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Definition of Terms

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Rellie Castro
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22 views2 pages

Definition of Terms

Uploaded by

Rellie Castro
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Definition of the Common Terms in Pharmacology

• Pharmacology - the study of drugs

• Drug - any substance which can affect a biological system

• Pharmacodynamics - what the drug does to the animal

• Pharmacokinetics - what the animal does to the drug; the movement of drugs within the body
(ADME process)

• Pharmacy - science of preparation of drugs

• Therapeutics - treatment of disease

• Toxicology - study of poisons

• Pharmacopoeia - official list of drug preparations

• ADME - absorption, distribution, metabolism (a.k.a. biotransformation), elimination

• Absorption - of the drug from the site of administration into the blood circulation (it must
dissolve in body fluids to be absorbed)

• Distribution - of the drug around the body including to the target tissue

• Metabolism - of the drug to something which can be excreted more easily (although some drugs
are excreted unchanged)

• Elimination - of the drug from the body, usually via kidneys and urine

• Bioavailability - fraction of the dose given which finds its way into systemic circulation; "F"

• Parenteral - any systemic route other than oral

• Prescription – written order for medicine

• Inscription - names and amounts of drugs to be incorporated into prescription

• Subscription - instructions to the pharmacist

• Dose - amount of drug given to animal to produce a certain effect

• Dosage - amount of drug per unit body weight (mg/kg or mg/lb)

• Minimal therapeutic dose - smallest amount of drug that has a therapeutic effect (threshold)

• Maximal therapeutic dose - largest amount of drug that can be tolerated without producing
toxic effects
• Therapeutic dose - optimal dose, some place between minimal and maximal therapeutic doses

• Toxic dose - amount that produces undesirable clinical, hematological, biochemical or


pathological alterations

• Lethal dose - dose that causes death

• Summation - administer more than 1 drug with same effect

• Synergism - net effect is stronger than 2 individual effects of 2 drugs administered

• Chemical antagonism - drugs inactivate each other

• Physiological antagonism - drugs have opposite effects and cancel each other out

• Pharmacokinetic antagonism - one drug reduces the concentration of another drug at its site of
action by interfering with the ADME process

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