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Slide 15 - Instructions - InT 21h Interrupts

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51 views9 pages

Slide 15 - Instructions - InT 21h Interrupts

Uploaded by

ffelif3439
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microprocessor Systems and

Laboratory
EEE220

slide 1
INT 21h interrupts

The INT 21h interrupts are DOS system services that allow programs to perform various functions such
as input/output operations, file handling, and system management.
They are called by setting specific values in the AH register to select a particular function.

Example Usage
Input a character and display it
mov ah, 01h ; Function to read a character
int 21h ; Call DOS interrupt
mov dl, al ; Move input character to DL
mov ah, 02h ; Function to display a character
int 21h ; Call DOS interrupt
INT 21h interrupts

Input/Output Functions

1. AH = 01h: Input a single character from the keyboard (echoed to the screen).
○ Returns: ASCII character in AL.
2. AH = 02h: Output a single character to the screen.
○ Input: Character in DL.
3. AH = 09h: Display a string on the screen.
○ Input: Address of the string in DX (terminated with $).
4. AH = 0Ah: Buffered input.
○ Input: Address of buffer in DX. First byte specifies max length; second byte gets the actual length.
INT 21h interrupts

File Handling

5. AH = 3Ch: Create a file.


○ Input: Address of filename in DX.
6. AH = 3Dh: Open a file.
○ Input: Address of filename in DX.
7. AH = 3Eh: Close a file.
○ Input: File handle in BX.
8. AH = 3Fh: Read from a file.
○ Input: File handle in BX, buffer address in DX, number of bytes to read in CX.
9. AH = 40h: Write to a file.
○ Input: File handle in BX, buffer address in DX, number of bytes to write in CX.
INT 21h interrupts

Program Termination

10. AH = 4Ch: Terminate the program.


○ Input: Exit code in AL.

Memory Management

11. AH = 48h: Allocate memory block.


○ Input: Paragraphs of memory requested in BX.
12. AH = 49h: Free memory block.
○ Input: Segment address of block in ES.
INT 21h interrupts

System Functions

13. AH = 30h: Get DOS version.


○ Returns: Major version in AL, minor version in AH.
14. AH = 2Ah: Get system date.
○ Returns: Year in CX, month in DH, day in DL, day of the week in AL.
15. AH = 2Ch: Get system time.
○ Returns: Hour in CH, minute in CL, second in DH, hundredths in DL.
INT 21h interrupts

Keyboard Functions

16. AH = 0Bh: Check the keyboard buffer (input status).


○ Returns: AL = 0 if no character is ready; AL != 0 if a character is available.
17. AH = 0Ch: Clear the keyboard buffer and wait for input.
INT 21h interrupts

write a program that display 5 charaters from the user

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