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21 views52 pages

Ch1-Revision Pack Ict

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darw.karwan
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CHAPTER 1:

NUMBERING SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVES

Define what Binary is.


Define what Decimal is.
Define what transistors
are.
Define what hexadecimal
is.
WHAT IS A
BINARY?
INTRODUCTION

Binary is a system of counting to represnt


data in a computer in 0 and 1.

Binary is base-2, meaning that it only uses


two digits or bits.

Any form of data needs to be converted


into a binary format so that it can be
processed by the computer.
WHAT IS DENARY (DECIMAL)?

We have “Decimal or denary” counting system which is base ten.


decimal uses ten separate digits, 0-9, to represent all values.

In this system we add a new digit every ten things, therefore each digit
represents an increase in the power of ten.
WHAT IS BINARY?

Each digit of binary only has 2 values, each additional digit represents
an increasing power of 2 rather than 10
WHY USE BINARY?

A computer consists of billions of small micro transistors.


Micro transistors can be switched on and off.
This is why the binary system is a natural fit for computers. Each digit
in a binary number can be represented by an on or off state of a
circuit.
WHY USE BINARY?

Binary is easier to perform arithmetic on.


It is more efficient to store, process and transmit information.
It takes less space.
TRANSISTORS

A single transistor is what’s known as a Bit.


A Bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and
store.
8 of these transistors (bits) in a row are called a Byte, which is any
number between 0-255.
HEXADECIMAL

The hexadecimal number system is a base 16 system and therefore


needs to use 16 different ‘digits’ to represent each value.
HEXADECIMAL

Because it is a system based on 16 different digits, the numbers 0 to 9


and the letters A to F are used to represent each hexadecimal (hex)

digit. A in hex = 10 in denary, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14 and F = 15.


SUMMARY

A decimal has a base 10, that mean


it has 10 digits.
Binary has a base 2, that means it
has 2 digits.
Computers are made of billions of
transistors.
Hexadecimal has a base 16
______numbering system has a base of 10.

_____ numbering system has a base of 2.

_____ numbering system has a base of 16.

______ is the smallest unit of data that a


computer can process and store.
QUESTIONS
computers are made of billions of _____ .
THANK YOU
ahmed.mohammed@suli-bis.com
NUMBER SYSTEMS
CONVERSION
BINARY TO DENARY (DECIMAL)

This will be given to


1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
you in the question

Process 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

This is the result 128+64+2+1= 195

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

4096+2048+1024+512+32+16+2+1= 7731
DENARY (DECIMAL) TO BINARY division result
Remaind
er

convert this Denary number into Binary: 82 82/2 41 0

41/2 20 1
Answer: 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
20/2 10 0

10/2 5 0

Validation: 5/2 2 1

2/2 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1/2 0.5 1
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
The correct order is
64+16+2= 82 from bottom to top,
then left to right
BINARY CONVERSION

For more examples, refer back to your notes or the


book.
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY AND IN REVERSE

The way to Convert hexa decimal digits to Binary is by finding the digits in the table of
the next slide.
Example:
Convert this hexa value to binary (2AB):
By comparing Each digit, ( 2 - A - B ) in the table to it’s binary digit, you get the
result below:
0011 1010 1011
Convert ( 1000 1111 0000 ) to Hex value:
you compare each 4 digit to it’s hex value:
8F0
USE OF THE HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM

Error codes
MAC addresses
IPv6 addresses
HTML colour codes
USE OF THE HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM

MAC addresses: refers to a number which uniquely


identifies a device on a network.
USE OF THE HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM

Internet Protocol (IP) addresses: Each device


connected to a network is given an address known as
the Internet Protocol (IP) address.
USE OF THE HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM

HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML) color codes:


HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML) is used when
writing and developing web pages.
__________ refers to a number
which uniquely identifies a device on a
network.

Each device connected to a network is


given an address known as the
________
QUESTIONS
_____ is used when writing and
developing web pages.
SUMMARY

Hexadecimal is used in:


Error codes
MAC addresses
IPv6 addresses
HTML colour codes
BINARY
ADDITION
BINARY ADDITION

The Rules:

0+0 = 0 there is no carry


1+0 = 1 there is no carry
1+1 = 0 and the carry is 1
1+1+1= 1 and the carry is 1
BINARY ADDITION

1 1 1 1 1 The carry
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1

1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 Final answer
BINARY ADDITION

For for information on this topic, refer back to your


notes or the book on page 15 and 16.
TEXT, SOUND
AND IMAGES
OBJECTIVES

ASCII code and


Unicode character set.
Representation of
sound.
Representation of
images.
WHAT IS A
CHARACTER
SET?
The ___________ character set has 7-bit
codes.

The ___________ character set has 8-bit


codes.

The ___________ character set has 32-bit


codes.

QUESTIONS
Analog signals are converted to ________
so the computer can process it.

Images are made of _______ .

The number of bits used to represent each


color is called ____________.
THANK YOU
ahmed.mohammed@suli-bis.com

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