1) Plot the Cardioids r = a + acos(θ) and r = a − a cos(θ)

5) Prove that mixed partial derivatives uxy=uyx for u=exp(x)(xcos(y)-ysin(y)).

import numpy as np
import matplotlib . pyplot as plt
import math
from sympy import *
x, y = symbols( ' x y')
plt. axes( projection = ' polar ')
a= 3
u=exp ( x) *( x* cos( y)- y* sin ( y)) # input mutivar iable function u=u(x, y)
dux= diff (u, x) # Di ffer ent at e u w. r. t x
rad = np. arange (0 , ( 2 * np. pi), 0 . 01 )
duy = diff (u, y) # Di fferent at e u w. r. t. y
# plo tting the cardioid duxy = diff ( dux , y) # or du xy= di f f( u,x , y)
for i in rad : duyx = diff ( duy , x) # or du yx= di f f( u,y, x)
r = a + ( a* np. cos ( i))
# Check the con dtion uxy= uy x
plt. po lar( i,r, 'g. ')
if duxy== duyx:
r1 = a- ( a* np. cos( i))
prin t ( ' Mixed partial derivatives are equal ')
plt. polar( i, r1 ,'r. ') else :
# display the polar plot
prin t ( ' Mixed partial derivatives are not equal ')
plt. show ()

2) Plot the curve y2(a − x) = x2(a + x), a > 0

6) If u = xy/z, v = yz/x, w = zx/y then prove that J = 4.
p3 = plo t_ im pli ci t (
Eq (( y ** 2 )*( 2 - x), (x ** 2 )*( 2 +x) ), (x, -5 , 5 ), (y, -5 , 5 ), from sympy import *
title = ' Strophoid : $y^ 2 (a- x) =x^ 2 ( a+x), a> 0$ ') # a= 2
x,y, z= symbols ( ' x,y, z')
3) Find the angle between the curves r = 4(1 + cos t) and r = 5(1 − cos t).
u=x* y/ z
v=y* z/ x
from sympy import * w=z* x/ y
# find the all first order partial derivates
r, t = symb ols( 'r, t') # Define the varia bles required as symbols dux= diff(u, x)
duy = diff(u, y)
r1 = 4 *( 1 +co s ( t)); # Input first polar curve
duz= diff (u, z)
r2 =5 *( 1- cos( t)); # Input first polar curve
dr1 = diff ( r1 , t) # find the derivat ive of first function
dvx = diff(v, x)
dr2 = diff ( r2 ,t) # find the derivative of secodn function
dvy = diff(v, y)
t1 =r1 / dr1
dvz= diff(v, z)
t2 =r2 / dr2
q= solve ( r1 - r2 , t) # solve r1 ==r2 , to find the point of intersection
dwx= dif f(w, x)
between curves
dwy = diff(w, y)
w1 =t1 . subs( { t: float( q[ 1 ])}) # su bstitut e the value of " t" in t1
dwz = dif f(w, z)
w2 =t2 . subs( { t: float( q[ 1 ])}) # substitute the value of " t" in t2
y1 = atan ( w1 ) # to find the inverse tan of w1
# const ru ct the Jacobia n matrix
y2 = atan ( w2 ) # to find the inverse tan of w2
J= Matrix( [[ dux , duy , duz ],[ dvx , dvy , dvz],[ dwx , dwy , dwz]]);
w =abs ( y1 - y2 ) # angle between two curves is abs( w1 - w2 )
pr int (' Angle between curves in radians is % 0 . 3f '%( w))
print (" The Jacobian matrix is \ n" )
display ( J)
4) Find the radius of curvature, r = 4(1 + cos t) at t=π/2.
# Find the de term ina t of Jacobi an Matrix
Jac =det ( J). doit ()
from sympy import *
pri n t ('\ n\ n J = ', Jac)
t= Symb ol('t') # define t as symbol
r= Sym bol( 'r')
r= 4 *( 1 +co s ( t))
r1 = Der iva tive (r, t). doit () # find the first deri va tive of r w. r. t " t"
r2 = Derivative ( r1 ,t). doit () # find the second derivative of r w. r. t "t"
rho =( r ** 2 +r1 ** 2 ) ** ( 1 . 5 )/( r ** 2 + 2 * r1 ** 2 - r* r2 ); # Substitute r1 and r2 in
formula
rho1 = rho . subs(t, pi/ 2) # substitute t in rho
print (' The radius of curvature is % 3 . 4f units '% rho1 )

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 def f( x):
7) Find the Maxima and minima of f (x, y) = x2 + y2 + 3x − 3y + 4. return np. sin ( 1 * x)

import sympy x = np. linspac e (- 10 , 10 )

from sympy import Symbol , solve , Derivative , pprint
x= Sym bol ( 'x' ) plt. plot (x, yat( x), co lor =' red ')
y= Symb ol( 'y') plt. plot(x, f( x), co lor =' green ')
f=x ** 2 +x* y+y ** 2 + 3 * x- 3 *y+ 4 plt. ylim ([- 3 , 3 ])
plt. grid ()
d1 = Derivative (f, x). doit () plt. show ()
d2 = Deriv at ive (f, y). doit ()
critical poi nt s1 = solve ( d1 )
critical poi nt s2 = solve ( d2 ) 9) Solve: dy
+ tanx − y3secx = 0.
s1 = Derivat ive (f,x, 2 ). doit ()
s2 = Derivative (f,y, 2 ). doit () from sympy import *
s3 = Derivat ive ( Derivative (f, y),x). doit ()
pr int (' function value is ') x, y= symb o ls( 'x, y')
y= Functi on (" y")( x)
q1 =s1 . subs( { y: criticalpoints1 , x: criticalpoints2 }). evalf ()
q2 =s2 . subs( { y: criticalpoints1 , x: criticalpoints2 }). evalf () y1 = Derivati ve (y, x)
q3 =s3 . subs( { y: criticalpoints1 , x: criticalpoints2 }). evalf () z1 = dsolve ( Eq( y1 +y* tan ( x)- y ** 3 * sec( x)),y)
delta =s1 * s2 - s3 ** 2
print ( delta , q1 ) display ( z1 )

if( delta >0 and s1 <0 ):

Q1) Solution
print (" f takes maximum ")
elif ( delta > 0 and s1 >0 ):
print(" f takes minim um ")
if ( delta < 0 ):
prin t (" The point is a saddle point")
if ( delta == 0 ):
print (" further tests required ")

8) Expand sin(x) as Taylor series about x = pi/2 upto 3rd degree term.

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sympy import *
x= Symb ol( 'x')

y=sin ( 1 * x)
format Q2) Solution
x0 = float ( pi / 2 )
dy= diff (y, x)
d2y = diff (y ,x, 2 )
d3y = di ff (y ,x , 3 )
yat= lambdify (x, y)
dyat = lambdify (x, dy)
d2yat= lambdify (x, d2y)
d3yat= lambdify (x, d3y)
y=yat( x0 ) +(( x- x0 )/ 2 )* dyat( x0 ) +(( x- x0 ) ** 2 / 6 )* d2yat( x0 ) +(( x- x0 ) ** 3 / 24 )*
d3yat( x0 )
print( simplify ( y))
yat= lambdify (x, y)
print ( "%. 3f" % yat( pi/ 2 + 10 *( pi/ 180 )))

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