DATE: 11/ /2024

SCORE________

Racho, Claoui Nadine Arco

Reyes, Johnmark Alparo

Title: Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction

INTRODUCTION

Thermochemistry is defined as the branch of thermodynamics that focuses on changes

occurring during chemical reactions (Ruscic et al. 2019). A reaction may either be release or
absorbed energy, and a phase change may do the same. According to Edelweiss Chemical
Science Journal (ECSJ), thermochemistry is also the study of heat energy related with chemical
reactions and/or physical changes. It focuses on comprehending the transfer of energy during
these processes, which typically takes the form of heat. This area enables researchers to quantify
the quantity of energy transferred and helps explain how and why reactions emit or absorb heat.
Basically, thermochemistry involves different varieties of processes which includes
enthalpy (H), which is the measure of a total heat content of a system, and heat reaction (ΔH),
which quantifies the heat being absorbed or released during a reaction. As for chemical reactions
it can either be exothermic, which is the releasing of heat to the surroundings, or endothermic,
which is the absorbing of heat from the surroundings. The study of thermochemistry is one of the
major components that explains how energy is being transferred in processes like combustion,
photosynthesis, and dissolution of salts. Equipment’s such as calorimetry are used to measure the
heat changes involved in these processes (Zumdahl & DeCoste, 2017).
Hence, because the endothermic and exothermic reactions have its character through
interactions with energy, thermochemistry assists to measure and understand how heat is being
exchanged between these two different reactions to make known why and how that change in
energy takes place in chemical and physical transformation. And with that, in most fields, like
producing energy, chemical engineering, and environmental science, the reaction needs to be
understood.
MATERIALS & MEHTOD

Experiment 1: Pringle Pop Materials: to feel any changes in temperature. Finally,

record all observations, noting any changes
• Potato chips container complete with in the container’s appearance, temperature,
plastic cover – the type lined with aluminum or any visual effects such as flames or
foil (Example: Pringles potato chips smoke.
container)
• Dropper with pointed tip
• Matches Experiment 2: Vinegar and Baking Soda

• Ethanol / Alcohol Materials:

• One clear plastic cup

Method:
• Measuring spoon (one tablespoon, one
To begin, take an empty potato chips teaspoon)
container and use a nail to carefully poke a
hole about 1½ inches from the bottom. The • Thermometer
hole should be large enough to fit a • Vinegar
matchstick through. Next, squirt a few drops
of alcohol (such as rubbing alcohol) into the • Baking soda
container through the hole, ensuring the
amount added is minimal, just enough to
create alcohol vapor inside. Immediately Method:
after adding the alcohol, cover the container
and shake it vigorously for a few seconds. First, measure approximately four
This action helps the alcohol mix with the tablespoons of vinegar and pour it into a
air inside and vaporize. plastic cup. Using a thermometer, record the
initial temperature of the vinegar. Once the
Once the container has been shaken, temperature is noted, add two teaspoons of
quickly remove the cover and introduce a baking soda into the vinegar and stir the
lighted matchstick into the hole. As the mixture well. After stirring, immediately
alcohol vapors come into contact with the record the temperature of the new mixture.
flame, they will ignite, causing a reaction Finally, touch the outside of the cup to feel
inside the container. After the ignition, any changes in temperature, observing how
carefully touch the outside of the container the reaction affects the warmth of the cup.
Experiment 1: Pringle Pop

Guide Questions:

a. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Why?

- Generally, it would be an exothermic reaction. As what mentioned in the Procedure,
when you introduce a lighted match into the hole after shaking the container of the
pringle it would gradually produce a “pop” sound, this is because it’s more likely an
exothermic reaction since it involves the rapid release of stored pressure or gas inside the
container, which could result in a brief release of energy and produces a sound.
b. Why did the lid or container’s cover pop?
- This is because alcohol is made out of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. As few drops of
alcohol was poured inside the can, all the air inside the can is filled and has been taken
out by hydrogen gas. Now, as the lighted match interacts with the gas inside the can, a
consuming hydrogen gas inside the can comes out to its highest point bringing a blast
making the can produce a sound “pop”.
c. Why did the container pop as soon as the lighted matchstick was introduced into the
container?
- As what I’ve mentioned earlier, when the lighted matchstick interacts with the hydrogen
gas inside the can, it reaches the highest point in which the pressured gas inside the can
gradually releases and energy which produces a popping sound.
d. Where did the heat produced come from?
- I do not know which heat you are asking, but if you’re talking about what is the source of
heat that made the can pop is that the heat comes from the lighted matchstick.

NOTE: The reaction that occurs is the combustion of ethanol:

𝐂𝐇𝟑𝐂𝐇𝟐𝐎𝐇 (𝐠) + 𝟑𝐎𝟐 (𝐠) → 𝐇𝟐𝐎 + 𝐂𝐎𝟐 + 𝐡𝐞𝐚t

Experiment 2: Vinegar and Baking Soda

Guide Questions:

a. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Why?

- Based on the reaction that happened and the change of temperature, the reaction was
endothermic. As stated, endothermic process absorbs heat from its surrounding causing
the temperature of the reaction to cool down.
b. Why is the container cold when touched?
- That’s because when baking soda is mixed with vinegar, the product would produce a
higher energy and absorbs heat from the surrounding making the cup cold.
c. Where does the energy absorbed from the surroundings go?
- When baking soda is mixed directly to viner, the energy absorbed goes into the system
indicating an endothermic process/reaction.

CONLCUSION

For the pringle activity, I noticed and discovered that when alcohol specifically hydrogen
gas fills up the air inside the can and interacts with a lighted matchstick it comes to its highest
point and would produce a blast in which the can gets hot. The reaction of the experiment creates
an exothermic process. Meanwhile, for the vinegar and baking soda activity. The temperature of
the vinegar relied on a normal room temperature. Still, after mixing a small amount of baking
soda, the temperature lowers down making it cold, making the experiment an endothermic
process.
 REFERENCE
Admin. (2022, October 20). Difference between Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions |
Chemistry. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/chemistry/endothermic-exothermic-reactions-
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Discorson, C. (n.d.). GROUP 5. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/544115541/GROUP5
Edelweiss Publications-About us. (n.d.). Edelweiss Publications Inc.
https://edelweisspublications.com/keyword/46/545/Thermochemistry
Education, R. (2024, November 4). Exothermic or endothermic? Classifying reactions. RSC
Education. https://edu.rsc.org/experiments/exothermic-or-endothermic-classifying-
reactions/406.article
education.com. (n.d.). Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions Experiment | Science project |
Education.com. Education.com. https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/chemical-
reations-absorb-release-energy/
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endothermic-vs-exothermic-reactions
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What are exothermic and endothermic reactions? - BBC Bitesize. (2024, July 11). BBC Bitesize.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zb7wwnb#zrmqqfr

APPENDICES
 DOCUMENTATIONS

PREPARATION OF MATERIALS

MATERIALS FOR ACTIVITY 1 MATERIALS FOR ACTIVITY 2

DOCUMENTATIONS OF ACTIVITY 1

NAILED A 1½ INCHES
HOLE AT THE BOTTOM

SPRAYED A SMALL
AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL
THORUGH THE HOLE

SHAKED THE
CONTAINER

INTRODUCED A
LIGHTED MATCHSTICK
INTO THE HOLE

THE FINAL RESULT

CREATED A “POP”
SOUND
DOCUMENTATIONS OF ACTIVITY 2

FOUR TABLESPOON
OF VINEGAR

RECORDED THE
TEMPERATURE OF
VINEGAR

ADDED TWO
TEASPOONS OF
BAKING SODA

STIRRED THE
SUBSTANCES

RECORDED THE
TEMPERATURE
AGAIN