Lesson Plan in Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person - Grade 12

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

a. Analyze expressions and statements that show differences of

fact and opinion;
b. Distinguish an opinion from truth by analyzing the given
situations; and
c. Realize the value of fact and opinion in obtaining a broad
perspective in life.

II. Subject Matter:

Learning Competencies: Distinguish opinion from truth

(Nakikilala ang pagkakaiba ng katotohanan sa
opinion)
Code: PPT11/12-Ic-2.1 to PPT 11/12-Ic-2.2
Topic: FACT versus OPINION
References: Internet
Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, bond paper and pentel pen

III. Procedure:

A. Preliminary Activities
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Checking of attendance

Review of previous lesson

Motivation
Presenting statements through PowerPoint Presentation and let
them analyze if the statement is fact or opinion.

B. Developmental and Physical Activity

Activity (SCAVENGER HUNT FACT AND OPINION)

The teacher hides cards with facts and opinion statements

around the classroom. After that the teacher will divide the
class into two (2) groups. Have students find the cards and
determine if they are facts or opinions. The first group to
correctly identify all cards wins.
Analysis

The Teacher will ask the student the following questions:

 How do you evaluate opinions?
 How do you evaluate facts?
 How important are the statements and assumptions in
evaluating one’s opinion as methods of philosophizing?
Support your answer.
 Do evaluating opinions in the methods of
philosophizing develop your self-confidence as an
individual? And why?
 What strategies or ways did you use to the answer the
statement?
 What are the key differences of facts and opinions?

Abstract

FACT – is a statement that can be proven to be true by the use of

“evidence”. This means that facts are fully true in all cases and for
all people. Facts contain data and research, can be proved through
experiment or observation and it includes numbers, dates, and
ages.

Two qualities of FACT:

1. A fact has evidence, or proof.
2. A fact can be observed.

Example:

1. Your heart pumps blood through your body.

2. The sun is hot.
3. B is the second letter in the alphabet.

 LOCATE A FACT
 Dictionary
 Map
 Encyclopedia
 Website
 Book
 Articles

OPINION – is a statement that is not necessarily true or false; it

can express a belief, attitude, value, judgment, or feeling. It
contains beliefs and thoughts, have emotional language (should,
best and worst) and cannot be proved.
 Two qualities of OPINION:
1. An opinion has a personal belief or claim.
2. An opinion can’t be proved.

Example:

1. I think black is the best color.

2. I believe Math is the hardest subject.
3. Golf is boring.

BASIS FOR
FACT OPINION
COMPARISON
Meaning Refers to something that can Refers to a judgement or
be verified or proved to be belief about something.
true.
Based on Observation, research, or Assumption or personal view.
other admissible source or
authority.
What is it? Objective reality Subjective or relative
statement
Verification Possible Not probable
Represents Something really happened A perception about something
Change Universal Differs from person to person
or culture to culture
Words Shown with unbiased words. Expressed with biased words.
Debatable No Yes
Influence Naturally has the power to Does not have “real” power
influence others. to influence others.

You can add additional qualifiers to your explanation. FACTS rely

on observation or research and generally involve the use of
empirical data and information. In many cases, facts also involve
our physical senses, like hearing, seeing, smelling, touching or
tasting. Facts are always true. Whereas OPINIONS may differ
from person to person. It is based on assumptions that cannot be
proven and reflect somebody’s views, beliefs, personal
perspectives, or values. In a news story, all opinions must be
quoted from a source, and sources from both sides should be cited.
Even a statement like “it is too hot outside” can be an opinion.
Some people prefer hot weather, whereas others do not. Opinions
cannot be verified.

FACT CLUES:

 The research confirms…

 The doctors recently discovered that COVID – 19 is
airborne…, COVID -19 is …
 “According to {sources}” usually followed by a fact. But it
can also be followed by an opinion statement. You need to
know your source.
  The source of a fact has to be credible. It cannot simply be
your mother or your relatives – unless they are a recognized
authority.

OPINION CLUES:

 I think, I believe, I feel, In my opinion, Some people think,

My friends think, My parents think, Some people claim,
He/she claims
 Always/Never/Awful/Wonderful, Beautiful/Ugly, Better
Best/Worst, Delicious/Disgusting, Enjoyable/Horrible/
Favorite, For/Against, Good/Bad, Inferior/Superior,
Oppose/Support, Terrible/Unfair, Worthwhile

Differences of Fact and Opinion:

FACT OPINION

Statement of actuality or occurrences. It is Statement of belief or feeling. It shows one’s

based on direct evidence, actual experiences, feeling about a subject
or observation

Statement that can be proven true An opinion expresses someone belief, feeling,
view, idea, or judgement about something of
someone

Statements that can be shown to be true or can Opinion expresses how a person feels about
be proved or something that really happened. something- It do not have to be based upon
logical reasoning

Is one whose content is objective and well Is one whose content is either subjective or
supported by available evidence else not well supported by the available
evidence

Application

The teacher will collect a ¼ sheet of paper per student with

its name.
The teacher will shuffle the paper.
The lucky chosen student, will answer the question:
“How do you feel when you heard an opinion about you?”

*Indicator 5 Maintain learning environments that promotes fairness, respect and

care to encourage learning.

Generalization:

Teacher will ask students…

1. What is the importance of knowing opinion from truth?

 2. What will happen if people will not seek for proof or evidence?
3. How does it help a person in becoming wise?

IV. Evaluation

5 – 7 minutes:
Short quiz

Identify the following if it is FACT or OPINION. Write F if FACT and

write O if OPINION.

1. Teachers should be allowed to smack students if they misbehave.

2. Governments must invest more in the environment.
3. Nine out of ten who completed the survey answered the questions
correctly.
4. The quality of life has decreased in the last ten years.
5. The sun is the center of universe.

V. Assignment

Read the short selection and tell which sentences tell FACT or OPINION. Draw a
STAR after the sentence if it is fact and HEART if it is an opinion.

1. I think access to clean water should be a human right.

2. Ethiopia is in Africa.
3. I believe that everyone should have clean water.
4. 1% of the world’s water is drinkable.
5. I think Air Jordans are the best shoes in the world.
6. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
7. Christmas is the best holiday of the year.
8. Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
9. Playing chess is more fun than playing basketball.
10. Filipinos celebrate Independence Day in June.

Prepared by:

MARY JANE E. CABAJAR

Teacher