Technical Specification

Technical Specification
of
Distribution Transformer
 Technical Specification

Contents
1 Distribution Transformer .................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Standards ................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Description ................................................................................................................. 3
2 Works Tests ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Routine Tests ............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Site Tests ................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Ratings and Features for Distribution Transformers................................................... 6
 Technical Specification

1 Distribution Transformer

1.1 Standards

The equipment specified in this Section of the Contract shall conform to the latest edition of the
appropriate IEC specifications and/or other recognized international standards. In particular:
 IEC 76 Power transformers;
 IEC 137 Bushings for alternating voltages above 1 kV;
 IEC 156 Method of determination of electric strength of insulating oils;
 IEC 296 Specification for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and
switchgear;
 IEC 551 Measurement of transformer and reactor sound levels;
 IEC 616 Terminal and tapping markings for power transformer;
 IEC 722 Guide to lightning and switching impulse testing of power transformers;
 IEC 733 Determination of water in insulating oils;
 BS 5493 Protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion.

1.2 Description

1.2.1 Tank Construction: all transformers shall be manufactured to IEC 76 or equivalent with
a metal casing of rigid construction which shall be oil/ gas tight. Transformers with
radiators shall be complete with an oil preservation system.

1.2.2 The tank of each transformer shall be of mild steel plate of minimum thickness 5mm.
Each tank shall be designed to prevent the collection of moisture on any part and shall
be sufficiently rigid to resist distortion when the transformer is lifted complete with oil.
Suitable lifting lugs shall be provided. The tank cover shall be of the bolted type.
Earthing terminals shall be provided.

1.2.3 Continuous Maximum Ratings, Overloads, and Short Circuit Capacity: All transformers
shall be capable of operating continuously without injurious heating when operating on
any tapping position and at the overloads and or over-voltages directly specified. The
transformer shall be designed and constructed to withstand without any damage, the
mechanical and thermal stresses produced by short-circuit current limited by the
impedance of the transformer only.

1.2.4 Electrical Connections: Each transformer shall be connected in accordance with vector
group symbol specified.
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1.2.5 Cores shall be constructed of high quality, non-aging, high permeability silicon steel.
The steel shall be in thin laminations. Both sides of each sheet shall be insulated,
rigidly clamped with positive locking devices to insure adequate mechanical strength to
support the windings and reduce vibrations to a minimum during operation. Cut type
cores shall not be accepted.

1.2.6 The windings of the transformer shall be fabricated from copper material. Aluminum
material for windings will not be acceptable. All windings shall be fully insulated. The
insulation of transformer windings and connections shall be free from any insulating
composition liable to soften, migrate, shrink, or collapse during service.

1.2.7 Off-load tap Changer: Tap change control equipment will only be operated when the
transformer is de energized. The equipment shall consist of tap changing switches
located inside the tank under oil and rigidly attached to the core structure preferably
adjacent to the tapped coils. They shall be operated mechanically from outside the
tank, the operating. Spindles passing through the tank side shall be such that it is also
possible to operate the switches when the transformer is out of the tank.

1.2.8 A tap position indicator shall be fitted which shall be clearly visible and show the actual
voltage ratio in use at any time. The tapping switch operating handle shall be so
positioned as to be easily accessible and shall be lockable in each tap position by
means of a padlock. Mechanical stops shall be provided to limit the maximum and
minimum positions of the tap changer.

1.2.9 Conservator Vessels (oil expansion vessels) shall have a capacity between highest
and lowest visible levels of not less than 7.5% of the total cold oil volume of the
transformer. Each conservator vessel shall be fitted with a breather in which silica gel
is the drying agent. Windows in the silica gel breathers shall be sufficiently large
enough to allow crystal color change to be easily observed. The position of the silica
gel breather shall be such that maintenance can be carried out without the need to de-
energize the transformer.

1.2.10 Radiators fitted directly to the walls of the tanks shall be of the tube or pressed steel
type construction.
 Technical Specification
1.2.11 The insulating oil shall be refined mineral oil to BS 148 / IEC 296. The Contractor shall
furnish the necessary quantity of oil for the first filling of transformer radiators and
conservator.

1.2.12 The maximum winding temperature shall not be more than 55 deg C when carrying the
maximum continuous rated kVA when the ambient temperature is 45 Deg C and the
temperature rise of the insulating oil shall not exceed 50 deg C when measured near
the top of the main tank.

1.2.13 Terminal Bushing Insulators: the bushings shall be made of homogeneous and well-
vitrified porcelain in compliance with BS 137.

1.2.14 All neutral bushings shall be identical to the associated phase bushing. Stresses due
to expansion or contraction in any part of the insulator, or connected conductors, or
equipment, shall not lead to the development of defects in the bushings. The high
voltage bushings shall have clamp type connection arrangement suitable for
terminating nominal 20-100 mm sq conductor. The low voltage neutral bushing shall
have clamp type terminating arrangement suitable for terminating a nominal 95 sq. mm
earth wire in addition to the main circuit neutral.

1.2.15 Terminal Arrangements on 3 phase transformers, HV and LV winding's phase

markings shall be as follows:
• High voltage: A B C
• Low voltage: c b a n

When facing the terminals and reading from left to right.

1.2.16 Earthing of two earth terminals (grounding pads) welded externally to the tank wall
near the base shall be provided complete with clamp type terminal connectors suitable
95 sq mm solid or stranded conductor.

1.2.17 Accessories each transformer shall be provided with the following:

a) Name, rating and diagram plates bearing the date specified in the appropriate
IEC recommendation
b) Tank earth terminals
c) Lifting fittings
Three phase transformers shall also include:
• Upper oil filling and filter valve
• Lower oil filters and drain valve
• Oil sampling device
 Technical Specification
• Oil level gauge prismatic type
• Pressure relief device

2 Works Tests

2.1 Routine Tests

Each transformer shall be subjected to the following test to prove compliance with IEC 76.
a) Measurement of winding resistance
b) Measurement of voltage ratio
c) Check of Vector Group
d) Measurement of Impedance voltage
e) Measurement of Load losses
f) Measurement of no-load losses
g) Measurement of no-load current
h) Induced voltage withstands
i) Power frequency voltage withstand

2.2 Site Tests

The equipment shall be subject to any such tests on arrival at site as are required by
the purchaser to prove compliance with the specification, independently of any tests
which may have already been carried out at the manufactures works.
These tests shall normally include:
a) Insulation tests between windings and between each winding and earth at (2,500 volts).

2.3 Ratings and Features for Distribution Transformers

Ratings
Type Outdoor
Phase Three-phase
Rated Power 100 kVA and 220 kVA
Rated Voltage
-Primary 11 kV
-Secondary 400/230 V
Rated Voltage
-Primary 12 kV
-Secondary 440V
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Connection
-Primary Delta
-Secondary Grd. Wye
Cooling System ONAN
Voltage Vector group Dyn 11
Rated impedance 4.5 %
Basic Insulation Level
- Primary 75 kV
- Secondary 28 kV
Power frequency induced Over voltage Withstand 50
 Technical Specification
Hz, 60 sec. 60 Sec
- Primary 28 kV
-Secondary 3 kV
No load tap changer ±2.5 %, ± 5 %
Voltage taps on HV side
Mounting Platform
Insulation Temperature Class A
Applicable standard IEC or equivalent standard
Noise level at 3-meter radius < 44dB