MHF 4U0

6.3 Transformations of Logarithmic Functions

The logarithmic function y = logbx is the inverse of the exponential function y = bx.

The general shape of the graph of the logarithmic function depends on the value
of the base.

If b > 1, the exponential function is an

increasing function, so the logarithm is O
If 0 < b < 1, the exponential function
is a decreasing function, so the
an increasing function. logarithm is a decreasing function.

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

-8 -6 -4 -2
-2
2 4
log
6 8 -8 -6 -4 -2
-2
2 4 6 8

-4 -4

-6 -6
log
-8 -8

Exponential Function Logarithmic Function

Horizontal asymptote: x-axis Vertical asymptote: y-axis
x-intercept: 1 y-intercept: 1
none yo
Domain: x Domain: x |x 0
Range: y |y 0 Range: y

pg. 1/4
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Horizontal stretch (1/k) or compress (k)
k < 0 => reflection in y-axis

y = a log[ k (x – d)] + c
lat O

F
Vertical stretch (a) or
compression (1/a)
5 1914Horizontal Translation
Vertical Translation
c > 0 => shift up
a < 0 => reflection in x-axis c < 0 => shift down
d > 0 => shift right
d < 0 => shift left

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Example #1: Given the parent function f(x) = logx, state the equation of the function that
results from each of the following transformations:

(a) vertical compression by ¼, horizontal translation 5 units right, vertical translation 10

units up, reflection in the y-axis P
7 5
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(b) reflection in the x-axis, vertical stretch by 5, horizontal shift 3 units left, vertical
translation 12 units down
Tonight
stretch by
7 3 12
9 5
afactorft
1 2
12
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12
Transformed 2Gct3D
5log
pg. 2/4

equation
MHF 4U0
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Example #2: For each of the following logarithmic functions,
(a) Describe the transformations that must be applied to f(x) = log10x to obtain g(x).
(b) Sketch the graph.
(c) State the domain, range, and location of the vertical asymptotes.
2xt
(i) g(x) = log10(x – 3) + 4 (ii) g(x) = –log (–2x + 2) – 1
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Example #4: Without graphing, determine the domain of the function f(x) = log3(9 – x2).

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pg. 3/4
 MHF 4U0

Challenge: sketch graphs for the following functions (when base of the graph is not 10)
a) b) c)

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