaver’s work
Early morning Break of day Weavers weave robes for the
newborn child
Late in the evening ………………………
Night ………………………..

A2. The poem reveals three phases of life. Fill in the blanks with feelings and colours appropriate to
the phase of life. (2)

Newborn/childhood Youth / Adulthood Old age / Death

Colour Blue …………………………… …………………………..

Feeling Hopes and expectations ………………………….. …………………………….

A3. Describe in your own words the steps or measures that can be taken to solve the problems of the
weavers. (2)

A4. Pick out and explain two examples of 'Simile' from the poem. (2)

A5. Compose four lines on 'Importance of clothes'. (2)

*****************

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 2.3 : THE INCHCAPE ROCK
- Robert Southey

Introduction

The poem Inchcape Rock by Robert Southey is a ballad describing the bitter end of those who commit to
evil set in 14th Century Scotland.
It talks of a bell being installed on the Inchcape rock for warning the people and sea-farers about the reef
near the Scottish coast. It is snatched by a pirate who ends up dying on the same land to symbolize a form of
equalizing justice.

Poem
Stanza 1
No stir in the air, no stir in the sea,
The Ship was still as she could be;
Her sails from heaven received no motion,
Her keel was steady in the ocean.
The poet sets the natural setting with calm and restful waters and sky near the sea coast. There is a ship
docked near the coast, still and motionless with its erect keel. There is nothing in the setting to alarm any
soul or any sign of storm to come.

Stanza 2
Without either sign or sound of their shock,
The waves flow’d over the Inchcape Rock;
So little they rose, so little they fell,
They did not move the Inchcape Bell.
The second stanza tells that the drowsy sea waves. They ebb and flow without much energy or sound. They
water the Inchcape Rock so lightly that they do not even ring the bell installed on it as if the entire ambiance
is lulled into a slumber.

Stanza 3
The worthy Abbot of Aberbrothok
Had placed that bell on the Inchcape Rock;
On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung,
And over the waves its warning rung.
The poet talks about the history of the bell that was installed by the Abbot of Aberbrothok. Sensitive to and
fully aware of the risk that ships had while traversing the rocky coast his intention was to warn them about a
possible collision.
The bell was connected to a floating buoy chained to the rock. As the waves crashed against the buoy, the
bell sounded loud warnings for the seamen to avoid any possible accident or tragedy.

Stanza 4
When the Rock was hid by the surge’s swell,
The Mariners heard the warning Bell;
And then they knew the perilous Rock,
And blest the Abbot of Aberbrothok
The poet highlights the fact that the Inchcape rock was not visible from the sea especially during high
waves. The Mariners were made aware of its presence only through the sound of the bell. They grateful
seamen thanked and expressed their good wishes to the Abbot for his kindness and compassion.

Stanza 5
The Sun in the heaven was shining gay,
All things were joyful on that day;
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The sea-birds scream’d as they wheel’d round,
And there was joyaunce in their sound.
The poet goes on to further detail the picture of the day. It was sunny and bright and filled with vigor and
delight. The birds danced and playfully took flight while there remained certain buoyancy in the step of the
ship’s men.

Stanza 6
The buoy of the Inchcpe Bell was seen
A darker speck on the ocean green;
Sir Ralph the Rover walk’d his deck,
And fix’d his eye on the darker speck.
In the next stanza, the reader gets the first glimpse of the poet, Sir Ralph who is the captain of the anchored
ship. As the day was clear and the waters green, the buoy was easily distinguishable as strikingly black. He
was standing at the deck, watchfully staring at that buoy, a dark spot within the massive blue-green canvass
of the ocean.

Stanza 7
He felt the cheering power of spring,
It made him whistle, it made him sing;
His heart was mirthful to excess,
But the Rover’s mirth was wickedness.
The poet now talks about his feelings and emotions. The beautiful day added more cheer and zest to his
spirits and he expressed it through a whistle and a song. This hid the sinister thought that was lurking
behind that happy façade.

Stanza 8
His eye was on the Inchcape Float;
Quoth he, “My men, put out the boat,
And row me to the Inchcape Rock,
And I’ll plague the Abbot of Aberbrothok.”
The devilish thoughts lurking inside the dark mind of the captain stirred some evil thoughts. He wanted to
destroy the bell and wreak havoc on the unsuspecting ships. He ordered his men to lower a boat and hopped
on it to get close to the buoy and the bell mounted on top of it. He wanted to obliterate the good work and
name of the Abbot.

Stanza 9
The boat is lower’d, the boatmen row,
And to the Inchcape Rock they go;
Sir Ralph bent over from the boat,
And he cut the bell from the Inchcape Float.
The shipment and the captain row the boat to the buoy and the Inchcape rock harboring it. In one sweep of
disdain and brutality, they uproot the bell from its roots. Now the poet paints a picture of an uprooted bell
being engulfed by the ravenous sea and it sinks to its depths.

Stanza 10
Down sank the Bell with a gurgling sound,
The bubbles rose and burst around;
Quoth Sir Ralph, “The next who comes to the Rock,
Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.”
As if to make a mournful cry, some bubbles spring around the bell but soon fizzle away as the bell drowns
into the dark emptiness of the sea. The devilish captain is proud of his actions and hopes that no one will
ever offer thanks to or shower the Abbot with praise for his bell and generosity.

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Stanza 11

Sir Ralph the Rover sail’d away,

He scour’d the seas for many a day;
And now grown rich with plunder’d store,
He steers his course for Scotland’s shore.
Proud of his despicable deed, the Captain set the sails on a new journey across many seas and over many
days. When he has collected and pirated enough treasure and booty, he heads back to the Scottish shores.

Stanza 12

So thick a haze o’erspreads the sky,

They cannot see the sun on high;
The wind hath blown a gale all day,
At evening it hath died away.
The day of his return turns out to be dark and grim. The Sub does not shower its warmth and the whole
environment is enveloped in an ominous and hazy blanket of fog. Even the blustering winds of the day have
seized and stalled as well

Stanza 13
On the deck the Rover takes his stand,
So dark it is they see no land.
Quoth Sir Ralph, “It will be lighter soon,
For there is the dawn of the rising Moon.”
The Rover/captain is stationed at the deck of the ship. The fog has made it impossible to sight the land from
a distance. The crew of the sea is anxious and panic-stricken but the Rover assures them that there would be
light once the moon arrives with the gentler and clearer night.

Stanza 14
“Canst hear,” said one, “the breakers roar?
For methinks we should be near the shore.”
“Now, where we are I cannot tell,
But I wish we could hear the Inchcape Bell.”
One of the seamen cries out his anxiety as he could not make the position of the coastland as well as the
ship. As the waves recede into a mute conspiracy, he laments the fact there is no Inchcape bell to help ease
their fears and warn them of the nearing rocky coast.

Stanza 15
They hear no sound, the swell is strong,
Though the wind hath fallen they drift along;
Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock,
“Oh Christ! It is the Inchcape Rock!”
Meanwhile, the sea got more turbulent and feisty. There are no alarm bells ringing and the wind also drops
to a standstill. The boat is now in the grip of the waves as it drifts with them. And suddenly, there is a loud
collision that they all feared. The ship thudded into the Inchcape rock. It was a doomed finish to a devious
beginning. The bells of justice

Stanza 16
Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair,
He curst himself in his despair;
The waves rush in on every side,
The ship is sinking beneath the tide.
The Rover fell into a pit of his own making. The Inchcape rock had turned into his tombstone. He was
aghast at his own horrible mistake and as the water rushed in from all corners he knew he had reached his
breaking point. He bemoaned his own sinister thoughts as his ship neared its inundated end.

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Stanza 17
But even is his dying fear,
One dreadful sound could the Rover hear;
A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell,
The Devil below was ringing his knell.
As he breathed his last he finally heard a bell rang in the distance. He was seized with horror. The sound
was of the Abbot’s bell at the belly of the sea.The Devil at the bottom had the ball in his hand and was
ringing the death knell fervently. It was the final sound of the Rover’s fateful demise. It was deathly music
of revenge, a song of poetic justice.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

(1) Complete the following statement:

The Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock because …………………
Ans: The Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock because there were dangerous rocks
near the coast which would wreck ships.

(2) Given below are the events that give the theme of the poem in a jumbled form. Arrange in a
proper sequence as per their occurrence.
(a) The waves were so small that they did not move enough to ring the bell at the Inchcape Rock.
(b) The Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed the bell on a buoy on the rock.
(c) There was a thick haze spread over the atmosphere.
(d) Ralph bent over from the boat.
(e) Sir Ralph cursed himself in despair and in his frustration tore his hair.
Ans:
(b) The Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed the bell on a buoy on the rock.
(a) The waves were so small that they did not move enough to ring the bell at the Inchcape Rock.
(d) Ralph bent over from the boat.
(c) There was a thick haze spread over the atmosphere.
(e) Sir Ralph cursed himself in despair and in his frustration tore his hair.

(3) Describe the qualities of the Abbot of Aberbrothok in your own words.
Ans: benevolent, big-hearted, cared for the safety and lives of sailors, concerned for the ships and cargo at
sea, humanitarian

(4) ‘Jealousy’ is the most incurable defect, Justify.

Ans: When someone is in a better position of money or success or fame, there are people who feel that they
should destroy that. This is jealousy. We can see people who have more, and we can also work hard to reach
that position. But when someone wants to destroy that person who has reached the better position that is
wickedness. The jealous person is not willing to work for that state. They will not accept a lesser place also.
So a jealous mind-set slowly becomes completely evil.

(5) ‘But the Rover’s mirth was wickedness’. Explain this line in your own words with the help of the
extract.
Ans: The season of spring made everyone feel happy and light-hearted. The Rover was whistling and
singing. But this joyful mood made him reckless. He wanted to trouble the Abbot. The Abbot had put a Bell
there as a warning about the Inchcape Rock. Ralph rashly decided to undo his good work. The Rover was
jealous of the Abbot who was blessed by grateful sailors. He wanted to trouble the Abbot of Aberbrothok.

6) Some words in the poem are related to different parts of a ship or a mariner’s life. Given below are
the meanings of those terms. Identify the word.
Ans:
(a) Helps in steering the ship-wheel
(b) The lowest part of the ship – keel
(c) Floating object that shows direction- buoy
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(d) Another name for a ship-vessel
(e) Sinking – gurgling

7) Compose 4 to 6 lines on ‘Sea’ :

Ans: Sea
I meet the sky far away, brothers of the same colour.
I mirror his white woolly sheep and birds.
I pull and push; deep down or sometimes upwards
In my cool-world, small and big creatures, softly slither.

8. Give reasons for the sailors’ appreciation of the Abbot.

Ans: There were some dangerous rocks near the Scottish coast. The Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed a
buoy and fixed a bell on it, near those rocks. If the sea was rough sailors could spot the buoy. Even in the
darkness the rough seas made the bell ring. So by day or night the Abbot’s bell saved the sailors and their
ships from the rocks, and they blessed him.

9. Complete the following:

‘Wheel’d round’ here implies
Ans: Wheel’d around here implies a flock of birds flying round in circles, which looks like a wheel.

10. Describe the state of mind of Ralph.

Ans: Ralph the Rover also felt the effects of the season of spring. He felt very cheerful; he whistled and
sang as he walked about on the deck. He was in an extremely happy state of mind but his joy was evil in
intentions.

11: The pirate asked his men to row him over to the Inchcape Bell. Give reason
Ans : He then bent over and cut the Bell from the buoy. He did so that the sailors of the next ship would no
longer bless the Abbot for placing the warning Bell.

12. Describe Sir Ralph the Rover.

(a) Criminal
(b) Jealous
(c) Arrogant
(d) Vicious
(e) Spiteful

13. Choose the correct option:

On spotting the bell, Rover cut the bell from the buoy. This was an act of:
(a) Hatred
(b) Anger
(c) Jealousy
(d) Frustration
Answer: (c) Jealousy

14. ‘O Christ! It is the Inchcape Rock’ – Give reasons for Ralph’s Exclamation.
Ans: The Rover’s ship had struck the terrible rocks feared by sailors. Some time ago he himself had cut off
the Bell put there by the blessed Abbot. Now his own ship had hit the Inchcape Rock and was going to sink
with all his riches. He too was sure about to die.

15. Complete the following statements:

Ans: 1. The result of the thick haze that covered the sky was that the sailors had no way of knowing in
which direction they were sailing.
2. The Rover in frustration pulled his hair and cursed himself because he himself had cut the Bell which
would have rang and the sound would have helped them to save themselves from those killer-rocks.

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16. The pirate is given the title ‘Sir’ though he was a feared criminal. He is called a ‘rover’. Give
reasons for the same.
Ans: Though he was a feared criminal Ralph was the captain of his ship. The crew may have addressed him
‘Sir’ which explains it attached to his name. A rover is a person, animal, or thing that roves, or wanders,
Ralph the pirate roamed around on the seas looking for ships to attack and loot. Maybe that is why he was
called Ralph the Rover.
17. The poet gives hints to the reader in the second stanza of the extract. Find the significant line from
the extract and give reason for your answer.
Ans: The second stanza of this extract tells about what the pirate did after removing the Bell. He roamed the
seas and carried on his evil activities, killing and looting.
The last line is the hint of what is to happen later. ‘He steers his course for Scotland’s shore.’ The rover set
the course ‘for Scotland’s shores’. This is significant because the treacherous Inchcape Rock was on
the Scottish shores. So we get an idea that something may happen there.

18. Read the following lines and say what the situation was:
‘For me thinks we should be near the shore’. ‘Now where we are I cannot tell,’
Ans: The sailors could hear the waves crashing on the shore. But they had been blown about by wild winds
all day and so did not where they had reached. They did not know which land or shore was near. The
situation was that danger was near.

19. Explain the danger implied in the two lines:

‘They hear no sound, the swell is strong; Though the wind hath fallen they drift along,’
Ans: There was no sound except the breakers crashing on a nearby shore. There was no wind. But the sea
was rough and the strong sea pulled the helpless ship along. The sailors were confused and could not make
out which was the safe direction.

Personal Response:
1. Write an account of something which you did out of concern for others.
Ans: In our colony there is a young couple living with twin toddlers and elderly parents. The young man is a
doctor and his working hours are sometimes unpredictable.
My family is aware of this and we help in small ways. I help the elderly lady to take a walk on the street and
my brother helps the gentleman. I also help the young mother to mind the small children if she has to go out
shopping. I sometimes run errands for them too.
2. Give your opinion on the following line and explain its significance.
‘Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘The next who comes to the Rock
Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.’
Ansr: The Pirate says these words after he cut the Bell placed by the Abbot. The Abbot had placed it for
saving others. This act had brought fame for the Abbot and also the blessings of the many sailors that were
saved. But the pirate was jealous of the fame. He cut the Bell thinking to harm the Abbot. When someone is
concerned about others they are not looking for fame. But a selfish person is blinded by jealousy. They
behave foolishly and cause trouble only for themselves.
3. ‘Now where we are I cannot tell,
But I wish I could hear the Inchcape Bell’ From these lines describe the thoughts of
(a) ……… the sailors in the Rover’s ship.
(b) ……. the Rover’s.
Ans: (a) The sailors must have been terrified. They may have been feeling angry with their Captain for his
senseless act of cutting off the Inchcape Bell. It would be useful now to save them.
(b) The captain of the pirates must have been going mad with fear of the possible crash and sure death of
everyone on board. He did not know where his ship was located. He was wondering if they were going to
Crash on the Inchcape Rock. He had ensured his own destruction and death by cutting the Bell.

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4. Compose 2-4 lines with one of the following as the theme: anger/ hatred/jealousy
Ans: The Enemy Inside
I don’t know where he hides everyday He flashes in my eyes, in some words I say
To elders, family, friends. I am surprised
By my own words, my actions, only later I cried.

Compose 2-4 lines with one of the following as the theme:

Ans:
I Regret
I think of the harsh remark
The careless action I threw
I vow not to repeat anymore
As I begin this day new.
********************

EXTRACT: 1

Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10 marks)

He felt the cheering power of spring,

It made him whistle, it made him sing;
His heart was mirthful to excess,
But the Rover’s mirth was wickedness.

His eye was on the Inchcape float;

Quoth he, “My men, put out the boat,
And row me to the Inchcape Rock,
And I’ll plague the Abbot of Aberbrothok’.

The boat is lower’d, the boatmen row,

And to the Inchcape Rock they go;
Sir Ralph bent over from the boat,
And he cut the Bell from the Inchcape float.

Down sunk the bell with a gurgling sound.

The bubbles rose and burst around;
Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘The next who comes to the Rock
Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.”

A1. Rewrite the following sentences as per their occurrence in the extract: (2)

(1) Sir Ralph cut the Inchcape Bell.

(2) Sir Ralph asked his men to row him to the Inchcape Rock.
(3) The Inchcape Bell sank down.
(4) Sir Ralph kept his eye on the Inchcape float.

A2. “But the Rover's mirth was wickedness": Explain the line in your own words. (2)

A3. Those men who do wrong things, meet with due punishment": Express your point of view on the above
statement. (2)

A4. Pick out and write the rhyming words from the first stanza and also write its rhyme scheme. (2)

A5. Compose four poetic lines of your own on 'A memorable evening on a beautiful beach’ (2)

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 EXTRACT: 2
Q.2 (A) Read the given extract and complete the activities given below: (10 marks)

No stir in the air, no stir in the sea,

The ship was as still as she could be,
Her sails from heaven received no motion,
Her keel was steady in the ocean.

Without either sign or sound of their shock

The waves flow’d over the Inchcape Rock;
So little they rose, so little they fell,
They did not move the Inchcape Bell.

The Abbot of Aberbrothok

Had placed that bell on the Inchcape Rock;
On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung,
And over the waves its warning rung.

When the Rock was hid by the surge’s swell,

The mariners heard the warning bell;
And then they knew the perilous Rock,
And blest the Abbot of Aberbrothok.

A1. Complete the web. (2)

-------

Meritsof
------- Abbot of
Aberbrothok
-------

-------

A2. Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape rock because ………………….. (2)

A3 If you were Abbot of that era, what would you do to make the ship safe from crashing at Inchcape
rock. (2)

A4 Complete the table. (2)

Examples Figure of speech Explanation

1 The Ship was still as she could be
2 No stir in the air, no stir in the sea.

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 SET: II
A1. Give reasons for the sailors’ appreciation of the Abbot. (2)

A2. Describe the qualities of the Abbbot of Aberbrothok (2)

_________
Qualities of Abbot of
Aberthrok __________

_________

__________

A3. Write an account of something which you did not of concern for others. (2)

A4. “The ship was as still as she could be.” Write the figure of speech and explain it. (2)

A5. Compose 2-4 lines using “A song in the Air” as the theme. (2)
You could begin with……..
The leaves rustle gently

EXTRACT: 3
Q.3. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10 Marks)

On the deck the Rover takes his stand,

So dark it is they see no land.
Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘It will be lighter soon,
For there is the dawn of the rising Moon.’

‘Canst hear’, said one, ‘the breakers roar?

For methinks we should be near the shore’.
‘Now where we are I cannot tell,
But I wish I could hear the Inchcape Bell’.

They hear no sound, the swell is strong;

Though the wind hath fallen they drift along,
Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock,-
‘O Christ! it is the Inchcape Rock!’

Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair;

He curst himself in his despair;
The waves rush in every side,
The ship is sinking beneath the tide.

But even in his dying fear

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 One dreadful sound could the Rover hear,
A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell,
The Devil below was ringing his knell.

SET : I

A1 Name the two speakers from the first stanza and write what they are saying. (2)
A2 Explain the line, The Devil below was ringing his knell' (2)
A3 "Evil cannot go unpunished in this world" write your opinion on this in about 50 words in (2)
the light of the poem 'Inchcape Rock'
A4.Write down the rhyme scheme and rhyming pairs of the last stanza. (2)
A5. Read the following lines and compose the missing lines on your own from the stanza and (2)
rewrite it.
Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair;
The waves rush in every side,

SET : II
A1. Complete the following statements: (2)
i) The result of the thick haze that covered the sky was that ______________.
ii) The Rover in frustration pulled his hair and cursed himself because _______.

A2. Read the following lines and say what the situation was : (2)
For methinks we should be near the shore’.
‘Now where we are I cannot tell,’
A3. What do you think would have been Ralph’s feelings in the end?
A4. Complete the table: (2)

Examples Figure of speech Explanation

1 On the deck the Rover takes his stand
2 Oh Christ!

EXTRACT: 4
Read the extract carefully and do the activites given below: (10 Marks)

The boat is lower'd, the boatmen row.

And to the Inchcape Rock they go;
Sir Ralph bent over from the boat,
And he cut the Bell from the Inchcape float.

Down sunk the bell with a gurgling sound.

The bubbles rose and burst around;
Quoth Sir Ralph, 'The next who comes to the Rock
Won't bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.’

Sir Ralph ,the Rover, sail’d away,

He scour’d the seas for many a day;
And now grown rich with plunder’d store,
He steers his course for Scotland’s shore.

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 So thick a haze o’er spreads the sky,
They cannot see the Sun on high;
The wind hath blown a gale all day,
At evening it hath died away.

A1. Complete the following: (2)

(i) The pirate asked his men to__________________.
(ii) He then bent over and __________________.
(iii) He did so that _________ would no longer bless_________.

A2.The poet gives hints to the reader about Ralph the Rover's future in the third stanza of the extract. Find
the significant line/s from the extract and give reasons for your answer. (2)
A3. Give your opinion on the following line and explain its significance: (2)
Quoth Sir Ralph, "The next who comes to the Rock Won't bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.'
A4. Gurgling sound'. Find and explain the figure of speech. (2)
A5.Compose 2-4 lines with one of the following as the theme: Remorse/Regret. (2)

SET: II

A1. Choose the correct option/s and give reasons for it: (2)

Refusal of the children to share jokes and secrets indicates:

(a) They are angry
(b) Generation gap
(c) Lack of concern

A2. The poet deals with the theme of man's estrangement man-made world. Analyze it with the help of the
extract. (2)
A3. Describe your impression of the family members, from father's behaviour in the extract. (2)
A4. Pick out an example of Alliteration from the extract and explain it. (2)
A5. Write four lines on ‘Distance’. (2)

************

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 2.4 HAVE YOU EARNED YOUR TOMORROW
- Edgar Guest
Introduction
Written by Edgar Guest, this poem has four stanzas of four lines each. These four quatrains contain a series
of questions addressed to the readers in order to make them rethink their words and actions. The poem
emphasizes on the need to live one’s life in such a manner that one’s existence becomes helpful for others.

Stanza 1
Is anybody happier because you passed his way?
Does anyone remember that you spoke to him today?
This day is almost over, and its toiling time is through;
Is there anyone to utter now a kindly word of you?

The first stanza begins with the poet questioning the reader about his way of life. Every day that passes by
in one’s life becomes worthy if one has made anybody happier with one’s actions or words. The measure of
one’s achievements is not the material success. Rather, it depends on whether or not there is someone to say
a kindly word about us.

Stanza 2
Did you give a cheerful greeting to the friend who came along?
Or a churlish sort of "Howdy" and then vanish in the throng?
Were you selfish pure and simple as you rushed along the way,
Or is someone mighty grateful for a deed you did today?

In this stanza, the poet lays emphasis on the effect that a cheerful greeting can have on someone. The way
we greet others can affect their moods. Hence, a cheerful greeting always lifts spirits of the other person.
Not only words, but one’s actions affect others greatly. So, we must act in such a way that someone is
grateful for a deed we did for them.

Stanza 3
Can you say tonight, in parting with the day that's slipping fast,
That you helped a single brother of the many that you passed?
Is a single heart rejoicing over what you did or said;
Does a man whose hopes were fading now with courage look ahead?

As the days of one’s life are slipping fast, it becomes important to evaluate one’s life. Only when we
introspect, do we realise our follies. Even if we help a single brother, that is, a single person out of the many
in need, we lead our lives the right way. By saying “Is a single heart rejoicing over what you did or said”,
the poet means that even if a single heart is filled with joy due to our deeds or actions, it is a precious act of
kindness. If one can help fill courage in the heart of a man whose hopes were fading or whose spirits were
low, one has lived one’s day correctly.

Stanza 4
Did you waste the day, or lose it, was it well or sorely spent?
Did you leave a trail of kindness or a scar of discontent?
As you close your eyes in slumber do you think that God would say,
You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today?

What determines whether a day was fully lived or not is what a person leaves behind each day. The kind of
impression a person leaves on other’s through one’s gestures decides whether it was a day wasted or well-
spent. Only those who leave a trail of kindness are remembered with admiration.

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Conclusion

The poem concludes that life is lived in true sense only when it is lived for others. A self-centred person
only wastes away his days. But those who live each day by bringing smiles on sad faces and lifting spirits of
those in distress are God’s favourite people. By their kind actions and sweet words, they make God happy
so that he may exclaim, “You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today”.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS:

1) ‘……..was it well or sorely spent’? Explain the meaning and give illustrations.
Ans: The poet asks the reader again and again if he/she spent each day well or wasted it -‘sorely spent’. We
all are busy with our own lives, acting for our own benefit. The poet inspires us to be mindful and must be
of use to the world around us. The poet prompts us to speak kindly and unselfishly help, at least one fellow
human everyday. The message is implied throughout the poem.
He asks if you have made one person happy, some stranger who had lost all hope, to find some hope again.
So he will speak well of you. Is someone grateful to you at the end of (each) the day?

2) ‘As you close your eyes in slumber do you think that God would say,
You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today?’
Elaborate the idea expressed in these lines.
Ans: The poet indirectly means that each day we exist we must make our living useful. We are not sure if
we shall wake in the morning. We pray we do. But for God to grant us one more day -tomorrow – we have
to justify our existence today. Did we put today to use? Did we help at least one fellow-human? Did we
extend the help without expecting any returns?

3)Find out expressions/phrases which denote, ‘going away’ from each stanza.
Ans:
Stanza 1: “is almost over”
Stanza 1: “passed his way”
Stanza 1: “is almost over”
Stanza 2: “vanish in the throng”
Stanza 2: “rushed along”
Stanza 3: “were fading now”

4) Compose 4-6 lines on your own on ‘Good deeds’.

Ans: ‘Good deeds’
The tree gives shade and fruits it does not eat
The river flows cool and sweet of water it doesn’t drink.
When a stranger sad or in need you may meet
Be sure you lift him up, not let him into despair sink.

5) There are a few examples of homonyms in the poem. For example ‘spoke’. List homonyms from
the poem and give their meanings.
Ans: Passed:
(of a candidate) be successful in (an examination, test, or course).
went past/left behind Deed:
an action that is performed intentionally or consciously.
a legal document that is signed and delivered, especially one regarding the ownership of property or legal
rights.
Waste:
1. use or expend carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose.
(of a person or a part of the body) become progressively weaker and more emaciated.
2. (of a material, substance, or by-product) eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or required after the
completion of a process.

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Personal Response:

1. Describe the various ways you use to greet your elder.

Ans: Whenever we meet our elders we greet them with great respect and love. Through the length and
breadth of our country touching the feet of elders is the tradition. We also fold our palms in the very Indian
greeting of ‘Namaste’. This comes from the word ‘Namaskaar’. In south India touching people is not a
normal custom. Younger people prostrate full length before elders such as parents, uncles-aunts, gurus and
even older siblings. In north India the younger bend before the elders and ladies cover their head with the
shawl or sari edge. Age is a very significant factor. The greeting is always a gesture of respect and the
elders respond affectionately by showering blessings.

EXTRACT: 1
Q.1. Read the extract carefully and do the activities that follow: (10 Marks)

Have you Earned your Tomorrow

Is anybody happier because you passed his way?

Does anyone remember that you spoke to him today?
This day is almost over, and its toiling time is through;
Is there anyone to utter now a kindly word of you?

Did you give a cheerful greeting to the friend who came along?
Or a churlish sort of "Howdy" and then vanish in the throng? W
Were you selfish pure and simple as you rushed along the way,
Or is someone mighty grateful for a deed you did today?

Can you say tonight, in parting with the days that's slipping fast,
That you helped a single brother of the many that you passed?
Is a single heart rejoicing over what you did or said;
Does a man whose hopes were fading now with courage look ahead?

Did you waste the day, or lose it, was it well or sorely spent?
Did you leave a trail of kindness or a scar of discontent?
As you close your eyes in slumber do you think that God would say,
You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today.

SET: 1

A1. Find out 2 expressions/phrases which denote, ‘going away’, from stanzas 1 and 2: (2)
1) i) stanza 1 : ……………………….
ii) Stanza 1 : ………………………..
2) i) Stanza 2 : …………………….
ii) Stanza 2 : …………………..
A2. ……… ‘was it well or sorely spent’? Explain the meaning and give illustrations. (2)
A3. Describe the various you use to greet your elders. (2)
A4. Identify and explain an example of synecdoche from the poem. (2)
A5. Compose 4-6 lines of your own on ‘Good deeds’. (2)

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 SET: II

A1. Complete the web showing the way poet want us to greet our friends. (2)

_____

Poet want
_____ us to greet
our friend
_____

_____

A2 "This day is almost over, and its toiling time is through; Is there any one to utter now a kindly word of
you?" Elaborate an expressed in this line. (2)

A3 Narrate an experience in your life in about 50 words, where you did help to the person in his bad or
fading days and that person showed his happiness to you. (2)

A4 Find out and explain the figure of speech in the following line: "Did you waste the day or lose it, was it
well or sorely spent?" (2)

A5 Compose the missing lines of the poem on your own with proper rhyme and theme and rewrite the
stanza. (2)

________________________________________________________________________

Did you leave a trail of kindness or a scar of discontent?

_________________________________________________________________________

You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today?

*******************

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 2.5 FATHER RETURNING HOME
- Dilip Chitre

Introduction

Written by Dilip Chitre, this poem paints the picture of an alienated man returning home from work. The
speaker in the poem is this man’s child. The speaker observes his father and describes him as a lonely figure
who leads a monotonous life and is burdened by responsibilities.

Stanza 1

My father travels on the late evening train

Standing among silent commuters in the yellow light
Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes
His shirt and pants are soggy and his black raincoat
Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books
Is falling apart. His eyes dimmed by age
fade homeward through the humid monsoon night.
Now I can see him getting off the train
Like a word dropped from a long sentence.
He hurries across the length of the grey platform,
Crosses the railway line, enters the lane,
His chappals are sticky with mud, but he hurries onward.

The speaker begins by describing the daily routine of his father. On his way back home after an exhausting
day, the speaker’s father travels on the late evening train. He does not engage in any conversations with the
other commuters in the train. The silence and the unseeing eyes of the speaker’s father show that he is a
lonesome human who finds little joy in the company of others. The soggy shirt and pants imply that his job
requires a lot of hard work. The father’s muddied raincoat and the dilapidated bag also mean that his own
mental and physical state is in a terrible condition. Burdened by the load of work and tired of leading a life
of monotony, the speaker’s father is a classic example of the modern man caught in the clutches of a
meaningless existence and deprived of all spiritual joy.

Stanza 2
Home again, I see him drinking weak tea,
Eating a stale chapati, reading a book.
He goes into the toilet to contemplate
Man's estrangement from a man-made world.
Coming out he trembles at the sink,
The cold water running over his brown hands,
A few droplets cling to the greying hairs on his wrists.
His sullen children have often refused to share
Jokes and secrets with him. He will now go to sleep
Listening to the static on the radio, dreaming
Of his ancestors and grandchildren, thinking
Of nomads entering a subcontinent through a narrow pass.

Back to home, the father resumes his same routine of drinking weak tea, eating a stale chapati and reading a
book. The speaker observes his father contemplating about the paradox of man’s existence. “Man’s
estrangement from a man-made world” here refers to the paradox of man’s existence. Though humans have
themselves created their society and chosen to toil each day, most humans remain aloof and alienated from
this world that is their own creation. His body too seems to be giving up on him as he trembles while
walking and has greying hair on his wrists. He is deprived of familial joys because of an emotional rift
134
between him and his children. The speaker’s father is thus a tired man deprived of happiness and weighed
down by the unchanging nature of human life. No hopes or joys come his way and he is burdened by the
monotony of a dull life.

Conclusion

The subject of this poem is a father figure who can be equated to any man in today’s world. His life routine
can be paralleled to that of any modern day human living a meaningless life in midst of a spiritual crisis.
The poem is as much a depiction of the mid-life existential crisis of a hardworking father, as it is a comment
on the modern man’s dilemma over his meaningless life. The modern man leads a life with no spiritual or
emotional fulfilment, which drains out all his zest and zeal to enjoy life.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q.1.Discuss and write the character sketch of the father
Ans: The father is on the late train. This shows he is hard-working. He does not spend any money on
himself as his appearance is shown as shabby. He is uncaring about his appearance probably because he is
lonely and heart-broken.
He is silent on the train-trip home. He does not speak to co-passengers. Perhaps the sadness in his heart
prevents him from even small-talk. He has no travel-mates. He is silent through the trip, and gets off
without waving goodbye to any passenger.
His family is cold, distant and uncaring. He is not greeted on arrival. He is given cold food which is not
nourishing. He is left to eat the meal alone just reading his book. At the end of the work-day he reads a
book, eats by himself, listens to the radio and dreams of the future all alone. Thus the father is a lonely old
man, neglected by his own family in spite of working hard for them and heart-sick of his existence.

Q.2.Given below are the ideas conveyed through the poem. Match the pairs and draw out the hidden
meaning from those expressions:
Ans: 1. The father hurries home crossing railway line – Father is so eager to meet family members that he
doesn’t even bother about his safety.
2. Suburban area, visible through the train, is passed unnoticed – Because there is hardly anything
enchanting/interesting in the monotonous routine journey to look out of the window
3. He is just as a small word, dropping from a sentence. – He has so little value in the society where his
presence or absence might hardly make any difference
4. He doesn’t get a place in a crowded train. – Uncomfortable journey
5. Children avoid expressing themselves – Hostility of children
6. Father was deprived of refreshing hot beverages or nourishing diet – His basic daily requirements were
also not catered to.
7. The father was destined to listen only to the crackling sounds on media – The father could not even have
some entertainment by himself on the radio.
8. His sordid present is devoid of any hope – He could only indulge in imagination about his past and
future.
9. The father’s endless commuting distance him from his children – Father is not less than any tribal
wanderer, a modern nomad.

Q.3. Find the lines to prove the following facts from the extract:

i) Father is deprived of good food.

Ans: ‘Home again, I see him drinking weak tea eating a stale chapati’

ii) Children did not have a healthy relation with the father
Ans: His sullen children have often refused to share Jokes and secrets with him.

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iii) Father does not bother to buy anything new for himself and makes do with old, worn out possessions.
Answer:
‘His bag stuffed with books is falling apart’ (line 6)

4) The poet deals with the theme of man’s estrangement from a man-made world. Analyze it with the
help of the extract.
Ans: The father reaches home. He has a lonely poor meal, served without care. The stale cold food also
indicates the coldness in relationships in the family. The weak tea is a metaphor for the fragile family bond.
There is no bonding. Home is only a shelter for him and he is only a provider for them. The father is lonely
among his own family as well. So the father is alone in the crowd of strangers and also among his own
family.

5) The father contemplates his past and peeps into his future. Give reasons.
Ans: The father silently ponders on his past. There is no communication with his family members. He
would have sat with family members together to recall happy memories and enjoy them again. Reliving the
past would have been one way for the family to bond. But the father thinks of the past alone. Future plans
could be also discussed with family members. A lot of discussions could have happened about money,
savings, career, a wedding and so on.
Advice, suggestions are given, arguments and disagreements happen, and even anger sometimes. But the
father has nothing like this happening in his presence. There is only a sullen silence. He remembers his past
and thinks of possible grandchildren. No one shares his dreams. He spends the past, present and future alone
and in silence.

6) Complete the following using suitable describing words as they appear in the poem with the help of
the words given in the brackets:
(weak, dim, muddy, soggy, stale)
Ans:
(a) Father’s attire – soggy
(b) Father’s tea – weak
(c) Father’s footwear – muddy
(d) Father’s food – stale
(e) Father’s eyesight – dim

7)A) Compose a short poem in about 4-6 lines on your father.

Ans: My Father
He is unselfish, caring,
Honest and hard-working
Simple, strict and well-read
Upright, always respected
By family and every friend.
He tried to excel till the end.

B) Compose a few lines on ‘Distance’.

Ans: Distance
I travel for an hour to work, and an hour back.
This is the exact distance of the track
Between myself and the people whom
I go to in a place called home.

8) List the difficulties faced by the father in the extract.

Ans:
i) The father is returning late in the day.
ii) He has to stand the entire trip home.
iii) He is in wet clothes for a long time till he can reach home.
iv) His sight is weak with age.
v) His cheap footwear is muddy and maybe inconvenient in the monsoon.

136
9) Choose the correct option and give reasons for it:
Refusal of the children to share jokes and secrets indicates:
(a) They are angry
(b) Generation gap
(c) Lack of concern
Ans:,All three could be reasons.
The children are angry that the father is unable to earn more, provide better life for them.
The father is old and the youngsters cannot relate to him. They are selfish and don’t care for the man who is
doing his best.
The children have no care, love or respect for the father. It might not be a close-knit family. So there is no
concern for the hard-working breadwinner.

10) The poet deals with the theme of man’s estrangement from a man-made world. Analyze it with
the help of the extract.
Ans: There are two scenarios in the poem. The first part is about the father’s time spent time outside, and
the second part describes his time in his home. The first line says he is travelling on the evening train. The
Mumbai local trains are famously crowded. But among the crowds he does not speak to a fellow passenger.
He stands silently through the commute till he gets down. He doesn’t take leave of any friend and no one
waves to him. Among the crowds he is alone.

Personal Response:

1. Write a note on ‘the hard work faced by parents for the family’.
Ans: Our parents love us from the moment we are born. They watch us grow up and give us everything they
can. They try to fulfil our wishes to the maximum extent possible. They work hard. The father works
outside the home and the mother in the home. They spend their time, energy and resources on the children.
The children should realize that their parents do so much for them. We must not take their sacrifice for
granted. We can never repay them. We must at least try and give them comfort and joy. It is our first duty to
obey and love our parents and look after them when they grow old and unable to take care of themselves.

2. Describe the nature of the family members, from the father’s behaviour in the extract.
Ans: The family members seems selfish and uncaring. The father drinks weak tea and eats stale food on his
return. It is possible to serve fresh food, to the bread-winner returning home even if it is the most simple or
poorest of food. If he has a wife then she does not seem to care much about his wellbeing.
The poet clearly states that the children have refused to share any lighter moments or conversation with
their father. Probably the mother’s behaviour has made the children also treat him this way. If it is poverty
they are facing then the family seems selfish in demanding he work for them but not even offering their
company or kindness in return.

EXTRACT: 1
Read the extract carefully and do the activities given below: (10 Marks)

My father travels on the late evening train

Standing among silent commuters in the yellow light
Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes
His shirt and pants are soggy and his black raincoat
Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books
Is falling apart. His eyes dimmed by age
Fade homeward through the humid monsoon night.
Now I can see him getting off the train
Like a word dropped from a long sentence.
He hurries across the length of the grey platform,
Crosses the railway line, enters the lane,
His chappals are sticky with mud, but he hurries onward
137
Home again, I see him drinking weak tea,
Eating a stale chapati, reading a book.
He goes into the toilet to contemplate
Man's estrangement from a man-made world.
Coming out he trembles at the sink,
The cold water running over his brown hands,
A few droplets cling to the greying hair on his wrists.
His sullen children have often refused to share
Jokes and secrets with him.
He will now go to sleep
Listening to the static on the radio, dreaming
Of his ancestors and grandchildren, thinking
Of nomads entering a subcontinent through a narrow pass.

SET: I

A1. List 4 difficulties faced by the father in the extract. (2)

A2. Given below are the ideas conveyed through the poem. Match the pairs and draw out the hidden
meaning from those expressions: (2)

EXPRESSIONS MEANING
1 The father hurries home crossing railway line a Uncomfortable Journey

2 Suburban area, visible through the train, is b Has least value in the society where his
passed unnoticed. presence or absence might hardly make any
difference
3 He is just as a small word, dropping from a c Because there is hardly anything enchanting/
sentence. interesting in the monotonous routine journey
to look out of the window.
4 He doesn't get a place in a crowded train. d Father is so eager to meet family members that
he doesn't even bother about his safety.

A3. Write a note on the hard work done by parents for the family'. (2)
A4. Pick out and explain the line from the extract which expresses the figure of speech : Simile (2)
A5. Compose a short poem of about 4-6 lines on your father. (2)

SET: II
A1. Choose the correct option/s and give reasons for it: (2)
Refusal of the children to share jokes and secrets indicates
(a) They are angry
(b) Generation gap
(c) Lack of concern
A2. The poet deals with the theme of man's estrangement man-made world. Analyze it with the help of the
extract. (2)
A3. Describe your impression of the family members, from father's behaviour in the extract. (2)
A4. Pick out an example of Alliteration from the extract and explain it. (2)
A5. Write four lines on ‘Distance’. (2)

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 SET: III

A.1. Find out the things from the extract which intensifies father’s agony and make his journey
monotonous. (2)
A2. Poet Dilip Chitre deals with the theme of man’s estrangement from a man-made world. Explain how the
theme is used in this poem. (2)
A3. Many of you must be travelling everyday by bus or train every day to your college or other place.
Describe your experience in fifty words. (2)
A4. Identify and explain the figure of speech in the following line: "Fade homeward through the humid
monsoon night." (2)
A5 Compose the missing lines of the stanza and rewrite it. (2)

Now I can see him getting off the train

Like a word dropped from a long sentence.

_________________________________________

Crosses the railway line, enters the lane.

___________________________________________

**********************************

139
 2.6 MONEY
- W.H. Davies

Introduction
Written by William H. Davies, this poem contains five stanzas of four lines each. The poet notes that money
is not always a source of joy or happiness. He also compares the rich and the poor to say that the poor live
happier and laugh more freely than the rich.

Stanza 1
When I had money, money, O!
I knew no joy till I went poor;
For many a false man as a friend
Came knocking all day at my door.

The speaker believes that though a rich man has many friends, most of them are not his well-wishers. It is
one’s money that decides the size of a man’s social circle. By saying that “I knew no joy till I went poor”,
the speaker means that money tempts false friends and thus deprives the rich man of real happiness.

Stanza 2
Then felt I like a child that holds
A trumpet that he must not blow
Because a man is dead; I dared
Not speak to let this false world know.

As a rich man, the speaker felt constricted because he was expected to live a certain way. This way, his
money became a source of burden and not a cause of delight. It became a factor that held him back from
living life freely. This is why he compares wealth or material possessions to a trumpet that he must not
blow.

Stanza 3
Much have I thought of life, and seen
How poor men's hearts are ever light;
And how their wives do hum like bees
About their work from morn till night.

By saying that “poor men’s hearts are ever light”, the speaker means that an abundance of wealth does not
guarantee happiness. He believes that the poor men are happier because they lead a life of contentment.
While the poor men’s wives do hum like bees, the rich men’s wives remain worried about safeguarding
their acquired wealth.

Stanza 4
So, when I hear these poor ones laugh,
And see the rich ones coldly frown
Poor men, think I, need not go up
So much as rich men should come down.

This stanza most clearly voices the central idea of the poem. While the poor ones laugh, the rich ones coldly
frown. This means that climbing the ladder of material success does not certainly bring fulfilment. Despite
their poverty, the poor are happy and free. So it is not they who need to go up, but the rich men should come
down. Once the rich man comes down, that is, removes himself from the unending race for money, he too
will gain the contentment that the poor man enjoys.

140
Stanza 5
When I had money, money, O!
My many friends proved all untrue;
But now I have no money, O!
My friends are real, though very few.

The speaker is delighted as he says, “But now I have no money”. He believes that true friendship is one that
stands against the tides of material wealth. Most of the friends that he had, abandoned him after he lost
wealth, and this left the speaker with very few friends. But he rejoices in the fact that though very few, he
now has real friends.

Conclusion

This poem concludes that money does not determine one’s happiness. The speaker himself is delighted to be
poor but happy. Though money gives the illusion of bringing happiness and a bigger friend circle, it actually
only brings untrue friends and worries.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS:

(1) State whether the following statements are True or False.
(a) The poet knew no joy till he was rich.
Ans: False. The poet had no joy as long as he was rich. He was happy when he was poor.
(b) The poet felt that he should talk about his poverty.
Ans: False. He could not talk about his money.
(c) When the poet had money, he had many true friends.
Ans: False. When the poet had money, all his friends were false ones.
(d) When poet became poor he had very few real friends.
Ans: True.
(2) Write reasons for the following statements.
(a) Friends came knocking all day at the poet’s door.
Ans: When the poet was rich he had many callers. They claimed they were friends. They were being
friendly because he had money. They were not true friends. Such people are called ‘fair-weather friends’.
b) Poor men’s wives hum like bees.
Ans: Poor men have no worries. They do not have to safeguard their wealth from liars and cheats. They
don’t have false friends who actually love his money and not him. When a man is satisfied with what he has
he is happy. He is not chasing wealth and or pretending. The wives are busy and do not have the time to
wish for fancy things or gossip. So a happy man has a happy busy wife.
c) Poor ones laugh because
Ans : Poor ones laugh because – poor people live a simple life. If the basic needs are fulfilled the poor man
is happy. He has nothing to worry about or fear. When a man has wealth he has to safeguard it. The poor
man is worry-free like health or education. When all needs are taken care of, then excess money is not
necessary. Money is needed in life but it is not the only important thing in life. The poet repeats that money
brought many false men to be near him. But in poverty, only a few true friends were with him.

3) Money makes the world go round. Explain it in the light of the poet’s experience.
Ans: Money makes the world go round is a popular saying. It means money is the most important thing in
the world. But in ‘Money’, the poet does not accept this view. He had money but he could not say that he
possessed it. There were many insincere men who said they were friends.
Contentment is the main thing for being happy, not worldly possessions. Lack of money is a problem. We
need it for things like health or education. When all needs are taken care of, then excess money is not
necessary. Money is needed in life but it is not the only important thing in life.
The poet repeats that money brought many false men to be near him. But in poverty only a few true friends
were with him.

141
4) Poor men need not go up so much as rich men should come down. Express your views regarding
this statement.
Ans: Poor men need not go up as rich men should come down. This statement is perfectly true. The poor
will survive. Living a simple, real life, and working hard. They are happy with necessities which may not be
expensive. They are content and that brings happiness. They do not have to worry about safeguarding the
excess.
But the rich may not know how to live simply, just with basic necessities. They may have servants to do
basic chores. They travel in style and sometimes for no reason. They spend unnecessarily. So the poor need
not go up as much as the rich need to come down is true.

5) Compose a short poem on ‘Friendship’.

Ans: ‘Friendship’
We knew playtime in the park
Study time in school.
We helped one another
Struggling for each difficult mark.
We grew up, and though we fought
We will meet years later
We fondly thought.

PERSONAL RESPONSE

1. Discuss ‘Importance of money.’

Ans:
(a) Money is used as capital in business.
(b) It is used by traders to Jill up stocks
(c) It is used by the common man for buying essentials/necessities.
(d) Everyone uses money for paying transport fare/ food-bill/wages and so on.

2. Make a list of the good qualities of your friend.

Ans: (a) Calm and good tempered at all times
(b) Helpful and concerned about anyone in trouble
(c) Quick to intervene/calm down any situation that could become unpleasant
(d) Very simple and down to earth in spite of coming from an extremely wealthy background

3. Share your views on ‘Money is the root of all evils’.

Ans: Money is a resource.
Resources should be available/ used in times of need
Money is accumulated by few people/others in need are deprived/some people are not paid fully/workers
are paid less for their time and energy
Employer gets profit/ imbalance of resources
Imbalance in wealth causes discontent among disadvantaged sections of society.
Crime increases
Haves are targeted by have-nots
Normal life becomes unstable
Accumulation of money causes this upset in society
So important resource becomes reason for evil
4.Do you lend money to your friend? Give reasons:
Ans: Yes (Reason)
1. He/She comes from an economically disadvantaged background
2. He/She is a very bright student, hopes to study well and find employment
3. He/She will fall sick if she does not have good nourishment
4. His/Her mother is the only bread winner. His/Her father very sick
NO
1. I know that he/she gets enough money to spend
2. He/She wastes time at movies and malls
3. He/She has no intention of returning borrowed money
4. He/She comes to college only to meet friends and socialize
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5) ‘Money does not mean everything in life’. Justify the statement by giving examples. Take help of
the following points:
(a) Money cannot give you eternal happiness.
(b) Art, music and literature can give you unending happiness.
(c) Money is short-lived.
(d) Money cannot purchase happiness and contentment.
Ans: Happiness is in the mind. If a person is satisfied with what is on hand then he is happy. Rich clothes,
gold, expensive food, servants may all be available. But the owner of these may still be sad and lonely.
Some are happy to make music another may create art or write. They may not have material possessions.
But in their hearts they are happy to do what they love.
Money is only a medium to purchase our needs. One cannot give money and buy a bag of joy. Joy is in the
heart. Money can be stolen. But joy cannot be stolen. One can earn money but not happiness. No amount of
money will satisfy greed or buy happiness.

EXTRACT: 1
(A) Read the given extract and complete activities given below: (10 marks)

When I had money, money, O!

I knew no joy till I went poor;
For many a false man as a friend
Came knocking all day at my door.
They felt I like a child that holds
A trumpet that he must not blow
Because a man is dead; I dared
Not speak to let this false world know.
Much have I thought of life, and seen
How poor men's hearts are ever light;
And how their wives do hum like bees
About their work from morn till night.
So, when I hear these poor ones laugh,
And see the rich ones coldly frown
Poor men, think ,I need not go up
So much as rich men should come down.
When I had money, money, O!
My many friends proved all untrue;
But now I have no money, O!
My friends are real, though very few.

A1. State whether the following sentences are true or false and rewrite. (2)
i) The poet knew no joy till he was rich.
ii) The poet felt that he should talk about his poverty.
iii) When the poet had money, he had many false friends.
iv) When the poet became poor he had a few real friends.

A2. Write reasons for the following statements: (2)

i) Friends come knocking all day at the poet's door
ii) Poor man's wife hum like bees.

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A3.'Money does not mean everything in life'. Justify the statement by giving examples. Take help of
the following points: (2)

• Money cannot give you eternal happiness.

• Art, music and literature can give you unending happiness.
• Money is short-lived.
• Money cannot purchase happiness and contentment.

A4. Pick out and explain an example of Onomatopoeia from the extract. (2)

A5. Compose a short poem on 'Friendship'. (2)

*******************

144
 2.7: SHE WALKS IN BEAUTY
- George Gordon Byron

Introduction
Written by the famous Romantic poet Lord Byron, this poem has three stanzas of six lines each. The
speaker in the poem describes an exceptionally beautiful woman. He uses many metaphors to liken her to
all that is beautiful and pleasing to look at.

Stanza 1
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that’s best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes;
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
The speaker begins by describing the beauty of an unnamed woman. He refers to her only by the pronoun
‘she’ as he says, “She walks in beauty”. This stanza makes use of the simile device to liken the beautiful
lady to the night of cloudless climes and starry skies. Thus, the woman who is the subject of this poem is as
beautiful as a clear night sky.
All the dark and bright hues of the night blend beautifully in her complexion. Thus, Nature seems to have
blessed the woman with a perfect balance. She is neither too dark like the night, nor too light like the day.
Instead, she radiates tender light, which is neither too harsh and nor too dull.

Stanza 2
One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impaired the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o’er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express,
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.
The poet says that one shade the more, one ray the less would have made her appearance less captivating.
He means that all the elements of beauty are bestowed upon this woman in just the right proportion. Even a
slight difference would have impaired the nameless grace.
The speaker finds the sight of the raven tress, that is, a dark lock of hair lying on the woman’s face
strikingly beautiful. He then shifts his attention to describe her inner beauty and serene thoughts that make
her outward appearance all the more worthy of admiration.
Stanza 3
And on that cheek, and o’er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
The poet is awestruck by the peace and innocence that mark the beauty of the woman. The inner goodness
of her heart and a clarity of mind are reflected on that cheek, and o’er that brow. So, the woman is not only
outwardly pretty but also possesses inner beauty. This perfect blend of light and dark, and of outward
appearance and inward serenity make her worthy of the praise that the poet showers upon her.
Conclusion
Byron’s poem can be read as a love poem. It can also be understood as a simple poem written in the praise
of a beautiful woman. The various similes and metaphors that compare her features to various elements of
Nature show that Byron was a true romantic poet obsessed with the ideas of beauty and nature.

145
QUESSTIONS & ANSWERS
1. Discuss your impressions about someone’s personality, and say what you like the most and why-
Ans: The personality that captures the attention of all who meet her is Ms Murti.
Simplicity and warmth: She is a brilliant engineer, extremely wealthy yet is simple, and so cheerful and
warm in her interaction with anyone she meets.
Humbleness: In spite her achievements, wealth and position she never mentions them, rather praises the
efforts and achievements of others
Elegance: She is graceful and elegant and yet is never dressed expensively.
Motivational: She addresses young people and students in a way that is always encouraging and uplifting.
Generous: She is generous in giving those who are disadvantaged. She donates for the emancipation of
women for making them economically independent.

2. ‘Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder’ – you have probably heard this saying. Discuss Outward
appearance gives only an idea.
i) There may sometimes be an exception to the rule ‘first impression is the best
ii) The external look may be completely different if one looks deeper
iii) Henry Ford [founder of Ford Automobiles] dressed in the same old suit and said, ‘people who know me
know who I am. People who don’t know me don’t matter, A very wealthy person may choose to appear
very ordinary.

3) The lady in the poem has a winning smile and a glowing skin. According to the poet she is blessed
with these things. Explain why.
Ans: The lady in the poem has a winning smile and a glowing skin. According to the poet she is blessed
with these things because in the last stanza the poet says that lovely cheek, the calm brow, the delicate
colouring, the glowing skin all are a result of her life spent without sin. She has a peaceful mind and an
innocent heart. These come together to make her face glow with an inner beauty.

4) The poet brings a perfect balance of outer beauty and inner beauty. Write a few lines from the
poem on how the poet brings this balance in his description.
Ans: One of the themes in the poem is harmony or balance. The poet does not directly call her beautiful, but
she ‘walks in beauty’. The overall beauty is compared to a combination of cloudless (clear) climate and
starry skies. He says the best of dark and light meet in her eyes and features, to be seen in the soft, dim light.
The effect would not be so wonderful if it was even one shade darker or brighter. That balance of the light is
important.
The poet says that her calm brow, sweet smile, the lovely colour of her skin, is the result of a peaceful mind,
a loving heart and a pure life. Inner beauty is reflected in this ‘nameless grace’ – indescribable beauty.

5) ‘Beauty is skin deep.’ Do you agree with the statement? Or do you feel that beauty comes from
within? Explain your views in a few sentences.
Answer:
I agree with the statement. Beauty is not about perfect features, clear skin, shining hair or smart clothes.
Beauty is about the person’s heart. The helpful nature, a mind without guilt, a cheerful attitude, kind way of
speaking will all be reflected in the person’s outward appearance.
The eyes are windows to a person’s soul, they say. If a person has wicked thoughts and bad intentions it
shows in the eyes. The expression on the face will reflect the nasty mind. Harsh words will show their
unkind nature. So beautiful features and perfect skin are not real indicators of beauty.

6) Find out from the poem the words which are used to describe the lady.
Ans:
Raven tresses, Serene and sweet expression ,Pure thoughts , Dearheart , Calm brow , Smiling face,
Gowing skin , Innocent heart , Peaceful mind

7) Find out the instances of contractions from the poem.

Ans: The contractions in the poem are – ‘that’s’ – that is ‘o’er’ – over

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8) The poet creates imagery of light and darkness to bring out the beauty of the lady. Find out the
lines with such imageries and complete the table:
Ans:

Lines with imagery Reason for using

i And all that’s best of dark and To express the beauty of the eyes
bright
ii Thus mellowed to that tender light To convey the dim soft light of evening not the harsh
– heaven to gaudy day denies brightness of the day
iii One shade the more, one ray the To stress the perfect balance between darkness of night and
less the glare of day

9) Compose a poem of at least 4-6 lines on ‘Beauty of Nature’.

Ans: Beauty of Nature

I look up at the majestic peaks

I peer into the sapphire deeps
I gaze at the endless shades of green
My eyes drink the silver threads between.
In this life God I’m quite sure we can see Why?
He’s everywhere in Nature’s beauty!

Complete the following:

i) The colour of the lady’s hair is
Ans: The colour of the lady’s hair is shiny black (like a raven’s).

ii) The phrase ‘dwelling – place’ refers to

The phrase ‘dwelling – place’ refers to her mind. The poet says that her face sweetly expresses her thoughts
and says that the dwelling place of those thoughts (expressed by the face) is very dear. The dwelling place
of thoughts is the mind.
EXTRACT: 1

Read the extract carefully and do the activities that follow: (10 marks)

She walks in beauty, like the night

Of cloudless climes and starry skies:
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes;
Thus mellowed to that tender light

Which heaven to gaudy day denies.

One shade the more, one ray the less.
Had half impaired the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o'er her face:
Where thoughts serenely sweet express,
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

And on that cheek, and o'er that brow.

So soft, so clam, yet eloquent.
The smiles that win, the tints that glow.
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 But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!

A1. Complete the web by writing down the words describing the lady in the extract. (2)

_____

Words
_____ describing
the lady in _____
the extract

_____

A2. The lady in the poem has a winning smile and a glowing skin. According to the poet she is blessed with
these things. (2)
A3. "Beauty lies in the eyes of beholder" We all know this saying. Explain your views about it. (2)
A4. Write down the rhyme scheme and rhyming pairs of the second stanza of the given. (2)
A5. Compose four lines on 'Beauty of Nature'. (2)
************

148
 2.8: SMALL TOWNS AND RIVERS

- Mamang Dai

Introduction
Written by Mamang Dai, this poem consists of stanzas of unequal length. The speaker describes a small
town by relating it to images of death, grief and mourning. The various elements of Nature become
manifestations of the souls of dead people.

Stanza 1
Small towns always remind me of death.
My hometown lies calmly amidst the trees,
it is always the same,
in summer or winter,
with the dust flying,
or the wind howling down the gorge.
The speaker begins by describing her hometown that lies calmly amidst the trees. This calm town situated
amidst trees is symbolic of the ominous silence of death. The image of this small town brings back
memories of the dead ones. To the speaker, the town seems unchanged as she says, “it is always the same,
in summer or winter”. This monotony or never-changing nature of her town is also characteristic of death
which is an unavoidable truth. The wind is personified as howling down the gorge, and becomes a symbol
for the valley of death.

Stanza 2
Just the other day someone died.
In the dreadful silence we wept
looking at the sad wreath of tuberoses.
Life and death, life and death,
only the rituals are permanent.
In this stanza, the speaker then recalls the day when someone died in her hometown. She recalls how the
town mourned the death in dreadful silence. She reflects on the transient nature of life. Only the mourning
or weeping on death is constant, as the speaker says, “only the rituals are permanent”.

Stanza 3
The river has a soul.
In the summer it cuts through the land
like a torrent of grief. Sometimes,
sometimes, I think it holds its breath
seeking a land of fish and stars
After personifying the wind in the first stanza, the poet now personifies the river. She says that like a
human, the river has a soul. However, while the soul of a human is transient, the river has an eternal soul.
The river cuts through the land like a torrent of grief means that the river makes its way through the land
just like grief pierces into the human heart. This again reiterates the ideas of grief and death.

Stanza 4
The river has a soul.
It knows, stretching past the town,
from the first drop of rain to dry earth
and mist on the mountaintops,
the river knows
the immortality of water.
The river’s soul is eternal and immortal because it contains water. This is why the poet says that the river
knows the immortality of water. It means that the constant flow of water makes the river live forever. Also,
149
by saying that “it knows”, the speaker means that the river flows through many areas and experiences
different terrains of the plains and the mountains. It also witnesses everything from the first drop of rain to
dry earth and mist on the mountaintops. It is as if the river gains wisdom and knowledge by flowing over
such a long path. This makes the speaker reiterate that the river knows.

Stanza 5
A shrine of happy pictures
marks the days of childhood.
Small towns grow with anxiety
for the future.
The dead are placed pointing west.
When the soul rises
it will walk into the golden east,
into the house of the sun.
The speaker then assumes a nostalgic tone remembering the happy pictures that mark the days of childhood.
As the carefree phase of childhood passes, people become anxious about their futures. The worries of the
future overwhelm their present lives. According to the town’s ritual, the dead ones are placed in the
direction pointing west. It is believed that the soul of the dead people rises from their bodies to ascend
towards the Sun in the east. The Sun serves as a symbol of hope and afterlife.

Stanza 6
In the cool bamboo,
restored in sunlight,
life matters, like this.
In small towns by the river
we all want to walk with the gods.
The poet ends by saying that though the dead ones leave, the life of the people in town is restored to
normalcy after the mourning rituals end. After the gloomy picture of death presented in the previous
stanzas, the final lines present hope in the thought of an afterlife as the poet concludes, “we all want to walk
with the gods”.
Conclusion
Thus, the poem presents a contrast between the mortal humans and the immortal Nature. The human beings
die but the river and the Sun continue to live. The permanent nature of the river’s flow is in contrast with
the transient nature of human life. Death cannot be avoided and is destined to come to all humans. But there
is still some hope for the human soul that can walk with the gods after the death.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1) The poet has described her small town in Arunachal Pradesh. Pick out from the extract, the lines
that describe the poet’s town.
Ans:
1. ‘My hometown lies calmly amidst the trees’,
2. ‘it is always the same In summer and winter With the dust flying Or the wind howling down the gorge’
The town has ‘A shrine of happy pictures’ to mark the days of childhood.
3. Small towns grow with anxiety for the future.
Like her town, ‘small towns’ are ‘by the river’.

2) Make a list of natural elements mentioned in the extract.

Ans: trees, winter, summer, wind, tuberoses, life, land, river, fish, stars

3) ‘The river has a soul.’ Elaborate the concept in your words as the poet has explained in the extract.
Ans: When the poet says ‘The river has a soul’ she personifies the river. The river flows with great force –
‘like a torrent of grief. The river flowing with great force can be like a person pouring out grief in a storm of
emotion. The river also seems to be holding its breath, maybe because it is choking with filth. There are no

150
fishes. It is not clear and sparkling. So the poet says -‘I think it holds its breath seeking a land of fish and
stars’.

4) The poet is convinced with the thought of immortality of water. Pick out the relevant lines from the
extract.
Ans:
1. The river has a soul.
2. from the first drop of rain to dry earth
3. mist on the mountaintops
4. the immortality of water.

5) The poet has used some unconventional expressions. Illustrate them in your words.
(a) ‘Torrent of grief.
Ans:
The poet describes the river flowing in summer with great speed. Just like someone becomes emotional in
great sadness, the force of the water seems to be like the outpouring of sorrow of the river.

(b) ‘Shrine of happy pictures’

Ans: There is a shrine probably in the town which has pictures inside. The pictures may be those of the
happy moments experienced by the people in the town. Those memories are so sacred that it is a shrine to
them. They protect and guard it because they have only sad and grim things happening at present.

6) The poet has connected the need to preserve Nature with the belief of particular community and
her childhood memories. Write down the measures you would take to convince the people regarding
the need to conserve the Nature.
Ans: We have to make people at large realize that we are a part of the nature not apart from the nature.
Saving nature is to save ourselves, To bring about this realization I can address my steps to two sections.
The first would be the children. Saving water would be the first thing to teach children. Story-telling,
poems, songs, games, cartoons and can easily bring the conservation ideas to young minds.
I would take my ideas to schools, parks, malls and try to spread this to the young ones.
The other section is of course the adult public across economic and social levels. The well- off people must
not be careless if they can afford to pay bills they can waste resources.
I will do everything possible. I will use social media to spread various messages/ mottos.

7) Write down the expressions related to ‘the seasons’ from the extract.
Ans: 1. Summer or winter
2. ‘in the summer’

8) Match column ‘A’ with column ‘B’.

A B
i cool a bamboo
ii happy b pictures
iii dreadful c silence
iv dry d earth

9) List and explain the metaphorical expressions from the extract.

Ans:
1. ‘torrent of grief’. The river sweeps along with great speed as if it is pouring out sorrow.
2. ‘Wind howling down the gorge’. The wind blowing through the narrow gorges creates a sound exactly
like howling.
3. ‘The river has a soul’. The river is spoken of as a living being, a human.
4. ‘It holds its breath’. The river may be choking with debris and filth.

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10) ‘The river has a soul.’
‘Life and death.’
These are the two expressions that are repeated in the poem; but both of them indicate different
figures of speech. Find out and discuss.
Ans:
(a) ‘Life and death’
In the first usage it is used as antithesis, to emphasize the beginning and end.
In the second instance it is irony to indicate that neither life nor death is permanent. Ironically the rituals are
permanent.

(b) ‘The river has a soul’

In the first instance it is used to personify the river. Several human-like qualities are attributed to the river,
= it cuts through the land
= it is cascading in grief
= it holds its breath
= it seeks a land

11) Find out the beauty of the free verse reflected in this poem.
Ans: “Small Towns and Rivers’ is written in free- verse. Since there are irregular lengths of lines and no
rhyme, the reading of the poem is almost like a story-telling. Each stanza has a different number of lines and
there is no order for mixing up the short and long lines.
The poem is not confined by an obvious rhythm so we feel there is a kind of freedom.We are free to
imagine the widespread setting of the North-eastern terrain of mountains and rivers, mists, golden sunlight
and the town by the river.

12) What is meant by immortality?

Ans: Immortality means the ability to live forever, without death.

13) Give reasons-The dead are placed pointing to the west.

Ans: The people of Arunachal Pradesh believe that it will be possible for the soul of the departed person
enter ‘the house of the sun’. They hope the soul will be able to ‘walk into the golden east’. So they place the
dead (with feet) pointing to the west.

14) The land of fish and stars. Explain.

Ans: The poet says she thinks the river is holding its breath. One has to hold one’s breath when he/she is
unable to breathe or does not want to breathe. The river may be choking with garbage and is not able to
breathe. The river may be stinking and may not be able to breathe.
As the river is so filthy there are no fish. It is dirty; the water is not sparkling in the day and cannot reflect
the stars at night. So the river is in search of a land where there it can flow clean, it will have fish and where
its clear water will sparkle in the sun and glitter with stars at night.

PERSONAL RESPONSE
1. Rivers are our lifeline. They are an extremely important part of the eco-system and even
considered sacred. Many major rivers and smaller ones have been misused and almost destroyed.
Write down how we can restore our rivers to their original state.
Ans: The condition of rivers worldwide is horrific. Everything from industrial chemical-waste to garbage is
being thrown into rivers. Melted snow or the rainwater from springs come down from hills and mountains
as sweet water for our survival. Polluting this is a crime against humanity.
Strict laws should be made and enforced to stop industrial activity near rivers. Wastes from industry, city,
town or village must not reach the river. Only channels of rainwater must be allowed to reach the river.
Awareness should be created for maintaining cleanliness along the banks.
In the olden days lakes, water bodies were considered precious and were guarded, Houses had wells. But
people have lost the respect for water sources. Rivers are treated as sewage channels. Fines and
punishments must be imposed and security put in for safeguarding our beautiful rivers.

152
Poetic Creativity:
1. Compose 4 to 6 lines on ‘River’.
Ans:
The River is our Mother
Like a mother the river soothes us.
When dying of thirst she revives us.
When tired and dirty she cleans us.
When growing our grain she waters the green.
Why! Oh why can’t we keep her clean!

2) Compose 4 to 6 lines on ‘Gift of the Seasons’.

Ans:
Gift of the Seasons
Each season brings a sweetly wrapt gift;
We can gift her back : no water pollution in
the season of the Sun.
No air pollution when
The rains come down.
And no degradation the rest of the year!

EXTRACT: 1

Read the extract carefully and do the activites that follow: (10 Marks)

Small towns always remind me of death.

My hometown lies calmly amidst the trees,
it is always the same,
in summer or winter,
with the dust flying,
or the wind howling down the gorge.

Just the other day someone died.

In the dreadful silence we wept
looking at the sad wreath of tuberoses.
Life and death, life and death,
only the rituals are permanent.

The river has a soul.

In the summer it cuts through the land
like a torrent of grief. Sometimes,
sometimes, I think it holds its breath
seeking a land of fish and stars

The river has a soul.

It knows, stretching past the town,
from the first drop of rain to dry earth
and mist on the mountaintops,
the river knows
the immortality of water.

A shrine of happy pictures

marks the days of childhood.
Small towns grow with anxiety
for the future
The dead are placed pointing west.
When the soul rises
153
 it will walk into the golden east,
into the house of the sun.

In the cool bamboo,

restored in sunlight,
life matters, like this.

In small towns by the river

we all want to walk with the gods.

SET: I
A1. Write down the list of natural elements mentioned in the extract. (2)

A2. Describe the hometown in the first stanza of the given extract. (2)

A3. Suggest at least two measures you would take to convince the people regarding the need
to conserve the nature. (2)

A4. Find out and explain the figure of speech in the following line: (2)
“ Or the wind howling down the gorge".

A5.Compose a stanza of four lines on a stream or a river. (2)

******************

154
 CRITICAL APPRECIATION
2.1: SONG OF THE OPEN ROAD

This poem is written by the famous American poet Walt Whitman. He is called as “The father of free verse.
This poem is taken from one of his famous book named ‘Leaves of Grass’. The title of the poem indicates
that the poet sets up out of his world to venture.

Song of the open road is the appropriate title for the poem because the poet has described his journey in the
way freedom. In this poem the poet is describing open road as his metaphoric journey of freedom,
independence and sweet memories.

The theme of the poem deals with optimism, freedom joy and responsibility. The word “free” here means
being able to do anything he/she wants to do. In the poem the poet encourages the reader to be true with
yourself. Don't expect anything from anyone. You are the one who can make your future. You can choose
your destiny on your own. The poet wants to go out from restrictions and comforts.

This poem is of four stanzas. The poet has used free verse. Also the poet has not used any kind of rhyming
scheme, length of lines and stanza pattern are not equal. The poet himself is a narrator/speaker of this poem.

The poem is a dramatic monologue. There are many poetic devices but no metre or rhyme. The different
poetic devices used in the poem are - Metaphor, alliteration, repetition, paradox etc. The poet also has used
different symbols in his poem like freedom, opportunity, joy of life and optimism.

The poet has put last stanza in bracket. It shows there is meaningful relationship between him and delicious
burdens. It also explains the meaning of life in simple way.

The moral of the poem is that along with the journey of life, one may face test of wisdom. The word, “road”
symbolises mobility of progress. We must take road as a starting point of our life. We should move ahead
without getting struck at a place.

This is an inspirational poem. It inspires us to explore the world by using our abilities. We should take our
life positively without any complaints or regrets.The poet encourages us to enjoy life's each and every
moment and free world. The poet also encourages us to be free from all expectations and free for life.

155
 2.2 : INDIAN WEAVERS

The poem Indian weaver is a short poem written by an Indian poetess Sarojini Naidu. It is included in the
‘Golden Threshold’. She was also famous as the Nightingale of India. The whole poem is highly symbolic.
The poem has a conversational tone.

The poem is written in the question answer form. The poet is asking the question to the weavers and the
weavers reply to the poet's questions that why they are weaving particular piece of clothes at particular time
of day. The title and the poem is dedicated to the Indian weavers out there.

The cycle of life is the main theme of this poem. It also highlights the craft and skill of Indian weavers. The
poem explains the three important events of life: birth, marriage and death. The poet talks about three types
of garment that the weavers weave at three particular times of day. The title of the poem is very symbolic
and the colours of the cloth used in the poem are very significant as they indicate the mood related to the
events.

This poem consists of three stanzas and each stanza has four lines. The poet has used different poetic
devices like Simile, Imagery. Alliteration and Metaphor in this poem. The rhyme scheme of the poem is
'aabb'. According to the poet, the journey of life- birth- begins with blue colour. The poet refers the second-
adult stage of life with purple colour. At this stage, human beings are quite active, they get married, &
shoulder responsibilities. The third and final stage of human life is death which is emotionless & colourless
white.

The poetess has written the poem in very simple and effective language Which is easy to understand and
thus it creates an impact. The poem is dedicated to the talented weavers and their fabric. The poem has rich
imagery like break of the day, fall of night, solemn and still... moonlight chill. Poetess sums up the life of
human being in three main stages by using symbols like cloth and times of the day.

I think that the poem seems to depict skill, talent and hardworking nature of Indian weavers. Poem also
praises the weaver's knowledge of colour according to the event. The poem is a short poem packed with
imagery. I like this poem for its simple thought & artistic colourful presentation.

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 2.3 : THE INCHCAPE ROCK

The poem' the Inchcape Rock' is a ballad written by a British poet Robert Southey. The poem is about a
treacherous rock near the coast of Scotland. The title of the poem is very suitable because the rock is a focal
point of the whole poem.

The central theme of the poem runs around the proverb ' As you sow, so shall you reap'. The theme is about
an Abbot and a pirate. The Abbot is concerned about human beings and helps to save the sailors. He put the
Inchcape Bell on a buoy to warn ships day and night of the terrible Inchcape Rock, during storms. The rock
was very perilous. But the Rover, in a fit of jealousy and anger, on a spring day, cut the bell just to trouble
the Abbot of Aberbrothok. At the end of the poem he himself falls in the pit dug by himself. When he sails
towards the Scotland the weather changes and due to the stormy sea he can't see the secure place or coast to
land. And at last he hears the sound of the ringing the knell.

The poem is a ballad type. The story of good and evil is told in the poetic style. There are four lines in each
stanza. It has aabb rhyme scheme. There are total sixteen stanzas. There are some archaic words used in the
poem, such as ‘quoth’, ‘canst’, ‘blest’ ‘methinks’ etc. The language of the poem is easy to understand for
the readers. The poem begins with metaphor of pleasant mood with calm Sea. The poem consists of
different figures of speech such as repetition, alliteration, onomatopoeia, apostrophe, inversion etc.

The special feature of the poem is its didactic nature. It teaches us a moral lesson ‘As you sow, so shall you
reap’. The poem gives us a message that those who do wrong things will meet with due punishment. The
values will remain forever. The story has a moral and useful in modern times.

In my opinion the poem is the best moral for all the human beings. It is applicable for the current society to
stop crimes and evil deeds.

157
 2.4 : HAVE YOU EARNED YOUR TOMORROW

The poem is ‘Have you earned your tomorrow’ written by the famous poet Edgar Guest. He was known as
people's poet and writer. The title of the poem is self-explanatory. It is a thought provoking poem. The poet
has made use of rhetorical questions to inspire and convey his ideas. This is a unique and innovative style
used by the poet. The title of the poem arouses interest.

The poet has urged people and readers to be thoughtful in day to day life. The poet has put forward few
questions. It made us to think if we are kind, generous, unselfish, patient and compassionate or not. We
should be considerate in our lives. We are so selfish and engrossed that we do not bother about others.

The use of interrogation is prominent. Out of sixteen lines, poet has used interrogation in eleven lines. The
language is very simple. The poem has four stanzas of four lines each. The first Stanza has four lines having
fourteen syllables. The second third and fourth have fifteen syllables. Poetic devices used in the poem are
alliteration, synecdoche and interrogation are used. Visual imagery is a special feature of this poem. The
rhyme scheme of the poem is aabb.
The message is clear one. Life is meaningful only if it is useful for humanity at large. If you are able
to help others and kind enough probably you may earn your tomorrow. Instead of waiting for
tomorrow, you can utilise each day as if there would be no tomorrow.
I like the poem because it is related to our day to day life. It has a message for all the readers. I like
the last stanza of the poem very much. It is an uplifting poem. We can start implementing the
message conveyed in this poem. The poet genuinely urges people to make others’ lives better. It is
truly an inspirational poem.

158
 2.5 FATHER RETURNING HOME

‘Father Returning Home ' is a poem written by Dilip Chitre. He is a bilingual poet. He is a translator,
painter, film-maker and columnist. In this poem the poet depicts a picture of suburban commuter .It is a
story of a hard working father who goes to work early in the morning and returns late in the evening .This
leads him alienation from his family. His children too have no time to share jokes and secrets with their
father.

The theme of the poem is man's estrangement from a man-made world. The poet shows the loneliness and
world-weariness of an old man in the modern society by depicting a picture of his own father returning
home from work.

The poem consists of two stanzas of twelve lines each. The poem is written in a free verse. There is no
particular meter or rhyme scheme followed. The language of the poem is easy and simple but full of
symbolic expressions and poetic devices. It is in a narrative form. The poetic devices used in the poem are
Simile, Alliteration, Onomatopoeia 'Synecdoche and transferred epithet. 'going into the toilet ',' The Sound
of the radio' ‘trembling of his hands' , 'clinging droplets to the greying hair ' are some of the expressions that
enhance the beauty of the poem. It is written in a free verse. There is no rhyme scheme followed in the
poem.

The poem is full of symbolic expressions. The poem depicts the very painful loneliness of a Father through
various symbolic expressions. The poem consists of two stanzas of 12 lines each.

The poem gives the message that old people are neglected and not cared in the modern society. This modern
world has no place for elderly people .No one thinks about their loneliness or care for them.

It is an eye - opening poem .The pathetic condition of the father, the treatment he receives at home , his
solitude and the way, he tries to overcome all this man made problem is beautifully placed before the
reader .The use of symbolic expressions such as the ' cracking Sound of the radio' expresses the miserable
condition of the old man . To find some solace from this man-made world, he goes in the toilet and he
contemplates there. Actually it is an attempt to escape from the human contact and find solace to oneself.
Overall it is the best poem, bringing forth the problems of Old age people in the metro cities.

159
 2.6: MONEY

'Money' is a reflective poem written by William Davies. He was a Welsh poet .After several years of
wandering life, he published his first volume, ‘The Soul's Destroyer and other poems'. Through this poem,
the Poet has showcased his self-experienced philosophy about money and personal happiness.

The poem 'Money' tells us about the rich man who wants to be a poor man to find the real happiness. When
we do not have money or have lost money, we realize how important the money is. True friends remain
forever with you, if they really love you, and not your money.

The language of the poem is very easy. There are five stanzas of four lines each. It has a simple narrative
style. The second line rhymes with the fourth line. The poetic devices like Inversion, Simile, Repetition,
Onomatopoeia, and Antithesis enhance the beauty of the poem. The rhyme scheme of the poem is abcb ;
defe; ghih ; jklk ;. In the last stanza the first line rhymes with the third. The poet has made use of vivid
imagery. For example, ‘wives hum, like bees’ or ‘came knocking all day at my door’ and ‘Then felt I like a
child that holds / A trumpet that he must not blow’, these lines effectively present the visuals.

The theme of the poem is the dual aspect of money. A rich man has many false friends and he lacks true
happiness. Whereas a poor man has few friends who are true and real. Thus, he is enriched with goodness
and happiness.

The message of the poem is that to experience true joy and happiness one need not be rich and wealthy. It is
not necessary for the poor to become rich as necessary it is for the rich to become poor. One can actually
enjoy true happiness when one becomes poor. The underlying message in the poem is,' Money cannot give
you eternal happiness .It is short lived. It cannot purchase true happiness and contentment.

I like this poem because it reveals the real worth of money. It also clarifies the false and fake beliefs about
the rich and the poor. Understanding the real worth of people, true happiness and value of money in an early
age is actually a blessing. This poem certainly teaches a valuable life-lesson to all. It tells us that money is
not the solution for everything. It is true that money makes the world go round but it is not the only solution.

160
 2.7: SHE WALKS IN BEAUTY

‘She walks in beauty’ is a poem melodious poem written by George Gordon known as Lord Byron. It is a
short lyrical poem celebrating female beauty. The poet describes an unnamed woman who is extremely
striking. The poet describes not only her external appearance but also her inner goodness. Byron compares
her to the night sky describing her serene and perfect beauty. Although the poem is generally thought to be
a love poem, the poet never actually declares his love for his lady

There are several themes. One is of course beauty. Each feature of the woman – her eyes, her black (raven)
tresses, her soft cheek, her calm brow and the lovely colour of skin is praised. The poet speaks of harmony.
He speaks of the perfect blend of day and night, of light and dark. He speaks of the ‘mellowed’ or tender
light which makes the beauty so rare, delicate and astonishing.

The other theme is the inner beauty which is what brings the outer beauty. He mentions ‘heaven’ [line 6]
which may point to a divine side to the beauty. If a person is sinless their mind is pure and calm. There is no
evil so the innocence inside causes the outer beauty which is indescribable – ‘nameless grace [line 8]

It is a short eighteen line poem having three sestets (six lines) in praise of an unnamed woman. The poet
uses several poetic devices to express how deeply he is impressed. The poet uses simile [line 1] ‘like the
night.. .’ alliteration – ‘cloudless climes’, ‘starry skies’. There is rhyme ababab in all the sestets. He uses
metaphor -raven tress [line 9], and personification – ‘smiles that win’ [line 15]. There are many examples of
antithesis through which the poet stresses on balance.

There is harmony of light – ‘dark and bright’, ‘tender light -gaudy day’, ‘one shade more, one ray less’.
These are to emphasize that the beauty is not only physical and external, but actually because there is inner
beauty. The mind is calm, the heart is innocent and this causes the outer beauty which is seen by him.

The poem is lyrical, has a steady rhythm and the language is rich with poetic devices. Though the poet does
not name the woman, or give any details of her age, his admiration is felt in the tone. The message is about
the importance of inner beauty, which is almost a divine thing that will make external beauty possible.

I feel the poem makes us realize that one should look deeper than just outward appearance. One should
appreciate beauty in its entirety.

161
 2.8: SMALL TOWNS AND RIVERS

The poem ‘Small Towns and Rivers’ written by Mamang Dai is a beautiful word-picture. It is also
a lament of the poet about her beautiful native land of Arunachal Pradesh.

This theme shows in the way she begins the poem that small towns remind her of death. It is
shocking. She implies the town is unchanging in all weathers, but development comes along and
changes everything. There is irony in that the cycle of life and death shows that life is not
permanent, but the rituals are permanent.

She uses metaphor that the rivers are not only alive like us humans, but actually immortal. She
personifies the river by way the river ‘holds its breath’ because it is choking. It is flowing in search
of a place where it will flow clean and clear. The poet uses metaphor of the water-cycle to illustrate
the river has a soul and its waters are immortal.

The poet builds a climax with ‘shrine of happy’ childhood memories. This becomes growing up -
‘grow with anxiety’. Then she speaks of how the dead are placed pointing west so the soul can
ascend directly into the sun’s golden home in the east. This tells us about the traditions of her
region.

The poem is in free verse and seems to be in easy language, but we can understand the full depth of
meaning only after reading it more than once. The poem is a lament about the destruction of nature
for development. We all will feel the sorrow of the poet when we read about how nature’s beauty
is damaged for man’s greed called ‘progress’.

The poetess gives us message that we should be aware of the degradation of the natural elements in
our vicinity. There is need to protect and conserve the natural elements.

I think this is the best poem by Mamang Dai The title Small Towns and Rivers arouses curiosity in
readers mind. The poetess has depicted her hometown and the beliefs of Adi community in the
poem. She tries to aware her readers about the prosperity of small towns on the cost of the
destruction of natural elements in the vicinity.

***************
162
 FIGURES OF SPEECH

2.1: SONG OF THE OPEN ROAD

Examples Figures of Explanation

Speech
Afoot and light-hearted I take to the Inversion The words are not in a correct order. And the order is
open road I take to the open road afoot and light hearted.
Metaphor The road - is implicitly compared with journey of
life.
Healthy, free, the world before me Inversion The words are not in a correct order. And the order is
The healthy and free world before me.
The long brown path before me leading Symbol The brown path is used as symbol for the road.
wherever I choose.
Alliteration The letter ‘b’ and ‘l’ is repeated here pleasingly.
Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
Road leading a person to walk.
Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I Repetition The words fortune are repeated here pleasingly.
myself am good-fortune
Henceforth I whimper no more, Repetition The words no more are repeated here pleasingly.
postpone no more, need nothing Climax The words are arranged here in ascending order.
Done with indoor complaints, Alliteration The sound ‘k’ is repeated here pleasingly.
libraries, querulous criticisms Climax The words are arranged here in ascending order.
Tautology The same meaning words are repeated ‘querulous c
riticisms.’
Strong and content, I travel the open Inversion The words are not in a correct order. And the order is
road. – I travel the open road Strong and content.
I do not want the constellations any Inversion The words are not in a correct order. And the order is
nearer – I do not want any nearer constellations.
The earth, that is sufficient Metaphor The earth - is implicitly compared with adequate.
I know they are very well where they Repetition The words I know are repeated here pleasingly.
are, I know they suffice for those who
belong to them.
I know they are very well where they Alliteration The letter ‘w’ is repeated here pleasingly.
are, Repetition The words they are- are repeated here pleasingly.
Still here I carry my old delicious Paradox The absurd statement is made here.
burdens Metaphor Delicious burdens - is implicitly compared with a
memories.
I carry them, men and women, I Antithesis Men and women are opposite words.
carry them with me wherever I go
Repetition The words I carry are repeated here pleasingly.
Alliteration The letter ‘m’ and ‘w’ is repeated here pleasingly.
I am fill’d with them, and I will fill Repetition The word fill is repeated here pleasingly.
them in return
163
 Poem 2.2 Indian Weavers
Examples Figures of Explanation
Speech
Weavers, weaving at break of day, Alliteration The sound ‘W’ is repeated here pleasingly
Why do you weave a garment so Interrogation The question is asked here.
gay?......
Weavers, weaving at break of day, Metaphor break of day - is implicitly compared with birth.
Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild, We Simile The indirect comparison is made here between Blue and
weave the robes of a new-born child. colour of halcyon’s wing.
Alliteration The sound ‘W’ is repeated here pleasingly.
Imagery The words “blue” and “wing of a bird” are visual
images.
Weavers, weaving at fall of night, Why Alliteration The sound ‘W’ is repeated here pleasingly
do you weave a garment so
bright?........ Interrogation The question is asked here.
Weavers, weaving at fall of night Metaphor fall of night is indirectly compare with Adulthood
Youth
Like the plumes of a peacock, purple Alliteration The sound ‘p, w’ repeated here pleasingly.
and green, We weave the marriage- Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Between
veils of a queen. Peacock’s plumes and marriage-veils.
Imagery The words “the plumes of a peacock” and “purple and
green” are visual images.
Weavers, weaving solemn and still, Alliteration The letter ‘w’, ‘s’ is repeated here pleasingly.
What do you weave in the moonlight Inversion The words are not in a proper order. The proper order of
chill…… phrase is - in the chill moonlight.
White as a feather and white as a Alliteration The letter ‘W’ is repeated here pleasingly.
cloud, We weave a dead man’s funeral Imagery The words “white feather” and “white cloud” are
shroud visual images.
Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Between white
and feather, cloud.
Repetition The word white as is repeated pleasingly.

164
 Poem 2.3 Inchcape Rock
Examples Figures Explanation
of
Speech
No stir in the air, no stir in the sea. Repetition The word ‘ no stir ’ is repeated here pleasingly

The ship was as still as she could Simile The indirect comparison is made here.
be. Alliteration The sound ‘s’ is repeated here pleasingly.
Her sails from heaven Alliteration The sound ‘h’ is repeated here pleasingly
received no motion, Repetition The word ‘ her ’ is repeated here pleasingly
Her keel was steady in the ocean.
Without either sign or sound of Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
theirshock
The waves flow’d over the
Inchcape Rock
So little they rose, so little they Antithesis Opposite words are used here for emphasis
fell. Repetition The word pleasingly ‘So little they’ is repeated
here
The Abbot of Aberbrothok Alliteration The letter ‘A’ is repeated here pleasingly.
On a buoy in the storm it floated Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
and
swung
And over the waves its warning Alliteration The sound ‘W’ is repeated here pleasingly
rung. Inversion The words are not in a correct order. And the
order is – Its warning rung over waves.
When the Rock was hid by the Alliteration The sound‘s’ is repeated here pleasingly.
surge’s swell
And then they knew the perilous Alliteration The letter ‘A, t’ is repeated here pleasingly.
Rock,
And blest the Abbot of
Aberbrothok.
The Sun in heaven was shining Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
gay,
All things were joyful on that
day;
The sea-birds scream’d as they Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
wheel’d round,
And there was joyance in their
sound.
Sir Ralph the Rover, walk’d his Alliteration The sound ‘r’ repeated here pleasingly.
deck,
And he fix’d his eye on the darker
speck.
He felt the cheering power of Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
spring. being. Spring cannot cheer but humans are able to
cheer.
He steers his course for Scotland’s Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
shore.

165
The wind hath blown a gale all day, Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
At evening it hath died away. Wind or gale cannot die as living things.
His heart was mirthful to excess, But Repetition The words ‘mirth ’ are repeated here pleasingly
the Rover’s mirth was wickedness.

Down sunk the bell with a gurgling Inversion The words are not in a correct order. And the order is
sound. – The bell down sunk with a gurgling sound.
Onomatopoeia The sound is expressed in a word.
The bubbles rose and burst around; Alliteration The sound ‘b’ is repeated here pleasingly

Sir Ralph bent over from the boat Alliteration The sound ‘b’ repeated here pleasingly.

So thick a haze o’er spreads the sky, Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
The wind hath blown a gale all day, * Archaism The word hath means third person singular present of
At evening it hath died away. have.
On the deck the Rover takes his Inversion The words are not coming in a proper prose order.
stand *The Rover takes his stand on the deck.
So dark it is they see no land. Inversion The words are not coming in a proper prose order.
* It is dark so they see no land
Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘It will be lighter * Archaism The word Quoth means said. It is old English.
soon,
For there is the dawn of the rising Paradox Two opposite ideas are presented in a sentence.
Moon. Dawn and Rising Moon – absurd idea.
‘Canst hear’, said one, ‘the breakers * Archaism The word Canst mean second person singular present
roar? of can.
Interrogation The question is asked here.

For methinks we should be near the * Archaism The word methinks means I think.
shore’.
Now where we are I cannot tell Alliteration The sound ‘w’ repeated here pleasingly.
Though the wind hath fallen they Archaism The word hath means third person singular present of
drift along have.
Till the vessel strikes with a Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
shivering
shock
The Devil below was ringing his Metaphor Devil is implicitly compared with death.
knell.
‘O Christ! it is the Inchcape Rock!’ Apostrophe The feelings represented by an exclamation
Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair Alliteration The sound ‘h’ repeated here pleasingly.
But I wish I could hear the Inchcape Repetition The word ‘I’ repeated here pleasingly.
Bell
A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell Metaphor The comparison of two different things are implied
The Devil below was ringing his Bell - is implicitly compared with a death.
knell.

166
 Poem 2.4 Have you Earned your Tomorrow
Examples Figures of Explanation
Speech
Is anybody happier because you Interrogation The question is asked here.
passed his way?
Does anyone remember that you Interrogation The question is asked here.
spoke to him today?
This day is almost over, and its Alliteration The sound‘t’ repeated here pleasingly.
toiling time is through;
Is there anyone to utter now a kindly Interrogation The question is asked here.
word of you?
Did you give a cheerful greeting to Interrogation The question is asked here.
the friend who came along?
Or a churlish sort of “Howdy” and then Interrogation The question is asked here.
vanish in the throng? Alliteration The sound‘t’ repeated here pleasingly.
Were you selfish pure and simple as Inversion The words are not in a proper order. The proper
you rushed along the way, order of sentence is – You were pure selfish and
simple as
the way rushed along.
Or is someone mighty grateful for a Interrogation The question is asked here.
deed you did today?
Alliteration The sound‘d’ repeated here pleasingly.
That you helped a single brother of Interrogation The question is asked here.
the many that you passed? Synecdoche Brother a part represents to whole human being.
Can you say tonight, in parting with Personification The lifeless thing day is treated here as animated
the days that’s slipping fast quality slipping fast.
Does a man whose hopes were Interrogation The question is asked here.
fading now with courage look Antithesis The contradictory words fade and courage are used
ahead? here
Inversion The words are not in a proper order. The proper
order of sentence is – Does a man whose hopes
were fading
now look ahead with courage?
Is a single heart rejoicing over what Synecdoche Single heart a part represents to whole human
you did or said; beings.
Did you waste the day, or lose it; Interrogation The question is asked here.
was it well or sorely spent? Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
Antithesis The contradictory words well and sore are used here
Did you leave a trail of kindness or a Interrogation The question is asked here.
scar of discontent? Antithesis The contradictory words kindness and discontent
are used here
Metaphor Discontent - is implicitly compared with a scar.
As you close your eyes in slumber do Personification God is treated here as animated quality able to
you think that God would say speak
You have earned one more tomorrow Antithesis The contradictory words tomorrow and today are
by the work you did today? used here

167
 Poem 2.5 Father Returning Home
Examples Figures of Explanation
Speech
My father travels on the late Alliteration The sound‘t’ repeated here pleasingly.
evening train

Standing among silent commuters Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
in the yellow light
Suburbs slide past his unseeing Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
eyes. One would not refer to eyes as not being able to
Paradox
see. This is absurd statement
Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
Suburbs are showing as sliding past.
His shirt and pants are soggy and his Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
black raincoat Metaphor Black raincoat is implicitly compared with
dullness.
Stained with mud and his bag Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
stuffed with books Is falling apart.
His eyes dimmed by age Metaphor Dimmed eyes are implicitly compared with
Fade homeward through the humid tiredness.
monsoon night. Alliteration The sound ‘h’ repeated here pleasingly.

Now I can see him getting off the Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Between
train Like a word dropped from a father’s getting off and a dropping word.
long sentence.

He hurries across the length of the Alliteration The sound ‘h’ repeated here pleasingly.
grey platform, Metaphor Grey platform are implicitly compared with old
age.
His chappals are sticky with mud, Alliteration The sound ‘h’ repeated here pleasingly.
but he hurries onward.
I see him drinking weak tea. Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
I see him drinking weak tea. *Code –mixing Used Hindi and English Word together
Eating a stale chapati, reading a
book.
Man’s estrangement from a man- Alliteration The sound ‘m’ repeated here pleasingly.
made world Repetition The word man is repeated.
A few droplets cling to the greying Alliteration The sound ‘h’ repeated here pleasingly.
hair on his wrists. Synecdoche Grey hair a part represents whole old age.
Listening to the static on the radio *Symbolism The sentence is used in a symbolic meaning of
‘escape from this mean world ’
Onomatopoeia The word static denotes the tuning sound of radio.
His sullen children have often Alliteration The sound ‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
refused to share Jokes and secrets Synecdoche Jokes and secrets a part represents to whole details
with him. of lives.

168
 Poem 2.6 Money

Examples Figures of Explanation

Speech
When I had money, money, O! Repetition The word ‘ money ’ is repeated here pleasingly
Apostrophe The feelings represented by an exclamation

For many false man as a friend Inversion The words are not in a proper order. And the
Came knocking all day at my correct order is For many false man came
door. knocking at mydoor as a friend all day.
Hyperbole This is an over statement.
Then felt I like a child that holds Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Feeling are
like child
Inversion The words are not in a proper order. And the
correct order is Then I felt like a child that holds.
Much have I thought of life and seen Inversion The words are not in a proper order. And the
correct order is I thought much of life and seen.
And how their wives do hum Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Between
like bees wife and bees.
Onomatopoeia The sound is expressed in a word hum.
About their work from morn till Antithesis Opposite words are used here for emphasis
night.
So, when I hear these poor ones Antithesis Opposite words are used here for emphasis
laugh, And see the rich ones Repetition The word ‘ ones ’ is repeated here pleasingly
coldly frown
Poor men, think I, need not go Antithesis Opposite words are used here for emphasis
up So much as rich men should Inversion The words are not in a proper order. And the
come down correct order is I think, poor man need not go
up So much as rich men should come down
Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Between
poor and rich.
My many friends proved all untrue Inversion The words are not in a proper order. And the
correct order is My many friends proved untrue
all.
But now I have no money, O! Apostrophe The feelings represented by an exclamation
Not speak to this false world know Metonymy The word world represents people. World and
people are closely associated.

169
 Poem 2.7 She Walks in Beauty
Examples Figures of Explanation
Speech
She walks in beauty, like the night Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Between
walking beauty and night.
Of cloudless climes and starry skies Alliteration The sound‘s, c’ repeated here pleasingly.
And all that’s best of dark and bright Antithesis Opposite words are used here for emphasis
Meet in her aspect and her eyes Repetition The word ‘ her ’ is repeated here pleasingly
Thus mellowed to that tender light Alliteration The sound‘t, d’ repeated here pleasingly.
Which heaven to gaudy day denies. Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
Light is treated as tenderly.
One shade the more, one ray the less, Antithesis more - less , Opposite words are used here for
emphasis
Repetition The word ‘ one ’ is repeated here pleasingly
Had half impaired the nameless Alliteration The sound ‘h’ repeated here pleasingly.
grace
Which waves in every raven tress Alliteration The sound ‘w’ repeated here pleasingly.
Or softly lightens o’er her face
Or softly lightens o’er her face *Archaism The word o’er mean over. It is an old English
(syncope) word.
Where thoughts serenely sweet Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
express, How pure, how dear their Repetition The word ‘ how ’ is repeated here pleasingly
dwelling-place.
Metaphor Mind is implicitly compared with dwelling-place.
And on that cheek, and o’er that Archaism The word o’er mean over. It is an old English
brow (syncope) word.
Repetition The word ‘ and, that ’ is repeated here pleasingly
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent Repetition The word ‘ so ’ is repeated here pleasingly
Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
The smiles that win, the tints that Repetition The word ‘ the ,that ’ is repeated here pleasingly
glow Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
Smile treated here as winning and tint.
Alliteration The sound‘t’ repeated here pleasingly.
But tell of days in goodness spent Inversion The words are not in a proper order. And the
correct order is ‘But tells of days spent in
goodness.’
A mind at peace with all below Synecdoche The word mind a part represents the woman as
whole.

170
 Poem 2.8 Small Towns and Rivers
Examples Figures of Explanation
Speech
My hometown lies calmly amidst the Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
trees being.
Hometown is treated as human lying calmly .
it is always the same, in summer or Climax The words are arranged here in ascending order.
winter, with the dust flying Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
being. Dust has been personified by showing -
flying.
Antithesis Summer - winter Opposite words are used here
for emphasis.
or the wind howling down the gorge Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
being. Wind has been personified by showing -
howling.
Onomatopoeia The word howling denotes sound word
In the dreadful silence we wept Antithesis silence - wept ,Opposite words are used here for
emphasis.
Alliteration The sound ‘w’ repeated here pleasingly.
Inversion The words are not in a proper order. And the
correct order is ‘We wept in the dreadful
silence.’
looking at the sad wreath of Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
tuberoses being. sad wreath has been personified..
Life and death, life and death, Repetition The word ‘ life - death ’ is repeated here
pleasingly
Antithesis life - death ,Opposite words are used here for
emphasis.
The river has a soul. Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
being. river has been personified by showing
has a soul.
In the summer it cuts through the land Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Between
like a torrent of grief. River and its flow.
Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
being. river has been personified by showing
cutting through land.
Metaphor Grief is implicitly compared with a torent.
Sometimes, sometimes, I think it holds Repetition The word ‘sometimes’ is repeated here
its breath seeking a land of fish and pleasingly.
stars Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
being. river has a breath .
Alliteration The sound‘s’ repeated here pleasingly.
the river knows Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
the immortality of water. being. River treated as human.
It knows, stretching past the town, Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
being. River treated as human by showing
‘Knows.’

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from the first drop of rain to dry Alliteration The sound ‘f, d’ repeated here pleasingly.
earth
and mist on the mountaintops Alliteration The sound ‘m’ repeated here pleasingly.

A shrine of happy pictures marks the Metaphor Happy pictures are implicitly compared with a
days of childhood. shrine.
Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
being. Picture treated as human by showing
happiness.
Transferred The epithet 'happy' is transferred from the time
Epithet to the pictures.
The dead are placed pointing west. Alliteration The sound ‘p’ repeated here pleasingly.

It will walk into the golden east into the Metaphor The east is implicitly compared with the house
house of the sun. of the sun
Small towns grow with anxiety for the Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
future. being. Anxiety is human quality applied to
town.
When the soul rises Personification The lifeless thing is treated here as human
it will walk into the golden east being.
Alliteration The sound ‘f’ repeated here pleasingly.
In the cool bamboo, restored in Simile The indirect comparison is made here. Between
sunlight, life matters, like this. River and life
Alliteration The sound ‘l’ repeated here pleasingly.
We all want to walk with the gods. Alliteration The sound ‘w’ repeated here pleasingly.

Hyperbole This is an overstatement.

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 SECTION 3: WRITING SKILLS

VIRTUAL MESSAGE

1) In pairs, enact the given conversation between Rakesh and Mrs Sarkar.:
Rakesh: Hello, may I speak to Dr Sarkar?
Mrs. Sarkar: He has gone to the hospital to attend the OPD. May I know who is speaking? ‘
Rakesh: Yes, I am Rakesh Sood. My wife has been having a severe headache since yesterday. Since this
morning she has also developed a high temperature. I would be very grateful if the doctor could come over
to our place to examine her.
Mrs. Sarkar: Of course. Please let me note down your address.
Rakesh: It is B-49, New Colony.
Mrs. Sarkar: I will give him your message as soon as he returns.
Rakesh: Thank you.
Mrs Sarkar had to leave for the school where she teaches. So she wrote a message for her husband.
Draft the message in not more than 50 words.
(Students can enact the conversation in class.)
Ans:
22th June, 9 am
Sumit

Mr. Rakesh Sood staying at B-49, New Colony rang up this morning to say his wife has not been
keeping well. She had headache yesterday and has been running a high temperature since this morning.
He wanted you to go over their place and attend her at the earliest.

Sunita

2) Using information from the dialogue given below, write the message which Amrita left for her
brother, Sourajit. (Do not leave out any vital information or add any new information).

Shekhar: Is this 28473892?

Amrita: Yes, May I know who is speaking?
Shekhar: I am Shekhar, I want to speak to Sourajit. I am his friend from IHM, Goa.
Amrita: I am his sister. Sourajit is not at home at the moment. Can you ring up a little later?
Shekhar: I shall be a little busy. Actually, I have got a placement at the Hotel Mumbai, and will have to join
with immediate effect.
So right now I am trying to get all the formalities completed. This is the news that I wanted to give Sourajit.
Will you do that for me? Also tell him that I will let him know my new cell phone number as soon as I get
one.
Amrita: I’ll do that. Bye and all the best.
Amrita had to leave for office. So she wrote a note for Sourajit. Draft her message in not more than
50 words.
Ans.

30th September, 8.30 am.

Sourajit

Your friend Shekhar called up to say that he has got placement in Hotel Mumbai. He is at present busy
getting all the formalities done. He said he would give you his new cell number as soon as he got it.

Amrita

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(3) Using the information given below, write a message which Manu left for his sister, Renu. (Do not
add any new information. The message should not exceed 50 words.)
Ruhaan rang up book----reading session ------ ‘Children Ask Kalam’ ----- Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam -----
compilation of letters received by him from children and his answers ------- Oxford Book Store - 8
pm. this evening, -------- pick you up ------ 6:30 pm -------- attend reading session together.
Ans:

28th November, 2 pm

Renu

Ruhaan rang up to say that there is a book reading session at Oxford Book Store this evening at 8 o'clock.
The book is "Children Ask Kalam" - a compilation of letters received by Dr. Kalam and his answers.
Ruhaan will pick you up at 6:30 pm sharp.

Manu

4) Given below is a template for a message. Imagine you are working as a receptionist in a company
and you are supposed to maintain the call record. Complete the details given in the template for a
particular message.

Call For : Rohit Patil (Mkt. Mgr.)

From : Company:
Sunil Shah A.K. ASSOCIATES
Date Time Phone
18/10/2020 10.30 AM (022) 74562451
Message : Called up to enquire about the pending delivery of consignment vide proforma
Invoice PE/2036/20 dated 15th September. Also asked to verify the undue delay and rectify.
He had expressed his concern over the delay and the subsequent problems which may
arise in his factory.
Action (Circle One) Taken By
Phoned Returned Your call Call Back Will Call Again Suraj Kamat
Asst. Mkt. Mgr.

************************

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 QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

1) Imagine, you have to leave early from home for an interview. Draft a message in about 100/150 words, to
convey the same to your friend. Give your own reasons to support your message.
2) Imagine, you are not well and will not be able to attend lectures at college. Draft a message in about
100/150 words to convey the same to your teacher. Give your own reasons to support your message.
3) Imagine, you have planned different methods to study for your board exam. Draft a message in about
100/150 words, to give these details to your friend. Give your own reasons to support your message.
4) Imagine, that you have to leave your hostel room to attend to a relative coming at the city hospital from
your native place. Draft a message in about 100/150 words giving reason of your absence at the birthday
party of your roommate at the hostel. Give your own reasons to support your message..
5) Imagine that you have won two entry tickets to a popular drama at a theatre near you this weekend. Draft
a message in about 100/150 words to convey the incredible news to your best friend.
6) You are Priyanka, a personal assistant to Ms Sen. She was away attending a meeting when Mr Garg rang
up. You spoke to him and jotted down his message in your notepad.
Draft the message for Ms Sen using the information in your notes given below.
Mr Garg – rang up – 5 pm – has received the CDs and the posters – coming tomorrow – to thank Ms Sen
and to personally hand over the cheque.

7) Given below is a telephone conversation between Ryan and Mrs. Dave. As Mrs. Dave needs to leave
for a meeting, she leaves a message for her daughter Rhea. Draft a message in not more than 50
words:

Ryan: Isn't this Rhea's house?

Mrs. Dave: Yes... Who is speaking?
Ryan : Good morning, Aunty! This is Ryan. I have been trying Rhea's mobile and found it switched off.
Mrs. Dave: She has gone to music class. She usually doesn't carry her mobile when she goes to the music
class.
Ryan: That's okay. Can you please tell her to give me a call when she is back.

Mrs. Dave: The thing is that I won't be here when she comes. I have a meeting at twelve. Is it anything
urgent?
Ryan: Yeah, Aunty. I booked tickets for a classical music concert this evening for three of us.
Mrs. Dave: Is Swara coming along?
Ryan: Yeah, Swara is also there. The venue is Rabindra Natya Mandir and the concert begins at six sharp. I
have some work and will be free only after four o'clock. I have already spoken to Swara. Please tell Rhea to
be well in time.
Mrs. Dave: Sure. I will leave a message for her. Anyway, you can confirm on her mobile in the afternoon.
Ryan: Sure. Thanks, Aunty.
Mrs. Dave: You are welcome.

(8) Given below is a transcript of a telephone conversation between Mrs. Pundit and Kanika. As Mrs.
Pundit has to go out on an urgent errand, she leaves a message for her daughter, Lena. Draft the
message in not more than 50 words:

Kanika : Is this.... (Telephone Number)?

Mrs. Pundit : Yes.... May I know who is speaking?
Kanika: This is Kanika. Lena's friend.
Mrs. Pundit: Hi, Kanika. Lena is not at home.
Kanika: That's alright. Could you please tell her that there is a change in the venue of the painting
competition? Now it is at the J.N.M. Centre.
Mrs. Pundit : Does Lena know this place?
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Kanika: I doubt it. Please note it down.
Mrs. Pundit: Hold on for a moment... Okay. Go ahead.
Kanika: It is near Khan Market. A closer landmark will be Diamond Park. The Centre is in a lane near the
rear gate of the park.
Mrs. Pundit: I see. I'm about to go out on an urgent errand. Anyway, I will leave a message for Lena.
Kanika : Thank you, Aunty.
Mrs. Pundit: My pleasure.

(9) The following is a telephone conversation between Veda and her mother. Draft a message based
on the conversation in not more than 50 words:
Mrs. Murthy: Hello, Veda! Where are you now?
Veda: I'm at the bus stop. Why? What happened?
Mrs. Murthy: Our neighbour Mrs. Kadam has met with an accident and is in hospital. I'm rushing there
now. Veda: Is it something serious?
Mrs. Murthy: I don't think so. I called you mainly because I won't be here when you come home. I may get
delayed. I wanted you to take care of certain things in the mean time.
Veda : Sure, Mom. What do you want me to do?
Mrs. Murthy: As soon as you come, give Grandpa his pre-lunch Hot tablet. I will put it an envelope and
mark pre-lunch. Then you can heat the dishes in the microwave. Yeah, meanwhile make 'rasam'; it won't
take much time. You know how to make it, right?
Veda: Yeah, I know.
Mrs. Murthy: In the evening prepare tea. You know where the biscuits are, don't you?
Veda : Yes, I know.
Mrs. Murthy : Serve tea with biscuits. Go with Grandpa for his regular walk in the park. See to it that he
takes his walking stick.
Veda : Mom, why can't you just note down these things. I will remember, but just in case...
Mrs. Murthy: Okay. I will leave a message.
Veda: Okay, Mom.

10) You are Aditya. Today you had the following conversation with Pranav, a friend of your elder
brother. Arnav: Pranav: Hello! Is it Aditya?
Aditya: Yes. I’m Aditya speaking. What can I do for you?
Pranav: Well, Aditya! I’m Pranav, your brother Arnav’s friend.
Aditya: Oh, I see. Well, my brother is not here now. So can I help you?
Pranav: Yes. Please convey him that he should bring my ‘Activity Work Book of English’ today in the
college. I need it in the class.
Aditya: That’s fine. I’ll do that.
Pranav: Please donot forget it.
Aditya: I assure you about it. I will definitely convey your message to my brother.
As you are leaving for your school, write a message for your brother in about 50 words. Put your
message in a box.
11) Read the following conversation between Aashna and Mr. Singh.
Aashna: Hello, may I speak to Ranajit, please?
Mr. Singh: Ranajit is getting ready for school. May I know who is speaking?
Aashna: My name is Aashna. I am Ranajit’s classmate.
Mr. Singh: Hello, Aashna. I am Ranajit’s father. Is there any message?
Aashna: Yes. Please ask him to bring his biology notebook to school today. I was absent from school due to
illness. I would like to see the notes which our biology teacher gave to the class during my absence.
Mr. Singh: I will definitely do that. Since
Mr. Singh had to go for his morning walk he left a message for Ranajit. Draft that message in 50
words
***********************

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 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Write a set of 8 to 10 questions to be asked to a social worker. Take the help of the following points.
(Childhood--------- education -------- service ------------- difficulties ------- future plans -------
achievements -------- message)
Name of the interviewee (distinguished Dr. Prakash Amate
personality)
Area of Success/Reputation Social Service
Date/Venue/Time 2nd October, Bajaj Hall Dadar
Duration of Interview 45 minutes

Questions
1 Purpose behind social work Why have you selected a career in social work?
2 Problems/hurdles What are the social problems that our country is facing
today?
3 Challenges / ups and downs What are the challenges of working in this field?
4 Essentials What qualities are required to be a good social worker?
5 Experiences What are your experiences while working in the remote area
for the Adivasi community?
6 Opinion to join other profession What is your opinion about taking entry in politics?
7 Steps taken What are your measures to make a difference with the poor?

8 Message What is your message to the youngsters of our country?

2) Imagine you are going to interview a well-known doctor in your area. Prepare a set of 8 to 10
questions focussing on his career, practice, social behaviour and the activities he carried out. Frame
out the questions as per following table.

Name of the interviewee (distinguished Dr. Sunil Gadkari

personality)
Area of Success/Reputation Medicine
Date/Venue/Time 15th Aug 2020, Bhave Hall, Churchgate
Duration of Interview 45 Minutes
Questions
1 Family background What will you say about your education and background?
2 Inspiration Who inspired you to be a doctor?
3 Hurdles What difficulties did you come across while pursuing your
dream?
4 Purpose of work in poor area Why did you choose the Interior part of Maharashtra only
after getting your MS degree?
5 Initial days as a doctor How were your initial practice days here in Adivasi area
where nobody goes to doctor?
6 Ways or method/s to attract people What did you do to attract them to your clinic?
7 Family / wife's support Your wife is also a doctor and she too is a part of your
great work. How did you convince her for this work?
8 Memorable incident What is the most memorable incident in your life as a
doctor?
9 Message What message would you like to give young fellow doctors
who are joining this profession?

177
3) Imagine you are going to interview a captain of U Mumbai Kabbadi team who has been invited to
your college to inaugurate the Intercollegiate Sports Festival. Prepare a set of 8 to 10 questions
focussing on his career, practice, hardships, challenges and message. Frame out introductory, probing
and concluding questions.

Name of the interviewee (distinguished personality) Kiran Jadhav

Area of Success/Reputation Sports (Kabaddi)
Date/Venue/Time Royal College
Duration of Interview 45 Minutes

Questions:
1 Reaction after victory How do you feel after this victory?
2 Team efforts How much your team had practiced in the
beginning and in the final?
3 Challenge What was your big challenge during the match?
4 Tactics used How did you track a particular player from
opposite team with different tactics?
5 Steps during match You were lagging behind in bonus points in the
first half, What tactics had you planned to cover up
the bonus points in second half?
6 Important role played Who according to you played a crucial role for
victory?
7 Promoting kabaddi at international It is said that Kabaddi is a local game and is not
level played at international level, What do you think
can be done to promote Kabaddi at international
level?
8 Olympic Chances We have heard in next few days Kabaddi is going
to get place in Olympics. What chances of India
are there to be victorious and get a medal in
Olympics?
9 Message What message you would like to give to aspiring
Kabaddi players?

4) Imagine that you are going to Interview a very well-known political leader and social OR activist of
the district. Prepare a set of 8 to 10 questions focussing on his/her social behaviour and the activities
he/she carries out.

Name of the interviewee (distinguished Mr. Rohit Shete

personality)
Area of Success/Reputation Politics
Date/Venue/Time Loksatta Platform
Duration of Interview 45 Minutes
Questions:
1 Reaction after victory How do you feel after your success?
2 Family background / Nobody in your family has a political background, How did
politics you decide to become a politician?
3 Instance to join politics When did you first feel to join politics?
4 Opinion about social service Why do you look at politics as a social service and not
politics politics?
5 Changes expected in people What are the changes that you want to bring amongst the
people of your constituency?
6 Work priority What work will be your priority in your constituency?
7 Policy against corruption Till now you are known for your non-corrupt work, what
strategy you are going to adopt against corrupt government
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 officials and practices?
8 Dream for state If offered Chief Minister's chair, what will you do for state?
9 Message What is your message to the new comers who would like to
join politics?

5) Saina Nehwal and P. V. Sindhu are playing against each other in the Common Wealth Games. As a
reporter of the Indian Express newspaper you met and interacted with Saina Nehwal and learnt
about her achievements and future plans related to badminton Frame a set of 8 to 10 questions that
covers the interview.

Name of the interviewee (distinguished personality) Saina Nehwal

Area of Success/Reputation Badminton
Date/Venue/Time Parliament Hall, Jaipur
Duration of Interview 45 Minutes

Questions:
1 Inspiration There are many great badminton players who have left a
permanent mark with their style. Who amongst them is
your inspiration?
2 Family support Nobody in your family has a sports background, still how
did they support you?
3 Daily routine What is your daily schedule?
4 Strength/drawback What are your strengths and drawbacks?
5 Success mantra What is a philosophy of your success?
6 Game & family balance How do you take out time for your family and friends from
your busy schedule?
7 Memorable incident/event Which is the most memorable moment in your career as a
player?
8 Other interest If you would have not been a badminton player, what else
you would have been?
9 Message You are an inspiration to many youngsters. What message
would you like to give them?

6) Imagine that you are going to have an interview with an artist/singer from your area. Prepare 10
questions that you would like to ask him/her.

Name of the interviewee (distinguished Sagar Acharya

personality)
Area of Success/Reputation Singing/ Dancing
Date/Venue/Time 1st April, P.L. Deshpande Academy, Matunga
Duration of Interview 45 Minutes
Questions:
1 Personal reaction How do you feel on winning the show?
2 Family feelings How does your family feel about it?
3 Changes after success How has your life changed after winning the Indian Idol?
4 Handling success It's believed that you've achieved a huge female fan
following, how do you handle it?
5 Dream for the beginning Whether it was your dream from your child hood to be a
singer? If yes how?
6 Support in nurturing dream Who nurtured and nourished this dream as the years went
by?

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7 Bad phase / struggle period It is believed that every artist has a struggling phase in his
life. What would you say about this phase from your life?
8 Future plan What are your future plans? Are you looking forward to
join main stream Bollywood?
9 Essentials of success In the world of Changing values and priorities, what do
you think is the most essential quality for success?
10 Message What message you would like to give to all your fans and
aspiring singers?

7) Frame a set of 8 to 10 questions to be asked while interacting a well-known Bollywood star, whose
film recently broke all records at box office.

Name of the interviewee (distinguished personality) Mr. Amir Khan

Area of Success/Reputation Acting
Date/Venue/Time 21st March 2021
Duration of Interview 45 Minutes
Questions:
1 Preparation for role Your performance is being appreciated from all corners of the
society. How did you prepare yourself for this?
2 Reason to do this role You have never accepted such different role prior to this, what
attracted you to do this role ?
3 Challenges in role Actor needs to understand the role and get under its skin. What
performance challenge did you face while playing the role of a father and a
trainer of a wrestler ?
4 Fitness and role. How did you work on your physical fitness in order to fit in to
the character ?
5 Weight gain and role How did you gain weight for this role?
6 Memorable incident Narrate some memorable incident during the shoot of that
movie.
7 Criticism and reaction How do you react to your criticism?
8 Source of varying ideas Where did you get these different ideas from?
9 Next movie/plan/message What is your plan for next movie and message to the aspiring
actors/actresses?

8) Imagine, you have to conduct an interview of a distinguished personality in the field of your own
choice. With the help of the given table and points draft questions on the given fields associated with
the personality. (Do not change the sequence of the questions)

Name of the interviewee (distinguished personality) Mrs. Sudha Murthy

Area of Success/Reputation An author, a teacher and philanthropist
Date/Venue/Time 26th March, 2020 J. W. Marriott, Sagar
Nagar, Bengaluru/10:00 am
Duration of Interview 25 minutes
Questions
1 Early life/struggle What kind of struggles did you come across in your
early life and how did you handle them?
2 Hurdles in Education What kind of hurdles did you face during your
education at school and college?
3 Role model/inspiration Who is your role model?
4 Family support What is your family's take on your success? How much
of their support did you get?
5 First success/Achievement What do you consider as your first achievement in life
180
 and how did you feel?
6 Success plan What kind of a success plan did you follow?
7 Dreams unfulfilled Everyone has some kind of dreams that have remained
unfulfilled, What are yours?
8 Message What message would you like to give our viewers?

9) Frame a set of 8 to 10 questions to be asked while interacting a well-known Cricketer.

Name of the interviewee (distinguished Mr. Sachin Tendulkar

personality)
Area of Success/Reputation Cricket
Date/Venue/Time 20 March 2019 W Marriott, Mumbai/10:00 am
Duration of Interview 20 minutes

Questions
1 Student life What would be some interesting facts of your student
life?
2 Early Interest What other interests did you have during your
childhood apart from cricket?
3 Idol Whom do you consider as your idol?
4 Primary Training What kind of pre-requisites does one require for
primary cricket training?
5 Opportunity How did you feel when you got the opportunity to play
the first international cricket match?
6 Accomplishments Which one of your accomplishments would you like to
narrate?
7 Target/Goals What all goals did you set for yourself while
practicing?
8 Suggestion What suggestions would you like to give to young
cricket aspirants?

10) Frame a set of 8 to 10 questions to be asked while interacting a well-known Singer.

Name of the interviewee (distinguished Mrs. Shreya Ghoshal

personality)
Area of Success/Reputation Music/Singer
Date/Venue/Time 21st April 2021 W Marriott, Mumbai/10:00 am
Duration of Interview 30 minutes

Questions
1 Inspiration Who is your source of inspiration?
2 Preparation How did you prepare yourself to reach this stage of
success?
3 Development What kind of career development roles are you
planning in the near future?
4 Teacher/Guide Whom do you consider as your teacher?
5 Memorable moments Which all memorable moments related to your career
are special for you?
6 Skills required What kind of skills are required to become a singer like
you?

181
7 Performances What kind of preparations do you do before a stage
performance?
8 Do’s & Don’ts Which activities are the top molt in your list of do's and
don'ts for aspiring singers?

11. Prepare a set of ten questions they you would ask the winner of the overall championship at the state level.
The following questions forms part of the interview with the student who had won the Overall
Championship at the State Level Cricket Tournament.

1. How do you feel on receiving such a Championship?

2. Have you received such recognition before? Please give details.
3. How long has your career in the cricket been?
4. Who do you attribute your success to?
5. Who has inspired you to take up cricket?
6. What were the reactions of your family to this championship?
7. Who else do you think deserved such a championship?
8. To what extent were your colleagues helpful in your success story?
9. What is your plan for the future or your dream?
10. What message would you like to give upcoming generation?

12. The following are the interview questions that the interviewer would put to the topper of the SSC Board at
the recently held examinations.

1. What percentage did you actually expect?

2. Who do you give credit to for your success?
3. What role did your school teachers play in your preparation for the SSC examinations?
4. How much time did you spend a day on studies?
5. What method of study did you adopt?
6. Who helped you with you difficulties?
7. What is your ambition in life?
8. What is your immediate goal?
9. Which career do you propose to choose?
10. Any advice to the present batch of students? Please state.

13. The following questions form a part of the interview between an actress who is a recipient of an
award and yourself.

1. How do you feel on receiving such an award?

2. Have you received such recognition before? Please give details.
3. How long has your career in the film industry ben?
4. Who do you attribute your success to?
5. Which is your favourite co - star and why?
6. What were the reactions of your family to this award?
7. Who else do you think deserved such an award?
8. What types of roles do you enjoy doing the most?
9. What is your plan for the future?
10. What message would you like to give the upcoming generation of artistes?

14. Imagine that you are going to have an interview with an artist, a musician or a painter from your
area. Prepare ten questions that you would like to ask him / her.

1. Sir, what is your opinion about art in modern day?

2. How is art rated today in the commercial world?
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3. Who is your inspiration and role - model?
4. What preparations do you make before a concert?
5. Why have you chosen this form of art?
6. Do you get sufficient support from your family, friends and colleagues?
7. Who is your real “hero”?
8. What hardships do you face in this field?
9. Have you had any memorable experience that you would like to share with us?
10. State what message you would like to give to your fans and other upcoming artistes.

15. As a part of conservation of wildlife, you were fortunate to visit a zoo, wherein you interviewed
the Zoo manager. Write out the questions that you asked him.
The following questions forms part of the interview that were put to the Zoo manager during a visit to the
zoo.
1. How many animals do you have here in this zoo?
2. What food is supplied to these animals?
3. How well secure are the animals in their cages?
4. What problems do these animals face with respect the environment?
5. How do visitors treat the caged animals?
6. What is the reaction of these animals?
7. What facilities do you have to treat illnesses and injuries?
8. To what extend do you get support from the general public or from animal welfare organizations?
9. How far visitors are well behaved and follow instructions?
10. What suggestions for improvements would you like to make?

16. Before developing the article in the textbook the writer must have interviewed Saina. Imagine
what kind of questions he must have asked. The responses given by Saina are presented in the article.
Frame about ten questions.
1. What are the essential qualities for a badminton star?
2. What gives you an edge over others?
3. What strategy do you generally use?
4. How do you gain such confidence?
5. Which qualities help you to win matches?
6. In what way are you a complete player?
7. What scope do you see for yourself in the future?
8. What is your take on ‘playing with the wind’?
9. To what extent has your coach been instrumental in your success?
10. What message would you like to share with your fans?

17. Imagine you got a chance to interview Yellappa Reddy, the master brain, environment specialist
behind the creation of Pavitra Vana. Frame 10 questions that you’d like to ask him.
The following questions would form part of the interview with Yellappa Reddy.

1. What was your main task as a conservator of forest?

2. What made you determine to grow an entire flora in a single garden?
3. State the main difficulty that you encounter?
4. How far did you succeed in creating a Pavitra Vana?
5. Which book have you published?
6. Who assisted you in this task?
7. What plans do you have to create awareness about trees and flowers?
8. How have you increased the areas of Pavitra Vana?
9. What plans do you have for the future?
10. What message would you like to give to the common man?

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 COMPERING
Q.1.) Imagine that you are a compere of a prize distribution ceremony of your college. Write a script
of the same. You can take help of the following points.
(a) Introduction
(b) Welcome speech
(c) Lighting the lamp
(d) Welcome song
(e) Main event
(f) Vote of thanks
Ans:
(a) Introduction: Honorable Chief Guest, respected Principal of the college, respected teachers and
highly enthusiastic audience, I welcome one and all on behalf of our college.

(b) Welcome speech: Today, as we gather for the prize distribution ceremony, we are privileged to
have Mr. Joy Joshi as the Guest of Honor. Mr. Joshi is a social worker and the Principal of New Era Art and
Commerce College. I welcome Joshi sir on behalf the principal of our college. I request our Principal -to
felicitate Joshi sir with a bouquet and a momentum as a token of respect.

(c) Lighting the lamp: To begin with our programme. I call upon our honorable Chief Guest Shri
Joshi to light the traditional lamp. I also request all the dignitaries on the dais to join Joshi sir. Lighting of
the traditional lamp symbolizes spread of knowledge. It leads us from darkness to light.

(d) Welcome song: Now I call upon the stage a group of students to recite the welcome song.
Thank you friends. It a nice presentation, we all enjoyed the song.

(e) Main event: Throughout the year, various co-curricular competitions were organised in college. It
included music, dance, rangoli and elocution too. I request our Chief Guest to felicitate prize winning
students. Let me begin the prize distribution ceremony by calling on stage Mukta Deo, the topper of the
previous year. She secured 95% marks in the Board Examination. Congratulations to Mukta Deo.
Now, I call upon the stage Miss. Gauravi Khanna who stood first in the dance competition, Mr. Advait
Kulkarni who bagged gold medal in inter-college swimming competition and Miss. Anahita More who
stood first in inter-college singing competition.
It gives me immense sense of satisfaction the as we approach to the end of the programme. I feel honoured
as many of my classmates and friends are honoured today. Friends, winning and losing is a part of game.
What matters is participation in the event. Let’s again congratulate all the winners and the participants of all
the contests. Let’s motivate them with a big round of applause for their journey towards progress. After all
journey towards success begins with a single step.

f) Vote of Thanks: Sincere thanks to Honourable Chief Guest Shri Joshi. Special thanks to our Vice
Principal Mrs. Shreya Patil and teachers for organizing this programme, the audience for your presence.
Your appreciation and motivation will help our friends in their journey towards success.
Thank You.

*********************

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2) Imagine that you are a compere of the 'Independence Day' to be celebrated at your
complex. Prepare a script for compering the programme with the help of the following points
in about 100 to 150 words.
• Introduction
• National anthem and unfurling of the flag
• Welcome of the guest
• Main events (speeches of students, skit performance of the students and guest's speech)
• Felicitating the social workers from the city
• Vote of thanks
Ans.
Introduction:
'Bharat Mata Ki Jay, Good morning everybody. I am Sumedh and I would like you all to welcome on this
cheerful morning of this Independence Day, we all have gathered to celebrate 71st Independence Day. It is a
national holiday we all in our country. Today is a day on which India became free from the clutches of
Britishers on 15th August 1947. We are here to celebrate it today.

National Anthem and Unfurling of the flag:

Very soon, we are going to unfurl India's flag. It will be followed by the national Anthem. I request the
Chairman of the society to unfurl the flag.
Now let's sing the national anthem along with the band group.
Thank you all. You can take your seats.
Main Events: Now I request Shri Anna Hazare to come on the stage and honour the sacrifice of the
freedom fighters who gave their blood and life for our independence and made it possible for us. Give a big
round of applause to all the dignitaries present on the stage.
We Indians have sacrificed our youths and their life to earn the independence for our country. We followed
the footsteps of Mahatma Gandhiji and followed his principle of non-violence and truth. Finally, on 15th
August 1947 Britishers left our country and we became free country. Now I request, the chief guest Shri
Anna Hazare to guide us by his speech. Welcome the chief guest Anna Hazare with big round of applause.
Thank you very much sir for your speech and guiding us. Here some members of the society too would like
to share their views.
I request Mr. Fernandes to come forward and say few words. Please welcome him.
Thank you, Mr. Fernandes.
Now a group of boys and girls from our complex would like to present a group patriotic song, welcome
them with a big round of applause.
Thank you, boys and girls, for such patriotic song.

Felicitation of social workers: Now, I request, our chief guest Shri Anna Hazare to honour our
city social worker Mr. Sudhanshu Raut for his constant work for the benefit of the people. Thank you very
much sir, for honouring him. It will inspire him to work more energetically.

Vote of Thanks: Toady on the occasion of Independence Day we take a pledge of remaining a non-
corrupt person and an honest citizen of our country to make it strong and powerful. In the end I salute you
all for making the programme successful. Thank you all. Happy Independence Day.
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185
3) The annual social function of your junior college will be held next week on your college campus.
Your friend and you have selected to compère the inauguration function of the programme. Prepare
a script for the same with the help of the following points:

• Introduction
• Welcoming the guests
• Lighting the traditional lamp
• Inauguration of the annual function
• Keynote address
• Felicitation of successful students
• Presidential address
• Vote of Thanks!

Ans: Introduction : A hearty good morning to one and all. I Neha Sharma along with my co-host Megha
Kaushik on behalf of the whole, We would like to extend a warm welcome to our respected dignitaries,
principal sir our beloved teachers and friends. Today is indeed a special day for our college as we are
celebrating the 29th annual social function. We have a day packed with entertainment and amusement
planned for you. So without further ado, request my friend Megha, to join me in welcoming our guest of
honour for today.

Welcoming the guests : Thank you Neha, am really excited to see all you lovely people today and how the
day unfolds. But before we start, I request you all to please give a big round of applause to our chief quest
for today, Mr. Kedar Kumar. (pause for the applause). Mr. Kumar, is a former athlete whose contribution
and achievements in the field of sports have been inspirational. He has represented India at various sporting
events. He has proved to be a role model of many young athletes of our country. Weare forever grateful for
gracing us with your presence.

Lighting the traditional lamp: Like every other auspicious occasion. Let's start this event by seeking the
blessings of our creator. I would like to invite our esteemed guest Mr. Kumar along with our beloved
principal on stage to light the lamp. (Lighting the lamp).
Thank you

Inauguration of the annual function:

Let's all get ready to witness and celebrate some insane talent and creativity. To kick-start the event, please
welcome on stage with loud cheers the students of the Cultural Club who are sure going to mesmerize us
with the dancing skills. (performance)
That was indeed an enthrall performance. After that breath-taking dance performance let us soothe our ears
with some scintillating music. Please welcome on stage with a huge round of applause our college band
"Dhun who are going to sway us with some songs of the 80s golden era.(performance)

The performance was so energetic that the claps and hooting just don't seem to end. A big round of applause
for the performers.

Keynote address : I would now like to call upon stage our distinguished chief guest Mr. Kumar to share
with us a few words and grace as with his thoughts and experiences.
Thank you fir for sharing your precious words of wisdom. I am sure all of us students present today are
inspired by your message.

Felicitation of successful students: Now it's time to acknowledge the talent of our hard-working students.
Their performance and activities during the year, a struggle for excellence have made us proud for having
such determined students

I'd now like to call upon stage, a well-respected personality who needs no introduction, our honourable
principal to felicitate these students (Felicitation event)

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Presidential address: I'd request the audience to please remain seated. Our honourable principal sir will
now address the audience. (Principal's speech)
Thank you sir for creating a fun and safe environment for our colleagues and students. We are lucky to have
you as our principal. I am sure the struggle and hard work that you put in every day won't go unnoticed.
Thank you for everything.

Vote of thanks: In the end, I want to thank our guest of honour, principal, parents, students who made this
day a memorable and enjoyable day. All the participants, organizer and performers without whose support,
this event wouldn't have been possibles
Thank you all for everything and wish you all the best!

**************************

4) Imagine that you are a compere of Annual Sports Day inauguration function of your college.
Write a script for the same. Make use of the following points.

• Introduction- a brief introduction of the programme/function

• Lighting of baton torch
• Welcome song
• Welcome speech- Principal's speech, welcome of the guest, guest's speech
• Inauguration of the sports day
• Vote of thanks

Ans. Introduction to the sports day and welcome: A school sports day is a red-letter day on
the calendar. It is a day when students are freed from their classrooms to jump and run around, freed from
the fetters of learning. It is a day for mothers and fathers to cheer on their sons and daughters. Moreover,
Sports Day is a day for celebrating the spirit of sportsmanship. So let’s begin the Annual Sports Day with
lots of enthusiasm, passion, and vigor. Sports are one of the most happening thrills of life. Sports are
something that teaches us humanity, dedication and leadership, discipline. We all know that any sport is
good not only for health but for spirit too. Playing a sport is a winning combination both figuratively and
literally and that is why we lay special focus on awakening the sports talent of the students and display the
same at Annual Sports Day.

Flag Hoisting: Let's start our Annual Sports Day with flag hoisting. I would like to call our Chief Guest
Mr. Mohan Dahikar DCP Mumbai, Director of sports Mr. Rajesh Kumar. Principal DR. Vijay Patil to hoist
the pride of our college sports flag. Please join us in hoisting sports flag and display our respect towards it.
Thank you so much everyone.
Oath Ceremony: May our flag keep soaring high and our sports activities continue to get glamour? It is a
time to show our commitment and determination into the oath. Let me call our head boy Avinash Morefor
oath taking ceremony. Will everybody please stand up and repeat the oath after Avinash more?
I must acknowledge that indeed it was a lovely scene. It was full of vim and vigour.
Lighting of the Torch: Light symbolizes power, strength, and hope. So, I would like to invite our Chief
guest to please light the torch and commence the events of the day.

Welcome of the guest: Let me invite our Principal Sir to welcome the guest and address students about
sports achievements of our students.
Thank you very much sir for you wise words and appreciation.
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Now I invite our Chief Guest DCP Mohan Dahikar sir for to address us and who has found time out of his
busy schedule and graced us on our annual sports day. We are extremely privileged to have him with us.
Let's welcome sir for his address.
Sir, we are really lucky to hear words of wisdom from you. Indeed, it was a mesmerizing speech for us all
and will boost our confidence in our life.
Vote of Thanks:
I now call upon our Sports Secretary to give vote of thanks. National Anthem: It is a time to bring an end to
the inaugural function. Can we all stand up and pay our tribute by singing national anthem of our country.
********************

5) Imagine that you have been entrusted to compere the ceremonial flag hoisting programme by your
district administration on the occasion of the formal Republic Day'. On the occasion of the formal
Republic Day function at your district headquarters. Prepare a script for compering of the ceremony with
the help of the following points. Use some good thoughts and inspiring quotations.

• Introduction
• Welcoming all the VIPs
• Flag hoisting by the Guardian Minister Speech by the Guardian Minister
• March past by the police and NCC troops.
• Conclusion of the formal ceremony
Introduction
Good morning ladies and gentlemen, I am Neha Mehta and I would like to extend a warm welcome to you
all at the District Administration’s ceremonial Republic day event. How blessed this morning in where we
are gathered to celebrate India's 72nd Republic Day. Ours is one of the largest constitutions on the planet.
After the amendment of the constitution, India finally became the "Republic of India” on the 26th January
in the year 1950. 26th January was selected as the Republic day for India since it was on this day in 1930
that the Indian National Congress broadcasted the Declaration of Indian Independence (Poorna Swaraaj)
opposing the Dominion Status offered by the British Regime.
Welcoming the VIP
On that note, I would like to extend a warm welcome to our district's honourable Guardian Minister District
head, Educational director and to at the extremel guests present here today. The organizing team is forever
grateful for gracing us with your presence.
Today's day it in the honour of the great legends and those heroic souls who sacrificed their valuable lives
forIndia.
Flag hoisting and National Anthem by the Guardian Minister: The Indian Rag serves as a national
treasure. It embodies the beauty of our magnanimous country. Hence, every year on the occasion of Indian
Republic Day, the color is hoisted. Our National flag, as we all know, comprises of three colors and a blue
wheel in the centre. All three colors of our national flag have a specific meaning to them. At the top, the
saffron color of the flag denotes strength and courage. The white color is the middle stands for truth and
peace. The green color at the botom signifies growth and prosperity. The navy blue wheel in the centre
having 24 equal spokes is the Ashoka Chakra. Just like the tricolor, I am sure that our National Anthem
resides in the heart of every Indan with pride. So let us begin today's celebration by the flag hoisting
ceremony. I request our honourable Guardian Minister to do the honour of hoisting the flag. I request the
audience to stand up for the flag hoisting and the National Anthem. (Flag hoisting ceremony)
Thank you so much. All of you may take your seats now.

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Guardian Minister's speech : I request our respected Guardian minister to say a few words and mark the
beginning of today's joyous celebrations. Please give a huge round of applause. (Guardian Minister's
speech)
Thank you so much, for your wise words.
March past : And now for the most awaited part of the ceremony. I request our Heroes, the Police force
and NCC troops to come forward for the March past. (march-past ceremony) I extend a huge salute to our
heroes who make our lives safer and better every day.
Conclusion : Let's salute our nation on this Republic Day with freedom as our credo, strength in our
purpose, pureness in our pursuit, compassion in our souls and passion in our hearts. Let's conclude today's
event with a promise to unfurl India's opulence. Thank you

6) Imagine, you are given an opportunity to compere a programme at your college based on 'English
Language Day’. As a compere, draft the whole programme script deciding the flow of the overall
programme. You may take help of the given hints:

• prayer/introduction song
• welcome & introduction
• felicitation, speaker's participation
• presidential address
• vote of thanks
• any other important points
Welcome and introduction : Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, On behalf of our college, I extend a very
warm and heartfelt welcome to all of you present here today. Today, on the occasion of English Language
day, we present to you an evening of knowledge combined with lots of fun.
Prayer/introduction song : Let us pray that the light of education conquers the darkness of differences,
injustice, and violence in the world and leads us together on a path of progress, equality, and freedom. I call
upon our beloved Principal to light the lamp and inaugurate today's evening with the blessings of the
Goddess of Knowledge. (Lighting of the lamp)
Thank you everyone, I now request Ms. Sneha Kumar from the Arts Culture Club to come on stage and
begin the event with a devotional singing performance. (Singing performance)
About the event : English is the official and primary language in around 53 nations and is the first language
of around 400 million individuals around the world. That's not all. According to the British Council, around
two billion individuals on the planet speak and understand English. It gives you an open way to the world
and assists you with speaking and interacting with people worldwide. Be it in India or in any other corner of
the world, you can communicate with others easily with the help of English. That's why it's called the
Universal language.
• Event 1. That being said, we would like to introduce you to the mesmerizing world of English literature
and language with poetry recitation by the students of our college. (Poetry recitation) That was indeed
wonderful. Please give the wonderful students a huge round of applause.
• Event 2- Let's go ahead with our competitions for today. We start with the elocution competition. Each
participant is given 3 minutes to speak on the allotted topic. I request all the participants to assemble at the
back of the stage. The instructions will be provided by the respective class teachers. I wish all the best to
each participant. (Elocution competition)
Next we have the debate competition. Request all the students who have registered their names to assemble
back-stage. Each team will be given three constructive speeches and three rebuttals. Wishing luck to all the
teams. May the best team win.(Debate competition)
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Felicitation: We now know the role English plays in our personal and professional lives, all thanks to the
amazing students and their hard work. Let's give a loud applause to all the participants today. I would like to
invite our Principal Dr. Das to felicitate the participants and winners of today's competitions (Felicitation
event)
Presidential address: As we come closer to the end of this beautiful and knowledge-filled evening, I would
like to invite the President of the Literature Club to address the audience and share a few words of wisdom.
Thank you so much, for your wise words
Vote of thanks : Today's fun-filled evening was only successful due to the dedication and hard work of the
entire team of students and the teachers, who guided them through every step. I take this opportunity to
thank each and every member of the organizing committee for their brilliant efforts. I thank our Principal
and teachers for their continuous support. Last, but not least, thank you audience for being so supportive
and responsive.
*******************
7) Imagine that you are a compere of 'Reading Day Programmes' at your school to mark the birth
anniversary of Dr A. P.J. Abdul Kalam. Prepare a script for the same with the help of following points.
• Introduction.
• Importance of the Day. .
• Reading for pleasure and profit.
• Speech by your principal.
• Different activities and felicitation of winners.

Ans: Good morning everyone. I, am Riya Mehta warmly welcome you to our school's ‘Reading Day
program’,organised to honour the legacy of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam on the occasion of his birth
anniversary.
Introduction: Before we begin today's program, let me tell you a little about the man behind this
inspiration. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India and is popularly known
as the Missile man of India. He was also the recipient of India’s highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna. His
hard work and will-power made him so special despite coming from a humble background. He strived hard
for for his goals and worked towards every success that he ever dreamt of. He transformed India into a
better nation. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was fond of children, and had a heart of gold.
He said, ‘You cannot change your future, but you can change your habits, and surely your habits will
change your future." Reading is a powerful tool of change. And so to stand by Abdul Kalam's words, let's
begin today's Reading day program.
Importance of the day/Reading for pleasure and profit: I believe all of us today love reading; be a
newspaper column or a good book and if not, it's never too late. Reading is the best hobby to inculcate. A
book has the power to transform your life. It enhances one’s vocabulary and fluency along with giving a
treasure of knowledge. It helps build positivity and helps with self-improvement. Reading helps in
increasing your attention span, and helps to mould your personality. Reading also helps develop
professional skills, taking your career and professional life higher.
Principal speech : Now, I'd now like to call upon the stage, a well-respected personality who needs no
introduction, our honourable principal to share a few inspiring words and thoughts about this day with all of
us. (Principal's speech)
Thank you for your motivating words ma'am. We are lucky to have you as our principal.
Different activities: Let's go ahead with our competitions for today. We start with the elocution
competition. Each participant is given 3 minutes to speak on the allotted topic, Frequest all the participants
to assemble at the back of the stage. The instructions will be provided by the respective class teachers. I
190
wish all the best to each participant. (Elecution competition) Next we have the debate competition Request
all the students who have registered their names to assemble back-stage. Each team will be given three
constructive speeches and three rebuttals, Wishing luck to all the teams, May the best team win. (Debate
competition)
Felicitation: We now commence with the felicitation ceremony of today's event. I request our English
Head, Mr. Arora to come forward and felicitate the participants and winners for their collective and honest
efforts (Felicitation event)
Vote of thanks: As we come towards the end of today's celebration, I would like to extend my gratitude to
our Principal. Teachers and to the audience for making today’s programme a huge success.
Thank you.
***************
8) Imagine, you are given an opportunity to compere a programme organised at your college with
reference to “Yoga Day". As a compere, draft the whole programime script deciding the flow of the
overall programme. You may take help of the given hints:

• Prayer/welcome song, introduction

• Felicitation, yoga demonstration
• Presidential address
• Vote of thanks
• Any other important points.
Ans: Prayer/welcome song: Good morning, respected principal ma'am, teachers and my dear friends.
Today, we have gathered here on this beautiful day to celebrate World Yoga day. Let's begin our day by
seeking the blessings of our creator which will be followed by a welcome song performed by the first year
students of the Arts departments. (Prayer and song)
Introduction: To give you all a brief background of this day, International Yoga Day was proposed by none
other than our Honorable Prime Minister at the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. The first
international Yoga Day was observed on the 21st of June 2015. The response received was massive and
since then every year 21st June has been observed as International Yoga Day worldwide.
Yoga demonstration: On that note, I'd like to call upon stage, the sports head of our college. Mr. Mehta,
who is also a certified Yoga instructor, to demonstrate a few yoga asanas. The students are requested to
spread the yoga mats and follow sir as he does the asanas. (Yoga demonstrate)
Felicitation: Now it's time to acknowledge the talent of our hard working students. It gives me immense
pleasure and pride in informing all of you that the football team of our college has been practising yoga
regularly and it has helped them to excel not only in the class but also on the field. Recently, the team
brought laurels to our college by bagging the first position in the Adidas football league. I'd again request
Mr. lyer to come forward and felicitate them for their determination and commitment. (Felicitation event)
Presidential address: I'd now like to call upon stage, a well-respected personality who needs no
introduction, our honourable principal Ma'am to share her thoughts and inspiring words on this wonderful
occasion. (Principal speech)
Any other important points: : Thank you for your motivating words ma’am. We are lucky to have you as
our principal. I am sure each one of us present here will take home the message of practicing yoga daily,
regardless of age group. Yoga helps us in staying fit and healthy. Practising Yoga has a bundle of benefits
linked to it. It brings a positive change in one's mental health too.
Vote of thanks: I would like to conclude today's programme by thanking each and every member of the
organizing committee for their continuous effort and hard-work. Our Principal and teachers for their
continuous support. Last, but not least, thank you to the audience, for being so supportive and responsive.
191
9) Imagine that you, Archana, are a compere of the 'Teachers' day' function in your college. Write a
script for the same. You can take the help of the following points:
(1) Introduction - A brief introduction of the programme/ function/show
(2) Welcome speech - welcome of all the guests; felicitation of the guests (Principal, vice-principal,
etc.)
(3) Lighting the lamp
(4) Welcome song
(5) Main events
(6) Vote of thanks.
Ans. (1) Introduction: Archana (Main Compere): Good morning to all present here today on this extremely
special occasion, Teacher's Day Celebrations. I am Archana Dixit, the Cultural Secretary. I welcome all of
you and hope that you will enjoy the short programme we have organized. I now request Anuj Govilkar the
secretary of our Literary Club, to start the programme with a welcome speech.
(2) Welcome speech: Anuj: Respected Principal and our beloved teachers, I wish you a very good morning
and extend a warm welcome to all of you. Today, September 5th, is the birth anniversary of our former
President. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, who himself was a teacher par excellence. This day is celebrated all over
India as Teachers’ day, when we express our gratitude to you, our teachers for guiding us, helping us and
tolerating us. We also take this opportunity to apologize for all the mischief we have been up to, and all the
trouble we have caused you during the year. (End of speech)
(3) Lighting the lamp: Archana: Thank you, Anuj. To proceed I now request our Principal to please light
the lamp, along with our G.S., Rohan Shetty. (Lighting of the lamp.) Thank you. Now we will go ahead
with the programme.
(4) Welcome song: Archana : We have decided to keep it light and entertaining, and the first item is a group
song 'Medley' by the college music team, 'Sitare'.
(5) Skit: A big thanks and a huge round of applause for our music team! Thank you for your wonderful
performance. Now we go on to the next item, which is a skit titled "Then and now” depicting the behaviour
of students and teachers in the bygone days and today
Dance: Archana : That was a lovely skit, wasn't it? A round of applause for our actors! Thank you. Let us
now welcome our college dance team, "Gyrations. They will entertain you with a mind-blowing
synchronized dance item. So please sit and welcome our college team, Gyrations. That was indeed mind-
blowing! We are now at the end of our short programme, which I hope our beloved teachers have enjoyed. 1
invite our treasurer, Meeta Shah, to give the vote of thanks.
(6) Vote of thanks: Meeta: On behalf of all the students of our college. I would like to thank our respected
Principal and our teachers for their enthusiasm and encouragement. It was indeed nice that for a change, we
could help you to sit back and relax, while we did the work! I also thank Mr. Apte, for arranging the mics
and speakers, Mr. Tiwari for the lights and Mr. Shaikh for opening the auditorium at odd hours to enable us
to practise. Our thanks to friends for helping out backstage and with other arrangements. And last but not
the least, our thanks to the canteen manager for arranging the snacks in the canteen at short notice. Thank
you one and all.

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 REVIEW
Q.1. Write a review of a film that you have recently seen. Write your review based on any four points
given below.
• Name of the characters. (main and supporting roles)
• About the story/ theme of the film.
• Why did you like or not like the film.
• Special features/novelties/novel deas
• Music/dance/songs/action/direction
• Should others watch this film/would you recommend your friend/s to enjoy it/ watch this film/why?

Ans. SHOLAY
Sholay is a 1975 classic Bollywood blockbuster. There are many factors which have contributed in making
of this movie as a super hit movie in the history of Indian theatres. Starting with an A- ok cast showing
Dharmendra as the playful Veeru, Amitabh Bacchan as the witty Jai, Sanjeev Kumar as the revengeful
Thakur Baldev Singh, Hema Malini as the Yapper Basanti and Jaya Bhaduri as the quiet widow Radha and
Amjad Khan as the notorious Gabbar Singh.

This movie is written by well-known duo of Hindi Salim -Javed famous for works such as Deewar, Mr.
India, Zanjeer etc. Sholay was produced by G. P. Sippy and directed by Ramesh Sippy. Music maestro is
R.D. Burman the man behind the movies background score. His songs such as "Mehbooba" and "Holi ke
Din" are listened even today with same love and affection by all music lovers. The timeless song on the
bond of friendship "Ye Dosti" is popular even among today's youngsters. Composed of good plot, Sholay is
a movie well told. The bold characters depict how a retired policeman, with the help of two smart con men,
plan the downfall of a wicked dacoit. Interwoven within the story are instances of humour, action and
melodrama. With a Mausi's shrewd remark, Soorma Bhopali's impeccable Bhopali accent, and a comical
jailor from angrezo ka jamana, Sholay makes for a good laugh.

A celebrated movie in the Indian cinema, many of its dialogues have become a part of our lingo, and even a
way of life! Haven't we all heard the phrase" Jo dar gay samjo mar gaya "at some point in our lives? All
actors' performance is up to the mark, making even the role of Kalia and Sambha significant. Amjad Khan,
who gained popularity after the villainous role in the movie, has portrayed the daring Gabbar singh aptly.
All the lead actors also deserve a round of applause. The movie was shot in Ramnaagram near Banglore,
sometimes fondly reminds as Sippynagar. Keeping in mind the technology of the time sholay especially in
action sequences is very well directed, owing to a commendable cinematography. No wonder it was one of
the highest grossing movies of its time.

Over all, the movie is a first rate, a must watch for all. Being a perfect blend of all cinematic elements, it
offers thorough entertainment. All the movie buffs out there, don't miss it! For thos who plan on not
watching it...... tera kya hoga kalia.

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Q.2. As a part of the child film festival your college had arranged a screening of some films made for
the children. Write a review of one of the films based on the theme of children with special needs Use
some of the points given below to write your review.

• Title of the film and its importance.

• The star cast.
• The central idea of the film.
• Performance by the actors
• Protagonist (Main character) of the film.
• The message given in the film.
• Your opinion and recommendations

Ans: Title of the film and its importance: It is rare to find a good film that enlightens the mind and soul.
‘Taare Zameen Par' is one such gem. Written by Amole Gupte and directed by Aamir Khan, the film which
is aptly titled is an eye opener, throwing light upon dyslexia and the struggles of a dyslexic child.

The star cast/ Performance by the actors/ Protagonist (Main character) of the film: The entire cast
contributed to the film's success and committed to their parts with brilliance. Darsheel Salary plays the role
of a dyslexic kid. His parents, played by Tisca Chopra and Vipin Sharma, are old-school, strict and unaware
of his struggle. Aamir Khan is the gentle yet encouraging teacher of Ram Shankar Nikumbh. The
supporting actors such as Ishaan's only friend Rajan Damodaran (Tanay Cheda) and his elder brother Yohan
(Sachet Engineer) helped the main characters at their best. The cast made the movie heart touching and
brought the emotions to life

The central idea of the film: The film explores Ishaar's journey as he is put to boarding school after
performing terribly at school. The friendship between Ishaan and his teacher Ram is priceless and the
emotions they share are enough to make the toughest person cry. The pair is unique, and both teach each
other important life lessons. Ishaan finally receives the love and support he deserves, which makes him
overcome his demons and rediscover his lost confidence.

The message given in the the film: revolves around a dyslexic young boy trying to fit in. It highlights the
neurological language processing disorder that affects a child's learning and information processing ability.
The movie displays how dyslexia and other learning disabilities are negatively perceived in our society,
making it difficult for children to accept and grow through it. The movie points fingers at the oppression
towards special children, and aims at inducing more open and comfortable conversations revolving around
these topics, it also highlights the importance of creativity in academics for every held. The messages are
strong and powerful, yet kind and gentle. The movie brings out an emotional message of being more
compassionate towards our children

You opinion and recommendations: The film is heart-breaking in the beginning, but the twist in the tale in
the form of Nikumbh sir is magical. It is a highly informative film, apart from being wonderfully
entertaining, and is a must watch for everyone.

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Q.3. You have recently read a book. Write a 'Review' on the same with the help of the
following points:
• Title of the book
• Subject/Story/information
• Language/Style/Presentation
• Benefits/Message

Ans: Title of the book: ‘The Room on the Roof’ by Ruskin Bond.

Subject/Story/Information: The story in this book is about an orphaned boy named Rusty. He is a sad and
lonely boy, living with his guardian, Mr. Harrison. Rusty, in his search for an identity, dares to venture out
of the house and ends up making new friends. He is finally left homeless by Harrison and this is when he
realises what it means to be an orphan in the truest sense. Rusty's friend comes to his rescue when he lands
Rusty a job to teach English. Things are fine for a while, after which a strange sequence of events occur and
Rusty ends up homeless again. This time he is on the verge of leaving for England, when his student,
Kishen, stops him and together they decide to begin life afresh on a new note.

The story about the Anglo Indian teenager, Rusty, bears a striking resemblance to its writer, Ruskin Bond's
life. Despite Ruskin's pain at his parent’s separation and a lonely childhood, he developed an optimistic
outlook on life much like Rusty does in the story. It is this search for freedom, identity and friends by a
teenager, that creates the context and the plot for the story.

Language/style/Presentation: Ruskin Bond has a certain poetic style of writing. His of words and
placement of imagery provide for an interesting, yet lucid read. Particularly fascinating is the narrative
when the boy finds himself in a dilemma over living in India or England. Ruskin is very descriptive and
hence uses many adjectives to support his writing which make his works delightful to read. He has also
cleverly conveyed in the novel how strangers can become a part and parcel of one's life by being kind and
warm in our interactions with people. Rusty, the central character in the novel, uses this same idea to make
friends for life.

Benefit/Message: I love this book because of its simple style and the picture it paints of a young teenage
boy that I can relate to because we are of the same generation. I also like the multiple emotions depicted
beautifully by the author in this piece. The book shares a beautiful message to have an open mind and
embrace the uncertainties in life. These experiences will help one understand the world better.

4. You have recently watched a 05-minute video on YouTube titled "Interesting places to visit".
Write a Review' on the same with the help of the following points:

• Type/Purpose of the video

• Content Presentation and Organisation of the video
• Video Presentation & Graphics
• Benefits/Message

Ans: Type/Purpose of the video: The video titled "Interesting places to visit" by the YouTuber Archana
Singh (Channel name "Travel, See, Write') is about the most interesting places to visit in India. It is a 5-
minute video that has a list of seven of India's most interesting places, and a detailed guide about each of
them. The video is informative and provides insight regarding the stay, transport food, people and other
factors about each of those locations. The purpose of the video is to provide adequate information required
to anyone looking to travel to any of the seven locations.

Content Presentation and Organisation of the video: The video is aesthetic and appealing to look at. The
vivid and beautiful landscapes have been gracefully captured by the YouTuber. Each location is presented
in around 35-45 seconds with a lively voiceover. Additional tips, ideas or suggestions have also been
included to provide assistance to new travelers.
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Video Presentation & Graphics: The high quality videos are presented with multiple aerial shots, time-
lapses, slow motions as well as underwater shots. A drone has also been used to capture the locations with
an aerial view, doing justice to the beauty arid serenity of nature. The transitions and graphics between the
different shots are artistic.

Benefits/Message: The video is aimed at providing guidance and suggestions to its viewers. It successfully
promotes tourism in India and explores India's finest gems.

5. You have recently read a famous magazine. Write a Review on the same with the help of the
following points:
• Title of the magazine
• Subject and Content
• Language/Style/Presentation
• Special features/Attractions

Ans: Title of the magazine: Wanderlust is a British travel magazine that is published ten times a year. It
focuses on covering adventurous, cultural and feature travel. The magazine stands by its name and is the
perfect read for the wanderlust in each one of us.

Subject and Content: It is one of the world's leading magazines that covers travel, culture, wildlife activities
and other information. The magazine explores famous and hidden gems of earth's most beautiful
picturesque and interesting places to travel. It provides research material for anyone planning a trip. It
provides inspiration and ideas for trips, with all the necessary details required. It also includes tips and tricks
on several travel and tourism related topics. The magazine includes photography tips and ideas too. The
magazine also hosts various travel-related contests and competition, allowing readers to win free trips,
weekend getaways and all sorts of travel guides and gear

Language/Style/Presentation: The language of the magazine is simple yet engaging. It is suitable for
everyone, including new readers or travellers with little to no knowledge. The magazine focuses on
maintaining an effective manner of description while being relevant and concise. The magazine is filled
with the most scenic shots of the location, aptly surrounded by all the necessary information

Special features/Attractions: The magazine additionally provides personal reviews regarding travel gear,
books, and films as well as travel events and festivals. It also includes celebrity interviews with some of the
top celebrities in the travel, wildlife industry.

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196
 BLOG WRITING

1) Write a Blog' in a proper format on "Cycling-A better way to Commute, with the help of the
following points. (100-150 words)

• Safety equipment
• Road safety rules
• Benefits

2) Write a 'Blog' in a proper format on Safety Measures, with the help of the following points. (100-
150 words)

• Need and Purpose

• Safety equipment and use
• Safety action plan
• Management and Implementation
• Advice/Suggestion/Guidance
• Safety Measures

3) Write a 'Blog' in a proper format on ‘Positivity in life’, with the help of the following points. (100-
150 words)

• Hurdles/Problems in life.
• Accepting facts and flaws
• Reorganisation/Restart
• Human instinct/Fight back
• Will to Win.

4) Write a 'Blog' in a proper format on ‘Recipeof my favourite dish’, with the help of the following
points. (100-150 words)

5) Write a 'Blog' in a proper format on ‘Child labour’, with the help of the following points. (100-150
words)

6) Write a 'Blog' in a proper format on ‘Health and Fitness’, with the help of the following points.
(100-150 words)

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 4.1: HISTORY OF NOVEL
Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the sentence:
i. Eighteenth century gifted mankind with….
a) Drama and poetry
b) Novel and drama
c) Poetry and novel
d) Novel and periodical essays
ii. Novel soon became dominant literary genre as it ….
a) Helped people to live a more purposeful life.
b) Caught the intellectual, sentimental and realistic spirit.
c) Grew gradually and gained popularity.
d) All of these.

iii. Indian writers in English Novel initially wrote about the theme of …..
a) Domestic violence.
b) Nationalistic and Social virtues.
c) Scientific theories.
d) Psychological insights.
iv. Gothic novel contains …….
a) Terror and supernatural.
b) Mystery and thriller.
c) Horror and haunted buildings.
d) All of these.

v. Detective fiction is ….
a) A sub-genre of crime fiction.
b) Agatha Christie mastered the art of crime fiction.
c) Detectives can be professional or amateur.
d) Protagonist is a necessarily an eccentric person

2. Fill in the blanks by choosing correct alternative.

1) A novel is relatively a..................... narrative. (Short / long /descriptive)

2) English word “Novel‟ is derived from the Italian word …………. (Novella, Novelle, Novellus)
3) Geoffrey Chaucer wrote ……. (Morte De Arthur, The Canterbury Tales, Tale of Genji)
4) The Tale of Genji by Muraski Shikabu was published in the year ……..… (1010, 1605, 1050, 1600)

5) “The Pilgrims Progress” is a Novel written by ….….. (John Bunyan, Aphra Behn, Daniel Defoe)
6) ……………is the pioneer of the “Stream of Consciousness” novel. (Agatha Christie, Jane Austen,
Virginia Woolf)
7) The first Indian English novel “Rajmohan’s wife” was written by ……… (Mulkraj Anand, R.K.Narayan,
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya)
8) Joseph Conrad wrote the novella named as ……. (Billy Budd, The Heart of Darkness, Pearl)
9) Science fiction is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with …........... (Futuristic settings, death and
decay, earlier period than of writing)
10) The famous trio of Indian writers is ………… (Mulkraj Anand, R.K.Narayan, Raja Rao / Amitav
Ghosh, Manohar Malgaonkar, Mulkraj Anand / Amitav Ghosh ,R.K.Narayan, Arvind Adiga)
11) The reader follows the actions of one main character throughout the novel and this character is referred
to as the (narrator, protagonist, speaker)
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12)………………… is the central idea of the novel which can be expressed in a nutshell. (Conflict,
character, setting, theme)
13) Utopian is an ………………….. community or society possessing the ideal qualities. (real, historical,
imaginary, social)
14)……………….. Fiction is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts.
(Imaginative, Historical, Science, Psychological)

15) The Periodical Essay and Novel are the gifts of …………. (18th century/ 17th century /19th century)
16) A Novel is relatively a …………. (a short narrative fiction/ a long narrative fiction / a fiction of
moderate length)
17) The industrial revolution gave birth to ………. (poor class/ middle class/ rich class)
18) Appearance of newspaper in 18th century attracted a large number of readers from ……….. (poor class/
middle class/ rich class)
19) Rise of Novel as a literary genre resulted in lowering the importance of ……………… (poetry/ drama/
Drama and Poetry)
20) Salman Rushdie, V. S. Naipaul, Kazuo Ishigura are ……….. (Indian authors/ immigrant
authors/writers of Indian origin)
21) A novel is a relatively long narrative fiction which describes intimate human experience normally in a
…………………………….. (poetry form, prose form , novel form)
22) A Novella, the word originated from the Italian word.................. (novella, novel, novella)
23) …………………….. century has gifted English literature two new forms named 'The periodical
Essays' and 'Novel'. (16th. 17th, 18th, 19th)
24) The novel is a literary genre has a history of about.... years. (One thousand years, five hundred years,
two thousand years)
25) After 1740 in ............. novel originated as literary form. (England, France, Rome India)
26) A Novella, is a type of prose fiction, which is a shorter than a full length longer than short story. (play,
poem, novel, detective story)

27) The...... ......... novel is based on the life of the author. (biographical, historical, dystopian,
autobiographical)
28) In the first half of the 20th century a cult of ……........ (science fiction, allegorical novel, epistolary
novel, pulp magazine) became popular.
29) Frankenstein' by Mary Shelly is considered the first novel based on……………… (Crime and
investigation, emotions and psychology, stream of consciousness, science and technology)
30) The Spanish word 'Picaro' means……….. (adventure, rogue, horror, death)
31The characters in the ……………………. Novel interact with other characters and undergo plausible and
everday experiences. ( realistic / utopian)
32) A ……………….. novel narrates the adventures of the protagonist, who is eccentric or a disreputable
person, in an episodic for. (Picaresque / Realistic)
33) The ………………. Novel is about an imaginary community or society possessing the ideal qualities.
(Dystopian/ Picaresque)

34) In the ……………………… novel, the novelist narrates the character’s thoughts as they enter the mind
of the character. (Stream of Consciousness/ utopian)

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3. Write in chronological order
a) Murasaki Shikibu‟s Tale of Genji
b) Greek Romances
c) The appearance of magazines and newspapers
d) Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales
Ans: (b, a, c, d)
a) Industrial Revolution
b) Drama and Poetry started fading away
c) Novel gained popularity
d) The rise of middle class
Ans: (a, d, c, b)

3. Given below are some novels, events and writers of Indian English.
Arrange them in chronological order. (d, a, b, c)
a) Rise of famous Indian Trio
b) Nayantara Sahgal, Arun Joshi, Manohar Malgaonkar
c) Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Kiran Nagarkar
d) Rajmohan’s Wife by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
Ans: (d, a, b, c)
4. Given below are some Novels in English literature. Arrange them in their order of their
appearance.
a) The Pilgrim’s Progress and Oroonaku
b) Ecologues and Morte De Arthur
c) Pamela and Gulliver‟s Travels
d) The Tale of Genji and Don Quxiote
Ans: (b, d, a, c)

4. State whether the following sentences are True or False:

1) Novel is recognized as the most dominant literary genre in modern times. True
2) A Novel is relatively a short narrative. False
3) “Tale of Genji” is described as world’s first novel. True
4) Middle class people had a little interest in romances and tragedies. True
5) Novel gave voice to the aspirations and longings of middle class. True
6) The women novelists haven’t contributed significantly in English Literature. False
7) Novella is greater in length than Novel. False
8) Setting doesn’t affect plot or characters. False
9) The struggle in opposite forces in a story is called as conflict. True
10) Epistolary Novel is a series of correspondence, other documents and diary entries as well. True
11) The novel as a literary genre has a history of about two thousand years. True
12) 18th century new readers from the middle class had more interest in romances and tragedies. False
13) The Pilgrim's Progress', by John Banyan (1678) and 'Oroonoka, by Aphra Behn (1688). True
14) There are five elements essential of "Novel' or 'Novella. False
15) The novel as a literary genre has a history of about two thousand years. True
16) After 1840, novel originated as the literary form in England. False
17) Rajmohan's Wife', by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya serialised in The Indian Field' was the first
novel in English written by an Indian. True
18) There are five elements essential of Novel' or 'Novella". False
19) Novel makes life easier to understand than in drama and poetry. True
20) Agatha Christie wrote many novels based on politics. False
21) Plot is essentially the story or the course of events that make up the theme. True
22) The realistic novel is a fiction that gives the effect fantasy. False

206
23) Setting describes the behaviour of the characters in the story. False
25) The main character in the story is referred to as the ‘novella’. False
26) The struggle between the opposite forces in the story is called ‘conflict.’ True
27) Theme is the central idea in the novel which can be expressed in a nutshell. True
28) The plot and character are affected due to the setting. True
29) ‘Plot’ is the narrative style of the author. False
30) Character' describes the behaviour of the characters in the story. True
31) The main character in the story is referred to as the 'novella'. False
32) The struggle between the opposite forces in the story is called 'antagonism'. False
33) 'Theme' is the central idea in the novel which can be expressed in a nutshell. True

5. Match the following:

A ANSWER
1 Theme Theme philosophical statement, a central idea
2 Plot Course of the events
3 Character can be a thumbnail or deep detailed sketch
4 Setting the background of the story
5 Conflict the struggle in between opposite forces
6 Language, Style techniques of the narration
7 Agatha Christie crime fiction
8 William James stream of consciousness
9 George Eliot psychological novel
10 Mary Shelley science-based novels
11 Virginia Woolf stream of consciousness
12 Frances Burney novel of manners
13 Ann Radcliffe gothic novels
14 Rise of the middle-class Industrial Revolution
15 The spirit of realism and denial of romanticism Novel as a literary genre
16 Novel and periodical essay 18th century literature
17 The tales of Greek romances Stories of ideal love and adventures
18 The flow of thoughts Stream of Consciousness
19 The internal life of the protagonist Psychological novel
20 The novel based on the life of the author Autobiographical novel
21 The growth of protagonist’s mind, spirit and Bildungsroman novel
characters
22 Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe
23 Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels
24 Samuel Richardson Pamela
25 John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress
26 Picaresque Novel adventures of an eccentric protagonist
27 Historical Novel set in an earlier period than of the writing
28 Allegorical Novel bears more than one layers of meaning
29 Utopian Novel speculative fiction
30 Thomas Mann Death in Venice
31 John Steinbeck Pearl
32 Henry James The Turn of the Screw
33 Joseph Conrad The Heart of Darkness
34 Murasaki Shikibu Tale of Genji
35 Picaresque novel narrates the adventure of protagonist
36 Epistolary novel writer presents the narrative through a series of
correspondence or other documents
37 Allegorical novel story that bears more than one level of meaning

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38 Historical novel set in a period earlier than that of the writing
39 Novella new
40 Don Quixote Cervantes
41 Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales
42 Frances Burney Evelina
43 Herman Melville Billy Budd
44 Samuel Richardson Clarissa
45 Frankenstein Mary Shelly
46 Miss Marple Agatha Christie
47 Death in Venice Thomas Mann
48 Seize The Day Saul Bellow
49 Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights
50 Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre
51 Virgil Ecologues
52 Malory Morte De Arthur
53 Rajmohan’s Wife Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
54 Don Quixote Cervantes

6. Pick out the odd element from the group and rewrite the sentence.
(1) Anita Desai, Nayantara Sehgal, R K Narayan, Herman Melville.
(2) Place, Period, Theme, Climate, Life-style.
(3) Theme, Language/style, Character, Stream of Consciousness, Setting.
(4) Realistic, Psychological, Autobiographical, Complex, Picaresque.
(5) The Heart of Darkness. The Turn of the Screw, The Pilgrims Progress, Death in Venice.
(6) The symbolic meaning of allegory may be political, religious, psychological, historical or
philosophical.
(7) Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, Graham Greene, Kiran Nagarkar

(8) Theme, Plot, Character, Novella

7. Fill in the Blanks

(1) The eighteenth century has gifted English Literature two entirely new forms named The periodical
Essays and Novel.

(2) The European novel is often said to begin with 'Don Quixote' by Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes.

(3) Novelists like Anita Desal. Nayantara Sahgal, Aruna Joshi and Manohar Malgaonkar through their
works changed the current of Indian English Novel.

(4) The background in which the story takes place is called Setting.
(5) The eighteenth century has gifted English Literature two entirely new forms named The periodical
Essays and Novel.

(6) Setting includes place. Period, time, climate or weather and lifestyle.

(7) The German word 'bildungsroman' indicate growth

(8) The realistic novel is also called a novel of manner.

(9) Science fiction is a genre of speculative fiction flourished in the second half of the 19th century.

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8. Rewrite the following statements in chronological order:

1. Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the period after that.

2. The novel originated as the literary form in England.

3. Indian novelists like Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai have dazzled with their writing.

4. Many stalwart novelists such as Charles Dickens, Walter Scott became famous.

Ans:

2. The novel originated as the literary form in England.

4. Many stalwart novelists such as Charles Dickens, Walter Scott became famous.

1. Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the period after
that.
3. Indian novelists like Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai have dazzled with their
writing.

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209
 4.2: TO SIR, WITH LOVE

- E.R. Braithwaite

Eustace Edward Ricardo Braithwaite, known as E.R. Braithwaite, was a Guyanese-American writer, teacher
and diplomat. He was best known for his stories of social conditions and racial discrimination against black
people. He was the author of one of the famous autobiographical novels. To Sir, with Love'. He wrote a
number of books exposing racial discrimination in post-war Britain, all of which were inspired by his
personal experiences.

About Novel: To Sir, with Love"

It is an autobiographical novel. The narrator is an engineer, but to earn money, he accepts the job of a
teacher in East End school at London. The school is full of troublemaker students who were rejected from
other schools for their behaviour. At the beginning, the narrator is ridiculed and humiliated by the students,
but later his calm behaviour and desire to see them succeed gradually earn him their respect.

Theme of the Novel:

Student-teacher relationship, prejudice and racism are the major themes of the novel.

Synopsis of the Novel extract:

This chapter is taken from the autobiographical novel of the author E. R. Braithwaite. It details the events of
one day during his career as a schoolteacher at Greenslade School. The author narrates the proceedings of
the half-yearly report of the Students’ Council
Braithwaite's class representatives speak knowledgeably about their coursework and place a considerable
amount of emphasis on how much they have learnt about different people, cultures, customs, and the
importance of international and interracial cooperation. The students presented their humanitarian and broad
outlook on the background of racism and discrimination of that time. They also showed respect to other
students and the teachers. The extract also deals with the clash between the student Denham and the teacher
Mrs. Dale-Evans about the need of P.T. in the curriculum of school. Here Mrs. Dale-Evans outwitted
Denham by telling the importance of P.T. Denham accepted his defeat.

1)Half yearly Report:

The half-yearly report of the Students' Council arranged on November 15th. It was one of the important
days in the calendar of Greenslade School. It was entirely children's day. It was arranged, presented and
controlled by them.
2) Introductory speech:
Mr. Florian, the headmaster of the school, addressed the school. He spoke at length, reiterating the aims and
policy of the school and of the important contribution each child could make to the furtherance of those
aims. He gave praise wherever it was indicated, but insisted that there was yet a great deal to be done, by
themselves, towards a general improvement in conduct cleanliness and the pursuit of knowledge.
3) Students' representatives:
Miss Joseph and Denham, the two most senior students, sat on the stage. They were the representative of the
students and continued the session.
4) Second Speech:
Miss Joseph stood up, and gave a short explanation of the Council's purpose and its activities. Each class
would report, through its representatives, on the studies pursued during the half year which began after
Easter, a representative having been chosen for each subject. When all the classes had completed their
reports a panel of teachers would be invited to occupy the stage and answer questions from the body of the
hall on matters arising out of the various reports.

210
5) Procedure of Selection of teachers:
The selection of the panel, as with everything else, was entirely at the discretion of the children and no
members of the staff knew either how many or which teachers would be invited to sit.
6) Actual presentation of reports:
The reports began with the lowest or youngest class first. These were mainly twelve-year-olds who had
joined the school the previous summer. Most of them were shy and rather frightened at standing up before
the entire school, but nevertheless they managed it creditably: they had been newly introduced to the
difficulties of seeking information for themselves, so their report was understandably rather short
creditably; they had been newly introduced to the difficulties of seeking information for themselves, so their
report was understandably rather short.
7) Essence of the reports:
Throughout all the reports, the emphasis was on what the students understood rather than on what they were
expected to learn.
8) Presentation of Narrator's class:
Potter-Arithmetic
Sapiano- Nature Study
Miss Pegg & Jackson Geography
Miss Dare & Fermman- Physiology
Miss Dodd- History
Denham- P.T. & games
Miss Joseph- Domestic Science
9) Presentation of students’ in the half yearly report:
Miss Joseph:
She said that their lessons had a particular bias towards the brotherhood of mankind, and that they had been
learning through each subject how all mankind was interdependent in spite of geographical location and
differences in colour, races and creeds.
Potter:
He explained the work the relationship between the kilogram and the pound as well as the metre and the
foot. He said that throughout the world one or other of those two methods was either in use or understood,
and that it was a symbol of the greater understanding which was being accomplished between peoples.
Sapiano:
He spoke of the study the class had made of pests. He showed how many countries had pooled their
knowledge and results of research on the behaviour, breeding habits and migration of these pests, and were
gradually reducing the threat they represented to these important products.
Miss Pegg and Jackson:
They divided the report on Geography between them. Jackson spoke first on the distribution of mineral
deposits and vegetable produce over the earth's surface. He made it clear how a country rich in one was
often deficient in the other. So their interchange and interdependence is inevitable.
Miss Pegg dealt with human relationships, stressing the problems facing the post-war world for feeding,
clothing and housing its populations. She also made a reference to the thousands of refugees, stateless and
unwanted; and to the efforts and programmes of U.N.I.C.E.F.
Fernman:
He had a trump card up his sleeve. By using the skeleton, Fernman began to speak. Calmly he told them that
it was a female skeleton: that was a fact and could easily be proved. But he could not say with any
assurance whether she had been Chinese or French or German or Greek; nor could he say if she had been
brown or white or a mixture of both. And from that, he said, the class had concluded that basically all
people were the same: the trimmings might be different but the foundations were all laid out according to
the same blue-print.

Miss Dare:
She spoke about the problems which all humanity has to face in terms of sickness and disease, and of the
advantages gained by interchange of knowledge, advice and assistance.
Miss Dodd:
She reported on the period of History the class had studied the Reformation in England. She told of the
struggles of men of independent spirit against clerical domination and of their efforts to break from
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established religious traditions. From those early beginnings gradually grew the idea of tolerance for the
beliefs and cultures of others, and the now common interest in trying to study and understand those cultures.

Denham:
His report was a bit of a shock. He severely criticized the general pattern of P.T. and games, emphasising
the serious limitations of game Activities. He complained that the P.T. was ill-conceived and pointless, and
its routine was monotonous. He could see no advantage in doing it. He would prefer a jolly good game
instead of P.T.
10) Teachers selected for giving answers to students: Mr. Weston, Mrs. Dale-Evans and Miss Phillips.
11) Question and Answer session:
The questions were mostly from the two top classes, probably because the young children were either too
timid or too uninformed to formulate their questions. The teachers had no briefing, and were often caught
out stammering in their indecision. The frilly, seemingly brainless Miss Euphemia Phillips proved to be the
coolest and best informed of the three. She answered the questions with honesty and authority, and would
often intervene skillfully to assist one of the others without causing embarrassment. She outwitted Denham
and showed the importance of P.T. in the curriculum.
Conclusion
The meeting of the day ends with a conclusive speech by the Headmaster. The students of the narrator’s
class have displayed great sincerity of effort and commitment in their reports. Mr Braithwaite is filled with
pride because all his students have understood the value of interdependence of human beings and the need
of international and interracial cooperation.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q. 5 B Answer in about 50 words to the questions given below. (4 marks)
1. Half yearly report of the student’s council highlights the conduct of Braithwaite‟s‟class. Justify.
Ans. The conduct of students of Braithwaite’s class during the Half yearly report was remarkable. They
spoke knowledgably about their coursework and placed much emphasis on what they have learnt rather
what they were taught. Each student came out as a surprise in their presentation. They presented their report
in business-like manner.
2. In the questioning session Denham was expressing few students‟ feelings. Illustrate.
Ans. Dehman addressed and criticised the pattern of PT and games in school. He stressed on the fact that
the school space limitations and activities too are limited. He complained that PT was pointless and
monotonous and said that it would be better it to play a jolly good game than PT. All the boys gave him a
loud cheer, it was because he was expressing their feelings.
3. Miss Philips effectively handled the questioning session. Give supporting details.
Ans.: Miss Philips dealt with questions put to her with candor and authority. She would skillfully intervene
to assist one of the other teachers without causing an embarrasement. While Denham criticizing the PT and
games, again she took the reins and her stock promptly and very skillfully answered back to Denham’s
question.
4. Write a short note on the event which took place on 15th November in Greenslade School.
Ans: 15th November was an important day for the students of Greenslade School as they had half yearly
council report. Everyone was excited and was looking forward for this day. It was the day of children, as
they arrange, present and control it. They allocate the duties among themselves in businesslike manner to
make a neat programme. Each child arrived with proper and neat uniform.
5. The extract presents the narrator as a silent observer of the events. Explain.
Ans: As the event of Half yearly report was entirely arranged, presented and controlled by the students
themselves, having no much role of teachers to play, the narrator is the mute spectator of the entire
happenings rather he is very surprised by his class’s conduct in managing the programme.
6. “Analyzing the change in the students’ behaviour in the presentation‟ is the central theme.
Ans: Each student acted business-like and professional. Beginning with the short quick introduction of Miss
Joseph introducing all the presenters, to Denham addressing every girl with “Miss” before their names.
Even the clever understanding of Miss Dare that her contribution has become anti-climax, respite
communicating her thoughts.
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7. Denham and Miss Joseph played a key role in the presentation of the half yearly report of
students‟ council. Illustrate.
Ans: Miss Joseph was the one who started with introduction and short explanation of Student council’s
purpose and activities. She explained with great detail to all the students giving a broad understanding of the
entire council meeting. On the other hand Denham was sharp, crisp, confident and clear in expressing his
points leaving a good mark to the juniors on being confident on the topic you are raising and speaking. He
was at the same time very courteous to refer girls with “Miss”. This illustrates the fact that Denham and
Miss Joseph played a key role.
8. The senior students presented their class report more confidently than the junior students. Give
reasons.
Ans: There were many at the age of 12 years who joined the school previous summer, for which they were
shy and frightened to stand before the school. Also with every increase in class students gain an ability to
express themselves. Hence the seniors presented more confidently than the juniors.
9. Fernman was innovative and dramatic in his presentation. Discuss in brief.
Ans: Fernman presented his topic by bringing a skeleton on the stage which was joint by a hanger. He
indeed created a humorous and light environment and it grabbed everyone’s attention. Now that everyone
was attentive, he pitched his point to explain on a very serious note that all humans are same. This gathered
him huge applause. Hence Fernman was innovative and dramatic in his presentation.
10. The stage has a great impact on the presentations of the students. Justify the statement.
Ans: Indeed speaking “in” a group speaking “to” a group are two different aspects. Stage creates an impact
of you being in the limelight where upon all eyes are up to what you say and how you say. This makes the
speaker more watchful in tone and language. It enhances your public speaking confidence. It gives an idea
of the other side of the table where you stand and address the crowd. Hence the stage has a great impact on
the presentations of the students.
11. From the options given below, choose the name of the teacher and write a couple of lines from the
extract in support of your answer.
(a) Denham
(b) Miss Joseph
(c) Sapiano
(d) Dale-Evans
Ans: Dale-Evans is the teacher. The lines to support this are: The names were called Mr. Weston, Mrs.
Dale-Evans, and Miss Phillips. Denham and Miss Joseph led the others off the stage and the teachers took
their seats.
12. Fernman brought a comic relief in the Students’ Council programme. Explain with an incident.
Ans: In order to explain a point, Fernman made a signal to someone off-stage. Two students, Welsh and
Alison, appeared bearing a skeleton between them, with a sort of gallows. When this arrangement had been
set up there was the skeleton hanging from a hook screwed into the top of its skull, gently revolving at the
end of a cord. This brought some comic relief to the proceedings, and the students laughed uproariously.
13.The narrator played a crucial role in bringing a significant change in the students. Discuss the
statement by citing some references from the extract.
Ans: The narrator initially had a very difficult time with the students who were disrespectful, ill- mannered
and mischievous. They considered him to be an arrogant outsider, unfamiliar with the social environment in
which they I have grown up. They harass him from day one; however, they come around after only a few
weeks, completely changing both their hygiene and their attitudes towards one another.
This marks the success of the narrator in handling the students in a very amicable way. This is proved on the
day of the half-yearly report of the Students’ Council. The narrator’s students allocate tasks in a business-
like way. They present their reports confidently and clearly. They are cool and efficient in their work. They
are courteous towards each other and the teachers, and they accept the verdict of the teachers. This shows
the significant and crucial change brought about by the narrator in his students.

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14) Give a brief character-sketch of –
A) Denham.
Ans: Denham is business-like and confident while allocating tasks and fitting in the j programme. He is an
important official for the function and sits confidently beside the Head. He courteously addresses the girls
as ‘Miss’. While discussing P.T. and Games, he shocks the audience with his views. He is a trained boxer
and does not want to do P.T. exercises which he feels are unnecessary for him. His tone is initially blunt,
critical and argumentative. However, when Miss Phillips gently replies to his arguments and outwits him,
he graciously and politely accepts his defeat.

B) Miss Joseph.
Ans: Miss Joseph is business-like and confident while allocating tasks and fitting in the programme. She is
an important official for the function. She sits on the stage beside Mr. Florian with composure. She also
addresses the audience with confidence.

C) The Narrator.
Ans: Ricky Braithwaite, the narrator, is a very sensitive person. He is very upset at the racism that he has to
face after serving in the army. He gets a job in a school, and initially has a very difficult time with the
students who are disrespectful, ill-mannered and mischievous. They harass him from day one. However, his
novel and creative ideas, innovative techniques and understanding of the students’ psychology, ultimately
wins their hearts.
Though he was bullied, harassed, mentally and physically tortured many times, he didn’t lose his patience
and continued implementing his novel ideas and techniques that helped him to bring a significant change in
his students’ lives. On the day of the half-yearly report of the Students’ Council, he is very anxious to see
how they behave. When they are business-like, confident, cool and courteous, he feels proud of them.
D) Miss Dare.
Ans: Miss Dare spoke about the problems which all humanity has to face in terms of sickness and disease,
and of the advantages gained by interchange of knowledge, advice and assistance. Her contribution was
something of an anticlimax after Fernman’s performance, and she seemed to realise it, but continued with
her speech.

E) Miss Phillips.
Ans: Miss Phillips, whom everyone had thought to be frilly and brainless, proves while answering
Denham’s questions that she is the best-informed of the three teachers on the stage. She intervenes skilfully
when the other two teachers are at a loss, without embarrassing them. She speaks coolly, honestly and with
authority.
She is very slightly built but she controls her class very well. She tells Denham that the whole timetable in
the school was meant to help the students in the world after they left school, and doing what one was told in
spite of not liking it, is part of the training. She confidently asserts that she was sure that Denham saw the
importance of what she had said, and why he had to do P.T. Thus, she put ‘ Denham in his place very
coolly.

15) Arrange the incidents in correct sequence as per their occurrence in the extract.
(a) Denham was outwitted by Miss Phillips.
(b) The head of the school closed the proceedings.
(c) Denham asserted that P.T. periods were a waste of time.
(d) The slips were folded and placed in a hat.
(e) Fernman was as usual a trump card.
(f) Denham called out the names of the representatives.
(g) Students’ Council was held every year on November 15th.
Ans:
(g) Students’ Council was held every year on November 15th.
(f) Denham called out the names of the representatives.
(e) Fernman was as usual a trump card.
(d) The slips were folded and placed in a hat.
(c) Denham asserted that P.T. periods were a waste of time.

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(a) Denham was outwitted by Miss Phillips.
(b) The head of the school closed the proceedings.

16. Describe in brief the purpose of organising the half-yearly report programme of Students’
Council.
Ans: During the half-yearly report programme of Students’ Council, each class would report, through its
representatives, on the studies pursued during the half year which began after Easter. A representative was
chosen for each subject. When all the classes had completed their reports a panel of teachers would be
invited to occupy the stage and answer questions from the body of the hall on matters arising out of the
various reports. Throughout all the reports, the emphasis was on what they understood rather than on what
they were expected to learn.

17. The event in the extract was held at the Choose the correct alternative. Give reason/s to support
your answer.
(a) author’s house
(b) auditorium of the school
(c) market
(d) garden
Ans: (b) auditorium of the school
The following lines support this:
A bell was rung at 10.00 a.m. and everyone trooped into the auditorium to sit together in classes.
18. The incidents in the extract occurred at a particular place. Explain the significance of that place in
your own words.
Ans: The extract confines itself to narrating the incidents that take place on the important day of the half-
yearly report of the Students’ Council. This report takes place in the presence of the Head of the school, the
teachers and the students. It is a serious and formal programme, and the setting is the auditorium, with a
stage and a formal atmosphere. This is just right.

19. Explain how the setting of the extract contributes to the theme of the novel.
Ans: One of the themes of the novel is the teacher- student relationship, and the change in the behaviour of
the students after the narrator’s patient dealing. The narrator initially had a very difficult time with the
students who were disrespectful, ill- mannered and mischievous. He finds that the students belong to a
background that is not suitable for learning and for their overall development and progress.
They are in no mood to change their attitude and behaviour. The narrator, with his novel and creative ideas,
innovative techniques and understanding of the students’ psychology, ultimately wins their hearts. The
narrator is now anxious to see how far his teaching has been effective.
He can judge it from the behaviour and attitude of his students on the important day of the half-yearly report
of the Students’ Council. This report takes place in the presence of the Head of the school, the teachers and
the students. It is a serious and formal programme, and the setting of the auditorium, a stage and a formal
atmosphere, is just right. The discussion and the question and answer session also contributes to the theme.

20. ‘When the turn of my class came I sat up anxiously’.

Explain the reasons of the narrator’s anxiety by citing suitable references from the extract.
Ans: The narrator initially had a very difficult time with the students who were disrespectful, ill-mannered
and mischievous. They were in no mood to change their attitude and behaviour. The narrator with his novel
and creative ideas, innovative techniques and understanding of the students’ psychology, ultimately wins
their hearts. The narrator later grew very fond of his students and wanted them to do well in their lives. He
wanted them to shine. He is now anxious to see how far his teaching has been effective.
He can judge it from their behaviour, conduct and attitude on the important day of the half-yearly report of
the Students’ Council. He also wanted to see how they would express themselves and how much they had
understood during the given period. The programme takes place in the presence of the Head of the school,
the teachers and the students. It is a serious and formal one. Hence he sat up anxiously when the turn of his
class came.

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21. Select two statements that describe the theme of the extract:
(a) Half-yearly report of the Students’ Council was not an important event for the students and teachers of
school.
(b) The writer was immensely pleased to notice the progress of his students.
(c) The students showed a remarkable change in their behaviour and were progressing in all the subjects.
(d) The head of the institution was against I conducting such activities in the school.
Ans:
(b) The writer was immensely pleased to notice the progress of his students.
(c) The students showed a remarkable change in their behaviour and were progressing in all the
subjects.

22. The relationship between the teacher and the students is highlighted in the extract. Illustrate with
suitable examples from the extract.
Ans: In the extract, the narrator describes the day on which the half-yearly report of the Students’ Council
takes place. It is entirely the students’ affair; the students are given full freedom. Denham and Miss Joseph
conduct the whole programme and preside over it. The students and teachers all listen attentively to the
reports made by the student representatives on what they have been studying till then. At the end of the
students’ presentation, three teachers are chosen at random to answer the students’ questions. They have to
answer whatever questions are put to them by the students. Fernman questions them adroitly; Denham is
blunt, critical and argumentative.
Two of the teachers are flustered by the questions, which they find difficult to answer. However, Miss
Phillips intervenes skilfully when the other two teachers are at a loss without embarrassing them. She
speaks coolly, honestly and with authority. Denham counter-questions her; she is cool and pleasant. The
programme is serious, formal and frank. It is a democratic set up. There is freedom of expression,
fearlessness on the part of students, honesty and analysis of issues.

23. Explain in brief the theme of the extract.

Ans: The theme of the extract is the student- teacher relationship and the proceedings of the half-yearly
report of the Students’ Council. The extract shows the improvement in the conduct of the students, the
increase in their level of confidence and courtesy. It also shows the freedom and candour in student-teacher
interaction in the school.

24. Describe the atmosphere of the school described in the extract.

Ans: In the extract, the narrator describes the day on which the half-yearly report of the Students’ Council
takes place. Here, the students of the school report to the faculty and other students on what they have been
studying thus far. It is entirely the students’ affair; the students conduct the whole programme and preside
over it. At the end of the students’ presentation, three teachers are chosen at random to answer the students’
questions.
The programme is serious, formal and frank. The students honestly give their reports and ask questions
fearlessly. The selected teachers do their best to answer the critical and blunt questions put to them. It is a
democratic set up. There is freedom of expression, honesty, and analysis of issues on that day.

25. Miss Phillips is transformed into a very convincing personality.

Ans: Miss Phillips is earlier considered as ‘frilly and brainless’; but she was the best- informed of the three
teachers on the stage, She intervened skilfully when the other two I teachers were at a loss without
embarrassing them. She spoke coolly, honestly and with authority. When Denham is blunt, critical and
argumentative while discussing the P.T. exercises, she tells Denham that the whole timetable in the school
was meant to help the students in the world after they left school, and doing what one was told in spite of
not liking it, is part of the training.
She confidently asserted that she was sure that Denham saw the importance of what she had said, and why
he had to do P.T. Thus, she put Denham in his place very coolly and pleasantly, and Denham accepted his
defeat courteously. The teacher who was considered brainless is transformed into a very convincing
personality at the end.

26. There are many features of language that contribute to the smooth sailing of the plot.
Ans: With reference to the extract, the words used by the narrator contribute to the smooth sailing of the
plot. Expressions and sentences like ‘the school showed its approval by laughing uproariously’, ‘Fernman
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was wonderful; he had them eating out of his hand’, ‘frilly and seemingly brainless’ ‘Miss Phillips took the
reins and her stock promptly shot up a hundredfold’, ‘sugary remarks’, ‘her baby-blue eyes twinkling in her
delight at this crossing of staves’, ‘this frilly, innocent-looking puss had gobbled her canary without leaving
the tiniest feather’ lend beauty and interest to the writing. Apt words and expressions have been used to give
the reader a compete idea of the situation. The programme has also been described clearly.

(27) Following are some dialogues of the major characters in the extract. Find out who the speaker is,
his/her tone, the style, significance etc. of the dialogues:
1. “Then why do we have to do P.T.? Why don’t they take only the kids who need it?”
Ans: The speaker is Denham. His tone is initially blunt, critical and argumentative. He is a trained boxer
and does not want to do P.T exercises which he feels are unnecessary for him. However, when Miss Phillips
gently replies to his arguments and outwits him, he has the grace to accept his defeat. The blunt and critical
Denham turns into a gracious loser.

2. “Let’s say it is as much an exercise of the mind as it is of the body, Denham.”

Ans: The speaker is Miss Phillips. She answers Denham’s questions coolly, honestly and with authority.
She tells him that the whole timetable in the school was meant to help the students in the world after they
left school, and doing what one was told in spite of not liking it, is part of the training. She confidently
asserted that she was sure that Denham saw the importance of what she had said, and why he had to do P.T.
This piece of advice was not meant only for Denham but for the whole school and the reader as well.

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 4.3 : AROUND THE WORLD IN 80 DAYS

- Jules Verne

Introduction
Taken from the adventure novel by Jules Verne, the final four chapters describe the end of the protagonist’s
journey. These narrate how Phileas Fogg finally returns to London after attempting to circumnavigate the
world in eighty days. Just when the protagonist has given up all hopes, he unexpectedly wins the wager that
had made him undertake such a long journey.
Chapter 34
At the beginning of this chapter, the protagonist is in prison in Custom House due to a misunderstanding.
Mistaken to be a bank robber on run, a detective named Fix arrests Fogg as soon as he reaches Liverpool.
Fogg’s two companions are as much shocked with the sudden arrest as Fogg himself.
This prevents him from reaching the Reform Club in time to win the wager. As Fogg is making a brief entry
in his journal and lamenting the loss brought by a trick of fate and time, his servant Passepartout enters the
prison along with the detective. The detective apologizes for the folly he has committed by arresting the
wrong man.
This makes Fogg leave the prison with Passepartout. There are still some hours for the eightieth day to end.
So Fogg arranges a train to London by paying a generous amount to the engineer. Accompanied by his
faithful servant Passepartout and his beloved woman Aouda, Fogg sets out towards his final destination
hoping to show up at the club on the promised hour. He gets off on the station at London only to realise that
he is late by five minutes and has thereby already lost the wager.
Chapter 35
This chapter opens with a dejected Mr Fogg at his place in Saville Row in London. He is in such distress for
having lost the wager due to such an unforeseen misunderstanding that his servant fears that his master
might be contemplating suicide. While Passepartout is keeping an eye on his master, Mr Fogg excuses
himself and becomes more withdrawn. Only in the evening when Aouda proposes marriage to him, do his
spirits lift. Elated, he instructs Passepartout to rush to arrange a parish for their marriage.
Chapter 36
This chapter shows the scene at the Reform Club where the atmosphere is full of speculations. The five
friends with whom Mr Fogg had struck the wager exactly eighty days ago, wait for the final hour. The news
of a man taking upon himself the task of such an impossible journey has spread in the city and attracted a
huge crowd outside the club. As the deadline approaches, the five men declare that Mr Fogg has lost the
wager. It is at the last minute that Phileas Fogg makes a dramatic entry into the club followed by an excited
crowd.
Chapter 37
This chapter explains how Mr Fogg is able to meet the impossible deadline. Passepartout, who was sent to
fetch a parish for the protagonist’s wedding, returns with a better news. He announces that it is still the
eightieth day in London. Since the protagonist had moved eastwards during his journey, he had
unconsciously earned an extra day. Thus, a difference in time zones had made them reach London one day
before the final day. Realising he still has ten minutes left, Mr Fogg rushes to the Reform Club and manages
to make a miraculous entry at the last minute.
Conclusion
As per the wager, Mr Fogg wins twenty thousand pounds. But having spent nineteen thousand pounds
during his journey, he only gets one thousand pounds. This is not a very rewarding amount in monetary
terms but it enables him to pay his servant and save some money for himself. The long and exhausting
journey, however, proves most rewarding because it earns him a charming woman as his wife

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 TRAVELOGUE OF PHILLEAS FOG

London to Suez, Egypt Rail to Brindisi, Italy, via Turin and steamer 7 days
(the Mongolia) across the Mediterranean Sea
Suez to Bombay, India Steamer (the Mongolia) across the Red Sea and the Indian 13 days
Ocean
Bombay to Calcutta, India Rail 3 days
Calcutta to Victoria, Hong Steamer (the Rangoon) across the South China Sea 13 days
Kong with a stopover
in Singapore
Hong Kong to Yokohama, Japan Steamer (the Carnatic) across the South China Sea, East 6 days
China Sea, and the Pacific Ocean
Yokohama to San Steamer (the General Grant) across the Pacific Ocean 22 days
Francisco, United States
San Francisco to New York Rail 7 days
City, United States
New York to London, United Steamer (the China) across the Atlantic 9 days
Kingdom Ocean to Liverpool and rail
Total 80 days

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q. 5 C Answer in about 50 words to the questions given below. (4 marks)

1. Explain how the author has made use of International Date Line and time zones in his novel.
Ans: The writer constantly travelled eastward towards sun which unconsciously gave him 4 minutes as he
crossed degrees. There are 360 degrees on the circumference of the earth which gained him 24 hours. This
is how the writer made use of the International Date Line and time zones.
2. 'Money was never a concern for Mr. Phileas Fogg; it was for honour he accepted the wager.'
Discuss.
Ans: Phileas Fogg had little to do with the wager money. He wanted to preserve his honor and prove the
worth to the men of the Reform Club to show that he can do what he sets out to do. Hence, it is proved that
“Money was never a concern for Mr. Phileas Fogg; it was for honour he accepted the wager”
3. Phileas Fogg's travel around the world was full of adventures and surprises. Illustrate.
Ans: Throughout the entire trip, Fogg and his group encounter various obstacles standing in their way. They
crossed various lands and meets with diverse adventures. Thus the novel proceeds at a fast pace and there is
always some excitement resulting from the various encounters. The journey gives many hair raising
incidents and exciting, adventurous, thrilling yet beautiful places in the world.

4. Explain how the time gained of a full day is revealed to Mr. Fogg.
Ans: It was when Passepartout was sent to notify a reverend for Mr.Fogg and Auoda’s marriage, he comes
to know that they have arrived 24 hours ahead of time. This was because of them travelling eastward
towards sun that gained them unconsciously a full day.

5. Passepartout stations himself outside Phileas‟ door. Give reasons.

Ans: Knowing that Englishmen governed by a fixed idea sometimes resort to the desperate expedient of
suicide, Passepartout kept a narrow watch upon his master, though he carefully concealed the appearance of
so doing. Hence he stationed himself outside Phileas’s door.

6. Passepartout blamed himself for the misfortune of his master. Justify.

Ans: Passepartout blamed himself for the misfortune of his master because he knew Fix’s motive and
concealed the errand of Fix from his master. He knew the real purpose and character of Fix earlier but did

219
not mention the same to his master. He thought if he would have warned his master before, his master
would have given proof of his innocence and thus would not lead to the inevitable fate of being arrested.

7. Compare the remorse in the minds of Mr. Fogg and Aouda for the seeming failure of his wager.
Ans: Aouda thought that it was because of her that Mr.Fogg was delayed, if Fogg would not have cared
about her safety he would have reached on time to win his wager. On the other hand Mr. Fogg was dejected
that now he has got nothing much to provide for Aouda’s comfort.
8. Explain the stress on the mind of Fogg after returning from world tour at Saville Row.
Ans: After returning to Saville Row, Fogg was quite and gave little instructions. He excused himself with an
excuse that he needs to set his affairs in order. He was mediating on some project. The bill from gas
company too gave him concern. The concern of not having enough to provide Aouda also crossed his mind.
This explains the stress on the mind of Fogg after returning from world tour at Saville Row
9. Narrate the happenings at Reform Club on the 80th day of the wager.
Ans: A great crowd was collected in Pall Mall on the 80th day. Multitudes of brokers were around.
Circulation was impeded. Everywhere there were disputes and discussions. The police had great difficulty
in handling the crowd. The five antagonists of Fogg were nervous and counted his minutes in the clock. As
Mr. Fogg entered on 55th second, a loud cry was heard in the street, followed by applause, hurrahs, and
some fierce growls

10. There was no general agreement about Mr. Fogg‟s success in the opponents. Discuss.
Ans: The five antagonists differ in their opinion about Mr.Fogg’s winning the wager. One Andrew Stuart
was very sure that Fogg had clearly lost the wager and is not possible for him to reach the Reform club on
time. Although Samuel Fallentin warned everyone not to rush as Fogg is too particular about time and that it
wouldn’t be a surprise if he arrives the last minute.
11. Narrate the happenings at a prison where Fogg was kept under arrest.
Ans: Mr. Fogg was sitting motionless, calm, and without apparent anger, upon a wooden bench. It seemed
that he hasn’t quit yet. Mr. Fogg carefully put his watch upon the table, and observed its advancing hands.
Not a word escaped his lips, but his look was singularly set and stern.
12. ‘All is well that ends well’. Justify in the light of the extract from the novel ‘Around the World in
Eighty Days’.
Ans: Fogg did the whole expedition, got arrested when reached the soil of London. Train was not on time,
so paid a little more and booked a special train. Unfortunately couldn’t meet the time. It was when
Passepartout comes to know that we still have some time to reach the club and win the wager, then a cab is
hired and paid little extra pounds to drive the hardest he can. Running over two dogs and overturned five
carriages, they at last reach the reform club on time. Hence ‘All is well that ends well is justified’.
13. Winning the heart is preferred to the winning of wager. Express by supporting the details.
Ans: Fogg’s object was very clear that winning the experience, friendship, and love was far more important
than winning a wager. He divided his last one thousand pound and gave a share to Detective Fix against
whom he holds no grudges. For him the reward was the charming woman that he found during the
expedition.

14. Major Characters:-

1) Phileas Fogg:-
The protagonist of the novel ‘Around The World In Eighty Days.’ He is the inventor, who loved to invent
new things he was challenged by his fellow mate over his prediction that one cannot complete the journey
around the world in eighty days. He took the challenge and completed it with courageously.

2) Aouda:-
In the journey around the world he met her in India. She is Parsee Indian princess. She was rescued by Fogg
and group. She had been one of the companions in the journey, later she became his life companion.

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3) Jean Passepartout:-
He is an employee of Fogg who has been honest and loyal to him through out his journey. He is a French
man who accompanied him in the journey around the world in eighty days. He is known for his Loyalty,
honestly and dedication towards his master.

4)Detective Fix.:-
He is the detective who has been following Fogg and group through out the journey because he was
wrongly anticipated that it's Fogg who has done robbery in the Bank of England that's why he has been
waiting for the warrant to arrest Fogg.

Minor Characters
1) Sir Francis Cromarty: - He met Fogg and group in India. He is the Brigadier General. He has been with
Fogg from Bombay to Calcutta.

2) Members of The Reform Club:-

🔹The engineer Andrew Stuart.
🔹The banker's John Sullinan & Samuel Fallentin.
🔹The brewer Thomas Flanagan and Gauthier Ralph and one of the governors Bank of England and Phileas
Fogg’s partners at the Reform club.

3) The Parsee Guide from India: He is a brave and intelligent man. He offered to be the guide of Fogg and
team on the elephant which will take the group to Allahabad.

4) Colonel Stamp Proctor: At San Francisco Fogg, Fix and Aouda find themselves in Montgomery Street,
which is crowded by the members of two opposing political parties. The opposing members become violent
and Fogg’s group is caught in between. A huge fellow with a red goatee, a ruddy complexion and broad
shoulders, raises his fist over Mr. Fogg. Fogg is very angry and later these two men even resort to duelling.

5) Elder William Hitch: A priest boards the train from San Francisco to New York at Elko Station. He is a
Mormon missionary, who gives a lecture on Mormonism in Car no. 117 of the train.

6) Mudge: An American at Fort Kearney station offers to transport Fogg and group on a sledge to Omaha
station. This skipper of a land craft manages to transfer the group safely to Omaha station in a few hours.

15. Describe the character sketch of Aouda from Fogg’s point of view.
Ans: From Fogg’s point of view: Aouda has had a very difficult time in India. She was nearly killed by her
persecutors, but I, Fogg, managed to save her and bring her to England with me. She is a wonderful person
and so grateful for what I did. She was even apologetic for having delayed my return – she did
He was tremendously worried about Fogg when he thought that Fogg had lost the wager. Finally, when he
came to know that they had reached earlier than they had thought and there was a chance that they could
reach the Reform Club in time to win the bet, he became very excited. He rushed back breathlessly to
inform Fogg of the fact that it was Saturday and not Sunday.

16. Detective Fix tried hard but could not fix the charge of robbery on Fogg. Explain the statement
from the point of view of Fix.
Ans: From the point of view of Detective Fix Scotland Yard had given only a vague description of the man
who had robbed a great sum from the bank of England. I thought that Fogg fitted the description and he was
the bank robber. I put obstacles in Fogg’s path just so that I could arrest him whenever I got the warrant
from England. The moment we reached Liverpool, I arrested him. However, after arresting him, I found that
he was not the guilty person, and the robber had already been arrested in Edinburgh some days earlier.
Fogg was a respectable gentleman living at Saville Row. There was no proof and no evidence against him
except that he had been travelling all over the world apparently without any purpose. I was sorry that I
arrested him wrongly and I apologized to him.

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17. The beginning of the extract is a scene in the prison at the custom house. From there the novel
moves further from one place/spot to another. Pick and explain all the places/spots where the
incidents took place.
Ans: From the prison at the custom house, Fogg and his companions go to Liverpool station to catch a train
back to London, where Fogg lives and where the Reform Club is located. Once they reach London, thinking
that they had lost the wager, they go to Saville Row, which is Fogg’s residence. The next location is the
preacher’s house where Passepartout goes to make arrangements for Fogg’s wedding. The last location is
the Reform Club, which Fogg reaches in time to win his wager.

18. Most of the setting in the extract is in London. Explain how this is suited to the theme of the novel.
Ans: Fogg’s residence was in London. The Reform Club, which Fogg frequented on a regular basis and
where the all-important wager took place, is also in London. Fogg’s journey starts from London and ends in
London. Hence, London is the central place in the novel, and thus this setting is suited to the theme.

(iv) Describe the importance of the following places in the development of the plot and behaviour of
the characters.
Ans: Liverpool: Liverpool is the place where Fogg disembarks from his steamer, and from where he has to
catch a train to London. Liverpool is also the place where he is arrested by Fix and thus misses his train. He
arranges a special train in an attempt to reach London on time.
London : Fogg lives in London. The Reform Club, which Fogg frequented on a regular basis, is also in
London. Fogg’s accepts the wager in London; his journey starts from London and ends in London. Hence,
London is the central place in the novel.
Reform Club : Reform Club is the place which Fogg frequented on a regular basis. It is at the Reform Club
that Fogg gets involved in an argument over an article, and where the wager with his fellow club members
takes place. It is the place where Fogg was supposed to return before 8.45 p.m. on 21 December, 80 days
later. It is the place where his antagonists are waiting anxiously for him, and which he reaches at practically
the last second to win his wager.

Saville Row : Phileas Fogg’s residence is in Saville Row. This is also the place where he takes Aouda.
Fogg has always stayed quietly at this place. When he returned from his trip around the world and thought
he had lost the wager, he remained there so quietly that no one even knew he had returned.

Edinburgh : Detective Fix arrested Phileas Fogg in Liverpool thinking that he was a bank robber.
However, the real bank robber, James Strand, had been arrested on 17th December at Edinburgh.

19. Write 4-5 sentences on the ‘Time’ theme of the extract.

Ans: Phileas Fogg has to go around the world in eighty days if he has to win the wager. As he and his
companions struggle to do this, time foils their plans in many cases. Fogg gets arrested for no fault of his
and loses precious time. He is unable to catch the train from Liverpool, and the special train he arranged too
gets delayed. Fogg is afraid that he has lost the bet. However, in the end, Fogg wins the bet with seconds to
spare as he gained a day when crossing the International Date Line. His journey through the time zones had
gained him a day. The ultimate message is that no one can control time; time will work the way it wants to
work, and humans are at its mercy.

20. Write 4-5 sentences on the ‘Morality’ theme of the extract.

Ans: Fogg embarks on his journey to preserve his honour and prove his worth to the men at the Reform
Club. He spends nearly all of his money along the way, showing that riches are not what he is truly out for.
He is honourable – when he thinks he is penniless, he does not want Aouda to marry him. Aouda, by
proposing to him, shows that she is not materialistic. He forgives Passepartout his mistakes. Passepartout
shows his loyalty and love for his master at every step.
In the end, when he wins the bet, he divides whatever money is left between Passepartout and Detective Fix,
showing that he had no grudges against him. The writer shows that with human effort and willpower
enormous obstacles can be overcome. The writer also tells us in the end that Fogg had won something more
important than money, by travelling around the world. He had won a charming woman, who made him the

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happiest of men. The moral at the end is that love and its attainment is more important than all the
challenges and money in the world.
21. Write the central idea of the given extract of the novel, ‘Around the World in Eighty Days’.
Ans: The central idea of the given extract is how Fogg ultimately wins the bet even though there are
unexpected delays and missed trains. He had unknowingly gained a day when crossing the International
Date Line, and hence he was still in time to meet the deadline. The final statement is that love and its
attainment is more important than all the challenges and money in the world.

22. Justice is served/done in the end. Explain.

Ans: Phileas Fogg is an honourable and compassionate person. He wants to win his wager of going around
the world in eighty S days. He struggles against time, as well as the obstacles and delays that come his way.
Finally, when he reaches Liverpool and is about to go to London to win his wager, he is arrested because he
is wrongly thought to be a bank robber. Throughout this ordeal, Fogg is calm and unshakeable. Even though
he thinks he has lost the wager, he does not blame anyone or lose his temper.
He tells Aouda that he cannot marry her and make her live in poverty. Justice is done unexpectedly in the
end when he wins the wager. He had unknowingly gained a day when crossing the International Date Line,
and hence he was still in time to meet the deadline. In the end, the writer tells us that Fogg had won
something more important than money, by travelling around the world. He had won a charming woman,
who made him the happiest of men. Thus, justice was done to the quiet and honourable Phileas Fogg.
23) Elaborate the following quotes in the light of the extract of the novel, ‘Around the World in
Eighty Days’.
A) ‘Quitters never win and winners never quit’.
Ans: Even though Fogg loses time due to being wrongly arrested and imprisoned, he makes every effort to
reach London on time. He arranges a special train from Liverpool. He does not quit when he feels that there
is some faint chance of a win. Later, when Passepartout discovers that it is Saturday and not Sunday, and
that there is still a chance of winning, Fogg puts aside everything and rushes headlong to the Reform Club.
He does not give up in spite of all the obstacles, and comes out a winner, both in winning the bet and the
love of a good woman.
B) ‘Time is the only solution to problems’.
Ans: The most important theme in the extract is time. Fogg’s wager is a race against time, and his
adventures illustrate repeatedly that time is fickle, and either works for or against them. In many cases, time
foils their plans, when the delays build up and the train to Liverpool leaves without them. In the end,
though, it is time that helps wins Fogg his bet, since they gained a day when crossing the International Date
Line. The ultimate message is that no one can control time; time will work the way it wants to work, and
humans are at its mercy. Time is the only solution to problems.
24) Arrange the incidents in correct sequence as per their occurrence in the extract.
(a) Aouda accepted Fogg’s proposal of marriage.
(b) When set free, the first thing that Fogg did was he knocked Fix down.
(c) As a part of duty, Fix arrested Fogg.
(d) At the fifty-seventh second, Fogg entered the Reform Club Saloon.
Ans:
(c) As a part of duty, Fix arrested Fogg.
(b) When set free, the first thing that Fogg did was he knocked Fix down.
(d) At the fifty-seventh second, Fogg entered the Reform Club Saloon.
(a) Aouda accepted Fogg’s proposal of marriage.

25) Choose from the following options, the means of transport used in the novel and explain the way
they help the characters.
(a) Elephant (b) Horse (c) Train (d) Steamer
Ans: Elephants, trains and steamers were used as a means of transport in the novel. They help the characters
go around the world in the allotted time. After overcoming a number of obstacles, they reach London in
time to win the wager.
******************

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 4.4 THE SIGN OF FOUR
- Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Introduction
‘The Sign of Four’ is one of the many crime fiction novels by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It deals with a case
of hidden treasure and murder. Sherlock Holmes, the detective, is approached by a woman named Mary
Morstan to solve the mystery. These initial chapters introduce the main conflict of the plot which involves a
mystery that Holmes and Watson set out to solve.
Chapter II: The Statement of the Case
Narrated by Holmes’s companion Doctor Watson, this chapter opens with Mary Morstan approaching
Holmes for help. She informs Holmes about a mysterious, unsigned letter she has received, which instructs
her to meet its writer outside the Lyceum Theatre at seven in the evening. It asks Mary to bring two
companions if she has any doubts or fears. The letter also promises that the meeting will be of advantage to
Mary. On being inquired further, Mary reveals that her father, Captain Morstan, had disappeared ten years
ago.
She details the mysterious circumstances under which her father had disappeared after his return from India.
She also tells about a series of precious pearls that she has been receiving on the same day for last six years
without the sender’s name. Holmes takes down Mary’s statement and he and Watson agree to accompany
her to meet the person who has sent the pearls and the letter. Mary leaves and Watson remarks to Holmes
that she is a beautiful woman. While Holmes sees Mary as another of his many clients, Dr Watson certainly
finds her attractive.
Chapter III: In Quest of a Solution
This chapter begins with Holmes returning to his place after having done some research before setting out
for his new case. Accompanied by Watson and Mary, he embarks on a drive to the place mentioned in the
letter, where they are met by a servant. Upon Mary’s assurance that none of her two friends are policemen,
the servant takes the three in a carriage to a less fashionable part of London.
Conclusion
Overcome by the gloomy weather and the apprehension of what awaits them, Watson and Mary grow
uneasy and nervous. Holmes, however, remains attentive and his alertness enables him to keep a track of
their location despite the darkness outside. The carriage halts outside a house and a servant with an Oriental
persona opens the door. A voice, in grave urgency, instructs the servant to show the visitors straight to him.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Q. 5 D Answer in about 50 words to the questions given below. (4 marks)
1. The reception of six pearls helps the story to move forward by providing some connection with the
other happenings. Illustrate.
Ans: It was Sherlock who inquired with Miss Morstan if the handwriting on the letter received and the
handwriting on the pearl box address were the same. Upon perusing the papers it was understood to
Sherlock that the handwriting were same although written with disguised hands. This led to the first step to
move forward that the send of the pearl had some connection with the case of Miss Morstan’s missing
father.
2. Describe the desired destination of the parties in your words by providing some details.
Ans: Miss Morstan, Sherlock Homes and Dr.Watson were on their desired destination. They were taken to
the forbidden neighbourhood. The area was not inhabited. Their cab stopped at a house which was as dark
as others. A single glimmer appeared in the kitchen. It was a third rate suburban dwelling house. Here they
were invited to discuss about the important issue of Treasure.
3. Write the character sketch of Sherlock Holmes as a professional detective.
(i) Sherlock Holmes is the protagonist and brilliant detective.
(ii) He has supreme intelligence which allows him to solve the case.
(iii) Because of Holmes’ intellectual and deductive abilities, Miss Morstan asks him to help her solve the
case of her missing father, Captain Morstan
(iv) Holmes is intellectual, restless and Observant.

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4. Compare the thought process of Holmes and Dr. Watson in handling the case.
Ans: Sherlock was observant and had done his findings. He observed and read the Times to figure our the
connection. He had a hunch and instinct as to what was going to happen. He was observant and determined
in all his ways. On the other hand Dr.Watson was more inclined and thought more about the visitor (Miss
Morstan) rather than her case. He was emotional and sympathetic towards her in the entire process.
5. Narrate the case of Miss Morstan in your words.
Ans: It has almost been 10 years that her father, Captain Morstan was missing upon reaching London. She
tried finding her father with every possible means but to no avail. Six years later she starts receiving
lustrous pearl from unknown sender. Now she has received a letter asking her to meet the sender of the
letter at Lecyum Theatre as the sender knows some fact which Mary should be aware of. Hence Mary
comes to Sherlock Holmles with her matter.
6. Sherlock Holmes deduced facts from the back files of the times. Justify by providing few details.
Ans: Sherlock discovered a suggestive fact by consulting the back files of the Times, wherein he found that
disappearance of Captain Morstan and then later death of Major Sholto, post which Mary receiving the
pearls has some interconnection. He deduces that it is someone Sholto’s heir who knows something of the
mystery and desires to compensate Mary.
7. ‘You are a wronged woman, and shall have justice’. Interpret the statement to highlight the conflict
in Miss Morstan’s mind.
Ans: The uncertain missing of his father, the receiving of the pearls, and now the receipt of the letter with
the statement that ‘You are a wronged woman, and shall have justice’ made Mary entirely confused, scared
and clueless. She might have thought about some wrong that have occurred to her father. She might have
assumed the existence of her father. Although she was nervous, she maintained her calm and composed
manner.
8. Dr. Watson reflects Miss Morstan's state of mind. Discuss with some examples.
Ans: Later that afternoon when Mary left from Sherlock’s house after stating the case, Dr. Watson thought
about Mary and calculated the fact that if she were seventeen at the time of her father’s disappearance she
must be seven-and-twenty now,—a sweet age, when youth has lost its self-consciousness and become a
little sobered by experience.

9. Holmes had a competence about the route of their travel. Suggest some points to clarify the
statement.
Ans: Holmes was absolutely aware of the route of their travel. He started muttering the names of the Roads
and Streets as the cab passed by. He correct named the place where they were moving such as Rochester
Row, Vincent Square Vauxhall Bridge Road, Surrey Side, Bridge of Thames River, Wordsworth Road,
Priory Road, Lark Hall Lane, Stock well Place, Robert Street, Cold Harbor Lane.
10. The mention of new places adds a pace to the story. Justify.
Ans. The story dates back to the old India where Britishers were in charge. It mentions the location of Agra
and Andaman Island. The story revolves around the treasure of Agra. It then opens at the place of Sherlock
Holmes at Baker Street. It takes us to the place of Lyceum Theatre. Further the mention of strange family
estate of Thaddeus. While proceeding towards the estate of Thaddeus the strange location adds a pace to the
story.
11. Miss Morstan found Holmes as right person to handle her case. Give reason.
Ans. Miss Morstan found Holmes as right person to handle her case because she had an experience of
Holmes in a case which he was solving for Mrs. Cecil Forrestor. Holmes had unraveled a domestic
complication with his skills. It so proved that Holmes would be the right person to take her case.
12. Write the character sketch of Dr. Watson as a sensitive character.
1) He is Holmes partner and roommate.
2) He has a strong sense of honor and discretion.
3) He understands and feels empathy towards Misss Morstan.
4) Though he is in love with Miss Morstan, he does not express with a view that she might think that his
love is for the Agra Treasure.

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13. The paper found in the desk of captain Morstan is the center of the action. Explain.
Ans: The paper found in the desk of Captain Morstan indicated that it was a paper manufactured in India.
The diagram in the paper appeared to be of a fort like building. Further it has a hieroglyphic like four
crosses in a line with their arms touching with the names underneath Jonathan Small, Mahomet Singh,
Abdullah Khan, and Dost Akbar. This document bears the same name as the note kept on Major Sholto’s
dead body.
14. “I may be very obtuse, Holmes, but I fail to see what this suggests.” Justify the statement by
highlighting the difference in deducing the case.
Ans: Holmes was sharp to link the case of Sholto’s death with missing father of Mary, Major Morstan along
with the strange receipt of the lustrous pearls to Mary. He deduced that it is someone from Sholto’s heir
who knows something that he wants Mary to know about. Whereas Dr.Watson was little slow to understand
the entire link to the case.
15. Find support from the text which elaborates the tone of the narrator when he compares himself
with Miss Morstan.
Ans: The supporting paragraph which elaborates the tone of the narrator while comparing himself with Miss
Morstan is, “What was I, an army surgeon with a weak leg and a weaker banking-account that I should dare
to think of such things? She was a unit, a factor,—nothing more. If my future were black, it was better
surely to face it like a man than to attempt to brighten it by mere will-o’-the-wisps of the imagination”
16. The narrator makes Miss Morstan‟s journey comfortable while going to an unknownplace.
Narrate in your words.
Ans: The narrator started to cheer and amuse Miss Morstan by reminiscences of his adventures in
Afghanistan; where he had once shot a tiger cub with double barreled musket on a deadly night.
17. “The coachman is described as a faithful servant‟. Justify the statement in your words.
Ans: The coachman is indeed a faithful servant as he dutifully waited near Lyceum theatre until Miss
Morstan and her companions arrived. When he gauged the arrival of Miss Morstan he quickly interrogated
if either of the companions were police officers. Upon verbal assurance, he called up a carriage and with
full speed took the trio to his master’s house.
18. Holmes, Dr. Watson and Mary Morstan reached at the third pillar of the Lyceum Theatre.
Describe the state of mind of the trio.
Ans. As they reached at the Lyceum Theatre the crowds were already thick at the side entrances. There was
quite a commotion near the front of people, horses, carriages and four wheelers. It was a strange and
unknown feeling, as everything could be an illusion. A state of confusion, nervousness and anxiety ran their
mind.

19. Describe the character of Mary Morstan from Dr. Watson’s point of view.
Ans: From Dr. Watson’s point of view: When I first saw Mary, she was dressed simply but tastefully. I
could see that she was a person of limited means. Her expression was sweet and pleasant, and I could make
out that her nature was refined and sensitive. My calculations told me that she was about 27 years old. She
was agitated by the mystery surrounding her life. I found her attractive, though her face did not have regular
features or a beautiful complexion. Her eyes showed that she was a sympathetic person. I was much
impressed by her and attracted to her.
20. Sherlock Holmes is the leading character in the extract. Explain.
Ans: It is Sherlock Holmes who is the detective and the leading character. Mary Morstan had come to ask
his advice about a problem that she was facing. Holmes was the one who took the lead and found out about
Major Sholto; it was Holmes who analysed the handwriting in the letter that Mary had received. Holmes
was sharp, accurate, intelligent and methodical. He had an excellent record of solving cases, and his
deductions were always correct. Watson was merely his friend who helped him and kept a record of his
cases.
21. Dr. Watson, the narrator, is one of the major characters in the novel. Illustrate.
Ans: Dr. Watson is the narrator. He was present when the case was brought to Holmes by Mary Morstan.
He is generally always with Holmes, helping him to solve cases. He accompanied Holmes whenever
necessary. He also kept a record of all the cases that Holmes was a part of. In this extract, he is present
when Mary recounts her case, and he accompanies Holmes and Mary to meet the writer of the anonymous
letter. (He marries Mary in the end.)
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22. Holmes is always one step ahead of Dr. Watson in solving cases. Elucidate.
Ans: Where Watson is emotional, simple and trustful, Holmes is sharp, objective and methodical. Holmes is
also analytical and notices the little details which give him clues to solving a case. Watson does not, and
hence is often on the wrong track. Holmes is the real detective, while Watson is merely his companion.
Holmes is always ahead of Watson and solves cases which Watson is not even near to cracking.

23. The trio-Holmes, Dr. Watson and Mary decide to visit Lyceum Theatre.
Ans: Mary had received an anonymous letter asking her to be outside the Lyceum Theatre on a particular
night at seven o’clock. The letter said that it would be to Mary’s advantage if she came. The letter also
mentioned that she could bring two friends with her. However, she did not have any friends who could
accompany her, and so she asked Holmes and Watson if they could do so. They agreed. Hence, Holmes, Dr.
Watson and Mary decide to visit Lyceum Theatre. This was the first step to solving the case.

24. Mary received pearls every year on the same day.

Ans: Major Sholto, Mary’s father’s friend, had cheated Mary’s father of his share in the Agra treasure.
When he died, Major Sholto informed his son Thaddeus of this. Though Thaddeus did not have the treasure,
he tried to rectify the matter to a certain extent by sending Mary a rare and expensive pearl every year, on
the same day as he sent the first one.
25. Holmes carefully examined the paper given by Mary.
Ans: Mary had found a curious paper in her father’s desk which no one could understand. Holmes deduced
from the colour of the paper that it was an important document. He felt it was related in some way to the
mystery on hand. Hence, he examined it carefully to get some clues which would help to solve the mystery.
26. Explain by citing references from the extract the ways the series of actions moves from London to
India.
Ans: The extract begins when Mary Morstan meets Sherlock Holmes at his house in London. They then
meet Thaddeus Sholto in a rundown neighbourhood of London. Thaddeus reveals that his father Major
Sholto had mistakenly killed Captain Morstan in London. They then go to Bartholomew Sholto’s house to
get the treasure; however, Bartholomew is found dead.
Holmes follows Jonathan Small and Tonga, who have escaped by a steam launch, over the river Thames in
London. When Small is captured, he tells them about the time he spent in India, where he was an
accomplice in stealing the Agra treasure. Thus, the narration goes to India. Major Sholto and Captain
Morstan were also at one time stationed in India.

27. Describe in brief the importance of the following places in the extract.
(a) London
(b) Lyceum Theatre
(c) Edinburgh
(d) Agra
(e) Andaman Islands
Ans:
(a) London: The case starts here with Mary Morstan meeting Holmes at his place in London. They go to
meet Thaddeus Sholto in London. They also chase Jonathan Small and Tonga in London. Tonga is killed
and Small captured. Small then narrates the entire story.

(b) Lyceum Theatre: This is the place near which the writer of the anonymous letter told Mary Morstan to
reach if she wished to get justice.

(c) Edinburgh: Mary spent her childhood till she was seventeen at a boarding school in Edinburgh.

(d) Agra: When Jonathan Small was standing guard one night at the Agra fortress, he was overpowered by
two Sikh troopers, who forced him to waylay a servant of a Rajah and steal a valuable fortune in pearls and
jewels. This was called the ‘Agra treasure’.

(e) Andaman Islands: Jonathan Small was arrested and imprisoned on the Andaman Islands for the robbery
of the Agra treasure. After 20 years, Small made a deal with John Sholto and Arthur Morstan, who were the

227
prison guards. Sholto would recover the treasure and in return send a boat to pick up Small and the Sikhs.
Sholto double-crossed both Morstan and Small and stole the treasure for himself. Small vowed vengeance
and four years later escaped from the Andaman Islands with an islander named Tonga after they both killed
a prison guard.

28. Write in brief the theme of the extract.

Ans: The theme of the extract revolves round the mystery of the disappearance of Mary Morstan’s father,
the receipt of expensive pearls by Mary and the mysterious letter received by her. It also involves the
journey of Holmes, Watson and Mary Morstan to a strange house to meet the writer of the mysterious letter.
The theme of the novel revolves around the Agra treasure.
29. Write 4-5 sentences about the meeting of Miss Morstan with Holmes.
Ans: Miss Morstan met Holmes and Watson at their house in Baker Street. She then discussed with them
the mysterious disappearance of her father a few years earlier, the receipt of an expensive pearl every year
for the past six years, and the receipt of a mysterious letter that morning asking her to meet the writer of the
letter. Miss Morstan was intensely agitated and confused and did not know what to do. She showed Holmes
the pearls, the boxes in which they had come and the letter. Then they planned to follow the instructions and
meet the writer of the letter.
30. Write the central idea of the given extract of the novel, “The Sign of Four”.
Ans: The central idea is the meeting of Mary Morstan with Holmes and Watson, and her explanation of her
problems. It is also about the short trip made by the three to meet I the writer of the mysterious letter. This
is Watson’s first meeting with Miss Morstan and his attraction towards her.

31. Write the central idea of the given extract of the novel, “The Sign of Four”.
Ans: The central idea is the meeting of Mary Morstan with Holmes and Watson, and her explanation of her
problems. It is also about the short trip made by the three to meet I the writer of the mysterious letter. This
is Watson’s first meeting with Miss Morstan and his attraction towards her.

32. Following are some dialogues of the major characters in the extract. Find out who the speaker is,
his/her tone, style, significance, etc. of the dialogue.

A) “You really are an automaton – a calculating machine”.

Ans: These words are said by Watson to Holmes when Mary Morstan had left after discussing her case.
Watson is attracted to her and full of admiration for her. When he voices his admiration, Holmes says that
he had not noticed if she is attractive or not. Watson is indignant and calls him a calculating machine.

B) “The letter speaks of giving her justice.” Discuss.

Ans: These are the words of Holmes to Watson, when they are discussing the letter that Mary Morstan has
received from an unknown person. He wondered what was the ‘justice’ that the letter spoke of, and who had
done something wrong to Mary that she now needed justice.

C) “Our quest does not appear to take us to very fashionable regions.”

Ans: These words are said by Holmes to Watson and Mary Morstan, when they are being driven by the
coachman to some strange place. They were going through narrow streets in an unfriendly and grim
neighbourhood, which had dull brick rows of houses and cheap and showy public houses at the comer.
Holmes mentions that this was not a very fashionable or rich neighbourhood.

Character sketch of:

a) Abdullah Khan: He is an Indian man and one of the signatories of "the sign of the four" and the man
who told Jonathan Small about the Agra treasure.

b) Dost Akbar: He is an Indian man and one of the signatories of "the sign of the four." He lures the
mechant-the man who is carrying the Agra treasure into the trap set by the other men.

c) Mahomet Singh: He is an Indian man and one of the signatories of "the sign of the four." He colluded
with Jonathan Small, Abdullah Khan and Dost Akbar to seize the Agra treasure.

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d) Jonathan Small: He is the wooden-legged man who seeks vengeance on Major Sholto for the theft of
the Agra treasure. He is one of “the four” original men who acquired the treasure. He has lived a tough life,
having lost his leg to a crocodile while serving as a soldier in India for the British Army. While guarding the
Agra fortress during the Indian Mutiny, Small was brought in on a plan to acquire the treasure with
Abdullah Khan and Mahomet Singh, who were guards under his command (the fourth man, Dost Akbar,
was the foster brother of Abdullah Khan). Small was sent to a penal colony on the Andaman Islands for his
role in the killing of the merchant who had possession of the Agra treasure. On the islands, Small met
Captain Morstan and Major Sholto, letting them in on the secret about the treasure in exchange for help with
his escape. Sholto, however, double-crossed the others and fled to England with the treasure. Small
managed to escape the Andaman Islands with his companion, Tonga, and searched for Sholto, eventually
managing to recover the treasure from Pondicherry Lodge, the Sholto family home. His victory doesn’t last
long, however, as Holmes soon catches up with him and brings about his imprisonment. Small scatters the
jewels of the Agra treasure into the Thames to prevent anyone else from enjoying their riches

e) Major Sholto : Major Sholto was an officer and friend of Arthur Morstan. He was the one who was
originally approached about the location of the treasure, as Jonathan Small believed that his greed would
make him an easy target. Sholton is tasked with the retrieval of the treasure, but takes it all for himself,
leaving Small and Morstan without anything. When Morstan later confronts him, Morstan has a heart attack
and dies. Sholto hides the body and keeps the treasure. He lives the rest of his life plagued by extreme guilt
and fear. He dies after seeing Jonathan Small’s face.

f) Thaddeus Sholto : Major Sholto’s son, Thaddeus is is the one who sends the pearls to Mary Morstan. He
does this to try to share his wealth after finding that his father was involved in Major Morstan’s death. He
collects art, and contacts Holmes when he finds that his brother has located the treasure chest. He is heavily
disappointed in his father’s actions. He is in constantly poor health, and is very twitchy and nervous.
Thaddeus is originally arrested as a suspect in his brother’s murder, as it was known that they fought the
night before the murder.

g) Bartholomew Sholto : Bartholomew is Thaddeus’s twin brother and Major Sholto’s son. He doesn’t like
to share wealth or information with Holmes or Morstan. Bartholomew discovers the chest and is later killed
by Tonga with a poison dart.

h) Jonathan Small : Small is the antagonist of the story. Small has a wooden leg, which he got following
an accident involving a crocodile. He was one of “the four," a group of men who discovered a cache of
jewels. After this, an uprising occurred and Small was captured. In prison, he passes on the secret to Majors
Morstan and Sholto. Morstan retrieves the jewels, but betrays the others, leaving Small in prison. When
Small gets out he heads to England to try to get his share. He believes that he and the rest of “the four” are
the only ones entitled to the treasure. When almost captured, he dumps the jewels in the river. He enlisted
Tonga to help him in his quest. Small is not afraid to resort to violence to achieve his goals, although he was
displeased when Tonga killed Bartholomew. Small has a beard and is very tan. He also has a very lined
face.

i) Tonga : Tonga is an islander who is absolutely devoted to Small. Small nursed Tonga back to health
when Tonga was ill. He helps Small escape and break into Sholto’s house. Tonga is the one who killed
Bartholomew. He is now considered to be a rather racist character, with Doyle describing him as
“animalistic” and “savage." This reflects the Eurocentric mindset of Doyle's time.

*************

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 SECTION : 5
UNSEEN EXTRACT
EXTRACT: 1
Q1) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

What writers struggle to express through numerous newspaper columns, the cartoon manages in a pointed
one-liner. Little wonder then, that the first thing most of us like to see when we pick up a newspaper is the
cartoon. Simple though it may seem, making a cartoon an art that requires a combination of hard work,
training and a good sense of humour. Cartoonists say that the cartoons that make us laugh the most are in
fact the cartoons that are hardest to make. Even celebrated cartoonists like R.K.Laxman admit that making
a cartoon is not a piece of cake. Laxman says he has to wait for over six hours, which includes spending a
lot of time scanning newspapers and television channels before any idea strikes him.
So how does one become a cartoonist? Which of us has the talent to make it? How can we master the rib-
tickling strokes and the witty one liners? How can we make people smile or laugh? There are few colleges
or schools for cartoonists. Most cartoonists come from art colleges, while some learn the craft on their
own. Most established cartoonists are of the view that no institute can teach you to make a cartoon. "You
can pick up the craft, you may learn to sketch and draw in institutes, but no one can teach anyone how to
make a good cartoon," says Uday Shanker, a cartoonist with Navbharat Times. While basics, like drawing
and sketching can be learnt in an art college, and are important skills, these alone, do not make a good
cartoonist. Because it's a question of one's creativity and sense of humour, two qualities one simply may
not have. The advice established cartoonists give is that just because you can sketch, don't take it for
granted that you will become a cartoonist.

A1. Rewrite the following sentences as per their occurrence in the extract. (2)
a) Most cartoonists come from art colleges, while some learn the craft on their own.
b) R.K. Laxman admits that making a cartoon is not a piece of cake.

c) Cartoonist advice that just because you can sketch, don't take it for granted that you will become a
cartoonist.

d) The first thing that most of us like to see, when we pick up a newspaper is the cartoon.

A2. Mention from the extract, the qualities which are required to be a good cartoonist. (2)

A3. R.K. Laxman, the famous Cartoonist admits that making a cartoon is not a piece of cake. Explain. (2)

A4 .Express your views regarding the importance of cartoons in the newspapers. (2)

A5. Rewrite the following sentences as instructed. (2)

(i) You may learn to sketch and draw in institutes. (Choose the correct alternative in which modal
auxiliary showing 'advice' is used and rewrite.)
a) You will learn to sketch and draw in institutes
b) You need to learn to sketch and draw in institutes.
c) You should learn to sketch and draw in institutes.
d) You shall learn to sketch and draw in institutes.

(ii) Making a cartoon is an art that requires a combination of hard work and training. (Choose the
correct alternative to transform the given sentence into a complex sentence.)
a) Making a cartoon is an art which requires a combination of hard work and training.
b) Making a cartoon is an art what requires a combination of hard work and training.
c) Making a cartoon is an art when requires a combination of hard work and training.
d) Making a cartoon is an art and requires a combination of hard work and training.
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A6. Match the words in column 'A' with their antonyms in column 'B': (2)

A B
1 Rib-tickling a Genius
2 Witty b Serious
3 Spending c Silly
4 Talent d Saving
e Inability

(B) Summary Writing: (3 Marks)

Write a summary of the above extract with a suitable title. Take the help of the given points/hints.
[Most of us like to see cartoons- to create cartoons is the difficult part, learn from institutes-qualities needed
to be a cartoonist.]

EXTRACT: 2
Q.2. A.Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Needless pain and anguish could be avoided if social media, including smses, blogs and Twitter are used
responsibly. Twitter.com is a microblogging site that allows users to send updates (or "tweets" as they are
called text-based posts that are up to 140 characters long) via sms and instant messaging.
In recent times, irresponsible and even misleading updates have had near-catastrophic repercussion. Of
course, there is no doubt about, say, Twitter's contribution during the Mumbai siege. It provided huge
amount of information at lightning speed about a confusing and rapidly changing series of unfortunate
events. In some cases, Twitter was faster than television and internet on the updates. The tweets also
offered practical help by connecting blood banks, helping people reach their loved ones and constantly
updated the casualties list.
But, apparently, a few individuals used social media to spread confusion. Many are especially fond of
redistributing new and interesting tidbits posted on Twitter or sent by sms. Unfortunately, this is done
without much thought. It is therefore, a good idea to contemplate before pressing the "send" button.
If a post or sms doesn't cite a source, make sure to ask for one. If your source request gets no response or
a vague one at best, don't pass it on. But if you think the information is time-sensitive and possibly
crucial, take care to say it's an unconfirmed report. Tagging this bit could save undue panic.

A1. Complete the flow-chart showing the uses of Twitter. (2)

Uses of twitter

A2. Explain twitter. (2)

A3. Write in your own words, how twitter was useful during the Mumbai siege. (2)
A4. Do you think before you press the ‘send’ button for ‘Twitter/SMS etc’? Justify your answer. (2)
A5. Language study: (2)
i) There is no doubt about Twitter's contribution during the Mumbai siege. (Make it a rhetorical question
and rewrite) (1)
ii) It is a good idea to contemplate before pressing the 'send' button. (Use a modal auxiliary showing
'duty' and rewrite) (1)

231
A6. Vocabulary: (2)
Find out from the extract, the words which mean:
(a) think (b) indirect effect (c) ruin (d) serious accident
Q.2.B.Summary. (3 Marks)
Write a summary of the above passage in about three or four sentences with the help of the following
points. Add a suitable title.
[Effect of twitter -------------- sensible use ---------------- harms caused by irresponsible sender -----------
precautions taken]

EXTRACT: 3
Q.3.Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Urea is a major product of nitrogen metabolism in humans. It is eliminated from the body mainly by the
kidneys through urine. Urea levels in body fluids, such as blood and saliva, rise drastic under certain
kidney dysfunctions. Heart failure, hypovolemic shock, gastrointestinal bleeding and severe infections can
also l to a rise. Thus, urea in blood and saliva provides key information on renal function and helps
diagnose various disorders.
Most methods for estimating urea in body fluids are based colorimetry. These methods are time-
consuming and involve painful blood extraction. Collecting saliva is non-evasive and research correlated
salivary and blood urea levels.
Recently scientists from the IIT-D and the AIIMS, New De successfully developed a smartphone based
optical biosensor detect urea in saliva. To fabricate the sensor, they directly immobilized the urease
enzyme with a pH indicator on a filter paper based strip. As response to the urea on saliva the paper strip
changes colour. The red, green and blue levels help measure urea concentration.
The scientists used the slope method, sensor response change per unit time, instead of the differential
method, the difference in sensor response between two time intervals, to increase sensitivity and eliminate
interference by variations in ambient light. The team clinically validated spiked saliva samples and
samples from healthy volunteers.
The smartphone application with paper strip can even be operated by non-professionals with limited
training. This saves time and cost spent on bulky spectroscopic procedures. The report can revolutionise
medical screening of large populations. And such mass screening of diseases would boost national health.

A1. Complete the following sentences: (2)

(1) The two organizations that conducted the research to develop a smartphone based optical bio-sensor are
and..............................
(2) The ................. and …………………….. methods were used in the research instead of the differential
method.
A2. Complete the following sentence using the correct alternatives from those given below: (2)
Two objectives to conduct the research are...……………………...
(a) Colorimetry method used to estimate urea in body fluids consumes more time.
(b) Information obtained from the presence of urea in blood and saliva is not helpful to diagnose various
diseases.
(c) Collecting samples of saliva is a non-invasive procedure.
(d) Blood extraction is the easiest and less painful exercise.
A3. Write two benefits of the smartphone-based optical biosensor. (2)
A4. ‘Research revolutionises the lifestyle of people in all spheres of life.’ Do you agree? Explain with an
example in about 25 words. (2)
232
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(1) These methods are time-consuming and painful. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘as well as’)
(2) The smartphone application with paper-strip can be operated. (Begin the sentence with ‘ They.....’)
A6. Find out similar-meaning words from the extract for the following words: (2)
(1) specimen (2) extremely (3) focus (4) remove

B Summary:
Write a summary of the above extract with the following points. Suggest a suitable title. (3 Marks)
(Research by the organisations ……. methods adopted reasons for the research …….. advantages.)

EXTRACT: 4
Q.4. (A) Read the following extract and complete the activity given below: (12 Marks)

'I want my photograph to be taken.' I said. Everybody knows what a photographer is like. Sit there,' he
said, 'and wait.' I waited an hour. I read the Ladies Companion for 1912, the Girl's Magazine for 1902, and
the Infants' Journal for 1888. I began to see that I had done an impertinent thing in breaking in on the
privacy of this man's scientific pursuit with a face like miner After an hour the photographer opened an
inner door. Come in." he said severely. I went into the studio. Sit down,' said the photographer, I sat down
in a beam of sunlight filtered through a sheet of factory cotton hung against a frosted window.
The photographer rolled a machine in to the middle of the room and crawled into it from a behind. He was
only in a second - just time enough for one look at me - and then he was out again, tearing at the cotton
sheet and the window panes with a hooked stick, apparently frantic for light and air.
Then he crawled back in to the machine again and drew a little black cloth over himself. This time he was
very quiet in there. I knew that he was praying and kept still. When the photographer came out at last, he
looked very grave and shook his head.
The face is quite wrong," he said.
I know, I answered quietly. I have always known.'
He sighed.
‘I think," he said, the face would be better three quarters full.’
‘I'm sure it would be. I said enthusiastically, for I was glad to find that the man had such a human side to
him. So would yours. In fact I continued,’ how many faces one sees that are apparently hard, narrow,
limited, but the minute you get the three-quarters full they get wide, large, almost boundless in –‘
But the photographer ceased to listen. He come over and took my head in his hand and twisted it in
sideways. I thought he meant to kiss me, and I closed my eyes.
But I was wrong.
He twisted my face as far as it would go and then stood looking at it.
He sighed again.
I don't like the head," he said.
Then he went back to the machine and took another look.
‘Open the mouth a little,’ he said.
I started to do so.

A1 Choose the right answer from the options given and rewrite the sentence. (2)
(1) The narrator waits outside the photographer's studio for_____________
(a) less than hour. (b) an hour (c) more than two hours (d) two hours
(ii) While waiting for his photograph at studio narrator read a journal named _______________
(a) Infants for 1888 (b) Ladies Companion for 1912 (c) Girls Magazine for 1902 (d) Biometrics

233
(iii) The photographer crawled into the machine for just a second and came out again clearly for
______
(a) cotton sheets (c) light and air (b) window panes (d) curtains

(iv) When the narrator says 'I know that he was praying and I kept still' he is being ______________
(a) serious (b) ironic (c) sarcastic (d) humorous

A2. Complete the following: (2)

When the photographer called the author in through the inner door he ___________________
A3 "I had done an impertinent thing in breaking in on the privacy of this man's scientific pursuit with a face
like mine". Interpret the statement.
A4.Describe your own experience in FIFTY words while you had been to the photographer's studio to click
your photograph. (2)
A5 Language study: (2)
(1) The photographer looked at me without enthusiasm. (Find out the correct passive voice sentence of
the given sentence from the given options and rewrite it)
(a) Without enthusiasm me was looked at by the photographer.
(b) I looked at by the photographer without enthusiasm.
(c) Me without enthusiasm was looked at by the photographer.
(d) I was looked at without enthusiasm by the photographer.

(ii) He was a thin man in a grey suit, with the dim eyes of the natural scientist. (Use 'and' and rewrite the
sentence)
A6 Vocabulary: (2)
Match the words given in column A with and rewrite their meanings given in and rewrite.

A B
i Frantic a excited interest/ enthusiasm
ii Sigh b irrelevant
iii Enthusiasm c In state of panic or rush
iv Impertinent d deep prolonged audible inhale or exhale of breath
e to shorten/narrow/lessen

Q.2.B.Write a brief summary of the above extract with a suitable title with the help of the
given clues. (3 Marks)
[Author's visit to studio......... Photographer's response author's use of time........... Photographer's
efforts....photographer's methods/instructions.]

234
 EXTRACT: 5
Q.5. (A) Read the following extract and complete the activity given below: (12 Marks)

My son starts school today. It is all going to be strange and new to him for a while and I wish you would
treat him gently. It is an adventure that might take him across continents. All the adventures probably
include wars, tragedy and sorrow. To live this life will require faith, love and courage.
So, dear teachers, will you please take him by his hand and teach him things he will have to know- but
gently, if you can. Teach him that for every enemy, there is a friend. He will have to know that all men are
not just, that all men are not true. But teach him also that for every scoundrel there is a hero that for every
crooked politician, there is a dedicated leader.
Teach him if you can that 10 cents earned is of far more value than a dollar found. In school, teach him it
is far more honourable to fall than to cheat. Teach him to learn how to gracefully lose and enjoy winning
when he does win.
Teach him to gentle with people, tough with tough people. Steer him away from envy if you can and teach
him the secret of quiet laughter. Teach him if you can- how to laugh when he is sad, teach him there is no
shame in tears. Teach him there can be glory in failure and despair in success. Teach him to scoff at
cynics.
Teach him if you can the wonders of books, but also give time to ponder the extreme mystery of birds in
the sky, bees in the sun and flowers on a green hill. Teach him to have faith in his own ideas, even if
everyone tells him they are wrong.
Try to give my son strength not to follow the crowd when everyone else is doing it. Teach him to listen to
everyone, but teach him also to filter all that he hears on a screen of truth and take only the good that
comes through.
Teach him to sell his talents and brains to the highest bidder but never to put a price tag on his heart and
soul. Let him have the courage to be impatient, let him have the patience to be brave. Teach him to have
sublime faith in himself, because then he will always have sublime faith in mankind, in God. This is the
order, teachers but see what best you can do. He is a nice little boy and my son. (Abraham Lincoln's Letter
to His Son's Teacher)

A1. Read the following four statements and find out two most suitable statements that summarises
the extract. (2)
(i) The extract is about Abraham Lincoln's passion and zest for learning.
(ii) The extract deals about what school should do or should not do.
(iii) The extract speaks about Lincoln's belief that education is a potential tool for building up the all-round
personality of the student.
(iv) The extract deals with Lincoln's appeal to the teacher to be lenient as well as strict with the students.

A2 Complete the following statements: (2)

(i) According to Lincoln child can save himself from imitating the crowd by _________
(ii) According to Lincoln adventure means _________________

A3. It is far more honourable to fail than to cheat'. Explain the statement about 50 words. (2)
A4 Describe your views in about 50 words about teachers/schools contribution in the personality
development of a child/student. (2)
A5 Language study: (2)
(i) You would treat him gently. (Find out the correct sentence from the given options in which modal
auxiliary showing 'advice' is used and rewrite)
(a) You will treat him gently.
(b) You need to treat him gently.
(c) You should treat him gently.
(d) You shall treat him gently.

235
(ii) It is an adventure that might take him across continents. (Remove ’that’ and rewrite)
A6 Vocabulary: (2)

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given in the box and rewrite.

(crooked, scoff, steer, sublime)

(a) The whole of Sahyadri mountains are abounding in picturesque and___________ scenery.
(b) He was trying to involve me in another____________________ deal.
(c) When planning the boat trip, we had completely forgotten that we needed somebody to ____________
(d) His enemy ________________ at his 'tear drops".

Q. 2. (B) Write a summary of the above extract in short with the help of the given clues and suggest a
suitable title. (3 Marks)
Abraham Lincoln's letter to the teacher____________ adventures _________humanity_________
honesty____________ child tackle ups and down in life___________ book reading_____________ not to
follow crowd _____________message ______________conclusion

EXTRACT : 6
Q.6. (A) Read the following extract and complete the activity given below: (12 Marks)

Dear friends.
I realise how the contributions of the youth in the past have continuously contributed to the world of today
in many fields. I would like to assert that no youth today need to fear about the future. Why? The ignited
mind of the youth is the most powerful resource on the earth, under the earth and above the earth. Dear
young friends I would like to talk to you on the topic 'I am born with wings.
Last year I went to a village to inaugurate a programme called Sasthrayaan, which means the propagation
of science. The mission of Sasthrayaan was to ensure the preparation of about two thousand students from
different schools, towards making them eligible to be an engineers, scientists, doctors, qualified managers,
and civil servants. This action would be, in turn, empower about two thousand families of the village. My
inaugural address to a mixed audience, consisting of five thousand students and their family members was
on the topic, Science Empower the Nation.
After my address, hundreds of hands were raised for asking questions. Due to the limited availability of
time, I selected twelve students at random, from the last row to the first, to ask questions. I would like to
share with you one question of great concern which was asked by a student.
The question was from a teenager who had come from far away village. He was nervous and typical
representative of the youth of India. The boy began speaking, "Sir, I don't know what I should ask. I am
nervous. I have not asked any question in my class. I need to have confidence. but I have not gained any
confidence through my education during all these years. I am afraid to talk to my teachers. I am afraid to
talk to my friends. Whenever I talk. I compare myself with other students and their elegant dress. Please
tell me. I want to become a marine engineer. I want to travel in a ship. I want to be the captain of the ship.
I want to build the engine of the ship. Shall I be able to do all these, sir? How can I achieve this mission?
What should I do? When the boy completed the question the entire audience and the dignitaries on the
dais including the Chief Minister, were looking at me wondering what Kalam was going to say to the
sincere question of a Young village going boy.

A1.Read the following statements and write down TWO statements which explain the theme of
the extract. (2)
(i) Dr. Abdul Kalam's visit to a village to inaugurate a programme called Sastrayaan.
(ii) Dr. Abdul Kalam's message to the youths about being successful and unique.
(iii) Youth is the most creative, confident and they have the capacity to achieve or to reach
any height.
(iv) To tell us the story about a village youth who had no confidence in himself.
236
A2. Complete the following: (2)
(i) The mission Sasthrayaan was about _____________________
(ii) The boy's concern was about ___________________________
A3. The ignited mind of the youth is the most powerful resource on the earth, under the earth, and above the
earth. Explain. (2)
A4.Imagine that you were present during this speech delivered by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam . After listening
his speech, write some inspiring ideas about your future that came across in your mind in three to four
sentences. (2)

A5 Language study: (2)

(i) The ignited mind of the youth is the most powerful resource on the earth. (Rewrite beginning with "No
other................")
(ii) He was nervous and a typical representative of the youth of India. (Rewrite using 'ing' form of the
underlined word)
A6 Vocabulary: (2)
Find out the words for the following from the extract and rewrite.
(i) platform/stage (ii) spread/promote (iii) to give confidence/strength (iv) to induct/initiate

Q. 2. (B) Summary: (3 Marks)

Write a brief summary of the above extract with the help of the points given below and suggest a
suitable title.
[Youths contribution today_____ ignited minds___science empower the nation _______ students
question____dignitaries reaction.]

EXTRACT : 7
Q.7. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

To read a lot is essential. It is stupid not to venture outside the examination 'set books' or the textbooks you
have chosen for intensive study. Read as many books in English as you can, not as a duty but for pleasure.
Do not choose the most difficult books you find, with the idea of listing and learning as many new words as
possible: choose what is likely to interest you and be sure in advance, that it is not too hard. You should not
have to be constantly looking up new words in the dictionary, for that deadens interest and checks real
learning. Look up a word here and there, but as a general policy try to push ahead, guessing what words
mean from the context. It is extensive and not intensive reading that normally helps you to get interested in
extra reading and thereby improve your English. You should enjoy the feeling which extensive reading
gives. As you read you will become more and more familiar with words and sentence patterns you already
know, understanding them better and better as you meet them in more and more contexts, some of which
may differ only slightly from others. Some people say that we cannot learn to speak a language better with
the help of a book. To believe that the spoken language and written language are quite different things. This
is not so.

A1. Based on the extract, pick out and write down the two correct sentences: (2)
(1) You must choose the most difficult books you can find to read.
(2) You must choose what is likely to interest you
(3) You must read books for pleasure.
(4) You should be constantly looking up new words in the dictionary.
A2.Write down the different steps that are suggested to improve reading. (2)
237
A3. Explain what some people say about learning the spoken form of a language. (2)
A4. What will you do to improve your English? (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(1) Some people say that we cannot learn to speak a language better with the help of a book. (Rewrite it
using 'be able to)
(2) It is extensive. (Make it a rhetorical question.)
A6. Choose the correct options: (2)
(1) ‘You should not have to be constantly looking up new words in the dictionary, for that deadens interest
and checks real learning’. The underlined word here means:
(a) develops (b) deprives of (c) creates
(2) "You should enjoy the feeling which extensive reading gives.’the underlined word here means:
(a) covering a large area (b) supplementary (c) creative

B Summary: (3 Marks)
Write a summary of the above extract with the help of the following points. Suggest a suitable title.
( Read a lot - outside the textbooks-for pleasure - avoid difficult books - read interesting ones - avoid
dictionary - guess meanings- extensive and not intensive reading - different opinions.)

EXTRACT : 8
Q.8. Read the extract and complete the activities given: (12 Marks)

The call of the seas has always found an echo in me. Not being rich enough to roam them in a private yacht,
I have taken the poor man's way out-swim across them! I have always been fascinated by the Indian Ocean -
whether at Mumbai, at Puri or at Gopalpur. I have swum at all these places and have felt the thrill. But the
idea of swimming the Palk Straits did not occur to me until after I had swum the English Channel, Steeped
in the history and tradition of this nation, practically unconquered, teeming with he raising hazards, the seas
between India and Sri Lanka had all the elements of challenge, danger and difficulty that tempt me. By way
of preparation I continued a strict and rigorous course of training which had begun in 1960. I had also to
collect a comprehensi range of facts and information about this sea. Neither was easy.

Despite all the information I had gathered, I soon found that y little was known about the Palk Straits,
especially about the tids and currents. Everything about the English Channel is known: the is a Channel
Swimming Association, there are trained pilots, the are boats to be hired, accurate weather forecasts to be
had for the asking, dependable tide tables and every other form of assistance readily available. All that one
needed was money. Here in the Par Straits one had first to find out where information could be obtained and
then to decide how much of it was incorrect or misleading!

A1. Pick out the sentences that are false and rewrite the correctly: (2)
(1) The narrator had swum in the Palk Straits before Swimming in the English Channel.
(2) The narrator was rich enough to roam the seas in a private yacht.
(3) Swimming in the Palk Straits was a challenge to the narrator.
(4) Not much was known about the tides and currents in Palk Straits.

238
A2. Give reasons: (2)
It is easier to swim the English Channel because :
i)………………… ii) ……………………… iii) ……………………… iv) ……………………
A3. Explain why the idea of swimming the Palk Straits was tempting to the narrator. (2)
A4. Would you like to lead an adventurous life? Why/Why not?
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(1) Not being rich enough to roam in a private yacht, I swim across them. (Rewrite as a compound
sentence)
(2) I have swum at all these places. (Rewrite using the present perfect continuous tense.)
A6. Pick out the correct noun forms of the following words from the given options: (2)
1) private: (a) privately (b) privacy (c) privet
2) fascinated: (a) fascinate (b) fascinatedly (c) fascination
3) accurate: (a) accurately (b) accuracy (c) accurative
4) available: (a) availability (b) avail (c) viable
B) Summary (3 Marks)
Write a brief summary of the above extract with the help of the points given below and suggest a
suitable title:
(The liking for the sea-attraction of the Palk Straits---------the comparison with the English Channel)

**********************

239
 MIND MAPPING

1. Develop a Mind Mapping frame/design using your own ideas to illustrate on

the topic ‘Benefits of Music’

240
2. Develop a Mind Mapping frame/design using your own ideas to illustrate on the
topic ‘Infectious Diseases’

241
3. Develop a Mind Mapping frame/design using your own ideas to illustrate on
the topic ‘Sports and its varieties’

Basket
Rugby
Ball

Soccer Football

Contact
Sports
Basketball Track

Baseball Cycling

Team Individual
SPORTS
Sports Sports

Football Golf

Hockey Tennis
Water
Sports

Water Water
Polo Aerobics

Diving Swimming

242
4. Develop a Mind Mapping frame/design using your own ideas to illustrate on
the topic ‘Forests and its benefits’

Medicinal
Fruits
use

Fire
Rivers
wood

Timber
Lakes
wood

FOREST Water
Wood
JUNGLES Sources

Coal Ponds

Wood for
Streams
furniture Soil

Absorbs
Black Soil
water

Red Soil

243
5. Develop a Mind Mapping frame/design using your own ideas to illustrate on the topic
‘Benefits of games and sports to students’

Mind

Fitness

Mind Body
Medals and Trophies
Inspiration

Dynamic
Personality Will to
Certificates
Win
Killer
Instinct
Benefits of
Focus Discipline Sports and Bigger Goals
Games to
Students

Group Attitude
Behaviour
Empathy Team Spirit Social
Development

Conflict
resolution Sportsmanship

Leadership Collective
Responsibility

244
 6. Develop a Mind Mapping frame/design using your own ideas to illustrate on the topic
‘Literary Genres’

Essays
Biographies Speeches

Diaries Autobiographies

NON FICTION
Pantomime Novels

Melodrama
Short Stories

Farce
DRAMA
LITERARY FICTION Myths
GENRES
Tragicomedies

Tales
Tragedies

Comedies Legends
POETRY

Songs Poems

Lyrics Sonnets

Pastorals Ballads

For Practice:
Develop a Mind Mapping frame/design using your own ideas to illustrate on the topic ‘
i) Parts of speech
ii) Proper Time Management
iii) Health is wealth
iv) Preparing for exam
v) Vitamins

245
 SECTION 7 : GRAMMAR
NON- TEXTUAL

1: ARTICLES
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE ARTICLES:

1. She is …………. United States senator.

2. Please give me………………….. ice -cube.

3. Mohan is _________active member of __________Janata Party.

4. Why are you reading ………………… book?

5. I live in___________ house. _________ house is quite old and has four bedrooms.

6. The priest taught us ……………………… alphabet and ……………………… morning prayer.

7. I used to go to ……………………… English school in ……………………… motor bus.

8. There were no dogs in ……………………… streets and she took to feeding sparrows in
……………………… courtyard of our city house.

9. ……………………… sparrows took no notice of ……………………… bread.

10. I was ……………………… only one in the team to get ……………………… medal.

11.On my return, Delhi gave me ……………………… warm welcome at ……………………… airport.

12. I was felicitated in Langol, ……………………… area that houses ……………………… government
quarters.

13. That first international medal, ……………………… silver, will always mean ……………………… lot
to me.

14. …………………… fight and all that followed are clearly etched in ……………………… memory that
can never be erased.

15. We were taken to ……………………… Bhagyachandra Open Air Theatre, where

……………………… grand reception was organised.

16. He can tell you what ……………………… weather was like in ……………………… long-past August
and the name of the provincial hotel.

17. Is it wrong to tell you about ……………………… vile meal during ……………………… summer?

18. It is only ……………………… very methodical man, I imagine, who can always remember to take
……………………… medicine his doctor has prescribed for him.

19. ……………………… very prospect of ……………………… new and widely advertised cure-all
delights me.

246
20. After that, it has ……………………… unadventurous life till ……………………… long chain of
circumstances leads to a number of embarrassing questions being asked.

21. I have ……………………… old-fashioned taste for them. I buy them frequently but no-sooner do I
visit a friend’s house, another stick is on its way into ……………………… lost world.

22. I put …………………… purse on …………………. table.

23. I saw some birds flying in …………………… sky.

24. I am waiting for ……………………… bus.

25. As soon as ………………….. train arrived, passengers rushed to board it.

26. Have you paid for …………………… drink?

27. She has published …………………….. book.

28. I have read ……………………… novel she wrote.

29. …………………….. girl looked gorgeous.

30. My younger brother is ……………………… doctor.

31. ………………………. dog wagged his tail.

32. That is ……………………… difficult question.

33. Do you know ……………………… answer?

247
 2: PREPOSITIONS
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS:

1. She was _____________ university when she heard about the death _____ her father.

2. We usually go on holidays _____________ plane but this year we are going to Italy _____________ car.

3. Let's go _____________ a walk. The weather is so great!

4. The train was travelling _____________ a speed of over 150 km an hour.

5. She got _____________ the bus at Oxford Street and got off five stops later.

6. Despite the bad weather all trains are running _____________ time.

7. Bats are mammals that are highly active _____________ night.

8. This village isn't even _____________ the map. It's so small.

9. We usually go to dance class ______________ Mondays.

10. _____________ nightfall over 10 inches of snow had fallen.

11. Doctors hope that the spread of the virus will slow down _____________ the summer.

12. Dad always reads his daughter’s bedtime stories _____________ the evening.

13. Let's meet _____________ noon. We can have lunch and sort things out.

14. The cat was playing with a ball _____________ the corner _____ Michael's room.

15. She has been a member of the committee _____________ 6 years.

16. What are we having _____________ dinner today?

17. __________ an average, the unemployment rate has been going up 1 per cent a year.

18. Take a seat. I'll be with you _____________ a minute.

19. We decided to meet _____________ the station.

20. The boss would like to have the report _____________ the end of the day at the latest.

21. Those trousers went out ______________ fashion many years ago.

22. We heard about the natural disaster ______________ the news.

23. I was ______________ the impression that we didn't want ____offend him.

24. Unemployment is _________________ the increase in many European countries.

25. It is difficult not ___________laugh ___________ his joke.

26. She finds it difficult ________climb ___________ a moving bus.

248
 3 : GERUND TO INFINITIVE

1 .Some people prefer getting up early in the morning. (Rewrite using infinitive)

2. He remembered to send the fax. (Rewrite using gerund)

3. It is however, difficult to explain the origins of speech. (Use gerund)

4. Nutrition is also of utmost importance in the cure of disease. (Rewrite using gerund)

5. It is indeed a wastage of human material to allow our finest sportsmen to languish in office or factory.
(Replace the underlined part with gerund)

6. To see is to believe. (Use gerund).

7. To die is better than to surrender. (Use gerund)

8. It is not easy to win when Manish is in the opposite team. (Use gerund)

9. A producer invests money in building up a reputation. (Rewrite using the infinitive form of the verb
underlined)

10. Overtaking the record was a mere formality. (Make Infinitive)

11. I intend to visit Mumbai next month. (Rewrite using a Gerund.)

12. I hate waiting at the crowded railway station. (Rewrite using infinitive form of the underlined word)

13. Making toys is no child’s play. (Use infinitive)

14. The jobs that men enjoy doing most, can always wait. (Rewrite using 'infinitive form of the under
lined verb.)

15. He preferred talk. (Rewrite the sentence using gerund)

16. But he refused to do so. (Rewrite the sentence using gerund)

17. Courage is sticking to your post in danger! (Make use of infinitive form of the gerund and rewrite
the sentence.)

18. Thinking of the daily bread and butter is usual for them. (Rewrite using the infinitive of the
underlined word.)

19. Food is the most essential factor in building and maintaining health. (Remove the underlined gerund
and rewrite using the infinitive forms of the words.)

20. It is better to starve than to beg. (Rewrite using the 'gerund form' of the underlined phrases.)

249
4: AS SOON AS …………………………. NO SOONER THAN
1. I will make the announcement as soon as I reach the office.( Use No sooner…. Than)

2. When a whole people become full of faith, ordinary men and women become heroes. ( Use No sooner….
Than)
3. As soon as they see the lion, they run away. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

4. As soon as the thief sees the police, he runs away. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

5. As soon as the sun sets, the stars begin to shine. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

6. When the moon rises it turns into glittering silver.( Use No sooner…. Than)

7. As soon as one shed catches fire, all the rest will be gutted soon. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

8. As soon as I reached the platform, the train left. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

9. As soon as the thief ran out of the jail, the guard fired at him. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

10. As soon as it started raining, the farmers became happy.( Use No sooner…. Than)

11. As soon as the thief heard the noise, he ran away. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

12. As soon as the king finished speaking, the people began to cheer him. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

13. As soon as the results were declared, the students cheered loudly. ( Use No sooner…. Than)

14. When the tower tumbles, he learns to approach the task in a different way. (Use ‘as soon as’ )

15. She is quick and careful enough to stop it as soon as it reaches the right figure.( Use No sooner….
Than)

16. No sooner did the teacher reach the school than the children gathered around him. (Use as soon as)

17. With Kapil Dev's entry, it was a different ball game. (Use as soon as)

18. No sooner does the teacher enter the class room than the students stand up. (Use as soon as)

19. No sooner do they break the tree they cut it into small pieces. (Use as soon as)

20. No sooner did he finish his dinner, he went to his friend. (Use as soon as)

21. No sooner had we reached home than it started raining. (Use as soon as)

250
 5 : NOT ONLY ……………. BUT ALSO

1. Ordinary toys do much more than entertain the child.

2. It was indeed a challenging job for her and for her followers.

3. She was emotional and strong willed.

4. They must be kept at home. They must be looked after.

5. Its utility is steadily declining and soil quality is deteriorating.

6. He likes cakes. He likes biscuits too.

7. Ramesh plays cricket and hockey.

8. It was raining in the morning as well as in the evening.

9. His behaviour was cool. He had moral courage too.

10. Hard work and perseverance and not mere talent can bring results.

11. The nation has need of their powers and attainments.

12. Besides being a tailor, she is also a dress designer.

13. They turn over the soil again and again and keep it soft.

251
 6: ASSERTIVE INTO EXCLAMATORY

1. This is a very good development.

2. You have a wonderful family

3. It is nice to meet you.

4. The forest was very beautiful in early summer.

5. It grew very bright.

6. Boys and girls everywhere are very beautiful.

7. This is a very good development.

8. Makers of house hold appliances and electrical gadgets are much delighted.

9. He was a funny - looking man.

10. The climate is extremely pleasant.

11. The task has been very laborious.

12. It has been a very long and colourful journey.

13. Advertising is very necessary in the case of new commodities.

14. You are very fortunate.

15. The region becomes cold in winter.

16. The journey to Yamunotri is extremely pleasant.

17. His mouth was very dry.

18. He was a very brave man.

252
 7 : ASSERTIVE INTO INTERROGATIVE
1) I was happy all the way.

2) Woman can be protected.

3) No one escape death.

4) They shouldn't be marked out from their youth.

5) The bullock carts should certainly have reflectors.

6) Towns should not be allowed to develop in the immediate vicinity of highways.

7) Raju should be in school.

8) Advertising is also a guarantee of quality.

9) That sounds more like it.

10) I am not saying that old tradition is to be given up.

11) It is one-sided affair.

12) Mohan is not foolish enough to believe these lies.

13) My father is not the oldest man in this society.

14) The houses in the villages are smaller than those in the cities.

15) Smoking is not a healthy habit.

16) Hannibal was not known for his kindness to the enemy.

253
 8: INTERROGATIVE INTO ASSERTIVE:
1. Should we neglect our duties?

2 Who does not know Marathi in Maharashtra?

3. Who would not love his country?

4. How many of our educated women even today treat their sons and daughters equally?

5. Who likes illness?

6. Could cycles have reflectors?

7. Do we have courage?

8. Does her mother understand her?

9. Can she speak English?

10. Can you not solve this problem?

11. Is he intelligent?

12. Doesn't he live with his parents?

13. Did he complete the work?

14. Does he know the answer?

254
 9: AFFIRMATIVE INTO NEGATIVE
1. I have always condemned these practices.

2. Unless we read of great periods in the life of nations we cannot imagine ourselves back in those days.

3. His product is superior.

4. It is hard to imagine Indian cricket without Kapil Dev.

5. Its burgeoning population is far from being an asset.

6. Unless roads develop along highways, human's walking cannot be regulated.

7. The name of it seems familiar.

8. All living things die if they are made too cold or too hot.

9. Kapil's greatness extends beyond cricket.

10. The only plants that survive in a desert where there is very little water, are those that can retain water in
their tissues.

11. Plants and animals seldom find the ideal surroundings.

12. Aesthetic interests are little encouraged in our country.

13. All come under this category.

14. All living things die without water.

15. It is difficult to discover any resemblance between Hindi.

255
 10. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
1. The temple of Yamuna and the hot water springs nearby attract a number of Pilgrims.

2. An Andheri based computer consultancy firm needs ten typists.

3. It produces an increase in consumption.

4. We have always been exploited by them.

5. The human body builds up and maintains healthy cells, tissues, glands and organs.

6. He seeks a suitable job in India or abroad.

7. The producer can save the consumer a good deal of time and money.

8. The protein in the protoplasm is affected by extreme heat.

9. Different combinations of these three produce different climates.

10. Parents give their children the names of Gods or Saints.

11. He has provided the key to success.

12. Almost all varieties of disease can be produced by an undersupply, of various nutrients.

13. They were lifting bodies to the surface.

14. She had filled every page of the diary.

15. Most of the oxygen is being used up by bacteria.

16. I have made a suggestion to you.

17. The budget session has been summoned.

18. Our roadways have overtaken railways.

19. I have made a suggestion to you.

20. He has inspired our people to great endeavour and noble sacrifice.

21. He equalled Sir Richard Hadlee's world record.

22. This river has given Egypt the fertile area.

23. Anne decided to continue a diary.

24. The angels comforted me.

256
 11. DEGREES OF COMPARISON
1. America is the richest country in the world. (Change into Comparative degree)

2. Matheran is as cold as Mahabaleshwar. (Change into comparative degree)

3. No other bowler in our team is so good as Deepak. (Change into Comparative & Superlative degree)

4. Rose is more beautiful than lily. (Change into comparative degree & Positive degree)

5. Mussoorie is as healthy as any hill station in U.P. (Change into comparative degree)

6. Dainik Jagran has a bigger circulation than any other paper. (Change into positive & Superlative
degree)

7. Ganga is longer than Yamuna. (Change into positive degree)

8. Chirag is as clever as Manish. (Change into comparative degree)

9. England had the largest fleet in the world in 1918. (Change into positive & comparative degree)

10. Manish is taller than any other boy in the class. (Change into positive degree)

11. The man is one of the most dangerous animals. (Change into positive & comparative degree)

12. Australia is the largest island in the world. (Change into positive & comparative degree)

13. Nur Jehan was more beautiful than any other woman. (Change into positive & Superlative degree)

14. Very few cities in U.P.are as big as Ghaziabad. (Change into Comparative & Superlative degree)

15. Mother is more than the Earth. (Change into positive degree)

16. No other storybook is so interesting as The Arabian Nights. (Change into Comparative & Superlative
degree)

17. The elder sister is not so smart as the younger one. (Change into Comparative Degree)

18. Sardar Patel was greater than any other Indian leader. (Change into Positive & Superlative degree)

19. The trains run faster than cars. (Change into Positive Degree)

20. This is the biggest temple in Ujjain. (Change into Comparative Degree)

21. A wise enemy is better than a foolish friend. (Change into Positive Degree)

22. You do not know him better than I. (Change into Positive Degree)

23. You are as good as Abdul. (Change into Comparative Degree)

24. His story is not so interesting as yours. (Change into Comparative Degree)

25. It is better to starve than beg. (Change into Positive Degree)

26. There are few districts in India so hot as Jhansi. (Change into Superlative Degree)

27. No other metal is so useful as Iron. (Superlative Degree)

257
 12 : SIMPLE TO COMPOUND SENTENCES
1. He must go to finish the work.

2. You must work hard to win the prize.

3. Owing to ill-health he could not work hard.

4. I could not finish the work before sun-set.

5. They had not completed the work by sunset.

6. In addition to money, he gave me a book to read.

7. He walked very fast in order to catch the train.

8. Hearing the noise, I left the bed.

9. In spite of being poor, he was happy.

10. He could not come to school because of illness.

11. After working hard, I was tired.

12. Everyone loves him for his simple nature.

13. Throwing off his coat, he plunged into the sea.

14. The fog being very dense, the car stopped.

15. Besides educating his nephew, he also set him up in business.

16. In spite of his popularity, Khairvi cannot be called a great poet.

17. To avoid punishment, he ran away.

18. In spite of being poor, he was respected by all the people of his village.

19. On account of illness, I could not go to school.

20. He is rich and generous.

21. Rima was angry but she did not punish the students.

22. Study well otherwise you will fail.

23. The news is good but it is not true.

24. He finished his work and went home.

25. The sun rose and the fog dispersed.

258
 13: SIMPLE SENTENCE TO COMPLEX SENTENCE
1. The boy sitting next to you is my brother.

2. Can you tell me the road leading to the hospital?

3. Hard-working students hate fashion.

4. Well-behaved boys respect their teachers.

5. A dead man needs no money.

6. The evil done by us lives after us.

7. Yesterday this fisherman caught a small fish.

8. Please help these poor people.

9. He was not a fit man to tell a lie.

10. I was the first man to hear the shocking news.

11. Buddha saved the life of a wounded swan.

12. Mohan explained the reason for his absence.

13. The weak boys always fail.

14. Borrowed garments never fit well.

15. Give me some food to eat.

259
 14: COMPLEX SENTENCES TO SIMPLE SENTENCES
1. He heard that his father was ill.

2. There is no sense in what he says.

3. She said that she was innocent.

4. He admitted that he was mistaken.

5. I do not know who wrote Shima.

6. I do not know he is.

7. He asked me why I come.

8. I could not hear what he said.

9. Tell me why you disobeyed your teacher.

10. The fact that he is silent proves his guilt.

11. We hope that a better time will come.

12. It was much regretted that he was absent.

13. He remarked how impudent the boy was.

14. Tell me where you live.

15. I am certain that he is honest.

16. Rita has a ring which is made of gold.

17. Rima has an umbrella which has a broken handle.

18. I found the purse which was lost.

19. Those boys who are good are loved by their parents.

20. You can take anything that you like.

21. Those who are healthy do not require a doctor.

22. A student who is careless never succeeds.

23. All that glitters is not gold.

24. I have no money that I can spare.

260
 15: COMPOUND TO COMPLEX SENTENCES

1. Call your father and I shall give you a book.

2. She is ill therefore she will not go to Delhi.

3. The sun rose and the fog dispersed.

4. Avoid eating too much and you will remain healthy.

5. Go quickly or you will miss the train.

6. Pay the money or leave the room.

7. Do your best and you will never regret it.

8. Resist the devil and he will flee from you.

9. Be careful in your diet and you will keep healthy.

10. Speak the truth and you need not fear.

261
 16: COMPLEX TO COMPOUND SENTENCES

1. If you spare the rod, you will spoil the child.

2. Unless you leave the room, I shall compel you to do so.

3. If you do not hold your tongue, you will repent.

4. I have found the book that I had lost.

5. He is more a fool than a knave.

6. He works so hard in order that he may become rich.

7. If he is here, I would explain everything to him.

8. When you have worked out this sum, you may go out to play.

9. As soon as the trumpet sounded, the battle commenced.

10. He left for home yesterday as he received his father’s letter.

11. You shall not leave the room till you have made an apology.

12. If you lead, I shall follow.

262
 17: REMOVE ‘TOO’
1. He was too weak to walk.

2. He is too slow to win the race.

3. She is too weak to pass the examination.

4. He is too foolish to win the election.

5. He is too old to walk.

6. The Principal is too busy to attend the meeting.

7. He is too proud to learn.

8. He is too weak to go to school.

9. The dress is too costly to be purchased.

10. He is too poor to buy books.

11. The house is too small to accommodate everybody.

12. He is too honest to accept a bribe.

13. My grandfather is too weak to walk properly.

14. He is too busy to come.

15. He is too exhausted to walk

263
 18 : MODAL AUXILIARIES

Modal Auxiliaries Function

1 can Ability, permission, possibility, request
2 could Past ability, permission, possibility, request
3 May Permission, possibility, probability
4 Might Least possibility,
5 Must Compulsion, obligation
6 Should Advice, obligation, suggestion
7 Will Certainty ,
8 Used to Habitual action in the past
9 Ought to obligation
10 Must not Prohibition
11 Need Necessity

1. We worry about junk food. (Use modal auxiliary showing ‘compulsion’)

2. He could see Mrs. Adis stooping over the fire. (Replace the modal auxiliary showing with ‘be able to’)

3. We must hold to constitutional methods. (Replace using a modal auxiliary showing ‘necessity’)

4. They need to be protected. (Rewrite using the modal auxiliary showing ‘obligation’)

5. The time might come. (Rewrite using the modal auxiliary showing ‘certainty’)

6. I shall come and see your mother. (Rewrite using the modal auxiliary showing ‘obligation’)

7. I was trying to figure out how we should go about it. (Rewrite using the modal auxiliary showing
‘obligation’)

8. Incidents used to hapen earlier but their frequency has increased. (Use modal auxiliary ‘would’)

9. Every morning Gandhiji went for a walk. (Use modal auxiliary showing ‘used to’)

10. I used to write and rewrite. (Use modal auxiliary ‘would’)

11. We used to call him Bapuji. (Use modal auxiliary ‘would’)

12. They are able to perform any action. (Replace the modal auxiliaryusing ‘can’)

13. She was able to attend school only until 4th grade. (Rewrite using the modal auxiliary showing
‘could’)

14. It is able to harm another human being. (Rewrite using the modal auxiliary showing ‘ability’)

15. Vehicles are not allowed to stop there. (Use modal auxiliary ‘can’t)

16. One can't point a finger only at cell phone towers. (Rewrite using ‘unable to’)

264
 19: TENSES
1. I will take the apples back to the shop. (Change into simple past)

2. She has promised to help me. (Change into past perfect)

3. I had left some photos to be developed. (Change into present perfect)

4. I will be writing my exam this time tomorrow. (Change into past continuous tense)

5. He will be waiting for us. (Change into present continuous tense)

6. I know this. (Change into simple past)

7. He will have thought about this. (Change into present perfect tense)

8. He wanted to know more about the job. (Change into simple present)

9. I am leaving for England tomorrow. (Change into future continuous tense)

10. She hadn’t thought about that. (Change into simple past)

11. The entire area would have this heady aroma. (Change into past perfect tense)

12. The rodents destroy about a fourth of all grain (Change into past perfect tense)

13. Worms live about a foot anda half underground. (Change into present perfect continuous tense)

14. Many interesting stories have been put forward. (Change into future perfect tense)

15. Artistic attainments find various vocational outlets. (Change into past perfect tense)

265
 20: ‘WH’ QUESTION

FRAME A ‘WH’ QUESTION TO GET THE UNDERLINED PART AS THE

ANSWER

1) She performs her work with zeal and enthusiasm.

2) You will not find more than one pair of Robin's in a small garden because the birds need the space to
collect food in.

3) On the 26th January 1950, we are going to enter into a life of contradictions.

4) Skinner headed for the Sheriff's office.

5) They said the miners died from lack of oxygen.

6) The president will address both the houses.

7) He decided to hide in his own business office

8) He love above all things to be away from home.

9) Courage is presence of mind.

10) It is located on the western bank of the great peak of Bunder Punch

11) Dennis followed with a second group.

12) Pay Guymon was leader of the U P and L team.

13) Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians.

266
 21: DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Rewrite into indirect speech:

1) “She said,”I bought a new dress yesterday.”

2) The father said to his son,” I shall buy you a bicycle on your birthday.”

3) He said, “I shall come again.”

4) He said,” What a foolish job he had done!”

5) He said to me,” You can go there.”

6) He said to me,” My book is lost.”

7) He said to me,” What is your name?”

8) He said to you,” Do not enter here.”

9) “How amazing it is!” he said.

10) The teacher said,”The earth revolves round the sun.”

11) Father said,”I have a stomach-ache.”

12) Ronit asked me,”Can you help me in solving this problem?”

13) Sohan said to Mohan, “I am going to school.”

14) Ramu said, “I saw a lion in the forest.”

15) Satish said to me, “I am very happy here.”

16) He said, “I can do this work.”

17) Renu said to me, “I was washing the clothes.”

18) He said to Sita, “I have passed the test.”

19) I said to my friend, “He has been working very hard.”

20) My friend said to me, “I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.”

21) I said, “I agree to what he said.”

22) The student said to the teacher, “I am sorry that I am late.”

23) I said to him, “Where are you going?”

24) He said to me, “Will you go there?”

25) My friend said to Deepak, “Have you ever been to Agra?”

267
26) I said to him, “Did you enjoy the movie?”

27) I said to her, “Do you know him?”

28) He said to me, “Will you listen to me?”

29) I said to him, “When will you go there?”

30) He said to me, “How is your father?”

31) I said to him, “Are you happy?”

32) He said to her, “Do you like apples?”

33) She said to me, “Open the window.”

34) The captain said to the soldiers, “Attack the enemy.”

35) The teacher said to the students, “Listen to me attentively.”

36) I said to him, “Please bring me a glass of water.”

37) I said to my friend, “Please lend me your book.”

38) Mohan said, “What a pity!”

39) I said, “How stupid he is!”

40) What a terrible sight it is!” said the traveller.

268
22: SPOT THE ERROR IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:

1) His mouth watered when he saw a bouquet of grapes.

2) They left their luggages from the railway station.

3) I was either scared of people’s curious looks nor their awkward questions.

4) She aims to do well in the exams. .

5) I miss my friends a lots.

6) Not only did his speech improve and his expression also became clearer.

7) The manager with all the employees are present.

8) The number of people do not matter.

9) I am liking to see movies at the theatre.

10) I never forgets the given responsibility.

11) He has often ask me to think before I speak.

12) No sooner did I challenged the man than he accepted it.

13) We are the more strongest community in the world.

14) I entered the room for search the documents.

15) We can plant the trees in order saving the earth.

16) I usually asks my employees to be punctual in their tasks.

17) The training came to an end before you left the city.

18) If you challenge me, I had accept it.

19) The manager was looking into the missing file.

20) She is more taller than all her brothers in the family.

21) He said he did not wanted to go to bazaar yesterday.

22) Mango is the bestest among all the Indian fruits.

23) If I was a bird, I would fly.

24) An European visited in India.

25)Divide this apple amoung Robert and David.

269
 23: ALTHOUGH & EVEN THOUGH

1. It was raining. We went to the beach.

2. We were tired. We continued working.

3. It was getting late. We decided to stay and talk a little longer.

4. She has to drive twenty minutes to get to his house. She gave him a ride home, which was very nice of
her.

5. It was very cold out. We decided to go for a walk in the park.

6. She was getting impatient and wanted to leave. He stayed at the computer for a little while longer.

7. The roads were really bad, and many people decided not to drive that night. We went to the market
anyway.

8. The prices are a little higher at that supermarket. We like to go shopping there anyway.

9. He's extremely afraid of traveling by areoplane. We were able to convince him to go with us.

10. They said they were on a diet. They had chocolate cake for dessert.

270
 24: Use If ……… Unless

Rewrite the following sentences using unless.

1. If we do not get the money before Friday, we will be in trouble.

2. If you do not give me the key, I will kill you.

3. If you do not submit the original documents, your application will be rejected.

4. I will take this job if the pay is not too low.

5. If they do not help us, we will not be able to finish this.

6. If you do not eat good food, you will not be healthy.

7. If you don't save some money, you can't go on vacation.

8. You will feel cold if you don't wear a coat.

9. I’ll arrive at 10am if there isn't traffic."

10. If you read Dr. Shiva’s book, you will learn more on this issue.

11. If you can not behave yourself, you will have to find another job.

12. Don't avoid study or you will lose your mark.

13. They might prove a danger, if you are not careful.

14. Be honest, all will like you.

15. If you don't try hard, you will not get success.

16. If you don't give up bad habits, you will spoil your health.

271
 25 : USE ‘HARDLY ….WHEN’

(1) We had crossed the bridge. We heard a gun shot.

(2) The sun had risen. The birds began chirping.

(3) We had reached the top of the hill. It started raining.

(4) Father had returned from office. He was called again.

(5) We had entered the house. The phone started ringing.

(6) We had gone some distance. We saw a juggler with his monkey.

(7) He drank the water. He was instantly struck down.

(8) The water touched his lips. At almost the same time he was struck down.

(9) He stooped. Just then he heard the Yaksha's warning voice.

(10) Lakshmi noticed him. She lost her temper.

(11) The doctor heard it. She rushed out of the room.

(12) The fats collected on the surface. A layer was formed instantly.

(13) He saw the old man. He ran away immediately.

(14) He bit the rope. It snapped.

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272
 WORD FORMATION
List of Verbs, Nouns, Adjective
VERBS NOUNS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS
1. Enable ability able Ably
2. accept acceptance acceptable acceptably
3. Accuse accusation accusing accusingly
4. Act Action, activity active actively
5. Achieve Achievement achievable
6. add addition additional additionally
7. admire admiration admirable admirably
8. advise advice advisable advisably
9. agree agreement agreeable agreeaby
10. anger anger angry angrily
11. approve approval approving approvingly
12. appreciate appreciation Appreciative, appreciable appreciatively
13. argue argument Arguable, argumentative arguably
14. attend attention attentive attentively
15. attract attraction attractive attractively
16. base base, basis basic basically
17. beautify beauty beautiful
re beautifully
18. believe belief believable believably
19. bore bore , boredom bored, boring boringly
20. breathe breath breathless Breathlessly
21. calm calm, calmness calm Calmly
22. care care careful, caring Carefully, carelessly
23. centralize centre, centralization central, centralized centrally
24. characterize character characteristic characteristically
25. circulate circulation circular -------
26. clean cleanliness clean cleanly
27. clear clarity, clearance clear clearly
28. collect collection collective collectively
29. colour colour coloured colourfully
30. comfort comfort comfortable comfortably
31. compare comparison comparable comparative comparatively
32. compete competition competitive, competitively
33. complete completion uncompetitive
complete completely
34. conclude conclusion conclusive conclusively
35. condition condition conditional conditionally,
36. confide confidence confident, confidential confidently,
37. confuse confused confused, confusing confidentially
confusingly
38. consider consideration considerable, considerate considerably
39. continue continuation,continuity continual, continuous continually,
40. cool cool, coolness cool continuously
coolly
41. correct correction, correctness correct, corrective correctly
42. create creation, creativity creative creatively
43. criticize critic critical critically
44. accustom custom customary customarily
45. dare dare daring daringly
46. darken dark, darkness dark, darkened, darkening Darkly

273
47. deaden death dead, deadly, deathly deadly, deathly
48. deceive deceit, deception deceitful, deceptive deceptively
49. decide decision decided, decisive decidedly, decisively
50. decorate decoration decorative decoratively
51. deepen deep, depth deep, deepening deeply
52. defend defence defensive defensively
53. define definition definite definitely
54. demonstrate demonstration demonstrable, demonstrably
55. depend dependent, dependence demonstrative
dependable dependably
56. describe description describable descriptively
57. destroy destruction destructive destructively
58. determine determination determined determinedly
59. differ, difference different differently
60. differentiate
direct direction direct directly
61. disagree disagreement disagreeable disagreeably
62. disappoint disappointment disappointed, disappointingly
63. distance distance disappointing
distant distantly
64. disturb disturbance disturbed, disturbing disturbingly
65. doubt doubt doubtful doubtfully
66. dream dream dreamless, dreamy dreamily
67. dress dress dressed, dressy dressily
68. drink drink, drunkenness drunk, drunken drunkenly
69. ease ease, easiness easy easily
70. educate education educated, educational educationally
71. effect effect, effectiveness effective effectively
72. electrify electricity electric, electrical electrically
73. embarrass embarrassment embarrassed, embarrassingly
74. emphasize emphasis embarrassing
emphatic emphatically
75. encourage encouragement encouraged, encouraging encouragingly
76. end end unending, endless endlessly
77. energize energy energetic energetically
78. enjoy enjoyment enjoyable enjoyably
79. entertain entertainment entertaining entertainingly
80. enthuse enthusiasm enthusiastic enthusiastically
81. equalize equality equal equally
82. excel excellence excellent excellently
83. excite excitement excitable, excited, excitedly, excitingly
84. excuse excuse exciting
excusable excusably
85. expect expectation expectant expectantly,
86. expend expenditure, expense expensive expensively
87. experiment experiment experimental experimentally
88. explain explanation explanatory, explicable inexplicably
89. explode explosion explosive explosively
90. express expression expressive expressively
91. familiarize familiarity familiar familiarly
92. fashion fashion fashionable fashionably
93. fear fear fearful, fearless, fearsome fearfully, fearlessly
94. finalize final final finally
95. fish fish, fishing fishy fishily
96. fit fit fitted fittingly
97. force force forceful, forcible forcefully, forcibly
98. forget forgetfulness forgetful forgetfully

274
99. formalize formality formal Formally
100. frequent
1 frequency frequent frequently
101.0 freshen1 freshness fresh freshly
102.30 frighten
1 fright frightened, frightening, frighteningly,
103..04 harden 1 hardship frightful
hard frightfully
hard, hardly
104.05. harm 1 harm, harmfulness harmful, harmless harmfully, harmlessly
105.6.0 heat, overheat
1 heat heated heatedly
106.07. help 1 help helpful, helpless helpfully, helplessly
107.08. hope 1 hope hopeful, hopeless hopefully, hopelessly
108..19 hurry1 hurry hurried hurriedly
109.10. ice 1 ice icy icily
110.1. imagine1 imagination imaginable, imaginative unimaginably,
111.13. impress1 impression impressive imaginatively
impressively
112.14. increase
1 increase increased increasingly
113..15 infect1 infection infectious infectiously
114.16. insist 1 insistence insistent insistently
115.7.1 instruct
1 instruction instructive instructively
116.18. intend1 intent, intention intended, intentional, intentionally
117.29. interest
1 interest interested, disinterested, interestingly
118..20 invent1 invention uninterested, interesting
inventive inventively
119.21. invite1 invitation, invite inviting invitingly
120.2. know1 knowledge knowledgeable, known knowingly,
121..23 enlarge1 enlargement large knowledgeably
largely
122.24. laugh1 laugh laughable laughably
123.5.2 outlaw 1 law lawful lawfully
124.26. legalize
1 legality legal legally
125.27. lengthen
1 length lengthy lengthily
126..28 light, 1lighten light light lightly
127.39. locate,1 location local locally
128.0.3 love 1 love lovable, lovely lovingly
129.31. lower1 low low, lower low
130.32. lower1 low low, lower low
131..3 man 1 man, mankind manly mannishly, manfully
132.3. mark 1 mark marked markedly
133.4.3 match1 match matchless matchlessly
134..35 materialize
1 material, materialism immaterial, materialistic materially
135.36. mean1 meaning, meaningful, meaningless meaningfully,
7. meaningfulness meaninglessly
136. measure
1 measurement measurable immeasurably
137.3 memorize
1 memory memorable memorably
138.94 mind 1 mind, mindlessness mindless, mindful mindlessly
139.40. minimize
1 minimum minimal minimally
140.41. mistake
1 mistake mistaken mistakenly
141..42 mind 1 mind, mindlessness mindless, mindful mindlessly
142.43. minimize
1 minimum minimal minimally
143.1.4 mistake
1 mistake mistaken mistakenly
144.42. moralize
1 moral, morality moral, moralistic morally
145.43. mother
1 mother, motherhood motherly
146.4. move1 move, movement movable, moving movingly
147.45. murder
1 murder murderous murderously
46.
7
.
275
148. name,1rename name named, unnamed, Namely
149.4 nationalize
1 nation, nationalization, nameless nationalistic
national, nationally
150.48 naturalize
1 nationality
nature, naturalist, natural, naturalistic naturally
9. naturalization,
.
151. necessitate
1 necessity necessary necessarily
152.5 need 1 need needy needlessly
153.15 unnerve
1 nerve, nervousness nervous, nervy, nervously, nervelessly
154.52. renew1 news, newness new, renewable newly, anew
155.53. normalize
1 normality normal normally
156..54 notice1 notice noticeable noticeably
157.5. obey 1 obedience obedient obediently
158.6.5 offend1 offence offensive offensively
159..57 officiate
1 office official officially
160.58. open 1 openness open openly
161.9.6 operate,
1 cooperate operation operational operationally
162.0. opt 1 option optional optionally
163..6 originate
1 origin original originally
164.62 pain 1 pain painful, painless painfully, painlessly
165.3.6 part, impart
1 part, partition partial, impartial partially, partly
166.64. pacify1 peace peaceful peacefully
167.65. perfect
1 perfection perfect perfectly
168..6 personalize,
1 person, personality personal, personalized personally
169.67. personify
persuade
1 persuasion, persuasive persuasively
170.8.6 play, 1outplay persuasiveness
play, playfulness playful, playable playfully
171..79 please1 pleasure pleasant, pleasurable pleasantly,
172.70. point 1 point, pointlessness pointed, pointless unpleasantly
pointlessly, pointedly
173.1.7 politicize
1 politics political, politicized politically
174.72. popularize
1 popularity popular popularly
175.73. power,1 empower power powerful, powerless powerfully
176..74 prefer1 preference preferable, preferred preferably
177.75. present
1 presence, presentation, present, presentable presently
178.6.7 privatize
1 privacy, privatization private privately
179.7. power,1 empower power powerful, powerless powerfully
180.78. profit1 profit, profitability profitable profitably
181..75 progress
1 progress, progression progressive progressively
182.89. provide
1 provision provisional provisionally
183.0.8 publicize
1 public, publicity public publicly
184..81 punish1 punishment punishable, punishing punishingly
185.p82. purify1 purification, purity pure purely
186.3.r8 question
1 question questionable questionably
187.8o4. quieten
1 quiet quiet quietly
188.f85. race 1 race racial racially
189.i86. realize1 realism, reality real, realistic really, realistically
190.t87. reason1 reason reasonable reasonably
191.8. receive
1 receipt, reception, receptive, reciprocal reciprocally
192.9.p recognize
1 recognition recognizable recognizably
193.9.r0 reflect1 reflection reflective reflectively
194.1o9. regret1 regret regrettable, regretful regrettably, regretfully
195.f92. regulate
1 regular, regularity regular regularly
196.i93. relate1 relation, relationship related, relative relatively
t
197.94. rely 1 reliability reliable reliably
.,95
6.
p.
r 276
o
f
i
t
198. remark 1 remark remarkable Remarkably
199.9 repair1 repair irreparable irreparably
200.97 repeat1 repeat, repetition repeated, repetitive repeatedly, repetitively
201.98. report2 report reported reportedly
202.09. respect2 respect respectable, respectful, respectably,
203.0. respond2 response, respective
responsive respectfully,
Responsively
204..01 rest 2 responsiveness
rest restless, rested, restful respectively
restlessly
205.02. enrich2 riches, richness rich richly
206.3.0 right 2 right, rightness, righteous, rightful right, rightly,
207.04. romanticize
2 romance, romanticism romantic, romanticized rightfully
romantically
208.5.0 roughen2 rough, roughness rough roughly
209.06. round2 round round, rounded roundly
210.07. sadden 2 sadness sad, saddened sadly
211..08 satisfy2 satisfaction satisfactory, satisfactorily
212.19. school2 school, pre-school scholastic scholastically
213.0.1 search,2 research search, research searchable searchingly
214..1 sense,. sensitize sense, sensibility, sensible, sensitive, sensibly, sensitively
. sensitivity, sensory
215. separate
2 sensitiveness
separation separable, separate separately
216.1 shake2 shake, shakiness shaky shakily
217.14 shape2 shape shapely, shaped shapelessly
218.15. sharpen2 sharpness sharp sharply, sharpish
219..16 shock2 shock shocking, shockable shockingly
220.17. shorten2 short, shortness short, shortish shortly
221.8.1 shy 2 shyness shy shyly
222.29. sicken2 sick, sickness sick, sickly sickeningly
223.20. signify2 significance significant significantly
224..21 silence2 silence silent silently
225.2. simplify
2 simplicity, simplistic simply
226.3.2 single2 simplification
single singular singly
227.24. sleep 2 sleep, sleepiness asleep, sleepy sleepily
228.25. socialize
2 society, sociable, social socially
229..26 soften2 softness soft softly
230.27. solidify
2 solid, solidity solid solidly
231.8.2 specialize
2 specialty special, specialized specially
232..39 speed2 speed, speediness speedy speedily
233.30. spot 2 spot spotted, spotty spotlessly
234.1.3 stand,2withstand stand, standstill standing, outstanding outstandingly
235.32. steepen2 steepness steep steeply
236.3. stiffen2 stiffness stiff stiffly
237..34 strengthen
2 strength strong strongly
238.35. strike2 strike striking strikingly
239.6.3 structure
2 structure, structuralism structural structurally
240.37. study2 student, study studious studiously
241.38. style 2 style, stylishness stylish, stylistic stylishly, stylistically
242..49 substantiate
2 substance substantial, substantive substantially
243.40. succeed2 success, succession successful, successive Successfully
244.1.4 suggest suggestion suggestive, suggestible suggestively
2.
245. support
4 support, supportiveness supportive, supporting supportively
.
246.4 suppose,
2 supposition supposed supposedly
4. presuppose
5
.
277
 247. surprise
2 surprise surprised, surprising Surprisingly
248.4 suspect2 suspect, suspicion suspected, suspicious suspiciously
249.46 sweeten2 sweet, sweetness sweet sweetly
250.7.4 symbolize
2 symbol, symbolism symbolic symbolically
251..48 sympathize
2 sympathy sympathetic Sympathetically
252.59. systematize
2 system, systematization systematic systematically
253.0.5 talk 2 talk, talks talkative talkatively
254.51. taste 2 taste tasteful, tasty Tastefully
255.52. thank2 thanks, thankfulness thankful thankfully
256..53 theorize
2 theory, theorem theoretical theoretically
257.54. thicken2 thick, thickness thick thickly
258.5. thin 2 thinness thin thinly
259.56. think 2 thought, thoughtful thoughtfully
260.57. threaten
2 thoughtfulness,
threat threatening threateningly
261..85 tighten2 tightness tight tight, tightly
262..69 tire 2 tiredness tired, tiresome, tiring tiredly, tiresomely
263.60. touch2 touch tiring
touched, touching, touchy touchingly, touchily
264.1.6 trouble2 trouble troublesome, troubling troublingly
265..62 trust, 2entrust trust, trusteeship trusting, trustworthy trustfully
266.63. typify2 type typical typically
267.4.6 understand
2 understanding understandable understandably
268.65. use 2 usage, use used, useful usefully
269.6. vary 2 variant, variety, variable, varied, various invariably, variously
270..67 violate2 variation
violence violent violently
271.68. wrong2 wrong wrongful wrongly, wrongfully
272.9.7 warm2 warmth warm warmly
273.70. waste2 wastage, waste waste, wasteful wastefully
274.71. watch2 watch, watchfulness watchful watchfully
275..72 weaken 2 weakness weak weakly
276.73. weigh, 2 outweigh weight weighty, weightless weightlessly
277.4.7 widen2 width wide widely
278..75 wonder wonder wonderful wonderfully
279.6. worry worry worried, worrying, worryingly
280.. write, rewrite writing worrisome
written

I) INTERCHANGE OF ONE PART OF SPEECH FOR ANOTHER

1) He rejected all our proposals. (Rewrite the sentence using the verb form of the underlined word)
2) In modern times the concept of higher education has been changing rapidly. (Rewrite the sentence using
the adjective form of the underlined word)
3) Darwin believed that modern man and modern apes have both descended from the same ancestor.
(Rewrite using noun form of the underlined word)
4) The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye.
(Rewrite using verb form of the underlined word)
5) The words on the lips of the master had a spiritual significance. (Rewrite using "significant”)

278
Give the meanings of the phrase and use it in your own sentence
1) ‘a black eye’ - an area of bruised skin around the eye resulting from a blow
Sentence: When I saw my friend with a black eye, I knew that he had been in a fight with someone.

2) lower than the angels - less than perfect

Sentence: The unexpected behaviour of the religious men was somewhat lower than the angels.

3) knock someone down – to hit someone forcefully so that he/she falls down
Sentence: The young boy was so angry with the bully that he knocked him down.

4) to comply with - to obey.

Sentence: We must comply with the laws of the country we live in.

5) One-size-fits-all – suitable for or used in all circumstances

Sentence: The wrist watches have adjustable belts, so one – size – fits – all.

6) Once in a blue moon: : very rarely.

Sentence: Our English teacher is very strict and smiles only once in a blue moon.

7) One man army: A ‘one-man army’ is someone who can do, or thinks he can do, everything by himself
and without assistance.
Sentence: Sumit acted as a one man army for his teammates in office.

8) leaps and bounds: rapidly, fast in progress

Sentence: Suman’s progress in studies increased by leaps and bounds after her health improved.

9) enhance: to increase, to improve the quality of something

Sentence: We can enhance our looks by having a pleasant expression on our faces.

10) to make optimum use of: state of something is the best level or state that it could achieve.
Sentence: Saurav decided to make optimum use of the Diwali vacation to catch up with his studies.

11) eye fell upon : to see or notices

Sentence: My eye fell upon the clock, and I sat up with shock.

12) Strolled : to take a walk

Sentence: Seema strolled along the beach, enjoying the breeze.

13) to stay put: remain somewhere without moving.

Sentence: My mother told me to stay put near the entrance when she went to buy the train ticket.

14) give-and-take – exchange of ideas

Sentence – The TV stars engaged in an interesting give-and-take which was enjoyed by the audience.

279
 DO AS DIRECTED: (FOR PRACTICE)

1) A stone struck the man on the head. (Rewrite using the passive voice.)

2) You will not recover. Refrain from smoking. (Rewrite using ‘unless’.)

3) He is certainly taller than his brother. (Rewrite in the positive degree.)

4) The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position. (Rewrite beginning ‘The position
…………’)

5) This colour scheme never failed. (Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)

6) He had left his village without any previous thought or plan. (Rewrite using neither … nor …’)

7) One or two had hissing gaslights. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)

8) He never opened his mouth till the other had spoken for at least ten minutes.(Rewrite using ‘only’.)

9) He looked up and saw a man standing before him. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.).

10) If I prove you are bluffing, you must return that anna to me with interest. (Pick out the clauses and
state their type.)

11) “Tell me something worthwhile.” (Identify the type of sentence.)

12) Never travel southward again, and you will live to be a hundred. (Rewrite using ‘only if’)

13) He flung the coins at her and said “Count them. One man gave all that.” (Rewrite in reported speech.)

14) I will prepare some nice stuff for her. (Rewrite using the past perfect tense of the verb.)

15) Her family and their well-being were her highest priority. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)

16) The shadows were lengthening when Smita arrived at the college. (Identify the clauses.)

17) He had to find the books and read them before the day ended. (Rewrite using ‘not only…but also’.)

18) Hearing the sound of music from a side street, Mona had an idea. (Rewrite as a compound sentence.)

19) Siddharth could not ask his father for a cricket bat. (Rewrite using the antonym of ‘able’.)

20) “I will try,” the lady smiled. (Rewrite in indirect speech.)

21) Her family and their well-being were her highest priority. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)

22) The shadows were lengthening when Smita arrived at the college. (Identify the clauses.)

23) He had to find the books and read them before the day ended. (Rewrite using ‘not only…but also’.)

24) He wiped the water off and gently wrapped it in pink paper. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.)

25) Dhruv had never received such a gift. (Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)

26) He had won a prize in the drawing competition. (Rewrite using the future perfect tense of the verb.)

280
27) How could I call him a liar? (Rewrite as an assertive sentence.)

28) All other things are unimportant. (Add a question tag.)

29) Shivani found a small box and dropped her bangles inside. (Rewrite the sentence, beginning ‘Finding
…)

30) Sunlight from the window made her black hair appear brown. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)

31) On the day the school closed for the summer, no student was more delighted than Rithik.
(Change the degree.)

32) Find out the infinitives :

(a) We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, next, to find ourselves.
(b) We travel to bring what little we can, …………
(c) Yet one of the subtler beauties of travel is that it enables you to bring new eyes to the people you
encounter.

33) Read the sentences given below and state whether the underlined words are gerunds or present
participles.
(a) As it’s a hot day, many people are swimming
(b) This is a swimming pool.
(c) It’s very bad that children are begging.
(d) Begging is a curse on humanity.
34) To their astonishment they found a hissing snake stopping their way. (Rewrite using the verb form of
the underlined word.)
35) The minister spotted his cheerful face in the crowd and called out to him. (Rewrite using the present
participle form of the verb ‘to spot’.)
36) He is a great king. (Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence.)
37) He stuck his hands in the pockets of his parka. (Change the voice.)

38) I am here. (Add a question tag.)

39) (Rewrite in reported speech)

a) He had told his family, "If you have faith, you can do anything."
b) "I think I can help find that lost boy", Skinner said.
40). They planned to seal the mine off as soon as the rescue effort was abandoned. (Rewrite using 'No
sooner …..than'.)
41) Only a handful of people were left. (Rewrite as a negative sentence.)
42) Pay Guymon was the leader of the UP &L team. (Frame a Wh-type question to get the underlined
part as answer.)
43)His mouth was very dry. (Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence.)
44) Josh was thin and pale with dark rings around his eyes. (Use "Not only. ...... but also.)
45) How much I repent it! (Make it assertive.)
46) Though he kept me informed of most of his affairs, he had studiously kept back one thing. (Rewrite the
sentence using co-ordinating, conjuction 'but'.)

281
FILL IN THE BLANKS SELECTING THE CORRECT PHRASE FROM THE ALTERNATIVES
GIVEN.

(keeps one going , feel out of place, sea of knowledge, touched the hearts , broaden one’s horizon,
speak at length, feel at home, second innings , completely stumped , was completely broken,)

(a) By the end of the week she was beginning ………………… in her new job.

(b) When he lost his mother he was completely ………………. .

(c) Travelling can help to ………………….. .

(d) After my retirement I started my ……………… as a social worker.

(e) Having faith in God ……………………. in difficult situations.

(f) To succeed in any competitive examination, one requires………………...

(g) The simple village girl ……………………. in a formal party.

(h) The work done by Sindhutai Sapkal …………………. of millions

(i) The teacher …………………….. explaining the concept.

(j) The speaker was ……………………… by the intelligent questions asked by the audience.

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282
 ANSWERS
1) He rejected whatever we had proposed.
2) In modern times there has been a rapid change in the concept of higher education.
3) Darwin believed in the descent of modern man and modern ape from the same ancestor.
4) The greatest man of our generation has aimed to wipe every tear from every eye.
5) The words on the lips of the master was spiritually significant.

1: ARTICLES
1. A 2. AN 3. AN, THE 4. THE 5. A, THE 6. THE, THE 7. AN, A 8. THE, THE 9.
THE, THE 10. THE, A 11. A, THE 12. AN, THE 13. A, A 14. THE, THE 15. THE, A 16. THE,
A 17. A , THE 18. A, THE 19. THE, A 20. AN, A 21. AN, THE 22. A, THE 23. THE 24. THE
25. THE 26. THE 27. A 28. THE 29.THE 30. A 31. THE 32. A 33. THE

2: PREPOSITIONS

1. AT,OF 2. BY, BY 3.FOR 4. AT 5. ON 6. ON 7. AT 8. ON 9. ON 10. BY 11.. IN

12. IN 13. AT 14. WITH, OF 15. FOR 16. FOR 17. ON 18. IN 19. AT 20. BY
21. OF 22. IN 23. UNDER, TO 24. TO, AT 25. TO, INTO

3: GERUND TO INFINITIVE
1 .Some people prefer to get up early in the morning. ((Rewrite using infinitive)
2. He remembered sending the fax. ((Rewrite using gerund)
3. It is however, difficult explaining the origins of speech. (Use gerund)
4. Nutrition is also of utmost importance in curing of disease. (Rewrite using gerund)
5. It is indeed a wastage of human material for allowing our finest sportsmen to languish in office or
factory. (Replace the underlined part with gerund)
6. Seeing is believing. (Use gerund).
7. Dying is better than surrendering. (Use gerund).
8. It is not easy winning when Manish is in the opposite team. (Use gerund)
9. A producer invests money to build up a reputation. (Rewrite using the infinitive form of the verb
underlined)
10. To Overtake the record was a mere formality. (Make Infinitive)
11. I intend visiting Mumbai next month. (Rewrite using a Gerund.)
12. I hate to wait at the crowded railway station. (Rewrite using infinitive form of the underlined word)
13. To make toys is no child’s play. (Use infinitive)
14. The jobs that men enjoy to do most, can always wait. (Rewrite using 'infinitive form of the under lined
verb.))
15. He preferred talking. (Rewrite the sentence using gerund)
16. But he refused doing so. (Rewrite the sentence using gerund)
17. Courage is to stick to your post in danger! (Make use of infinitive form of the gerund and rewrite the
sentence.)
18. To think of the daily bread and butter is usual for them. (Rewrite using the infinitive of the underlined
word.)
19. Food is the most essential factor to build and to maintain health. (Remove the underlined gerund and
rewrite using the infinitive forms of the words.)
20. Starving is better than begging. (Rewrite using the 'gerund form' of the underlined phrases.)

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4 : AS SOON AS …………………………. NO SOONER THAN
1) No sooner do I reach the office than I will make the announcement.
2) No sooner do a whole people become full of faith than ordinary men and women become heroes.
3) No sooner do they see the lion than they run away.
4) No sooner does the thief see the police than he runs away.
5) No sooner does the sun set than the stars begin to shine.
6) No sooner does the sun rise than it turns into glittering silver.
7) No sooner does one shed Catch fire than all the rest will be gutted soon.
8) No sooner did I reach the platform than thetrain left.
9) No sooner did the thief run out of the jail than the guard fired at him.
10) No sooner did it start raining than the farmers became happy.
11) No sooner did the thief hear the noise than he ran away.
12) No sooner did king finish speaking than the people began to cheer him.
13) No sooner were the results declared than the students cheered loudly.
14) As soon as the tower tumbles, he learns to approach the task in a different way.
15) No sooner does it reach the right figure than she is quick and careful enough to stop it.
16) As soon as the teacher reached the school, the children gathered around him.
17) As soon as Kapil Dev entered, it was a different ball game.
18) As soon as the teacher enters the class room, the students stand up.
19) As soon as they break the tree, they cut it into small pieces.
20) As soon as he finished his dinner, he went to his friend.
21) As soon as we had reached home, it started raining.

5 : NOT ONLY ……………. BUT ALSO

1) Ordinary toys not only entertain the child but also do much more than that.
2) It was not only a challenging job for her but also for her followers.
3) She was not only emotional but also strong willed.
4) Not only must they be kept at home but also looked after.
5) Not only its utility is steadily declining but also soil quality is deteriorating.
6) He likes not only cakes but also biscuits.
7) Ramesh plays not only cricket but also hockey.
8) It was raining not only in the morning but also in the evening.
9) He had not only a cool behaviour but also moral courage.
10) Not only mere talent but also hardwork and preserverance can bring results.
11) The nation has need of not only their powers but also attainments.
12) She is not only a tailor but also a dress designer.
13) They not only turn over the soil again and again but also keep it soft.

6 : ASSERTIVE INTO EXCLAMATORY

1. What a good development this is!
2) What a wonderful family you have!
3) How nice to meet you!
4) How beautiful the forest was in early summer!
5) How bright it grew!
6) How beautiful boys and girls everywhere are!
7) What a good development this is!
8) How delighted the makers of household appliances and electrical gadgets are!
9) What a funny-looking man he was!
10) How pleasant the climate is!
11) How laborious the task has been!
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12) What a long and colourful journey it has been!
13) How necessary advertising is in the case of new commodities!
14) How fortunate you are!
15) How cold the region becomes in winter!
16) How pleasant the journey to Yamunotri is!
17) How dry his mouth was!
18) What a brave man he was!

7: ASSERTIVE INTO INTERROGATIVE

1) Wasn't I happy all the way?
2) Can't woman be protected?
3) Can any one escape death?
4) Should they be marked out from their youth?
5) Shouldn't bullock carts have reflectors?
6) Should towns be allowed to develop in the immediate vicinity of highways?
7) Shouldn't Raju be in school?
8) Isn't advertising also a guarantee of quality?
9) Doesn't that sound more like it?
10) Am I saying that old tradition is to be given up?
11) Isn't it a one-sided affair?
12) Is Mohan foolish enough to believe these lies?
13) Is my father the oldest man in this society?
14) Aren’t the houses in the villages smaller than those in the cities?
15) Is Smoking a healthy habit?
16) Was Hannibal known for his kindness to the enemy?

8: INTERROGATIVE INTO ASSERTIVE

1) We should not neglect our duties.
2) Everybody knows Marathi in Maharashtra.
3) Everyone would love his country.
4) Hardly some of our educated women even today treat their sons and daughters equally.
5) Nobody likes illness.
6) It is possible for cycles to have reflectors OR Cycles could have reflectors.
7) We do not have courage.
8) Her mother does not understand her.
9) She cannot speak English.
10) I can solve this problem.
11) He isn't intelligent.
12) He lives with his parents.
13) He did not complete the work.
14) He does not know the answer.

9: AFFIRMATIVE INTO NEGATIVE

1) I have never praised these practices.
2) If we do not read of great periods in the life of nations, we can hardly imagine ourselves back in those
days.
3) His product is not at all inferior.
4) It is not so easy to imagine Indian cricket without Kapil Dev.
5) Its burgeoning population is not so close to be an asset.
6) If roads do not develop along highways, human's walking along cannot be regulated.
7) The name of it does not seem unfamiliar.
8) No living things would survive if they are made too hot or too cold.

285
9) Kapil's greatness is not limited to cricket.
10) No plants except those that can retain water in their tissues can survive in a desert where there is
very little water.
11) Often plants and animals do not find the ideal surroundings.
12) Aesthetic interests are not much encouraged in our country.
13) None can be left out of this category
14) No living thing survives if there is no water
15) It is not so easy to discover any resemblance between Hindi and English.

10. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

1) A number of pilgrims are attracted by the temple of Yamuna and the hot water springs nearby.
2) Ten typists are needed by an Andheri based computer consultancy firm.
3) We offer a good salary OR A good salary is offered by us.
4) An increase in consumption is produced by it
5) They have always exploited us.
6) Healthy cells, tissues, glands and organs are built up and maintained by the human body.
7) A suitable job is sought in India or abroad by him.
8) A good deal of time and money of the consumer can be saved by the producer.
9) Extreme heat affects the protein in the protoplasm
10) Different climates are produced by different combinations of these three.
11) The names of Gods or Saints are given to the children by their parents.
12) The key to success has been provided by him.
13) An undersupply of various nutrients can produce almost all varieties of disease.
14) Bodies were being lifted to the surface.
15) Every page of the diary had been filled by her
16) Bacteria are using up most of the oxygen.
17)A suggestion has been made to you by me.
18) He (The President) has summoned the budget session.
19) Railways have been overtaken by our roadways.
20) A suggestion has been made to you by me. OR You have been made a suggestion by me.
21) Our people have been inspired to great endeavour and noble sacrifice by him,
22) Sir Richard Hadlee's world record was equaled by him.
23) The fertile area has been given to Eygpt by this river.
24) It was decided by Anne to continue a diary.
25) I was comforted by the angels.

11: DEGREES OF COMPARISON

1. America is richer than all /any other country in the world.
2. Mahabaleshwar is not colder than Matheran.
3. Deepak is the best bowler in our team.
4. Lily is not as beautiful as rose
5. Mussoorie is not healthier than all /any other hill station in UP.
6. Dainik Jagran paper has the biggest circulation.
7. Yamuna is not so long as Ganga (is).
8. England had a larger fleet than that of all /any other country in the world in 1918.
9. Manish is not cleverer than Chirag.
10. No other boy in the class is as tall as Manish.
11. Man is more dangerous than many / most other animals.
12Australia is larger than all / any other island in the world.
13. Nur Jehan was the most beautiful woman.
14. Ghaziabad is one of the biggest cities in the U.P.
15. The Earth is not as much as mother.
16. Arabian Night is the most interesting storybook
17. The younger sister is smarter than the elder one.
18. Sardar Patel was the greatest leader.
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19. The cars do not run so fast as the trains.
20. This is bigger than all / any other temple in Ujjain.
21. A foolish friend is not so good as a wise enemy.
22. I know him as well as you.
23. Abdul is not better than you.
24. Your story is more interesting than his.
25. It is not so good to beg than to starve.
26. Jhansi is one of the hottest districts in India.
27. Iron is the most useful metal.

12: SIMPLE TO COMPOUND SENTENCES

1. He must go and finish the work.
2. Work hard or you will not win the prize.
3. He was ill so he could not work hard.
4. The sun set but I could not finish the work.
5. The sun set but they had not completed the work.
6. He gave me not only money but also a book to read.
7. He wanted to catch the train so he walked very fast.
8. I heard the voice so I left the bed.
9. He was poor but he was happy.
10. He was ill so he could not come to school.
11. I worked hard so I was tired.
12. He has simple nature so everyone loves him
13. He threw off his coat and plunged into the sea.
14. The fog was very dense so the car stopped.
15. He not only educate his nephew but also set up in business
16. Khairvi cannot be called a great poet but he was popular
17. He wanted to avoid punishment so he ran away.
18. He was poor but he was respected by all the people of his village.
19. I was ill so I could not go to school.
20. He is not only rich but also generous.
21. In spite of being angry, Rima did not punish the students.
22. Without studying well you will fail.
23. The news is too good to be true.
24. Having finished his work he went home.
25. The sun having risen the fog dispersed.

13: SIMPLE SENTENCE TO COMPLEX SENTENCE

1) The boy who is sitting next to you is my brother.
2) Can you tell me the road which leads to the hospital?
3) The students who are hard-working hate fashion.
4) The boys who are well behaved respect their teachers.
5) A man who is dead needs no money.
6) The evil which is done by us lives after us.
7) Yesterday this fisherman caught a fish which was small.
8) Please the people who are poor.
9) He was not the fit man who tells a lie.
10) I was the first man who heard the socking news.
11) Buddha saved the life of a swan that was wounded.
12) Mohan explained the reason why he was absent.
13) The boys who are weak always fail.
14) The garment that is borrowed never fit well.
15) Give me some food that can be eaten.

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 14: COMPLEX SENTENCES TO SIMPLE SENTENCES
1) He heard about his father’s illness.
2) There is no sense in his statement.
3) She said her innocence.
4) He admitted his mistake.
5) I do not know the writer of Shima.
6) I do not know him.
7) He asked me the reason of my coming.
8) I could not hear his statement.
9) Tell me the reason for disobedience of your teacher.
10) His silence proves his guilt.
11) We hope a better time to come.
12) His absence was much regretted.
13) He remarked on the impudence of the boy.
14) Tell me your residence.
15) I am certain of his honesty.
16) Rita has a gold ring.
17) Rima has an umbrella of the broken handle.
18) I found the lost purse.
19) The good boys are loved by their parents.
20) You can take anything of your like.
21) The healthy do not require a doctor.
22) A careless student never succeeds.
23) All glittering things are not gold.
24) I have no money to spare.

15: COMPOUND TO COMPLEX SENTENCES

1) If you call your father, I shall give you a book. Or when you call your father, I shall give you a book.
2) She will not go to Delhi because she is ill.
3) The fog dispersed because the sun rose.
4) If you avoid eating too much, you will remain healthy. Or you will remain healthy because you avoid
eating too much.
5) If you don’t go quickly, you will miss the train. Or Go quickly so that you may not miss the train.
6) If you don’t pay the money, leave the room.
7) If you do your best you will never regret it. Or do you best so that you may never regret it?
8) If you resist the devil, he will flee from you. Or resist the devil so that he may flee from you.
9) If you are careful in your diet, you will keep healthy. Or be careful in your diet so that you may keep
healthy.
10) If you speak the truth, you need not fear. Or speak the truth so that you may not fear.

16 : COMPLEX TO COMPOUND SENTENCES

1) Spare the rod and spoil the child.
2) Leave the room or I shall compel you to do so.
3) Hold your tongue or you will repent.
4) I had lost the book but I found it.
5) He is a fool and knave.
6) He wants to become rich so he works hard.
7) He is here so I will explain everything to him.
8) You have worked out this sum so you may go out to play.
9) The trumpet sounded and the battle commenced. Or the trumpet sounded so the battle commenced.
10) He received his father’s letter so he left for home yesterday. Or he received his father’s letter and left
for home yesterday.
11) Make an apology or you shall not leave the room.
12) You lead and I shall follow
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 17: REMOVE ‘TOO’

1) He was so weak that he could not walk.

2) He is so slow that he cannot win the race.
3) She is so weak that she cannot pass the examination.
4) He is so foolish that he cannot win the election.
5) He is so old that he cannot walk.
6) The principal is so busy that he cannot attend the meeting.
7) He is so proud that he cannot learn.
8) He is so weak that he cannot go to school.
9) The dress is so costly that it cannot be purchased.
10) He is so poor that he cannot buy the books.
11) The house is so small that it cannot accommodate everybody.
12) He is so honest that he will not accept a bribe.
13) My grandfather is so weak that he cannot walk properly.
14) He is so busy that he cannot come.
15) He is so exhausted that he cannot walk.

18: MODAL AUXILIARIES

1. We must worry about junk food.
2. He was able to see Mrs. Adis stooping over the fire.
3. We need to hold to constitutional methods.
4. They should be protected
5. The time will come.
6. I must come and see your mother.
7. I was trying to figure out how we must go about it.
8. Incidents would hapen earlier but their frequency has increased.
9. Every morning Gandhiji would go for a walk.
10. I would write and rewrite.
11. We would call him Bapuji
12. They can perform any action
13. She could attend school only until 4th grade
14. It can harm another human being.
15. Vehicles can't stop there.
16. One is unable to point a finger only at cell phone towers.

19 : TENSES
1. I took the apples back to the shop. (Change into simple past)
2. She had promised to help me. (Change into past perfect)
3. I have left some photos to be developed. (Change into present perfect)
4. I was writing my exam this time tomorrow. (Change into past continuous tense)
5. He is waiting for us. (Change into present continuous tense)
6. I knew this. (Change into simple past)
7. He has thought about this. (Change into present perfect tense)
8. He wants to know more about the job. (Change into simple present)
9. I will be leaving for England tomorrow. (Change into future continuous tense)
10. She didn’t think about that. (Change into simple past)
11. The entire area had this heady aroma. (Change into past perfect tense)
12. The rodents had destroyed about a fourth of all grain (Change into past perfect tense)
13. Worms have been living about a foot and a half underground. (Change into present perfect
continuous tense)
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14. Many interesting stories will have been putting forward. (Change into future perfect tense)
15. Artistic attainments had found various vocational outlets. (Change into past perfect tense)

20: ‘WH’ QUESTION

FRAME A ‘WH’ QUESTION TO GET THE UNDERLINED PART AS THE ANSWER

1) How does she perform her work?
2) Why will you not find more than one pair of robins in a small garden?
3) What are we are going to enter on the 26th of January 1950?
4) Where did Skinner head for?
5) What did they say the miners died from?
6) Whom will the president address?
7) Where did he to hide?
8) What did he love above all things?
9) What is courage?
10) Where is it located?
11) What did Dennis follow?
12) Who was the leader of the U P and L team?
13) What does Fraternity mean?

21: DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Rewrite into indirect speech:
1) She said that she had bought a new dress the day before.
2) The father told his son that he would buy him a bicycle on his birthday.”
3) He said that he would come again.
4) He exclaimed that he had done a foolish job.
5) He told me that I could go there.
6) He told me that his book was lost.
7) He asked me what my name was.
8) He warned you not to enter here.
9) I exclaimed that it was very amazing.
10) The teacher said that the earth revolves round the sun.
11) Father said to me that he had a stomach-ache.
12) Ronit asked me if I could him help him in solving that problem.
13) Sohan told Mohan that he was going to school.
14) Ramu said to me that hehad seen a lion in the forest.
15) Satish told me that he was very happy there.
16) He said that he could do that work.
17) Renu told me that she had been washing the clothes.
18) He told Sita that he had passed the test.
19) I told my friend that he had been working very hard.
20) My friend told me that he would go to Delhi the next day.
21) I said that I agreed to what he had said.
22) The student told the teacher that he was sorry that he was late.
23) I asked him where he was going.
24) He asked me if I would go there.
25) My friend asked Deepak if he had ever been to Agra.
26) I asked him if he had enjoyed the movie.
27) I asked her if she knew him.
28) He asked me if I would listen to him.
29) I asked him when he would go there.
30) He asked me how my father was.
31) I asked him if he was happy.
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32) He asked her if she liked apples.
33) She ordered me to open the window.
34) The captain commanded the soldiers to attack the enemy.
35) The teacher asked the students to listen to him attentively.
36) I requested him to bring me a glass of water.
37) I requested my friend to lend me his book.
38) Mohan exclaimed that it was a great pity.
39) I exclaimed that it was a very stupid of him.
40) The traveller exclaimed that it was a very terrible sight.

22: SPOT THE ERROR AND REWRITE THE SENTENCES

1) His mouth watered when he saw bunch of grapes.
2) They left their luggage at the railway station.
3) I was neither scared of people’s curious looks nor their awkward questions.
4) She aims at doing well in the exams
5) I miss my friends a lot.
6) Not only did his speech improve but his expression also became clearer.
7) The manager with all the employees is present.
8) The number of people does not matter
9) I like to see movies at the theatre.
10) I never forget the given responsibility.
11) He has often asked me to think before I speak.
12) No sooner did I challenge the man than he accepted it.
13) We are the strongest community in the world.
14) I entered the room for searching the documents.
15) We can plant the trees in order to save the earth.
16) I usually ask my employees to be punctual in their tasks.
17) The training had come to an end before you left the city.
18) If you challenge me, I will accept it.
19) The manager was looking for the missing file.
20) She is the tallest of all her brothers in the family.
21) He said that he did not want to go bazaar the previous day.
22) Mango is the best among all the Indian fruits.
23) If I were a bird, I would fly.
24) A European visited in India.
25) Divide this apple between Robert and David.

23. ALTHOUGH / EVEN THOUGH

1. Although / Even though it was raining, we went to the beach.
2. Although / Even though we were tired, we continued working.
3. Although / Even though it was getting late, we decided to stay and talk little longer.
4. Although / Even though she has to drive twenty minutes to get to his house, she gave him a ride home,
which was very nice of her.
5. We decided to go for a walk in the park although / even though it was very cold out.
6. Although / Even though she was getting impatient and wanted to leave, he stayed at the computer for a
little while longer.
7. Although / Even though the roads were really bad, and many people decided not to drive that night, we
went to the market anyway.

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8. Although / Even though the prices are a little higher at that supermarket, we like to go shopping there
anyway.
9. Although / Even though he's extremely afraid of traveling by areoplane, we were able to convince him to
go with us.
10. Although/Even though they said they were on a diet, they had chocolate cake for dessert.

24. IF / UNLESS
1. Unless we get the money before Friday, we will be in trouble.
2. Unless you give me the key, I will kill you.
3. Unless you submit the original documents, your application will be rejected.
4. I will take this job unless the pay is too low.
5. Unless they help us, we will not be able to finish this.
6. Unless you eat good food, you will not be.
7. You can't go on vacation unless you save some money.
8. You will feel cold unless you wear a coat.
9. I’ll arrive at 10am unless there is traffic.
10. Unless you read Dr. Shivas’s book, you will not learn more on this issue.
11. Unless you can behave yourself, you will have to find another job.
12. Unless you avoid study, you will not lose your mark.
13. Unless you are careful, they might prove a danger
14. Unless you are honest, all will not like you.
15. Unless you try hard, you will not get success.
16. Unless you give up bad habits, you will spoil your health.

USE ‘HARDLY ….WHEN’

1. Hardly had we crossed the bridge when we heard a gunshot.
2) Hardly had the sun risen when the birds began chirping.
(3) We had hardly reached the top of the hill when it started raining.
(4) Hardly had father returned from office when he was called again.
(5) We had hardly entered the house when the phone started ringing
(6) We had hardly gone some distance when we saw a juggler with his monkey.
(7) Hardly had he drunk the water when he was instantly struck down.
(8) Hardly had the water touched his lips when he was struck down.
(9) Hardly had he stooped when he heard the Yaksha's warning voice.
(10) Hardly had Lakshmi noticed him when she lost her temper.
(11) Hardly had the doctor heard it when she rushed out of the
(12) Hardly had the fats collected on the surface when a layer was med
(13) Hardly had he seen the old man when he ran away.
(14) Hardly had he bitten the rope when it snapped.

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 PRACTICE PAPERS
ACTIVITY SHEET: I

SECTION 1: PROSE

[Reading for Comprehension, Language Study, Summary, Mind Mapping]

Q. 1. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Section I : Prose

At a corner of Sixth Avenue electric lights and cunningly displayed wares behind plateglass made a shop
window attractive. Soapy took a stone and dashed it through the glass. People came running round the
corner, a policeman in the lead. Soapy stood still with his hands in his pockets, and smiled at the sight of
brass buttons.
"Where's the man that done that?" inquired the officer agitatedly.
"Don't you think that I might have had something to do with it?" said Soapy, with a friendly voice, as one
greets good fortune.
The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue. Men who smash windows do not remain to chat with
the police. They take to their heels. The policeman saw a man half-way down the block running to catch a
car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit. Soapy, with disgust in his heart, drifted along, twice
unsuccessful.
On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions. It catered to large appetites and
modest purses. Its crockery and atmosphere were thick; its soup and napery thin. Into this place Soapy
betook himself without challenge. At a table he sat and consumed beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie.
And then he told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total strangers.
"Now, get busy and call a cop," said Soapy. "And don't keep a gentleman waiting." "No cop for you," said
the waiter, with a voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in the Manhattan cocktail. "Hey, Con!"
Neatly upon his left ear on the callous pavement two waiters pitched Soapy. He arose, joint by joint, as a
carpenter's rule opens, and dusted his clothes. Arrest seemed now but an elusive dream. The island seemed
very far away. A policeman who stood before a drugstore two doors away laughed and walked down the
street.

A1. Rewrite the False sentences correctly: (2)

(i) Soapy broke the glass of the shop window.
(ii) Nobody heard the breaking of the window.
(iii) The policeman chased Soapy.
(iv) Soapy did not run away from the place.
A2. Give reasons and complete the following: (2)
(i) The cop did not arrest Soapy for breaking the glass window because ______________________
(ii) Soapy was disgusted with the policeman because ___________________________

A3. Discuss the hidden meaning in the following expressions/sentences: (2)

(i) It catered to large appetites and modest purses.
(ii) He told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total strangers.

A4. Have you ever bought/eaten something and then found that you did not have enough money to pay for
it? Describe your feelings at that time. (2)
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A5. Convert the following sentences into the affirmative without changing their meaning: (2)
(1) Men who smash windows do not remain to chat with the police.
(ii) On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions.

A6. Fill in the blanks with the correct nouns from the extract: (2)
(i) friendly ___________ (iii) large ___________ (ii) electric __________ (iv) callous _________
(B) Language Study:
Bl. Do as directed/Transformation of sentences: (4 Marks)
(i) We need many such organizations. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as
the answer.) (1)
(ii) It reduces inequality. (Rewrite it using the Present Perfect Tense.) (1)
(iii) Reinventing them will need political will and administrative vision. (Rewrite the sentence using 'not
only... but also.) (1)
B2. Spot the error/s in the given sentence and rewrite the correct sentence. (1)
Though the population has grown, but the rate of growth has falled sharply.
Q. 2. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Luxurious houses on the edge of a big city which one promoter sold with the tagline "Where Nature peeps
through every window." All the advantages of a modern lifestyle but with the added bonus of fresh air. But
nature isn't greenery alone; it also includes wild animals.
While the view from the picture windows was easy on the eye, occasionally, it made them gulp with
nervousness. At dusk, wild cats leaped out of the adjoining forest on to the top of the peripheral walls and
strolled nonchalantly. Sometimes, they lounged on ledges with their long tails swinging freely, oblivious of
the many worried human eyes pinned on them. Their cold yellow aggressive eyes turned black as their
pupils dilated with failing light.
Some Mumbaikars paid a lot of money to see leopards on safari in Africa. But to watch them from one's
own home was disconcerting. These predators were out of line, stepping off nature into the city. Why did
the leopards not stay within the 100-square kilometre Sanjay Gandhi National Park? Perhaps, the leopards
thought that if people could venture into nature to jog, walk and picnic, why couldn't they hang around
apartment blocks? If people could enjoy nature, couldn't nature savour humanity's offerings?
Capturing leopards is extraordinarily simple. These curious cats seem incapable of resisting a free meal,
walking into baited traps without hesitation. The reason the felines are attracted to their residential
community is prey: stray dogs that live on rubbish heaps. Taking care of the food source is the best course
of action, the volunteers said.

A1. Rewrite the following sentences as per their occurrence in the extract: (2)
(i) Instead of capturing leopards we can take care of their food.
(ii) Leopards leave their habitat and enter the human habitat.
(iii) Modern lifestyle and nature both attract the dwellers.
(iv) Leopards can enjoy human surroundings by leaving nature.

A2. Complete the following sentences: (2)

(i) Nature is a combination of ___________ and ____________
(ii) The best of both the worlds include ____________ and ___________
(iii) The wild animals are out of line as ________________.
(iv) The wild cats are attracted towards residential areas because _____________
A3. Find out the words for leopards used in the extract: (2)
i) ____________________ ii) _______________ iii) __________________ iv) _____________
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A4. "If people could venture into nature to jog, walk and picnic, why couldn't the wild animals hang around
apartment blocks?" Express your opinion. (2)
A5. Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed: (2)
(i) Taking care of the food source is the best course of action. (Use infinitive form of the underlined word
and rewrite.)
(ii) Nature isn't greenery alone; it also includes wild animals. (Rewrite it by using 'not only ... but also'.)
A6. Find a word for each of the following expressions from the extract: (2)
(i) Enjoy the taste of something
(ii Embarrassing and confusing to watch
(iii) Not conscious or aware of something or someone
(iv) Relaxed and in an unworried manner

(D) Summary writing

Q. 2 (A) Prepare a summary of the extract given in Q. 2 (A). Give it a suitable title. You may use the
following points: (3 Marks)
Luxurious houses in nature ……….. fear of wild animals …………… leopards enjoy …….. human
habitation ……….. provide food.

(C) Mind mapping: (3 Marks)

Note: You will have to develop a Mind Mapping frame/design using your ideas/ thoughts/concepts to
illustrate develop on the given topic.
Complete the spidergram using the words given in the brackets :
(Tibia, Biceps, Skull, Quadriceps, Abdominals, Femur, Deltoid, Ribs)

MUSCLES BONES

H
U
M
A
N

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 SECTION II : POETRY
[Comprehension and Appreciation]

(A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10 Marks)

Weavers, weaving at break of day,

Why do you weave a garment so gay?
Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild,
We weave the robes of a new-born child.

Weavers, weaving at fall of night,

Why do you weave a garment so bright?
Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green,
We weave the marriage-veils of a queen.

Weavers, weaving solemn and still,

What do you weave in the moonlight chill ......
White as a feather and white as a cloud,
We weave a dead man's funeral shroud.

A1. Match the columns: (2)

A B
i early morning a Queen’s wedding
ii evening b Purple and green
iii night c Dead man’s funeral
iv peacock's plumes d New born child

A2. Pick out two words used to describe the weavers in the last stanza. Also state their importance. (2)
A3. Express your views about the present conditions of weavers. (2)
A4. (i) Find the rhyme schemes in the second and third stanzas. (1)
(ii) Pick out and explain an example of Simile. (1)
A5. Compose four lines on 'Importance of clothes. (2)
(B) Read the extract and write the appreciation based on the aspects given below: (4 Marks)

My father travels on the late evening train

Standing among silent commuters in the yellow light
Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes
His shirt and pants are soggy and his black raincoat
Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books
Is falling apart. His eyes dimmed by age

Fade homeward through the humid monsoon night.

Now I can see him getting off the train
Like a word dropped from a long sentence.
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He hurries across the length of the grey platform,
Crosses the railway line, enters the lane,
His chappals are sticky with mud, but he hurries onward.

Home again, I see him drinking weak tea,

Eating a stale chapati, reading a book.
He goes into the toilet to contemplate
Man's estrangement from a man-made world.

• About the poem/poet and significance of the title

• The form and theme, and its significance
• Poetic style, language features/poetic devices used
• Inspirational message, values, morals reflected in the poem
• Special features
• Your opinion and critical evaluation of the poem

SECTION III: WRITING SKILLS

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below: (16 Marks)
(A) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)
(1) Drafting a Virtual Message:
Read the following conversation between Aashna and Mr. Singh:
Aashna : Hello, may I speak to Ranajit, please?
Mr Singh : Ranajit is getting ready for school. May I know who is speaking?
Aashna : My name is Aashna. I am Ranajit's classmate.
Mr Singh : Hello, Aashna. I am Ranajit's father. Is there any message?
Aashna : Yes. Please ask him to bring his biology notebook to school today. I was absent from school due
to illness. I would like to see the notes which our biology teacher gave to the class during my absence.
Mr Singh : I will definitely do that.
Since Mr Singh had to go for his morning walk he left a message for Ranajit. Draft that message in 50
words.
OR
(2) Statement of Purpose:
You must have decided your aim in life. Which institute/university would you like to join for your
diploma/graduation. Write a Statement of Purpose as a part of your application to the institute/university.
(3) Group Discussion:
An economically deprived girl student in your class who has received admission in a reputed college abroad
needs monetary help to pursue further studies there. Have a group discussion amongst your friends to seek
solutions to help her. Write four/five views in the form of dialogues.

297
(B) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)
(1) E-Mail:
Write an email in a proper format to your friends about your proposed trek. You can take the help of
the points given below.
* A trek the forest of aikanal * Time and duration
* Type of trek (cycle/ motorbike/ walk)
* Facilities provided
* Last date for registration
* Fees
OR

(2) Report Writing:

Prepare a newspaper report with the help of the headline and points given below:
“Autorickshaw Drivers on Strike”

• flash strike
• sudden checks by traffic police
• checks due to passenger complaints, rigged meters

(3) Interview:
Imagine that you have to interview a doctor. Frame a set of 8-10 questions to interview him/her with
the help of the points given below:

• reasons for his/her choice.

• difficulties encountered
• education and activities
• message to youth
(C) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)
(1) Speech
*India's Changing Villages'. Prepare a speech in about 100-150 words on this topic with the help of
the points given below:
* image of a village
* new crops and technology
* other occupations in addition to farming.
* awareness of the political scene

OR
(2) Compering:
Imagine that you are a compere of the Independence Day" function in your college. Write a script in
about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below:
(i) Introduction A brief introduction of the programme/function/show
(ii) Flag hoisting
298
(iii) National Anthem and Pledge
(iv) Principal's Speech
(v) Songs
(vi) Vote of thanks
OR

(3) Expansion of an idea :

Expand the following idea in about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below:
The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world'.

• mother is main caregiver

• mother is the teacher and guide
• strong influence in formative years of child

(D) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) Review :
Write a review of a film you have recently seen based on any four of the following points:
* Names of the characters (main and supporting roles)
*About the Story/Theme of the film
* Special features/novelties/novel ideas
*Music/Dance/Songs/Action/Direction
* Why did you like/not like the film
* Should others watch this film/Would you recommend it to your friends? Why?

OR
(2) Blog Writing:
Write a blog in a proper format on 'The Menace of Littering' in about 100-150 words with the help of
the points given below:
* dirty surroundings
* laziness of public
* solutions

OR
(3) Appeal:
Prepare an appeal of 100-150 words on the topic 'Save our Farmers' with the help of the points given
below:
* farmers of Vidarbha
* suffering due to droughts
* rally organized for donations
* leading actor involved

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 SECTION IV: LITERARY GENRE - NOVEL

Q.5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions: (4 Marks)
(1) Match the columns: (2)

A B
i Murasaki Shikibu a Cervantes
ii Novella b Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya
iii Don Quixote c Tale of Genji
iv Rajmohan's Wife d New

(2) Choose the correct answer from the box given below which define the elements of a novel: (2)

Conflict, Character, Theme ,Setting, Style, Novella ,Behaviour

(i) The language and techniques used by the author for his narration:_____________
(ii) The central idea in the novel: _____________
(iii) The struggle between the opposite forces: ______________
(iv)The background in which the story takes place: ______________

(B) Answer the following questions in about 50 words: (4 Marks)

(1) Describe in brief the purpose of organising the half-yearly report programme of Students' Council.(2)
(2) The relationship between the teacher and the students is highlighted in the extract. Illustrate with 2
examples from the extract.
( C) Answer the following questions in about 50 words: (4 Marks)
(1) There is a sudden twist in the climax of the novel. Explain by citing some relevant examples from the
extract. (2)
(2) Interpret the following quote in the light of the extract of the novel, *Around the World in Eighty Days':
*Quitters never win and winners never quit'. (2)

(D) Answer the following questions : (4 Marks)

(1)Complete the webs comparing the traits of Sherlock Holmes and Watson. (Choose from the
qualities given in the box below.)
(pessimistic, proud, precise, lazy, methodical, rude, diffident)

Holmes
i)

ii) Watson

(2) Narrate in brief the meeting of Miss Morstan with Holmes. (2)
***************************

300
 ACTIVITY SHEET: II

SECTION I: PROSE

Reading for Comprehension, Language Study, Summary, Mind Mapping

Q. 1. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Meanwhile, I saw a man standing at a distance with a stick in his hand. As I approached, he appeared
spooked due to alarm calls of the Leopard. We greeted each other. He was Raju Iskape from Pitezari. He
had come to collect logs but retreated due to the Leopard's movement. Raju was amazed at my regular
solitary visits to Umbarzara, the haven for Tigers, Leopards and Sloth Bears. We stopped under a Kusum
tree to take a break. We both felt a bit relaxed. Now we were four eyes, four hands with a stick. Then we
both resumed our walking tour.
There was one tiny track that broke out of the main trail. "I will take this route, you go straight," said
Raju and turned right. I kept walking straight until I climbed a familiar hillock. I crossed the cement pillar
and stones stacked by Forest Development Corporation to mark the boundary of the forest compartment.
Took another trail after climbing down. Walked across a beautiful Mahua tree loaded with reddish-brown
leaves. The ground under the tree was cleaned very well. The thought instantly flashed in my mind- 'I'd
lost my way'. Next moment, I found another dusky trail. Hastily I took that trail which took me from a
narrow gorge to an open field. The area was surrounded by hillocks of dry deciduous tropical forest. I
turned back to spot the sun. Now, the geographical west was set. The dusky trail had vanished. Good
Heavens! I was lost. Completely lost in this jungle, that too at a very dreadful time! The sun was melting
down like a fleeting runner.
Soaked in my own sweat, I felt like shouting to my heart’s content. But there was no other soul to listen
to my sound in this wilderness. I had two bags with me. The Shabnam bag having the camera and the
other was a small colourful hand-made bag used in villages to carry tiffin. The tiffin still had some stuff,
but I didn't feel like having it. The blossoming Boxwood trees, the Bhoop Bhoop sound of Coucal bird,
the song of Robin bind, all appeared alien to me.

A1. Complete the following: (2)

(i) Raju had come to the jungle ________________
(ii) The FDC marked the forest boundary with the help of _____________
(iii) Of the two bags the narrator had, _______________ and the other a tiffin.
(iv) Umbarzara was a refuge for___________________

A2. Pick out and write two statements from the extract telling us that the writer was lost. (2)
A3. Give reasons: (2)
(i) After meeting Raju, the writer and Raju both felt relaxed because____________
(ii) The time was dreadful because _______________

A4. Narrate a real/imaginary experience when you have lost your way. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(i) Raju was amazed at my solitary visits to Umbarzara. (Rewrite beginning ‘My solitary………….)
(ii) Umbarzara is the haven for Tigers, Leopards and Sloth Bears. (Rewrite the sentence using 'not only...
but also'.)

301
A6. Make sentences of your own using the words: (2)
(i) spooked ii) fleeting
(B) Language Study: (4 Marks)
B1. Do as Directed/Transformation of Sentences:
(i) He goes for his morning walk at 1 p.m. (Rewrite the sentence using the present perfect continuous
tense.)
(ii) They live in different time zones. (Make it a complex sentence.)
(iii) The man decides to take a day off from work. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word.)

B2. Spot the error/s in the given sentence and rewrite the correct sentence: (1)
I has picked some of the lovely, tasty apple.
2. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

In more recent times Gandhiji, perhaps, is one who assiduously brushed aside adulation to remain a free
'nobody". At the Congress session when he, the star of the session, stunned everybody by cleaning up the
latrines, his act was calculated to purge Congress workers of their false sense of status, and so to return
the movement to its down-to-earth roots. The point of guarding against becoming a self-defeating
somebody applies to the upbringing of children as well. Doting parents often stunt the natural growth of
their children through excessive adulation. Commonplace acts and utterances of the child are praised and
quoted beyond reason. Talent that otherwise might have flowered under proper training, is lauded to the
extent of killing it.
John Stuart Mill's education and training began very early. At an age when many kids can barely lisp a
few words, he had learnt enough Greek and Latin to read the classics in the original. Before he was five
he had read more than what many scholars normally read in their career. Did this make the child John
feel heady? No! Because, he tells us, his father (who was also his tutor) always made him believe that
there was nothing extraordinary about his achievement; that he was doing only what anybody is capable
of doing. Mill was made to believe that other boys of his age had, in fact, grossly underestimated their
capabilities and were wasting their early years striving for too little.

A1. Rewrite the wrong statements correctly: (2)

The theme of the extract is:
(i) One must be down-to-earth.
(ii) One must try to remain away from a false sense of status.
(iii) One must try to be admired by everyone.
(iv) One must encourage adulation.

A2. Complete the web: (2)

The uncommon facts of John Mill

At a very young age, Mill............. and

read........... By the age of five, Mill…………………

302
A3. What did Gandhiji do at the Congress session? Why? (2)
A4. According to you, what qualities made Gandhiji a Mahatma? (2)
A5. Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed: (2)
(i) He had learnt enough Greek and Latin. (Rewrite it beginning with: "Enough Greek and Latin ... )
(ii) Gandhiji brushed aside adulation to remain a free 'nobody". (Rewrite it using the "ing" form of the
underlined part.)

A6. Match the words with their meanings:

A B
i carefully A adulation
ii prevent B Heady
iii Feel excited C Assiduously
iv praise d stunt

(B) Summary Writing: (3 Marks)

Prepare a summary of the extract given in Q. 2 (A). Give it a suitable title. You may use the following
points:
(Gandhiji's humility …………. effect of doting parents on children ……………… John Stuart Mill's
achievements ………….. his father's reactions)
(C) Mind Mapping : (3 Marks)
Complete the mind mapping frame given below using your own ideas .

………………….. ………………………….

Medical team
……………………

Enforcement Fight against pandemic

Personnel
……………………….

Precautions

……………………… ………………………..

303
 SECTION II: POETRY
[Comprehension and Appreciation]

Q. 3. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10 Marks)

When I had money, money, O!

I knew no joy till I went poor;
For many a false man as a friend
Came knocking all day at my door.

Then felt I like a child that holds

A trumpet that he must not blow
Because a man is dead; I dared
Not speak to let this false world know.

Much have I thought of life, and seen

How poor men's hearts are ever light;
And how their wives do hum like bees
About their work from morn till night.

So, when I hear these poor ones laugh,

And see the rich ones coldly frown
Poor men, think I, need not go up
So much as rich men should come down.

A1. State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the False statements with the
help of the poem: (2)
(i) The poet knew no joy till he was rich.
(ii) The poet feels that the hearts of poor men are always heavy.
(iii) When the poet had money, he had many false friends.
(iv) The wives of poor men lead busy lives.

A2. Write reasons for the following statement: (2)

Friends came knocking all day at the poet's door_______________
A3. Write your opinion about the importance of money in one's life. (2)
A4. Pick out and explain two examples of inversion from the poem. (2)
A5. Compose a short poem of 4 lines on 'Money'. (2)

(B) Read the poem 'Song of the open road' and write the appreciation based on the following
aspects: (4 Marks)

Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,

Healthy, free, the world before me.
The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,
Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing.
Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,
Strong and content I travel the open road.
304
The earth, that is sufficient,
I do not want the constellations any nearer,
I know they are very well where they are.
I know they suffice for those who belong to them.
(Still here I carry my old delicious burdens, I carry them, men and
women, I carry them with me wherever I go.
I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them, I am fill'd with them,
and I will fill them in return.)

• About the poem poet and significance of the title

• The form and theme and its significance
• Poetic style, language features/poetic devices used
• Inspirational message, values, morals reflected in the poem
• Special features
• Your opinion and critical evaluation of the poem

SECTION III: WRITING SKILLS

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below: (16 Marks)

(A) Attempt any ONE of the following:

(1) Drafting a Virtual Message:

Using information from the dialogue given below, write the message which Gaurav left for his sister, Priti.
(Do not leave out any vital information or add any new information).

Geeta : Hi, may I speak to Priti?

Gaurav : She's not at home. May I know who is speaking?
Geeta : I am Geeta, her friend from Nashik.
Gaurav : Can you call later?
Geeta : Actually, I cannot. I am off to Delhi just now, and will be a little busy. I just called to tell her that I
have got a job in Smriti Pharmaceuticals, and have to join with immediate effect. I have lost my cellphone,
but had your landline number written down. I will call from Delhi as soon as I get a new phone.
Gaurav: Congratulations on your new job.
Geeta : Thanks. Also, tell her that I have sent some books by courier. She will know which ones.
Gaurav: Will do. Bye and all the best.
Gaurav had to leave for office. So he wrote a note for Priti.

Draft her message in not more than 50 words.

OR

(2) Statement of Purpose:

To love acting and want to become a TV/Theatre/Film actor Statement of Purpose: You have taken part in
many drama competitions held at your college, and have also acted in street plays. You are a good Natram
dancer too. You are fluent in English, Hindi, Marathi and Tamil Prepare a Statement of Purpose for
admission to the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune.

OR

(3) Group Discussion :

Read the topic given below for a group discussion between three people, and write the dialogues.
‘Razing of forests for construction/roads.’ You may use the following points:
305
 • climate change
• replacement of cut trees
• man's greed never-ending
• loss of fauna

(B) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) E-Mail:

Send an email in the proper format to Ms. Sujata Vakhani, thanking her for having judged a debate
competition in your college. She has spent a lot of time not only on judging but also in giving feedback to
the participants, and answering questions from the audience. Add your own details.

OR

(2) Report Writing:

Write a report of 100-150 words based on the headline Bank employees on one-day strike' with the help of
the points given below:

*private and foreign banks too

* protest against mergers
* protest against sudden policy changes
*talks with government
OR

(3) Interview:

Imagine that you have to interview a traffic policeman. Frame a set of 8-10 questions to interview him/her
with the help points given below:
• Inspiration
• entry into the profession
• difficulties faced
• support received

(C) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) Speech :

Draft a speech on 'Independence Day' in about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below:

* significance of day
* contributions of freedom fighters
* what we can do
* things we need independence from, today

OR

(2) Compering:

Imagine that you are a compere of the Children's Day function in your college. Prepare a script for the same
in about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below:

* Introduction-A brief introduction of the programme/function/show

306
* Welcome speech
*Entertainment programme
* Principal's Speech
* Vote of thanks
OR
(3) Expansion of an idea:

Expand the following idea in about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below:

A chain is only as strong as its weakest link

* team performance
*failure if one person is weak
* each person to be strong
* weak links are targeted by opponents

(D) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) Review
Write the review of a motivating film you have seen. You can take the help of the following points:
• Name of the film and director
• Lead actors
• The motivational message
• What impressed you the most
• Your recommendation

OR
(2) Blog:

Write a blog in a proper format on "Learn self-defence' in about 100-150 words with the help
of the points given below:
• improvement in physical and mental health
• increase in confidence
• unexpected and dangerous situations
• various types of self-defence skills

OR
(3) Appeal:

Prepare an appeal for funds for an orphanage in about 100-150 words with the help of the points
given below:
• insufficient funds due to inflation
• good deed
• how to donate and what to donate
• contact details

SECTION IV: LITERARY GENRE - NOVEL

Q.5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions: (4 Marks)

1) Rewrite the following statements in chronological order:

(i) Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the period after that.
(ii) The novel originated as the literary form in England.
(iii) Indian novelists like Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai have dazzled with their writing.
(iv) Many stalwart novelists such as Charles Dickens, Walter Scott became famous.

307
(2) Write if thefollowing statements are True or False: (2)
(i) The plot and character affected to the setting.
(ii) ‘Plot’ is the narrative style of the author.
(iii) ‘Stream of Consciousness’is a term coined by William James.
(iv) Joseph Conrad is a novelist of the 18th century.

(B) (1) Answer the following questions: (4 Marks)

(1) Name the following:

(i)The place where the event in the extract was held : ………………….
(ii) The teacher who offered no coherent argument to the students’ questions : …………………….
(iii) The student who exhibited a model of a human skeleton: …………………………
(iv) He was outwitted by Miss Phillips: ……………………………

(2) "Then why do we have to do P.T.? Why don't they take only the kids who need it?"
Find out who the speaker is, his/her tone, the style, significance etc. of the dialogue. Write your answer in
about 50 words.

(C) Answer the following questions: (4 Marks)

(1) Discuss the central idea of the given extract of the novel, Around the World in Eighty Days' in about 50
words. (2)
(2) Identify and write down the correct options: (2)

(i) Which of the following is an appropriate reason for Phileas Fogg starting his journey around the
world?
(a) Fellow members bet Fogg
(b) Fogg bets his fellow members
(c) Fogg wants to marry Aouda
(d) Fogg committed robbery

(ii) Which one among the following is not a major character of the extract?
(a) Phileas Fogg
(b) Aouda
(c) James Strand
(d) Jean Passepartout

(iii) Which of the following is not used as a means of transport in the extract?
(a) Elephant (b) Horse (c) Train (d) Steamer

(iv) Which of the following place(s) is/are not mentioned in the extract?
(a) Bombay (Now, Mumbai)
(b) Allahabad
(c) London.
(d) Calcutta (Now, Kolkata)

(D) Answer the following questions in about 50 words: (4 Marks)

(1) Describe in brief the importance of the following places in the extract:
(a) London
(b) Lyceum Theatre

(2) Dr. Watson, the narrator, is one of the major characters in the novel. Illustrate.

**********************
308
 ACTIVITY SHEET: 3
SECTION I: PROSE

Q. 1. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

I had a very simple upbringing. We were a lower middle class family. Our 300 square feet house
did not even have basic amenities such as a fan, a refrigerator, a geyser, a dining table or a gas stove; leave
alone an air conditioner or a car. It was only when I entered the college that I got a watch and we got a
dining table and a gas stove at home. Nevertheless, culturally, I had a rich childhood. Poets like Vinda
Karandikar, Mangesh Padgaonkar and Vasant Bapat used to visit our home and for hours I could listen to
the discussions about poetry and literature-Marathi and English. They used to talk about Keshavsut,
Mardhekar, Shakespeare, Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy. I did not fully understand their discussions
in depth, but I was immensely impressed. We also were lucky to have Pt. Kumar Gandharv, Pt. Bhimsen
Joshi and Pt. Jasraj visit our place and talk about Indian music till late night or sometimes dawn. This is
how and why I developed my interest in literature and music during my school days. I did not and even
today don't understand the grammar' of music, but I began to love it tremendously since then.
Most of the times, the topics of discussion at our home were about music, literature, paintings,
sculptures etc. I could listen to the discussions about Van Gogh, Mozart and Michaelangelo ete. It was
because of such a milieu around me that I had a firm belief which I still hold that all arts are equally, if not
more, important in our lives than Science or Technology everything in life. It is necessary, but if at all there
is something which enriches our lives and puts meaning to our existence, it is the arts, music and literature.

A1. Make a list of: (2)

(i) 2 painters and
(ii) 2 musicians who had a great impact on Achyut Godbole during his childhood.
A2. Give the writer's opinion about : (2)
(i) arts, music and literature.
(ii) money.
A3. Nevertheless, culturally I had a rich childhood'. Explain the statement with reference to the
extract. (2)
A4. Describe two instances/events in your childhood when you felt very happy. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(i) I did not fully understand their discussions but I was immensely impressed. (Remove 'but'.)
(ii) Write a sentence from the extract that shows past habit.
A6. From the extract, prepare a word register of at least 4 words for 'Household appliances and
objects' (2)
(B) Language Study: (4 Marks)
B1. Do as Directed/Transformation of Sentences:
(i) No children would die of such causes. (Rewrite as a rhetorical question.) (1)
(ii) Nobody would die of hunger or suffer from malnutrition. (Rewrite using a modal auxiliary
showing obligation.)
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(iii) In a poverty-free world, no children would die of such causes. (Rewrite the sentence
beginning with 'If......) (1)

B2. Spot the error/s in the given sentences and rewrite the correct sentences: (1)
The room is filled of people. You will have to preside on this meeting.
Q. 2. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

E-waste started getting recognized in India from 2003 under Hazardous Waste Rules. It is
obligatory on India to legislate the protocols dealing with e-waste disposal. E-waste is generated
from refrigerators, televisions, printers, mobile phones, computers, music systems, radios, tape
recorders, videos, VCD and laboratory equipment. Estimated e-waste generated in India is 8 lakhs
MT/ year, whereas 20000 MT/ year is the estimated e-waste from Maharashtra. The Electronic
Waste Rule 2011 under Environment Protection Act, 1986 came into effect from 1st May, 2012.
Under this Act, collection centres are required to be established under the authorization of state
pollution control boards and committees to collect the e-waste.

This waste will be sent to registered recyclers and dismantlers for processing. There are 3
authorized recycling / dismantling centres which are operational and 20 recyclers / dismantlers are
getting established under the authorization of Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB). Most
of the e-waste is collected and processed by unauthorized and unrecognized entities following very
crude and environmentally hazardous methods. Cadmium is one of the hazardous materials
involved in e-waste, which can bio-accumulate in the environment and is extremely toxic to humans
in affecting kidneys and bones. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) cabling when burnt or land-filled, these
PVCs release dioxins that have harmful effects on human reproductive and immune systems.
Mercury (Hg) which is used in lighting devices in flat screen displays, can cause damage to the
nervous system, kidneys and brain. There is an urgent need to organize, establish, control and
monitor the overall working of e-waste scenario.

A1. Based on the extract, pick out and write down the two correct sentences: (2)
The extract deals with:
(i) The disadvantages of electronic equipment.
(ii) The necessity of having rules / laws dealing with e-waste.
(iii) The hazardous effects of e-waste.
(iv) The legislations dealing with e-waste.

A2. Write the hazardous effects of the following on the environment and humans: (2)
(i) Cadmium: (ii) PVC :
A3. Complete the following: (2)
(i)Unauthorised bodies process e-waste in a very.....................
(ii) Ever since the hazards of e-waste have been recognized, India has to...............
(iii) India generates of e-waste annually......................
(iv) Under the Electronic Waste Rule 2011, the e-waste collected will be sent to..…..............
A4. How, according to you, can the problem of e-waste be solved? (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(i) 20000 MT/year is the estimated e-waste from Maharashtra. (Frame a Wh-question to get the
underlined part as the answer.)

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 (ii) Cadmium is extremely toxic to humans. (Make it exclamatory.)
A6. Give the noun forms of: (2)
(i) recycling (ii) dismantling (iii) hazardous (iv) immune
(B) Summary Writing: (3 Marks)
Prepare a summary of the extract given in Q. 2 (A). Give it a suitable title.
(C) Mind Mapping: (3 Marks)
Develop a mind mapping frame/design to show the benefits of democracy as a system of
government. You can take the help of the points given below to develop each of them into
further branches :
(fundamental rights, independent judiciary, fair elections every five years)

SECTION II: POETRY

[Comprehension and Appreciation]

Q. 3. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10 Marks)

My father travels on the late evening train

Standing among silent commuters in the yellow light
Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes
His shirt and pants are soggy and his black raincoat
Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books is falling apart.
His eyes dimmed by age
Fade homeward through the humid monsoon night.
Now I can see him getting off the train
Like a word dropped from a long sentence.
He hurries across the length of the grey platform.
Crosses the railway line, enters the lane,
His chappals are sticky with mud, but he hurries onward.

A1. List four difficulties faced by the father in the extract. (2)
A2. The poet deals with the theme of man's estrangement from a man-made world. Analyze it with
the help of the extract. (2)
A3. Your parents work hard for you. What do you do will you do in return? (2)
A4. Pick out and explain an example of 'Simile' from the poem. (2)
A5. Compose 4-6 lines on 'My parents'. (2)
(B) Read the poem 'Money’ and write the appreciation based on the following aspects: (4 Marks)

I knew no joy till I went poor.

When I had money, money, O!
For many a false man as a friend
Came knocking all day at my door.

Then felt I like a child that holds

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 A trumpet that he must not blow
Because a man is dead; I dared
Not speak to let this false world know.
Much have I thought of life, and seen
How poor men's hearts are ever light;
And how their wives do hum like bees
About their work from morn till night.

So, when I hear these poor ones laugh,

And see the rich ones coldly frown
Poor men, think I, need not go up
So much as rich men should come down.

When I had money, money, O!

My many friends proved all untrue;
But now I have no money,
O! My friends are real, though very few.

• About the poem/port and significance of the title

• The form and theme and its significance
• Poetic style, language features poetic devices and
• Inspirational message, vahes, morals reflected in the poem
• Special features
• Your opinion and critical evaluation of the poem

SECTION III: WRITING SKILLS

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below: (16 Marks)
(A) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)
(1) Drafting a Virtual Message:
Read the following conversation:
Your brother's college library phones to inform him of the following: his library books are overdue
- there will be 10 fine per day per book after the due date - library will be closed on Sat-Sun due to
renovations those days fine will not be implemented other days library open from 9-7.
You write down the message so that you don't forget it. Draft the message in about 50 words.
OR
(2) Statement of Purpose:
After having completed your B.A. in English Literature, you wish to do your M.B.A. In Marketing
at MICA. Ahmedabad. You are fluent in German and you have completed an online certificate
course in Marketing. You also have a year's experience in a telecom company after your graduation,
where you are still working. Prepare an SOP for admission to MICA.
OR

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B) Group Discussion:
Read the topic given below and write the dialogues of a group discussion between three people
: Ragging in colleges.' You may use the following points:

• ragging is another word for harassment

• leads to trauma
• helps to form bonds
• limits for ragging

(B) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) E-Mail:
Due to rapid concretization, there is a steady decline in the ground water table (level). Rainwater
harvesting is the only proven technique to recharge ground water and you want to make people
aware of it Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper, to be sent by email, focusing on the urgent
need and various ways of rainwater harvesting and specify how it would be advantageous to all.
Use the correct email format.
OR
(2) Report Writing:
Write a report using the headline Dengue fever claims nine lives with the help of the points given
below:
* place and conditions
* symptoms and precautions
* medicines and hospitals
OR
(3) Interview:
Imagine that you have to interview the Sarpanch of a village. Frame a set of 8-10 questions to
interview him/her with the help of the points given below:
* childhood
* rise to present position
* obstacles faced
* improvements done
"future plans for village

(C) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) Speech :
Draft a speech in about 100-150 words on the topic 'Cruelty to animals and birds' with the help of
the points given below:
* Land of 'ahimsa
* animals and birds too feel pain
* compassion towards lower species
* will get reward ultimately

313
(2) Compering:
Imagine that you are a compere of the "Teacher's Day” function in your college. Write a script for
the same in about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below:
• Introduction-A brief introduction of the programme/function/show

• Welcome speech-welcome to all teachers

• Speech about value of teachers
• Variety entertainment programme
• Vote of thanks
OR
(3) Expansion of an Idea :
Expand the following idea in about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below:
A bird in hand is worth two in the bush
*hold onto something you already have
* unnecessary risks
*be content
* future is uncertain
(D) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)
(1) Review:
Write the review of a film having a social message. You can use the following points :
* Major characters in the film
*Story line
*Message conveyed through the film
* Special features
*Your recommendation
OR
(2) Blog:
Write a blog in a proper format on the topic Follow your passion' in about 100-150 words
with the help of the points given below:
*we have only one short life
* money does not bring happiness
* discover your passion
OR
(3) Appeal:
Prepare an appeal for organ donation in about 100-150 words with the help of the points
given below:
*need for donation
*how to donate
*effects of donation
*contact numbers for more information

314
 SECTION IV: LITERARY GENRE - NOVEL

Q. 5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions: (4 Marks)
(1) Write if the following statements are True or False: (2)
(i) Character describes the behaviour of the characters in the story.
(ii) The main character in the story is referred to as the 'novella".
(iii) The struggle between the opposite forces in the story is called ‘antagonism’.
(iv) Theme is the central idea in the novel which can be expressed in a nutshell.

(2) Choose the correct options from the brackets and fill in the blanks : (2)
(i) The characters in the ......... novel interact with other characters and undergo plausible and
everyday experiences. (Realistic/Utopian)
(ii) A.......... novel narrates the adventures of the protagonist, who is an eccentric or a disreputable
person, in an episodic form. (Picaresque/Realistic)
(iii) The ......... novel is about an imaginary community or society possessing the ideal qualities.
(Utopian/Picaresque)
(iv) In the novel, the novelist narrates the character's thoughts as they enter the mind of the
character. (Stream of Consciousness/Utopian)
(B) Answer the following questions in about 50 words: (4 Marks)
(1) Bring out the contrast in the characters of Miss Phillips and Denham.
(2) ‘When the turn of my class came I sat up anxiously.’ Justify the narrator's anxiety.
(C) Answer the following questions: (4 Marks)
(1) Who said the following lines-Name the speaker and the listener/s: (2)

Dialogue Speaker Listener/s

1 "Why do you not curse me? It ______________ _____________
was my fault that."
2 "If Phileas Fogg had come in the
7: 23 train, he would have got _______________ ______________
here by this time. We can,
therefore, regard the bet as
won."

(2)”Sir-forgive me-a most-unfortunate resemblance-robber arrested three days ago-you-are free!"

Find the reason why Fix says these words in about 50 words. (2)
(D) Answer the following questions: (4 Marks)
(1) Discuss the importance of the following statement in the light of the extract in about 50
words: The trio-Holmes, Dr. Watson and Mary decide to visit Lyceum The (2)
(2) Identify and write down the names of places/cities in India and England connected to the
following: (Choose from the brackets.) (2)
(Agra, Andaman Islands, Bombay, Langham Hotel, Baker Street)

315
(1) Major Sholto and Captain Morstan were stationed here and in charge of the troops; Jonathan
Small was also imprisoned here. ________________
(ii) The residence of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. This was the place which Mary Morstan
came to, to consult Holmes. ______________
(iii) Small was a gatekeeper at a fortress here when he was forced to be an accomplice in the theft of
the Rajah's jewels. ________________
(iv) This is the place Mary's father stays at when he comes to London. He invites Mary here to meet
her, but disappears before her arrival. ___________________

ACTIVITY SHEET : 4
SECTION I: PROSE
[Reading for Comprehension, Language Study, Summary, Mind Mapping]

Q. 1. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

"Stop," said the other. "I don't want all that. Shall I succeed in my present search or
not? Answer this and go. Otherwise I will not let you go till you disgorge all your coins."
The astrologer muttered a few incantations and replied: "All right. I will speak. But will you
give me a rupee if what I say is convincing? Otherwise I will not open my mouth, and you
may do what you like." After a good deal of haggling, the other agreed. The astrologer said:
"You were left for dead. Am I right?"
"Ah, tell me more."
"A knife has passed through you once?" said the astrologer.
"Good fellow!" He bared his chest to show the scar. "What else?" "And then you
were pushed into a well nearby in the field. You were left for dead."
"I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well,"
exclaimed the other, overwhelmed by enthusiasm.
"When shall I get at him?" he asked, clenching his fist.
"In the next world," answered the astrologer. "He died four months ago in a far-off town.
You will never see any more of him." The other groaned on hearing it. The astrologer
proceeded:
"Guru Nayak-"
"You know my name!" the other said, taken aback.
"As I know all other things. Guru Nayak, listen carefully to what I have to say. Your village
is two days journey due north of this town Take the next train and be gone. I see once again
great danger to your life if you go from home." He took out a pinch of sacred ash and held
it to him, "Rub it on your forehead and go home. Never travel southward again, and you
will live to be a hundred."

"Why should I leave home again?" the other said reflectively. “was only going away now
and then to look for him and to choke out his life if I met him." He shook his head
regretfully. "He has escaped my hands. I hope at least he died as he deserved." "Yes," said
the astrologer. "He was crushed under a lorry." The other looked gratified to hear it.

A1. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences: (2)

(1) The astrologer says that if Nayak does not leave his village again, he would

316
(a) return the money.
(b) not face danger.
(c) go back home and stop looking for the man who tried to kill him.
(d) not find the killer.

(ii) Guru Nayak consults the astrologer because he wants to -

(a) understand the past
(b) find out who the astrologer is
(c) make some money through a bet
(d) get the answer to a specific question.

(iii) Guru Nayak is looking for the man who tried to kill him
(a) to take revenge
(b) to get an apology
(c) to demand an explanation
(d) to prove that the man was unsuccessful.

(iv) The astrologer's remarks make Guru Nayak feel all of the following except -
(a) relieved
(b) suspicious
(c)) impressed
(d) disappointed.

A2. Complete the web: (2)

The Astrologer told

1. .......... with a knife

Guru Nayak that:

2. .......... into a well.

3. He had been left .........

The attacker had died

..........

A3. Complete the following: (2)

(i) Guru Nayak was surprised that the astrologer knew his name because ………………..
(ii) Guru Nayak looked gratified because his enemy had met his death ……………………

A4. Suggest some steps to eradicate superstitions and other ill practices from our society.
A5. Language Study: (Do as directed) (2)
(i) Use the word given in the brackets and rewrite the sentence:
The other groaned on hearing it. (heard)
(ii) Never travel southward again, and you will live to be a hundred. (Rewrite using only if")
317
 A6. Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B: (2)

A B
1 Passer-by a overcome
2 peep b made a low sound of distress
3 overwhelmed c a person who happens to be going past something or someone,
especially on foot
4 groaned d to peer into something cautiously

(B) Language Study: ( 4 Marks)

BI. Do as Directed/Transformation of Sentences: (2)
(i) India and Maharashtra can progress only if there is oneness of interest. (Rewrite, beginning with 'India
and Maharashtra cannot ………………..’)
2) I have made this clear.(Rewrite it using the passive voice construction.)
(3) I express my deep sense of gratitude to him for blessing us. (Rewrite the sentence as a complex
sentence using 'because".)
B2. Spot the error/s in the given sentence and rewrite the correct sentence: (1)
The teacher shake his head with angrily.
Q.2 (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Co-education is a system of education where boys and girls study together. In a country as
conservative as India, co-education helps boys and girls break popular misconceptions existing between
both since time immemorial.
Co-education encourages familiarity between boys and girls and they start breaking misconceptions
about each other. Their general outlook changes and they develop a healthy, normal relationship with more
mature personalities. There is no discrimination based on sex. It has often been seen that students who come
from a co-educational background are better communicators than students who study in same sex
institutions. Co-education also helps students in their later life when they become professionals and interact
with the opposite sex. As these boys and girls lose their shyness, they develop a broader outlook and are
devoid of a narrow mentality.
It is essential to have more co-educational institutions to nurture good, normal, healthy citizens who
in turn can help remove social evils like dowry through joint efforts. Co-education can also reduce eve
teasing, ragging, rape and other crimes against women. With more understanding, a mutual respect is
developed and the mind is free of any unsavoury thoughts. Thinking maturity comes at an early age and
goes a long way in developing well-rounded personalities in both.
What needs to be done immediately nationwide is to introduce co education right from primary
school. At this stage itself, parents and teachers should take precautions in ensuring a proper balance
between education and moral values.

A1. Complete the web: (2)

.....

Crimes
against

........ women
mentioned ....
in the
extract

........

318
A2. Enumerate the positive effects of co-education on boys and girls. (2)
A3. Write the measures that are suggested for the effective implementation of co-education. (2)
A4. According to you, what facilities should be given to women at their workplaces? (2)
A5. Language study (Do as directed) : (2)
(i) Co-education encourages familiarity. (Rewrite it beginning with 'Familiarity...')
(ii) Parents and teachers should take precautions in ensuring a proper balance between education and moral
values. (Rewrite it using the infinitive form of the underlined word.)

A6. (i) Give the antonyms of the following: (2)

(a) conservative (b) encourage
(ii) Give the adjective forms of the following:
(a) familiarity (b) crime
(B) Summary Writing : (3 Marks)
Prepare a summary of the extract given in Q. 2. (A). suitable title. You may use the following points:
(co-education …….. defined as advantages ……….. removes social evils ………. develops personalities
……. role of parents and teachers)
(C) Mind Mapping : (3 Marks)
Develop a mind-mapping frame/design to show the exam preparation of your favourite subject.

SECTION II: POETRY

[Comprehension and ppreciation]

Q. 3. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10 Marks)

The boat is lower'd, the boatmen row,

And to the Inchcape Rock they go;
Sir Ralph bent over from the boat,
And he cut the Bell from the Inchcape float.

Down sunk the bell with a gurgling sound.

The bubbles rose and burst around;
Quoth Sir Ralph, 'The next who mes to the Rock
Won't bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok."

Sir Ralph the Rover, sail'd away.

He scour'd the seas for many a day:
And now grown rich with plunder'd store,
He steers his course for Scotland's shore.

So thick a haze o'erspreads the sky,

They cannot see the Sun on high;
The wind hath blown a gale all day.
At evening it hath died away.

A1. (1) Choose the words that could describe Sir Ralph the Rover. (1)
(a) Criminal (b) Jealous (c) Thoughtful (d) Vicious (e) Spiteful
319
(2) Choose the correct option :
On spotting the bell, Rover cut the bell from the buoy. This was an act of:
(a) Hatred (b) Anger (c) Jealousy (d) Frustration
A2. The poet gives hints to the reader in the third stanza of the extract about what will happen later. Find the
significant line from the extract and give reasons for your answer. (2)
A3. Write your opinion about Sir Ralph. (2)
A4. Pick out and explain an example of visual imagery from the extract. (2)
A5. Compose 2-4 lines with Jealousy' as the theme. (2)
(B) Read the poem 'Have you earned your tomorrow?" and write the appreciation based on the
following aspects in 100-150 words: (4 Marks)
Is anybody happier because you passed his way?
Does anyone remember that you spoke to him today?
This day is almost over, and its toiling time is through;
Is there anyone to utter now a kindly word of you?

Did you give a cheerful greeting to the friend who came along?
Or a churlish sort of "Howdy" and then vanish in the throng?
Were you selfish pure and simple as you rushed along the way
Or is someone mighty grateful for a deed you did today?

Can you say tonight, in parting with the days that's shipping fast,
That you helped a single brother of the many that you passed?
Is a single heart rejoicing over what you did or said:
Does a man whose hopes were fading now with courage look ahead?

Did you waste the day, or lose it, was it well or sorely spent?
Did you leave a trail of kindness or a scar of discontent?
As you close your eyes in slumber do you think that God would say,
You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today?

• About the poem/poet and significance of the title

• The form and theme, and its significance
• Poetic style, language features/poetic devices used
• Inspirational message, values, morals reflected in the poem
• Special features
• Your opinion and critical evaluation of the poem

SECTION III: WRITING SKILLS

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below: (16 Marks)
(A) Attempt any ONE of the following:
(1) Drafting a Virtual Message:
Mr Desai, the secretary of your housing complex called on the intercom to speak to your father. Your father
was not at home.

320
Mr Desai told you to convey to your father the following: a meeting Saturday, 11 a.m. in Clubhouse about
Independence Day celebrations in your complex - also about tree pruning-car parking. Draft a message to
convey this in about 50 words.
OR
2) Statement of Purpose:
You love music, and play the violin. You have also passed certain basic exams in music and given a few
performances. You now wish to pursue music at the Trinity College, London. Prepare a Statement
of Purpose for admission. Add your own details.

OR
(3) Group Discussion:
The streets of your city/town get flooded every year during monsoon. Write the dialogues of a
group discussion with 3-4 participants, giving suggestions to solve the problem. You can use the following
points:

• strict banning of thin plastic bags

• stiff penalty for those who litter
• illegal constructions to be pulled down
• replacement of old drainage system

(B) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) E-Mail:
Your class wants to visit a place of historical interest. Write an email in the proper format to 'ABCD
Travels' asking them whether they could organize the trip. Give details about the number of students, the
dates, the budget, etc.
OR
(2) Report Writing:
Write a report of a Science Exhibition that your class participated in. Take the help of the points given
below:
* date, place of exhibition
* examples of some exhibits
* number of students/guests who visited
* other details

OR
(3) Interview:
Imagine that you have to interview one of your teachers. Frame a set of 8-10 questions to interview
him/her. Use the following points:
* childhood
*inspiration
* difficulties
*message to others

321
(C) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)
1) Write a speech in about 100-150 words of Television using the following points:
*leads to addiction
*health deteriorates
*exposure to unreal lifestyles
*temptation through different ads.
OR

(2) Compering:
Imagine that you are a compere of the Science Day' function in your college. Write a script for the
same in about 100-150 words.You can take the help of the following points:
(i) Introduction-A brief introduction of the programme/function/show
(ii) Welcome speech-welcome of all the guests; felicitation of the guest
(iii) Speech by Chief Guest
(iv) Inauguration of Exhibition
(v) Vote of thanks

OR
(3) Expansion of an Idea:
Expand the following idea in about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below :
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
* Chinese proverb
* first step most important
* belief in oneself
* positive attitude

(D) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) Review:
Write the review of a film you have seen based on the following points:
* Names of the main characters
* About the story/theme of the film
* Special features of the film
*Your opinion about the film

(2) Blog:

Write a blog in a proper format on Importance of Body Language' in about 100-150 words
with the help of the points given below:
*facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, etc.
*important part of communication
* exists in animals too
*sometimes conveys more than words
OR

322
 (3) Appeal:
Prepare an appeal for support in tree plantation programme in about 100-150 words with the
help of the points given below:
* importance of trees
* date and venue of programme
* Chief Guest

SECTION IV: LITERARY GENRE - NOVEL

Q. 5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions: (4 Marks)
(1) Pick out the odd element from each group: (2)
(1) Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, Graham Greene, Kiran Nagarkar
(2) Place, Period, Theme, Lifestyle
(3) Theme, Plot, Character, Novella
(4) Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy, R.K. Narayan, Kiran Desai
(2) Match the columns : (2)

A B
1 Joseph Conrad a Moll Flanders
2 Agatha Christie b The Canterbury Tales
3 Daniel Defoe c The Heart of darkness
4 Geoffrey Chaucer d Miss Marple mysteries

(B) Answer the following questions in about 50 words each: (4 Marks)

(1) The incidents in the extract occurred at a particular place. Explain the significance of that place in your
own words. (2)
(2) Interpret the meaning of the statement: Miss Phillips is transformed into a very convincing
personality. (2)

(C) Answer the following questions in about 50 words each: (4 Marks)

(1) Choose the words from the brackets and write a paragraph comparing Fogg's and Passepartout's traits.
Include all the words in your answer. (2)
(unselfish, proud, honourable, loyal, courageous, grateful, repentant, calm)
(2) Narrate any 2 exciting incidents in the extract. (2)

(D) Answer the following questions in about 50 words each: (4 Marks)

(1) Describe the contrast in the initial reactions of Watson and Holmes towards Mary. (2)
(2) Watson wanted to impress and help Miss Morstan. Give two instances that justify this statement. (2)

********************
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 ACTIVITY SHEET : 5
SECTION 1: PROSE
[Reading for Comprehension, Language Study, Summary, Mind Mapping]

Q.1. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

It is not, therefore, with any feeling of unfriendliness to conductors as a class that I pay a tribute to a
particular member of that class. I first became conscious of his existence one day when I jumped on to a bus
and found that I had left home without any money in my pocket. Everyone has had the experience and
knows the feeling, the mixed feeling, which the discovery arouses. You are annoyed because you look like a
fool at the best and like a knave at the worst. You would not be at all surprised if the conductor eyed you
coldly as much as to say, "Yes, I know that stale old trick. Now then, off you get." And even if the
conductor is a good fellow and lets you down easily, you are faced with the necessity of going back, and the
inconvenience, perhaps, of missing your train or your engagement.
Having searched my pockets in vain for stray coppers, and having found I was utterly penniless, I
told the conductor with as honest a face as I could assume that I couldn't pay the fare, and must go back for
money. "Oh you needn't get off: that's all right," said he. "All right," said I, "but I haven't a copper on me."
"Oh, I'll book you through," he replied. "Where d'ye want to go?" and he handled his bundle of tickets with
the air of a man who was prepared to give me a ticket for anywhere from the Bank to Hong Kong. I said it
was very kind of him, and told him where I wanted to go, and as he gave me the ticket I said, "But where
shall I send the fare?" "Oh, you'll see me some day all right," he said cheerfully, he turned to go. And then,
luckily, my fingers, still wandering in the corner of my pockets lighted on a shilling and the account was
squared. But that fact did not lessen the glow of pleasure which so good-natured an action had given me.

A1. Tick mark the correct words: (2)

(i)The author finally found did not find the money for the ticket.
(ii) The author thought he had left home with without any money.
(iii) The conductor gave did not give the author a ticket.
(iv) The author was pleased/displeased with the conductor.

A2. Complete the table: (2)

The Words Who said To whom Why

I haven’t a copper on ………………………… The conductor ……………….
me.”
“ Where shall I send the The narrator …………………. …………………….
fare?”

A3. Describe the reactions of the bus conductor. (2)

A4. Give your opinion about the conductor's behaviour. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(i) I had left home without any money in my pocket. (Pick out the verb and state the tense.)
(ii) I said it was very kind of him. (Identify the clauses.)
A6. Write two words with prefixes and two words with suffixes from the extract. (2)

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(B) Language Study: (4 Marks)
B1. Do as Directed/Transformation of Sentences:
(i) We can accept our life gracefully. (Rewrite it using the modal auxiliary showing compulsion'.)
(ii) Chaitanya offered to buy the tickets for us. (Rewrite it using the 'ing' form of the underlined
words.)
(iii) Why do normal people feel that they are 'full' and others like Chaitanya are half or incomplete?
(Change it into an assertive sentence.)
B2. Spot the error/s in the given sentence and rewrite the correct sentence: (1)
Floods is the most recurrent national calamity hitting the India almost every year.
Q.2. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)
Kalpana Chawla was extremely proud of her birthplace and made every effort to bring it into the
limelight. During space flights she would proudly point it out to her fellow-astronauts. Once, during the
second flight she remembered her closest friend, Daisy Chawla, who died in a road accident. In fact, despite
her celebrity status, she took pains to track down her former teachers, classmates and friends in India and
showed a keen desire to stay in touch with them. Her affectionate and humble nature won the hearts of all
who came in contact with her. Although Kalpana had a strong desire to go to Mars, fly over its canyons and
die in space, she was equally concerned about the well-being of the earth. She always urged young people
to listen to the sounds of nature and take care of our fragile planet. During her space trips, she took many
breathtaking photographs of the earth for various terrestrial studies later on the ground. When she was in
space, she always felt a sense of connection with everyone on the earth.
It was Kalpana's cherished desire to visit India again. But that was not to be. A few months after her
tragic death, Harrison visited India. He went to her school and college, met her family, teachers and friends
and scattered her ashes over the Himalayas.

A1. Name the following: (2)

(i) Kalpana was extremely proud of it :. ……………………..
(ii) The planet Kalpana strongly wished to visit ..........
(iii) Kalpana's ashes were scattered here:
(iv) Kalpana's close friend:.........
A2. Find out : (2)
How was Kalpana connected with India and Indians? (2)
A3. Complete the following: (2)
We know that Kalpana was concerned about the well-being of the earth because.......
A4. What would you like to do for India? (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed:
(i) She took many breathtaking photographs of the earth. (Rewrite using the present perfect
continuous rense.)
(ii) Kalpana was extremely proud of her birthplace and made every effort to bring it into the
limelight. (Rewriting using 'not only... but also'.)

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 A6. (1) Give the antonyms from the extract for: (2)
i) collected (ii) forgot
(2) Give the word from the extract for:
i) recommended strongly ii) awe-inspiring in quality
(B) Summary Writing: (3 Marks)
Prepare a summary of the extract given in Q. 2 (A). Give it a suitable title. You may use the
following points:
(Kalpana's affection towards India and Indians ………… her humble nature ………….. her love for
the earth…………… Harrison's visit to India)
(C) Mind Mapping: (3 Marks)
Complete the mind-mapping frame/design to show the benefits of games and sports'. Fill in
the blanks with words/phrases from the box:
(learns to adjust, confidence, fitness and stamina, killer, giving one's full effort, learns to control ego)

Team spirit and sportsmanship

…………………… Benefit of games and sports Group behaviour

Will to win ………… ………………….

Good Health Mental freshness
and alertness
……………….. …………………
……………. instinct

Perseverance Determination

SECTION II: POETRY

[Comprehension and Appreciation]

Q. 3. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10 Marks)

Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,

Healthy, free, the world before me,
The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
Henceforth I ask not good-fortune,
I myself am good-fortune,
Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,
Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,
Strong and content I travel the open road.
The earth, that is sufficient,
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I do not want the constellations any nearer,
I know they are very well where they are,
I know they suffice for those who belong to them.
(Still here I carry my old delicious burdens,
I carry them, men and
women, I carry them with me wherever I go,
I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them,
I am fill'd with them,
and I will fill them in return.)

A1. Describe the mood of the speaker in the poem, choosing 4 adjectives from the options given: (2)
(1) hopeful (2) sorry (3) serious (4) cheerful (5) regretful (6) upbeat (7) defiant (8) buoyant
A2. Following are the activities of the poet related to his journey on the road. Pick out and write the
activities the poet will practice: (2)
(1) Walking along the road though he does not know where it reaches
(2) Complaining about the discomforts during the journey
(3) Postponing the journey
(4) Praying for good fortune
(5) Carrying fond memories of the good people
(6) Creating contacts with famous and influential people
(7) Striving to achieve high and bright success
(8) Reflecting and developing his own 'self

A3. What do you see when you think about your future? (2)
A4. The road in the poem does not mean only the road to travel. The poet wants to suggest the road of life.
Explain the metaphor with the help of the poem. (2)
A5. Write four to six lines of Free Verse on the topic 'The road that leads to my home.’ (2)
B) Read the poem 'Indian Weavers' and write the appreciation based on the aspects given below: (4)

Weavers, weaving at break of day.

Why do you weave a garment so gay?....
Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild,
We weave the robes of a new-born child.

Weavers, weaving at fall of night,

Why do you weave a garment so bright? ...
Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green,
We weave the marriage-veils of a queen.

Weavers, weaving solemn and still,

What do you weave in the moonlight chill...
White as a feather and white as a cloud.
We weave a dead man's funeral shroud.

• About the poem/poet and significance of the title

• The form and theme, and its significance
• Poetic style, language features/poetic devices used
• Inspirational message, values, morals reflected in the poem
• Special features
• Your opinion and critical evaluation of the poem

327
 SECTION III: WRITING SKILLS

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below :

(A) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)
(1) Drafting a Virtual Message:
You are Priyanka, a personal assistant to Ms Sen. She was away attending a meeting when Mr Garg
rang up. You spoke to him and jotted down his message in your notepad. Draft the message for Ms Sen
using the information in your notes given below:
Ms Garg -rang up-5 pm - has received the CDs and the posters - coming tomorrow - to thank Ms
Sen and to personally hand the cheque.
OR
(2) Statement of Purpose:
You want to take up the course B.Sc. Hospitality and Hotel Administration at the Institution of
Hotel Management, Mumbai. You are very interested in this industry, and keenly follow all the cookery
programmes on TV. You have also served as an apprentice at a leading hotel during your vacation. Prepare
a Statement of Purpose for admission.
OR
(3) Group Discussion:
Read the topic given below for a group discussion between three people and write dialogues based on it:
Ways to prevent migration to cities from villages." You may use the following points:
* cities overpopulated
*problems of migrants
*development of villages
* incentives for villagers

(B) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) E-Mail : Your train ticket to Delhi was cancelled due to a derailment on the tracks. Send an email to the
railways asking for a refund. Write the E-mail in a proper format.
OR
(2) Report Writing:
Write a report in about 100-150 words with the headline ‘Lifeguard saves two lives' with the help of the
points given below:
* name of lifeguard
* name of place
*dangers involved
*safety precautions

OR

328
(3) Interview:
Frame 1 set of 8-10 questions to interview a jawan with the help of the points given below:
* inspiration
* exams/interviews cleared
*difficulties faced
*plus points.
*message to youth

(C) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) Speech :
Write a speech in about 100-150 words on "The importance of books' with the help of the
points given below:
*knowledge and information
* pleasure
* helps to pass time
*improves communication skills
OR
(2) Compering:
Imagine that you are a compere of the Annual Day' function in your college. Write a script in
about 100-150 words for the same. You can take the help of the following points:
* Introduction-A brief introduction of the programme/function/show
* Welcome speech-welcome of all the guests; felicitation of the guests (Principal, Vice-principal,
etc.)
*Speech by Chief Guest
* Principal's Speech
* Prize Distribution
* Vote of thanks
OR
(3) Expansion of an Idea:
Expand the following idea in about 100-150 words with the help of the points given below :
“Empty vessels make the most sound”
* people without knowledge
* try to impress others
* critical, judgemental
* lack self-confidence

(D) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) Review:
Write a review of a film you have recently seen based on any four of the following points:
*Names of the characters (main and supporting roles)
* About the story Theme of the film
329
*Special features/novelties/novel ideas
*Music/Dance Songs/Action/Direction Why did you like/not like the film
*Should others watch this film/Would you recommend it to your friends? Why?
OR
(2) Blog:
Write a blog in a proper format on the topic “Youth should work during vacations” in about
100-150 words with the help of the points given below:
* helps family
* provides experiences
*keeps youth from bad habits
*learn value of money
(3) Appeal :
Prepare an appeal for the victims of floods in about 100-150 words with the help of the points
given below:
* location of floods
*number of people affected
*how reader can help
*contact details

SECTION IV: LITERARY GENRE - NOVEL

Q. 5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions: (4 Marks)
(1) Choose the correct options from the brackets and fill in the blanks: (2)
(i) The......... novel is a fictional biography or autobiography which is concerned with the growth of
the protagonist's mind, spirit and character from childhood to adulthood. (Bildungsroman/ Gothic)
(ii) The novel includes terror, mystery, horror, thriller, supernatural, doom, death or decay or
haunted buildings. (Dystopian/Gothic)
(iii) The novel is a novel set in a period earlier than that of the writing. (Utopian/Historical)
(iv) The novel is that in which the writer presents the narrative through a series of correspondence.
(Epistolary/ Psychological)
(2) Rewrite the names of the following books in chronological order: (2)
(i) The Pilgrim's Progress
(ii) Oroonoku
(iii) Don Quixote (iv) Tale of Genji
(B) Answer the following questions: (4)
(1) Discuss the theme of the extract ‘To Sir, with Love’ in about 50 words. (2)

330
(2) Identify the correct option and write it down: (2)
(i) The event that took place in the extract.
(a) Annual Sports Day on November 15th
(b) Annual Social and Cultural Gathering on November 15th
(c) Half-yearly report of Students' Council on November 15th
(d) Farewell Programme on November 15th
(ii) The teacher who did not reply to any question was:
(a) Miss Phillips (b) Miss Dodd (c) Mrs. Dale-Evans (d) Mr. Weston
(iii) The skeleton that Fernman presented was:
(a) French (b) German (c) Chinese (d) Not Known
(iv) The teachers who were to answerthe students’ questions were chosen:
(a) By Mr. Florian (b) by the narrator (c) by two children d) by withdrawing slips with names
(C) Answer the following questions in about 50 words: (4 Marks)
(1) Describe the importance of the 'Reform Club' in the development of the plot and behaviour of
the characters. (2)
(2) Illustrate with examples the 'Time' theme of the extract. (2)
(D) Answer the following questions in about 50 words: (4 Marks)
(1) Sherlock Holmes is the leading character in the extract. Explain. (2)
(2) Interpret the following line in the light of the novel/extract, "The Sign of Four";
"Our quest does not appear to take us to very fashionable regions." (2)

***************

331
 ACTIVITY SHEET - 6
SECTION 1: PROSE
[Reading for Comprehension, Language Study, Summary, Mind Mapping]

Q. 1. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

Banking, Finance and Trading: With the Big Data analytics, the investment patterns of the people
can be studied. New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come with suitable plans.
Big Data has enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions.
Banking and finance sector is using Big Data to predict and prevent cyber crimes, card fraud
detection, archival of audit trails, etc. By analyzing the past data of their customers and the data on previous
brute force attacks banks can predict future attempts. Big Data not only helps in predicting cyber crimes, but
it also helps in handling issues related to mised-transactions and failures in net banking. It can even predict
possible spikes on servers so that banks can manage transactions accordingly.
The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) is using Big Data to monitor financial markets for
possible illegal trades and suspicious activities. The SEC is using network analytics and natural language
processors to identify possible frauds in the financial markets.
High-Frequency Trading (HFT) is an area where Big Data finds a lot of use today. Here, Big Data
algorithms are used to make trading decisions. Today, the majority of equity trading now takes place via
data algorithms that increasingly take into account signals from social media networks and news websites to
make, buy and sell decisions in split seconds.

A1. Write whether you Agree or Disagree with the following statements: (2)
(i) Today, the majority of equity trading takes place via data algorithms.
(ii) Big Data analytics cannot help in studying the investment patterns of people.
(iii) Big Data is useful in High Frequency Trading.
(iv) Big Data cannot predict possible spikes on servers.

A2. Complete the following: (2)

(i) Big Data helps to predict and prevent ....................
(ii) Banks can predict future attempts of frauds by ……………………..
(iii) SEC is using Big Data to...............
(iv) Big Data algorithms are used to .....................
A3. Explain how we can understand the economy of the country by the data on Banking and Finance. (2)
A4. Explain the precautions that you will take on being asked for personal details on social media. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(i) New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come up with suitable plans. (Rewrite
using a modal auxiliary indicating possibility.)
(ii) Big Data has enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions. (Rewrite as an
interrogative question.)
A6. Find one adjective each from the extract having the following suffixes: (2)
(-able, -ible, -ial, -ious,)

332
(B) Language Study: (4 Marks)
B1. Do as Directed/Transformation of Sentences:
(i) Mrs Shah is……….. honorary member on ………… main committee of this club. (Fill in the blanks
with appropriate articles.) (1)
(ii) You must not play …………. the sun, dear; come ......... the house. (Rewrite it using the proper
prepositions.) (1)
(iii) "Have you anything to say on behalf of the victim?" said the judge to the lawyer. (Change it into
indirect speech.) (1)
B2. Spot the error/s in the given sentence and rewrite the correct the sentence: (1)
The paddy is ripe enough so that we can harvest it.
Q. 2. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12 Marks)

A1. Complete the following sentences: (2)

(i) The two organizations that conducted the research to develop a smartphone based optical bio-sensor
are........... and ………………. .

(ii) The......... and ......... methods were used in the research instead of the differential method.

A2. Complete the following sentence choosing the correct alternatives from those given below: (2)

Urea is a major product of nitrogen metabolism in humans. It is eliminated from the body mainly by the
kidneys through urine Urea levels in body fluids, such as blood and saliva, rise drastically under certain
kidney dysfunctions. Heart failure, hypovolemic shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, and severe infections can
also lead to a rise. Thus urea in blood and saliva provides key information on renal function and helps
diagnose various disorders.
Most methods for estimating urea in body fluids are based on colorimetry. These methods are time
consuming and involve painful blood extraction. Collecting saliva is non-evasive and research has
correlated salivary and blood urea levels.
Recently scientists from the IIT-D and the AIIMS, New Delhi successfully developed a smartphone based
optical biosensor to detect urea in saliva. To fabricate the sensor, they directly immobilised the urease
enzyme with a pH indicator on a filter paper based strip. As response to the urea on saliva the paper strip
changes colour. The red, green and blue levels help measure urea concentration.
The scientists used the slope method, sensor response change per unit time, instead of the differential
method, the difference in sensor response between two time intervals, to increase sensitivity and eliminate
interference by variations in ambient light.
The team clinically validated spiked saliva samples and samples from healthy volunteers. The smartphone
application with paper strip can even be operated by non-professionals with limited training. This saves
time and cost spent on bulky spectroscopic procedures. The report can revolutionise medical screening of
large populations. And such mass screening of diseases would boost national health.

A2.Two objectives to conduct the research are: (2)

(i) Colorimetry method used to estimate urea in body fluids consumes more time.
(ii) Information obtained from the presence of urea in blood and saliva is not helpful to diagnose various
diseases.
(iii) Collecting samples of saliva is a non-invasive procedure.
(iv) Blood extraction is the easiest and less painful exercise.

A3. Write two benefits of the smartphone-based optical biosensor. (2)

333
 A4. 'Research revolutionises the lifestyle of people in all spheres of life' - Do you agree? Explain with an
example. (2)
A5. Language Study (Do as directed): (2)
(i) These methods are time consuming and painful. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘as well as'.)
(ii) The smartphone application with paper-strip can be operated. (Begin the sentence with 'They'.)
A6. Find out similar-meaning words from the extract for the following words: (2)
(i) specimen (ii) extremely (iii) focus (iv) remove
(B) Summary Writing: (3 Marks)
Prepare a summary of the extract given in Q. 2 (A). Give it a suitable title. You may use the following
points:
(research by the organisations --------- methods adopted --------- reasons for the research-advantages)
(C) Mind Mapping: (3 Marks)
Complete the mind map for an investment plan of savings, based on the given data:

There are various methods to invest hard-earned money. Most people feel that a home is of the
utmost importance and invest in real estate. However, this involves putting in a large amount of money, and
youngsters can afford to invest only in smaller cities or in the outer suburbs of large cities. Bank deposits
prove to be a safe idea, needing neither much investment nor research. However, in this case the returns are
sometimes low. The plus point is that they can provide ready cash at any point in time. Though many may
not agree with this, gold is often called a 'dead' investment, as very often it is the last item sold to get cash in
times of need, besides having a lot of emotional issues attached to it.
Many dabble in the stock market, but unless one has done a lot of analysis and research, this might
prove to be risky. It is also not easy to buy and sell instantly, and the investment may be locked for some
time, Most people who do not have time or inclination to think or analyse the economy find mutual funds a
safe bet. It is also good for newcomers who are just stepping into the field of investment.

Time needed for Investment

……………… ……………. analysis locked
OR

Large amount of money ………………….

Real estate Stock Market Mutual Funds

………………..
Investment Plan

No analysis needed
Bank deposits Gold
SECTION II: POETRY
Comprehension and Appreciation Good for newcomers

……………
334
……………. ………………..
Q. 3. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10 Marks)

Is anybody happier because you passed his way?

Does anyone remember that you spoke to him today?
This day is almost over, and its toiling time is through:
Is there anyone to utter now a kindly word of you?

Did you give a cheerful greeting to the friend who came along?
Or a churlish sort of "Howdy" and then vanish in the throng?
Were you selfish pure and simple as you rushed along the way,
Or is someone mighty grateful for a deed you did today?

Can you say tonight, in parting with the days that's slipping fast,
That you helped a single brother of the many that you passed?
Is a single heart rejoicing over what you did or said;
Does a man whose hopes were fading now with courage look ahead?

Did you waste the day, or lose it, was it well or sorely spent?
Did you leave a trail of kindness or a scar of discontent?
As you close your eyes in slumber do you think that God would say.
You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today?

A1. Find out 2 expressions/phrases from the first stanza and 2 expressions/ phrases from the second
stanza which denote 'going away". (2)
A2. Elaborate the idea expressed in the following lines. ‘As you close your eyes in slumber do you
think that God would say, You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today?’ (2)
A3. Describe at least two good deeds done by you in the recent past. (2)
A4. Write down and explain two examples of Alliteration from the poem. (2)
A5. Compose 2-4 lines of your own on 'Good deeds'. (2)

(B) Read the given extract of the poem 'The Inchcape Rock' and write the appreciation based on
the Points given below: (3)

On the deck the Rover takes his stand,

So dark it is they see no land.
Quoth Sir Ralph, 'It will be lighter soon,
For there is the dawn of the rising Moon."

‘Canst hear', said one, the breakers roar?

For methinks we should be near the shore'.
‘Now where we are I cannot tell
But I wish I could hear the Inchcape Bell'.

They hear no sound, the swell is strong;

Though the wind hath fallen they drift along,
Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock,
'O Christ! it is the Inchcape Rock!!

Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair;

He curst himself in his despair,
The waves rush in every side.
335
 The ship is sinking beneath the

But even in his dying fear

One dreadful sound could the Rover hear.
A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell.
The Devil below was ringing his knell.

• About the poem/poet and significance of the title

• The form and theme, and its significance
• Poetic style, language features/poetic devices used
• Inspirational message, values, morals reflected in the poem
• Special features
• Your opinion and critical evaluation of the poem

SECTION III: WRITING SKILLS

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below: (16 Marks)
(A) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)
(1) Drafting a Virtual Message:
Read the following conversation between Priya and her aunt:
Aunt : Hi, Priya! Is Mummy at home?

Priya: No, aunty. She has gone to the market.

Aunt: Oh, no!

Priya: Is it something urgent?

Aunt: Yes, it is. Tell her that there is a tree plantation programme tomorrow at the Asha Old-age
Home. She had promised to bring some saplings from your garden. She knows which ones. The
programme is at 10 a.m. Tell her to bring a tulsi plant also, as the present one has dried up. And oh
yes, and some manure too. I will pick her up at 9:45. I have to go for a meeting now, and she will
not be able to contact me.
Priya : I'll tell her, aunty. Goodnight.

Priya has to go to her cousin's house, and will not meet her mother till late at night. So she
leaves a message for her mother. Draft the message in about 50 words.

OR
(2) Statement of Purpose:
You wish to take up an undergraduate computer engineering programme at Stanford University,
California. You have fared very well in your Std. X Board exams, and have also participated in
various extra-curricular activities like mountain climbing, assisting at an NGO, football, etc.
Prepare a Statement of Purpose for admission.
OR

336
(3) Group Discussion:
Read the topic given below for a group discussion between three people and write the
dialogues:
'Strict guidelines and dos and don't's should be set down for the media’. You may use the
following points:
* media today is irresponsible
* media spreads rumours and false information
* guidelines for media will stifle free speech

(B) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) E-Mail:
Read the following advertisement and prepare a letter of application in a proper format to be
sent by e-mail. Use the name and details given below:
Name of applicant: Aditya/Aditi Mohan
Age : 22 years
Education: B.Com, with a First Class
Languages known: English, Hindi, Marathi, Tamil

Situation vacant
Wanted: Salesboy/salesgirl

Candidate must be a graduate

Must possess a pleasing personality
Write/email giving details to :
The Manager,
Jyoti Shoe Mart,
Rohini Nagar, Beed, 431 123. Email: jyotishoemart@xyz.com

(2) Report Writing: Write a report with the headline ‘Women's Organization starts Tree
Plantation Programme'. Take the help of the points given below:
*time, venue, date of programme
*the organizing body
*number of trees planted
*Chief Guest
OR
(3) Interview:
Imagine that you have to interview the Principal of a college which is known for its innovative
activities. Frame a set of 8-10 questions to interview him/her with the help of the points given
below:
*types of innovations
*inspiration/ideas for the innovations
* supporters who helped

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(C) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4 Marks)
(1) Speech :
Write a speech in about 100-150 words on 'Father's Day' with the help of the points given
below :
*Importance of father
* role of father in child's life
* gratitude and feelings towards father

OR
(2) Compering:
Imagine that you are a compere of the Vanamahotsav' function in your college. Write a script
for the same in about 100-150 words. You can take the help of the following points:

* Introduction-A brief introduction of the programme/function/show

* Welcome speech
* Speech by Chief Guest
* Planting of trees
* Vote of thanks

(3) Expansion of an Idea: Expand the following idea in about 100-150 words with the help of
the points given below:
All that glitters is not gold.
* false impressions
*need to look below the surface
*appearance is not everything

(D) Attempt any ONE of the following: (4)

(1) Review: Write a review of a film you have recently seen based on any four of the following
points:
*Names of the characters (main and supporting roles)
*About the story/Theme of the film
*Special features/novelties/novel ideas
* Music/Dance/Songs/Action/Direction
* Why did you like/not like the film
* Should others watch this film/would you recommend it to your friends? Why?
OR
(2) Blog:
Write a blog in a proper format on 'Be fit and healthy' in about 100-150 words with the help
of the points given below :
* health is wealth healthy body, healthy mind
* healthy body, healthy mind
* ways to be healthy
* exercise, food, diet
OR

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(3) Appeal
Prepare an appeal for raising funds for schools for street children in about 100-150 words,
with the help of the points given below:
*importance of literacy
*sympathy for street children
* what to donate
* how to donate

SECTION IV: LITERARY GENRE – NOVEL

Q. 5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions: (4 Marks)
(1) Complete the following statements: (2)
(i) The two types of conflicts that the plot may have are...........
(ii) The word 'picaresque' is originated from.........
(iii) The epistolary novel presents the narrative through ……………..
(iv) In the eighteenth century, the middle class could get the time for reading and discussing the
novels because...........

(2) Choose the correct writer from the brackets for the following: (2)
(i) The Pilgrim's Progress (Daniel Defoe, Thomas Hardy, Henry fielding, John Bunyan)
(ii) Jane Eyre (Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Virginia Woolf Mary Shelley)
(iii) Robinson Crusoe (Jonathan Swift, Charles Dickens, Daniel Defoe, George Eliot)
(iv) Frankenstein (Jane Austen, Mary Shelley, Agatha Christie, Toni Morrison)

(B) Answer the following questions in about 50 words each: (4 Marks)

(1) Compare the characters of Miss Joseph and Denham.
(2) Fernman brought a comic relief in the Students' Council programme.

(C) Answer the following questions in about 50 words each: (4 Marks)

(1) Bring out in brief the contrast in Fix's attitude when he arrested Fogg and when he found out
that he had made a mistake. (2)
(2) Phileas Fogg is as cool as a cucumber whereas Passepartout is as crazy as a loon'. Justify the
statement by citing some references. (2)
(D) Answer the following questions: (4 Marks)
(1) Following are some dialogues of the major characters in the extract. (2)

Dialogue Speaker Listener

1 "You will, I am sure, excuse me." ………………… …………………
2 “Your statement is most interesting. Has
anything else occurred to you?” ………………….. ……………………….

(2) Find the reasons for the following and complete the sentences: (2)
(i) Miss Morstan gives the reference of Mrs. Cecil Forrester because ………………………….
(ii) It's a singular case because ........

**********************

339
 ACTIVITY SHEET – 7 ( March 2022)
SECTION 1: PROSE
[Reading for Comprehension, Language Study, Summary, Mind Mapping]

Q. 1. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12) [16]

At a corner of Sixth Avenue electric lights and cunningly displayed wares behind plateglass made a
shop window attractive. Soapy took a stone and dashed it through the glass. People came running, round the
corner, a policeman in the lead. Soapy stood still with his hands in his pockets, and smiled at the sight of
brass button.
"Where's the man that done that ?" inquired the officer agitatedly
"Don't you think that I might have had something to do with it said Soapy, with a friendly voice, as
one greets good fortune.
The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue Men who smash windows do not remain to
chat with the police. They take to their heels. The policeman saw a man half-way down the block running to
catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit, Soapy, with disgust in his heart, drifted along twice
unsuccessful.

On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions. It catered to large
appetites and modest purses. Its crockery and atmosphere were thick; its soup and napery thin. Into this
place Soapy betook himself without challenge. At a table he sat and consumed beefsteak, flapjacks,
doughnuts and pie. And then he told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total
strangers.
"Now, get busy and call a cop," said Soapy. "And don't keep a gentleman waiting."
"No cop for you," said the waiter, with a voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in the
Manhattan cockt Hey, Con!"
Neatly upon his left car on the callous pavement two waiters pitched Soapy. He arose, joint by joint, as a
carpenter's rule opens, and dusted his clothes. Arrest seemed but an elusive dream. The island seemed
very far away. A policeman who stood before a drugstore two doors away laughed and walked down the
street.

A1. True/False: (2)

Read the following sentences and state whether they are true or false. Correct the false
statements and rewrite them.
(a) Soapy broke the glass of the shop window.
(b) Nobody heard the breaking of the glass window.
(c) The policeman chased Soapy.
(d) Soapy did not run away from the place.

A2. Rearrange: (2)

Rearrange the following statements in order of their occurrence in the extract.
(a) The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.
(b) Soapy took a stone and dashed it through the glass.
(c) "Now, get busy and call a cop," said Soapy.
(d) Soapy, with disgust in his heart, drifted along twice unsuccessful.

A3. Guess: (2)

Read the following sentences and write down what it means.
(a) "Don't you think that I might have had something to do with it?
(b) He told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total strangers.
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 A4. Personal response (2)
Suppose you are a manager of a hotel, a poor boy has taken dinner in the hotel and then he found,
he has not enough money to pay the bill Describe how you will react in the situation
A5 Language study: (2)
(i) On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no grest pretensions.
(ii) Men who amash windows do not remain to chat with the police. (Make the above sentences
simple)
A6 Vocabulary:
Match the following words in column “A” with their meanings in column "B” (2)

Column A Column B
i gibberish a magic
ii enchantment b Meaningless speech
iii arrest c threw
iv pitched d nab

B1. Grammar/Language Study (Non-Textual Grammar) (3)

Do as directed:
(i) We can accept our life gracefully. (Rewrite using modal auxiliary showing compulsion)
(ii) As I entered the post office, the Post Master presented me with a telegram. (Begin the sentence
with "No sooner........)
(ii) The mother looks after her child. (Make it a rhetorical question)
B2. Spot the error in the given sentence and rewrite the correct sentence. (1)
(1) Summers in Delhi are extreme hot.
Q. 2. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12) [18]

"I don't believe in taking the right decisions. I take decisions, I take decisions and then make them
right." One of them make them right. One of the Ratan Tata's inspiring words which made me dream
beyond shadows. I feel fortunate that I discovered him in the early stage of my life and now I am using his
teachings to mould my future the way I want.
Even though Ratan Tata was born in a very posh family of India, he never took money and power
for granted. He graduated from Riverdale country from New York, Ratan Tata began his career in the Tata
Group working on the shop floor of Tata Steel. After working for almost 10 years he was appointed as the
director-in-charge of the National Radio and Electronics Company Limited (NEL.CO) in order to help its
struggling finances. He worked hard building a better consumer electronics division but the economic
recession and union strikes prevented him from achieving success and this success helped Tata to be
appointed as the chairman of the Tata Group of companies. He started with a very basic job in his father's
company and today he owns a billion dollar company.
The tag of greatness does not come without making any sacrifices and this tag on Ratan Tata suits
to its best.
Tata group launched its passenger car Tata Indica in the year 1998 but Tata Indica was a failure in
its first year and the experiment seemed to be failing. Many people started advising Ratan Tata that he
should sell the passenger car business, Ratan Tata also agreed to this and a proposal was given to Ford, they
showed interest too. The three-hour meeting at Ford headquarters in Detroit, chairman of Ford (Bill Ford)
said to Ratan Tata, "Why did you enter in the passenger car business when you were not knowing of it. It
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will be a favour if we buy this busitless from you.
Ratan Tata decided to move back home. While travelling he was very tense as the feeling of being
insulted was on his mind. After earlier failures. Tata Motors did well with its business of passenger cars but
in the same period, Ford did very bad. In 2008 when Ford was on its way of bankruptcy, Tata Ciroup
offered Ford to buy its luxury car brand, Jaguar Land Rover Ford arrived in Mumbai for the meeting. In the
meeting, Bill Ford said to Ratan Tata, you are doing a big favour for us by buying- Jaguar-Land Rover is
now owned by Tata Group and is currently making profits.

A1. Rewrite the following sentences as per their occurrence in the extract: (2)
(a)He was appointed as the Director-in-charge of National Radio and Electronics Company
Limited.
(b) Tata Group launched its passenger car "Tata Indica' in the year 1998.
(c) Bill Ford said to Ratan Tata, "You are doing a big favour for us by buying Jaguar-Land Rover."
(d) He graduated from Riverdale country from New York.

A2. Explain: (2)

The writer says, "I don't believe in taking right decisions, I take decisions and then make them
right."
A3. Give reasons: (2)
Ratan Tata decided to sell His passenger car business.
A4. Personal Response: (2)
Right decision at the right time is imponant success Express your opinion.
A5. Grammar: (2)
Do as directed
(i) He worked hard building a better consumer electronics division. (Rewrite the sentence using
the infinitive form of the underlined Word)

(ii) Tata Group launched the passenger car Rata Indica. (Rewrite it beginning with ‘The
passenger car Tata Indica………’)

A6 Vocabulary: (2)
Give antonyms.
(i) Profit (ii) Prevent
(B) Summary Writing: (3)
Write a summary of the above extract with a suitable title with the help of the given
points/hints.
Ratan Tata's early caree --------- -early setback in passenger car business ------------ his meeting with
Bill Ford ------------ his success in passenger car business -----------------purchase of Ford's Land
Rover and Jaguar.
(C) Mind Mapping (3)
Develop a Mind-Mapping using your ideas and concepts to develop the topic "Proper Time
Management
(1) Using the title connect your thoughts
342
(ii) Use your own design for branching and general structure
(iii) Try making 2-3 main and 2-3 subbranches

SECTION-II: POETRY
(Poetry and Appreciation)

Q. 3. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10) [14]

A foot and light-hearted I take to the open road,

Healthy, free, the world before me,
The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.
Henceforth I ask not good fortune.
I myself am good fortune.
Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing.
Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,
Strong and content I travel the open road.
The earth, that is sufficient,
I do not want the constellations any nearer,
I know they are very well where they are
I know they suffice for those who belong to them.
Still here I carry my old delicious burdens
I carry them, men and women. I carry them with me wherever I go.
I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them in return.

A1. Complete the web diagram about the qualities needed on the journey of life: (2)

-------

Qualities
needed on
------ the journey -------
of life

------

A2. Analyse the line- I asked not good fortune, I myself am good fortune. (2)
A3. Personal response
Explain the importance of long path/road in man's life. (2)
A4. Poetic Device
Identity and explain the figure of speech in the following line.
Still here I carry old delicious burdens. (2)

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 A5. Poetic creativity
Complete the given lines using your imagination. (2)
There is no way leading back
I move forward -----------
(B) Appreciation: (4)
Read the given extract and write an appreciation of the using the following points.

Is anybody happier because you passed his way?

Does anyone remember that you spoke to him today?
This day is almost over, and its toiling time is through:
Is there anyone to utter now a kindly word of you?
Did you give a clicerful greeting to the friend who came along
Or a churlish sort of "Howdy" and then vanish in the throng?
Were you selfish pure and simple as you rushed along the way.
Or is someone mighty grateful for a deed you did today?
Can you say tonight, in imparting with the days that's slipping fast.
That you helped a single brother of the many that you passed?
Is a single heart rejoicing over what you did or said;
Does a man whose hopes were fading now look ahead"

Points:
(i) Title of the poem, name of the poet.
(ii)Theme
(iii) Poetic devices, language
(iv) Values
(v) Your opinion about the poem.

SECTION III : (Writing Skills)

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below: (4) [16]
You are Gopal, a receptionist in the office of a company manufacturing garments. A sales manager
Mr. Deshmukh Visited and handed over the sales report to be submitted to the general manager who
was busy attending a meeting.
Mr. Deshmukh : Hellow! I am here to submit the available sales report to the. General
Manager.
Gopal : I am sorry but the General Manager is in the meeting. Can you leave a
message for him along with the reports?
Mr. Deshmukh : Sorry, I have to leave immediately to collect the other reports. Please
inform the General Manager, that I had to leave immediately and I will
see him in the evening at 5:30 P.M. with other reports. Thank you.

As a receptionist draft a virtual message for the General Manager

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 OR
(2) Statement of Purpose:
You are so much interested in fashion designing You have also participated in the various
competitions and have shown your talent. Your friend is assisting you to make the career in fashion
designing.
Draft a statement of purpose that will help you to get admission for the course in fashion designing
at M Rajeshwar College Arts, Hubli, Karnataka
OR
(3) Group Discussion:
You along with your friends Sujit, Rohit and Kishor are discussing their likes and dislikes. But all
are fascinated with the reading habit. Write a short group discussion in the form of dialogue telling
the importance of reading for enhancing knowledge.

(B) Attempt 'Any One of the following activities: (4)

E-mail writing:
(1) Imagine that you are a shopkeeper of gift articles. A customer had given order for purchasing
articles but you have some difficulties for giving delivery in time due to shortage. Write an email to
him/her apologizing for the delay.
OR
Report Writing
(2) You are a representative of the N.S.S. unit of your college. Write a brief report of the camp in
which various social activities including cleanliness have been conducted by all the participants.
OR
Interview Questions:
(3) Imagine that you have met with the topper in M.P.S.C. Examination. You wish to interview of
him/her to know his/her journey of success. Prepare a set of 8 to 10 questions to be asked.

(C) Attempt 'Any One of the following activities: (4)

Speech Writing:
(1) You wish to take part in the elocution competition which is organised by your college
cultural committee. Prepare a speech on the topic "Mask for safety".
OR
(2) Compering
On the occasion of the inaugural function of Sports Day you have been the responsibility to
compere Drafta script of the same. Use the following points.

• Brief introduction
• Lighting the lamp Inauguration
• Welcome the guests

345
 • Chief guest's address
• Vote of thanks
OR
Expansion of Idea:
(3) Expand the following idea by using the points –
Time and tide wait for none"

• Meaning of the proverb

• Importance of time
• Proper time management
• Add your own points

(D) Attempt Any One of the following activities: (4)

Film Review
(1) Write a review of a film which you liked most with the help of following points.

• Story Theme
• Producer / Director
• Special features of direction
• Characters : Conflict
• Music /Dance/ Songs/ Photography etc.
• Your opinion
Blog writing:
(2) Write a blog in appropriate format on "Necessity of Social awarness" regarding
cleanliness/Hygiene in about 100 to 150 words
OR
Appeal:
(3) Prepare an appeal to inculcate the habit:

• Slogans
• Use persuasive appeal
• Its necessity for development

SECTION IV: (LITERARY GENRE-NOVEL)

Q. 5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions: (4) [16]
(i) Match the following items from column-A with those from the column-B : (2)

A B
a Murasaki Sikibu i The Pilgrim's Progress
b Jonathan Swift ii Gulliver's Travels
c John Bunyan iii Raja Mohan's Wife
d Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay iv Tale of Gengi

346
(ii) Pick the odd word out: (2)
(a)Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth, Henry Fieding, Anita Desai
(b) plot, novella, setting, theme
(c) place, time, climate, epistolary
(d) horror, mystery, picaresque, thriller
(B) Answer in about 50 words the questions given below: (4)
(i) Describe how Ricky Braithwaite manage to bring about a change in the behaviour of his
students.
(ii) How does Mr. Braithwaite manage to increase the cultural exposure of the class?
(C) Answer the following: (4)
(i) Describe how Fix, the detective creates proble Mr. Fogg arresting him for bank robbery and how
Mr. Fogg tries to solve the problem. (2)
(ii) In what way was Mr. Fogg's final winning the wager connected with Aouda? (2)
(D) Answer the questions given below: (4)
(i) Describe how Sherlock Holmes discovered the connection between Miss Morstan receiving
precious pearls with Major Sholto. (2)
(ii) How does the mystery of Bartholomew's murder lead Holmes to track down small? (2)

****************

347
 ACTIVITY SHEET – 8 (OCT 2021)
SECTION 1: PROSE
[Reading for Comprehension, Language Study, Summary, Mind Mapping]

Q. 1. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12) [16]

"Stop," said the other. "I don't want all that. Shall I succeed in my present search or not? Answer this
and go. Otherwise I will not let you go till you disgorge all your coins.
The astrologer muttered a few incantations and replied: "All right, I will speak, but will you
give me a nice if wrat say is convincing Otherwise I will not open his month, and you may do
what you like.
After a good deal of haggling, the other agreed. The astrologer said "You were left for dead. Am I
right?” "Ah, tell me more. "A knife has passed through you once said the astrologer
"Good fellow!" He bared his chest to show the scar. "What else?"
"And then you were pushed into a well nearby in the field. You were left for dead”
"I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well." exclaimed the
other, overwhelmed by enthusiasm. "When shall I get at him?" He asked, clenching his fist. "In the
next world," answered the astrologer. "He died four months ago in a far-off town. You will never see
any more of him." The other groaned on hearing it. The astrologer proceeded: "Guru Nayak "You
know my name!" the other said, taken aback.
"As I know all other things. Guru Nayak, listen carefully to what I have to say. Your village is two
days journey due north of this town. Take the next train and be gone. I see once again great danger to
your life if you go from home.
He took out a pinch of sacred ash and held it to him r ub it on your forehead and go home. Never
travel southward again, and you will live to be a hundred."Why should I leave home again?" The
other said reflectively. "I was only going away now and then to look for him and to choke out his life
if I met him." He shook his head regretfully. "He has escaped my hands. I hope at least he died as he
deserved."
"Yes," said the astrologer. "He was crushed under a lorry." The other looked gratified to hear it.

Al. Rewrite the following sentences and state whether they are True or False: (2)
(a) The name of the astrologer was Guru Nayak.
(b) A passer-by had saved the other man.
(c) The astrologer took out a pinch of salt and held it to the other man.
(d) A knife had passed through the other man long ago.
A2. The other man looked gratified, because............. (Choose Two correct alter-natives from
the following): (2)
(a) His enemy was going to meet him in his own village.
(b) The astrologer told him that his enemy was crushed under a lorry.
(c) His enemy died as he deserved.

(d) His enemy was very happy and contented.

A3. The astrologer suggested the other man never to travel southward again. Guess and write the
purpose behind the astrologer’s suggestion. (2)

A4. Give/express your views on the effect of superstitions. (2)

348
A5. Language study: (2)
He shook his head regretfully. (Choose the correct alternative to get the Present Perfect Tense
form of the given sentence.)
(a) He shakes his head regretfully.
(b) He has shaken his head regretfully.
(c) He had shaken his head regretfully.
(d) He will shake his head regretfully.
(i) I will not open my mouth. (Choose the correct alternative to get affirmative form without
changing the meaning of the sentence.)
(a) I will not close my mouth
(b) I will open my mouth.
(c) I will shut my mouth.
A6. Find and write the words which have similar meaning for the following from the extract:
(a) bargaining (b) surrender under pressure (c) made a low sound of distress (d) to look cautiously
(B) Language Study (Non-Textual Grammar) (4)
Do as directed:
(1) Use the correct articles and rewrite the sentence:
COVID-19 is one of …………… most hazardous diseases witnessed by …………. world.
2) As soon as the captain gave an order, the soldiers fired. (Choose the correct alternative to
get 'No sooner.....’ form of the given sentence.)
(a) No sooner the captain gave an order than the soldiers fired.
(b) No sooner did the captain give an order than the soldiers fired.
(c) No sooner does the captain give an order than the soldiers fired
(d) No sooner has the captain given an order than the soldiers fired.
3) The teacher said, “The earth revolves around the sun” (Choose the correct alternative to
get indirect narration of the given sentence.)
(a) The teacher said that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
(b) The teacher said that the Earth is revolving around the Sun.
(c) The teacher said that the Earth had revolved around the Sun.
(d) The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
(iv) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence. (1)
I know a man which is very tall.

349
 Q.2 A. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12) [18]

A child spends a major portion of his life in taking formal education. School and related factors
(e.g, teachers, peer group, etc.) play a major role in the child's school adjustments. Through his
interaction with people in school, he learns how to behave with peers and adults other than family
members. He acquires values, goals, aspirations and socially approved ways of behaviour. He gets a
good exposure to a new set of adult models. His formal education in school shapes him into a
mature, responsible and competent member of society.

A child's experiences in school give him lessons in team spirit, cooperation, healthy competition,
goal setting and goal attainment. A child's school adjustments depend largely upon teachers' values,
principles and attitudes. Family background of peers, their habits also are important. Extra
curricular activities in school, a child's participation in them, the reinforcement and punishment he
gets, influence his school adjustments.

During early school years, children's adjustment problems are related to being regular and punctual,
doing homework and following discipline. Later on, children are concerned about maintaining
social relations. During adolescence, the issue is how to develop and maintain relationship with
opposite sex members. Adolescents are also anxious about obtaining good grades in examinations
and choosing an appropriate career. School adjustments have far-reaching effects on children's
success in life.

Peer groups range from neighbourhood play gangs and informal play, groups to organized groups
such as study circles. A peer group has its own group structure and expectations from its members.
Non-fulfillment of these expectations causes the members to face rejection from the peers.

Children are under the influence of peers. A child's attitude, habits and behaviour are largely
influenced by his interactions with peers.

Al. Complete the following sentences with the help of the extract: (2)
(a) The formal education that a child gets in school moulds him into ____________
(b) School adjustments have long-lasting effects on _______________
(c) A child's interactions with peers have a great influence on his ____________
(d) A child's school adjustments have to rely largely on _________________
A2. Develop the flow chart given below: (2)

Children's Adjustment Problems:

Early school years.................

Later school years ...................

During adolscents: ......................

Peer group expectations .............

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 A3. Find the facts from the extract and complete the table: (2)

A B
From the interaction with people in school, a a) Learns __________________________
child learns and acquires
b) __________________________________

School experiences teach him ________________________________________

A4. Express your views regarding school education connection with character building: (2)
A5. Language Study: (2)
(1) A child spends a major portion of his life in taking formal education: (1)
(Choose the correct alternative that indicates modal auxiliary showing obligation.")
(a) A child should spend a major portion of his life in taking formal education.
(b) A child must spend a major portion of his life in taking formal education.
(e) A child will spend a major portion of his life in taking formal education.
(d) A child can spend a major portion of his life in taking formal education.
(ii) A peer group has its own group structure and expectations from its members: (Choose the
correct alternative to get not only but also form of the above sentence): (1)
(a) A peer group has not only its own group structure but also expectations from its members.
(b) A peer group not only has its own group structure but also expectations from its members.
(c) Not only a peer group has its own group structure but also expectations from its members.
(d) A peer group has its own group sructure not only but also expectations from its members
A6. Match the words in column ‘A’ with their antonyms in column 'B': (2)

A B
1 early a acceptance
2 rejection b failure
3 success c carefree
4 anxious d recitation
e late

(B) Summary Writing: (3)

Write a summary of the above extract with a suitable title. Take help of the given points/hints.
[Child's interaction with people in school ………….. his experiences in school …………….
adjustment problems ……………..peer group influence]
(C) Mind Mapping:
Develop a 'Mind Mapping' frame/design using your ideas/ thoughts concepts to illustrate
on the topic: "Best Sources of Entertainment” (3)

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 SECTION-II: POETRY (Poetry and Appreciation)

Q. 3. (A) Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (10) [14]

He felt the cheering power of spring,

It made him whistle, it made him sing
His heart was mirthful to excess
But the Rover's mirth was wickedness.

His eye was on the Inchcape float;

Quoth he, "My men, put out the boat,
And row me to the Inchcape Rock,
And I'll plague the Abbot of Aberbrothok.

The boat is lower'd, the boatmen row.

And to the Inchcape Rock they go;
Sir Ralph bent over from the boat,
And he cut the Bell from the Inchcape float.

Down sunk the Bell with a gurgling sound.

The bubbles rose and burst around;
Quoth Sir Ralph, ‘The next who comes to the Rock
Won't bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.’

Al. Rewrite the following sentences as per their occurrence in the extract: (2)
(1) Sir Ralph cut the Inchcape Bell.
(2) Sir Ralph asked his men to row him to the Inchcape Rock.
(3) The Inchcape Bell sank down.
(4) Sir Ralph kept his eye on the Inchcape float.
A2. “But the Rover's mirth was wickedness": Explain the line in your own words. (2)
A3. “Those men who do wrong things, meet with due punishment.” Express your point of view
on the above statement. (2)
A4. Pick out and write the rhyming words from the first stanza and also write its rhyme scheme. (2)
A5. Compose four poetic lines of your own on ‘A memorable evening on a beautiful beach.’ (2)
(B) Appreciation:
Write a poetic appreciation of the poem given below: (4)

When I had money, money, O!

I knew no joy till I went poor;
For many a false man as a friend
Came knocking all day at my door.

Then felt I like a child that holds

A trumpet that he must not blow
Because a man is dead:
I dared Not speak to let this false world know.
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 Much have I thought of life,
and seen How poor men's hearts are ever light;
And how their wives do hum like bees
About their work, from morn till night.

So, when I hear these poor ones laugh,

And see the rich ones coldly frown
Poor men, think I, need not go up
So much as rich men should come down.

When I had money, money, O!

My many friends proved all untrue;
But now I have no money,
O! My friends are real, though very few!

SECTION – III : (WRITING SKILLS)

Q. 4. Complete the activities as per the instructions given below:

(A) Attempt Any One from the given activities: (4)
(1) Drafting a virtual message:
Imagine, you are Rahul/Jyoti studying in 12th standard. You are going to attend an International
Awareness Programme in New Delhi the next week.
Draft a message in about 100/150 words to convey the same to your classmate. Give your own
reasons to support your message.
OR
B) Statement of Purpose:
You wish to pursue your graduation /diploma at a reputed university in any of the streams of your
own choice, either arts, commerce, science, management, medicine, agriculture, engineering, law or
any other degree you have in your mind.
You have fixed your career goals and also have similar background to achieve your dreams. Taking
help of the above points/information write a 'Statement of purpose' in about 100/150 words as a part
of your application process to get admission at a university of your choice
OR
(3) Group Discussion
You and your three friends (John, Irfan and Ravina) are selected as a team for group discussion for
a reputed T.V. channel. The topic of discussion is 'Importance of English literature.’ Write suitable
dialogues for each participant giving his/her opinion on the topic.

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(B) Attempt Any One from the given activities: (4)
E-mail:
(1) You purchased a 42 inches Smart TV. four months ago from M.G. Electronics and Appliances.
It is not working properly and also it doesn't have good sound and picture quality. The warranty
period of the T.V. is still valid.
Write an E-mail in about 100/150 words to the shop owner complaining about the problem.
OR
Report Writing:
(2) Your junior college recently organised a 'Book Reading Competition. You are the students'
representative. Write a report of the competition in about 100/150 words.
OR
Interview:
(3) Imagine, you have to conduct an interview of a teacher who recently received the Ideal
Teacher Award from the state government. With the help of the given table and points, draft
questions for an interview. (Do not change the sequence of the questions.)

Name of the interviewee

Area of success/reputation
Date/Venue/Time
Duration of interview

Questions:

Questions should be based on -

(1) decision
(2) idols
(3) support
(4) education
(5) training
(6) success
(7) dream
(8) goals/destination

(C) Attempt Any One from the given activities: (4)

(1) Speech
Imagine you have to deliver a speech on the topic ‘Save Earth Save Life’ on World Environment
Day in your junior college. Draft a speech in about 100/150 words that you wish to deliver
before the audience.
OR
2) Compering:
Suppose, you are going to compere in a felicitation programme of the meritorious students in
H.S.C. Board Exammation of your junior college. As a compere, prepare the whole programme
script considering the sequence and details of the overall programme. You may take help of the
given hints:

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 • Welcome song
• Introductory speech
• Presentation of the result
• Felicitation of meritorious students
• Representative talks/Speeches by meritorious students and their parents, Small interview
session,
• Chairperson's address
• Vote of thanks
OR
Expansion of Ideas:
(3) Expand the following idea in about 100/150 words with the help of the points given below:

• All is well that Ends well.

• Well begun is just half done
• It's all about the finishing touch
• Patience and perseverance are always counted
• Happy ending leads to satisfaction
(D) Attempt Any One from the given activities: (4)
Review:
(1) You have recently read a book. Write a Review in about 100/150 words of the book with
the help of the following points:

• Title/author of the book

• Subject/Story/Information
• Language/Style/Presentation
• Benefits/Message
OR

Blog:
(2) Write a Blog in a proper format on "Yoga - A practice for better living”with the help of
the following points in about 100/150 words:

• Importance of Yoga in life

• Keeps body fit and healthy
• Refreshes soul and mind
• Stress buster
• Meditation helps in focussing
OR
Appeal
(3) Your college has organised a motorcycle rally to make people aware to save paper and save
trees. Prepare an Appeal on the topie "Save Paper, Save Trees” with the help of the following
points in about 100/150 words:

• Convincing appeal
• Need
• Information/Facts
• Famous personality/Guest
• Venue, date and time

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 SECTION IV : (LITERARY GENRE-NOVEL)

Q. 5. (A) Complete the activities given below as per the instructions: (4) [16]
(i) Pick out the odd element from each line: (2)
(a) Joseph Conrad, Graham Greene, Daniel Defoe, Anthony Burgess,
(b) Mystery, Style, Conflict, Character.
(c) The turn of the screw, Aphra Behn, Rajmohan's Wife, Jane Eyre.
(d) Drama, Novel, Psychology, Poetry.
(ii) Choose the correct alternatives and rewrite the sentences: (2)
(a) The novel as a literary genre has a history of about………………. years. [two thousand five
hundred, two thousand, five hundred]
(b) The new literature written in the 18th century was characterised by …………….. [mystery,
fantasy, spirit of realism]
(c) In …………………. novel, the surface meaning is different from the symbolic meaning.
[Allegorical, Dystopian, Gothic]
(d) ………………… has coined the phrase’ Stream of Consciousness’. [Jane Austin, Virginia
Woolf, William James]
(B) Answer in about 50 words the questions given below: (4)
(i) Explain in brief the theme of the extract from 'To Sir, With Love'.
(ii) Give the character-sketch of Denham in the extract from "To Sir, With Love'. (2)
(C) Answer the following: (4)
(i) Complete the table highlighting various traits of the following characters in the extract from
‘Around the World in Eighty Days'. (2)

Name of the characters Traits

(1) Aouda
(2) Detective Fix

(ii) “We can go around the world in less time by journeying eastward". Justify it with Fogg's
journey in the extract from "Around the World in Eighty Days” (in about 50 words) (2)
(D) Answer the questions given below: (2)
(i) Elaborate the following line in the light of the novel The Sign of Four. (in about 50 words)
You really are an automaton-a calculating machine."

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(ii) Arrange the following incidents in correct sequence as / per their occurrence in the extract
from the novel ‘The Sign of Four’. (2)
(a) Miss Morstan showed Holmes the pearls and letter,.
(b) Miss Morstan discussed her problem with Holmes and Watson.
(c) They planned to meet the writer of the letter
(d) Miss Morstan met Holmes and Watson at their house.

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