in nouns

- Modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of

the active element (denoting the end of the noun changes according to the position of

the word in the sentence). LyWI ~ O? T y.iY I..A]

d)..lI.\ >~

~)..lI.\~L

)Jft- - ~"Ql ••

U"" )..lI.\

- non-modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the

change of the active element (denoting the end of the) word assumes one
eternal/unchangeable form. [JoWl ~ Q?\ ~ ':J I..A]

~)~~ - >':J~>~

~~~ - >':J~~L
?~~ - >':J~Js-~

In respect to nouns, all are ~ ;M except the following:

~)'-~ - JA

(.I.! J~ - Js-Ij - ~) ~\ ~ - ~()

( "-,,1! JL..i2.0 - J L..i2.o) .):- \ ~ - .I.!I:.S'

(~4p - ~\j~ ~\~) cl:.l JI I!.lb Q~ I~ - ~)\..:;;)11 >~i

(~4p - ~l-:.U\ ~I..w\) i)~\ ~..ul ~I ~.ul - Al..7-'" y.1 >~\
& 4 lA ~i .:r - ~~':JI>~I
(.)"""1 ~ ~;;;\ \~! JJP\~
Q\ Ji ~\ - JW~\ >~I

J)'JI >}:-I) - ? ~I ? WI ? ~I ? WI ? A-J Jl? c.JWI ,?..I?-l - "J..$')\ ~\~I

(Yp

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 1 of 44

I
ylf~1 u\..4"'.N-

~~I - i.e. taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:

i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic -
Grammar:

:;')~I) ul.,-JI ~I ~ - ~~I 4 ~\:La"'.N- -

~\.P-~J'\..4~ -

e?T .p- ~~ Lh.l\ 4..a.l I w) :La "'.N- ) t .ir js-Ij -

rU\ ..:....;
jl\ e J,j~ ~Lh.l\ 0~I
~ ~ :La"'.N- ) y J~ 'I.! J~ -
ylf~1 ~ .u J$ '1 (~I .p- ~ ..J,bJJ (j) Jr -
o ?T J.>- ~~ Lh.l\ h..::..iJ\ ~ 'J..o"'.N- ) y~ (u \.,-J \) J.>- J yb.o -

0.r} Jl ~~\ - h..::..iJ\ 4 ):-\ 'J..o"'.N- - 0-" t~1

J..,...aJ1

':'P\.P-~r\~ - ~~\
(~\) o.f....w 4y.) r---" ~ js-W\

Y\f~\ ~ oJ ~ '1 (':'pl'p- ~.r: Jr - Jl

J~I 0" t.r! J,j~ ~Lh.l\ h..::..iJ\0.r: 'J..o"'.N- )
~ (Jl)--! ))fl- ('""""I ':'.r )

~~ / I~ /)~ J /Ij / j ..? / \.3- / y ~\ /1,;.:.\ / y:-\ IJ\ / 4\ / y.\ -

~I .p- ~ J'\..4 ~ -

J\..,a.o r )~I >l..:"~1

0" rl J,j~ )\y\ w) :La"'.N- ) tj r js-Ij
41 J\..,a.o .r: ~ ~ ~\ .p- ~ ~ ~ -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 2 of 44
 Of'1 J.>- 0r\hJ\ ~\ .w J 'J..o'J.>.J tj .r" tJ\...a.o ~ -

(vi) 0 y!..JJ:i 4y. J ~ ~ ~\ll\

J\...a.o ~ J ~\ ~~~\ ~ ('"""'\

J,j~ uil~1 ~ 'J..o'N- J ~ ~ <L! J~
41 J\...a.o .r. ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ ~ ~ -

~Jk p:i" ~J ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ ~~I ('"""'I -

J\...a.o ~ J of'1 J.>- 0r\hJI ~I .w J 'J..o'J.>.J tj f f- j.o i4 -
J\...a.o ~ J ~~I 0.r. 'J..o'J.>.J JJ.ft- 41 J\...a.o -

41 J\...a.o .r. ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ ~ ~ -

fWI ~.lI.1 e
~I J.>- ~ .J'l4 ~ - -P-~
fWI ~ .lI.1e J,j~ Jlyl .wJ 'J..o~ J tj f ~~ - o J-' JJ..I.I

(~yc::.o~J ~ .u\...aJ~) 0~1 J.>- ~.J'l4 ~ -

~~~J~~~IJ.>-~~~ -
fWI ~.ul e J,j~ ~~I ~ 'J..o'J.>.J ~~ <L! J~ -

\4 ~J ~ ~ ~\ J.>- ~ oJt.,;,l ('"""'\

J\...a.o ~ J of-I J.>-0r\hJI ~1.wJ 'J..o~ J tjf p:i"

fW\ ~.lI.1 e J,j~ ~~I 0.r. 'J..o'J.>.J JJ.ft- 41 J\...a.o -

~I

~I J.>-~ .J'l4 ~ - ~~
~I J,j~ uil~1 .w J 'J..o~ J tj f ~~ - 0\.,.111

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 3 of 44
 ~I J>- ~ J'\.4 j..J - ~
~/ T J>- 0yIb lliJ \ 4.a.I 1 .w) 4,."j.,s. ) t.if" ~ Ij - ~..u1
~I Aj'J >1.)1 ~ io"j..>.) y~ ~ J~ - ~lb

'4 ~) ~ .) y-S:JI J>- ~ 0)L!.J ~I ~lA

J\..A.o ~ ) e/' J>- 0ylblliJl 4.a.l1 .w) io"j..>. ) tj r? ;ij.J-

~I Aj'J >1.)1 ~f. io"j.,s. ) ))fl- .yj j\..A.o - ~\.kJ\

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 4 of 44

I
,

~.l-illl ylr~1 - The ylr! in three areas within s.""'"which are not present/clear, but are
therefore assumedlhypothetical. [)~ ,s."""~1rf ~'11tlj~1 .j ";,,,\,,'y\$. .# 'l
..;,..\..")\,J I 4J]

An r-'I where the last letter is an (iaj'l ...All),i.e. ~I ~I L.,a...jl

~I-'....wLS' :...Al~1j))~ ~I s.1j-",ia)'l ...Al4Of-I .j ~ y /-" r-'I )~I r-''ll]

[j~j")1 4.\.i.o~ u:!) ,\~I~' ...Al~1 o.u '-J.f.; 'l ).~I ) ~LS' :>t.JIj))~

~I ~ ~ uP\.. J.d - J3
of- I J>- 0 )..wl 4..a.JI .w) io'y\$.) t-~r Js-l! - ~I

Of-I ~ o)..wl ~I ~ ia'y\$.) y~ "-! J~ - ~~I

ylr~1 .j .J ~ 'l ,~I ~ ~ r. j.T - y

"f-I js- 0)..wl j) ~I "y. io'y\$.) (Y)~ ))ft- r-'I - L.a.AJI

d' pI - An r--"I where the last letter is a s.~ and the letter before it is )~, i.e.
~~I I$"\.¢I ~lAlI

"-4! .)~ ~ j)~Lyj- ,~i )1io)'l ~I~\j s.l:-!4:;.;.0 y f-" r-'I d' jLo r--"'ll]
[.)~ W \..j)~Lyj- ~\j >l:-!~Lf:j'l d...p ~ >I..c-'~I

~I js- ~ uP\.. J.d - JL

"f- I J.>- e )..wl 4.a.l1 .w) io'y\$.) t} yO Js-l! - ~lAlI
."
Of-I J.>- o~\.IiJ1~I ~ io'y\$.) Y~ "-! J~ - " \.¢I
I$"

ylr~1 .j .J J.'! 'l ,'-J PI Js- ~ y. j .T

"f-I J.>- 0)..wl 0.r-<.JI0 y. io'y\$.) (~)~ ))ft- r-'I -

Note the condition of the d'~ ~I J.>- ~ uP\.. J.d

without the >4, (o.f.;, - 0>48~) : J.>- 0)..wl 4.a.l1 .w) ia'y\$.) t} .r Js-l!
;ij)l$:1 >t.JI

.j.J ~ 'l ''-Jj:-JI J.>- ~ ~ j~ -

ylr~1

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 5 of 44
 ~)Jil.1 ~y-SJI or 'J..,.'f.s. ) (J!)--! ))y$- r--'I -
~ ).lS:1 ~L"ll J.>-

, e

:>/' ) (.;;~\.?- (;..J'j.j ~ .r.#1 ~4 ~

~\.1J1 -~ ,~')'J\) J.\~\ ~ y..u 01 - 1
i5:. ~I.i - ~ (\!L.a.o0~ 01 2
~I.i -.:.JL.. - ~ (4y.a.;.o0~ 01 3

~I ~4Jl Jw.l.1 - An r--'\ where the y\~! of the last letter is the ~\ ~4 - ~, and the

letter before it is J~.

~I J>- ~ ~Lo JJ -
0L.a.o.r J ~.r'Js- OJ..I.lI.I
~I wJ ~'"N-) tjr ~\!
4) 0L.a.o f. J.,! ~ 0j-<...JI Js- ~ J...a.::.o ~
0L.a.o .r ) ~.r'J>- 0J..I.lI.I~\ ~ M~ ) y y.a.;.oP.! J~ -
41 0L.a.o f. J.,! J- 0 ~I .
Js- ~ J...a.::.o ~
0L..a.o.r J ~.r'Js- o~\hll ~I ~ M'"N-J Y y.a.;.o(0\5:.. 0)-) ~ J~
0L..a.o .r ) ~.r'J>- 0J..I.lI.I0~I ~f. M~ ) J)f. 4! 0L..a.o -
4! 0L..a.o f. J.,! J 0 ~I Js- ~ J...a.::.o ~
- .

~\:'~I ~ .:J~j )\
.#1) I~I (1

O.r' Js- 0r\hll ~I wJ M'"N-J tJr I~ -

o.r' Js- 0r\hl\ ~1,wJ M'"N-) tjr Y -

(.#1~ ) ~~I r! j - iJlyi ) 0\S') &l\ Js- ~ ~\.i ~Lo JJ -

o.r' J>- o~\hll ~IWJ M~) tjr 0\S' ~I -

o.r' J.>- 0r\hll ~I ~ My\>. J yy.a.;.o 0\S' Y -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 6 of 44
•

c;.J.-\ ~ j ) tt"""~\ ~ Ij\yl ) 01) ~\ Js- ~ ~ ) J..?y ..jr- -

OfT ~ Qr\.!i.J\ ~\ ~"J..o'N-) y~ ~l tt"""\ - ~\

OfT Js- Qr\.!i.J\ ~\.w)"J..o'N-) t.Jr ~1~ -

~\ Js- ~ J'lo ~ -

"-!Jyb~~.J0~\Js-~~~ - u
ofT Js- Q r\.!i.J\ 4.aJ\ .w) "J..o"il>- ) t} r J>-Ij -

J>-L.ill~\,j (5

OfT Js- r\.!i.J\ ~\ o>~"J..o'N-3 J~ ~ J'lo ~ - ~

ofT Js- Q r\.!i.J\ ~\ .w) "J..o'N-3 t.~r J>-L.il\~\j -

y'.~'j\ .J .u ~ ~ 0 j-<...J\ Js- ~ r. ..jr-

OfT Js- ~r\.!i.J\ O~\ 0r."J..o'N-3 (~)--! )3ft- ~\ -

:r--" ":;;4~\

>-\..c:"'~\

~1 tt""'" (1
(?\ ~j 3 tt"""~\ ~ Ij\yl ) 0) ~\ Js- ~ ~ ) J..?y ..jr- -
OfTJs- 0r\.!i.J\ ~\ ~"J..o'N-) y~ ~1tt"""\ - ~,
OfT Js- 0r\.!i.J\ ~\.w)"J..o'N-) t)r ~l y.?- -

0\5'" y.?- (2

c#\ ~ 3 tt"""~\ ~j Ij\yl) 0\S',,>~\ Js- ~ ~\j J'lo ~ - 0\5'"

OfT Js- 0r\.!i.J\ ~\.w)"J..o'N-) t)r 0\5'" tt"""\ - J

~
W::J\
OfT Js- 0r\.!i.JI ~I ~"J..o'N-) y~ 0\5'" ~ - -'-4.lJ

"-!J~I(3

(~~~) ~ .u~~) 0~1 Js- ~ J'lo ~ ~

J>-1j~)~.J~IJs-~~~ - ~

OfT Js- 0r\.!i.JI ~I ~"J..o'N- 3 y~ "-!Jyb - d)JJI

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 7 of 44
 ~I Js- ~ J'lo ~ -

JL..a.o .r ) 0y:-1 Js- 0)..IAl1~I oW) ~~~ ) t} .r Js-~ - ,-!i

4) J\..a.4.r: ~ ~ W.,s:..JI~~~~
oy:-1 ~ o~\h.ll ~I ~ ~"J..>. ) '-!~ (WLojJ}» 4 J~ -

~I Js- ~ J'lo ~ -

oy:-T ~ o~\h.ll ~I oW):i.A"J..>.) t}r Js-~ -

Jl.Ao r) oy:-1 ~ of\h.ll ~I ~ ~"J..>. J '-!~ (wLS:.. J}» 4 J.;.M.
ofT Js- of\h.ll oy-5JI ~f. ~"J..>.)(~)---! )Jfl- 4) Jl.Ao -

W.,s:..JI~~41j1 -
(.!.l r.:..4 ~ ) ~ .J\..,Qj~) W.,s:..JI Js- ~ ...,"'1.0 ~

oy:-T~ 0r\h.ll ~I oW) ~"J..>. J t) r" Js-~

,-!If'Jl .J.J ~ ~ ,W.,s:..JIJs- ~.r: Jr
J.>- °f\h.ll 0y-5JI Of. :i.A"J..>.J (~)---! )Jfl- ~I -
o y:- T .;:...".,)\

oy:-T J.>- o~\h.ll ~I ~ ~"J..>. ) '-!.;~ de'J J~

,-!If'Jl .J .J ~ ~ ,W.,s:..JIJ.>- ~ r: Jr ...•
'-
oy:-TJ.>- of\h.ll oy-5JI Of. ~"J..>. J (~)---! ))fl- (t"""'1- .;
~\

(.!.l.r::-o~) ~ .J\..,Qj~) W.,s:..JI J.>- ~ J'Lo ~

Q;
.r
Js-~~) ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ ~ ~
,-!lf~1 ~ .J ~ ~ ,~I J.>- ~ ~ (J) Jr: - )

of1 J.>- of\h.ll ~I ~ ~"J..>. J '-!~ oW J~ - ~I

OfT J.>- of\h.ll ~I oW) 'J...o"J..>.J t}r t)\..a.4 ~ -

ofT J.>- o~\h.ll ~I oW) ~"J..>.)t}r Js-~ -

of1 J.>- of\h.ll ~I ~ 'J...o"J..>.J '-!~ J.lk.o J~ -
oy:-T J.>- of\h.ll ~I ~ 'J...o"J..>.J '-!~ ~ -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 8 of 44

I
 J\)..I (8
JW:.o r ) f" T Js-
Q 0j..Yil.14.;:JI Wj 'J,..~ ) t.i ~ IJ..:.:..o

41 JW:.o f. J$.J W~I Js- ~ J....z.o ~

J

fr'" ~ j J$ .J ~I ;i,.W-I) Q f" T Js- 0flWl 4.;:JI W J 4.0~ J t.i ~ tJW:.o

~ - I.A
(~) Q J!.J.j; Ijl,y. ..r-" ~ ~Uill

~f"1 Js- 0flWl ;i"dl ~ 'J,..~ ) ~~ J'-'"" -

~1(9

IJ..:.:..o ~JJ$.J W~I Js-~~~ lii

Q f"'1 Js- 0~\hJI 4.;:JI W j 4.0~ ) t.i yO.If'"~I ~I - r\

) .("

ylf~1.J .Jj J$ 'l (w ~I Js- ~ f. J.f'"

J)? ~I (~)~ f. J$ .J ~ ) ~I Js- ~ J....z.o ~ -
Qf"1 Js- 0~lWl ;i"d\ ~ 4.o'J1s- J Y ~ ~ -

~1(10
~\ Js- ~ J:'Lo ~ ~
~f"1 Js- 0~lW\ 4.;:J\ W 'J,..~ ) t.i yO~l! j - ~'J\b.!1

Y' } Of" T Js- 0flkll 4..AII .wJ 4.0~ } .u;;.. t.~~ ~ ) (y~l) J5'J11 ~ '-f p-" J$ y -
JL.,a.o

41 J\..Ao f. J$.J W~I Js- ~ J....z.o ~

W ~I Js- ~ •.\.;.';;;.....\
ol~\ -

Q/I Js- o~lWl;i"d\ ~ 'J,..~) y~ ('l1)~ ~ -

W~I Js- ~ •.I.,u J.f'" -

~f"1 Js- oflWl;i"d1 ~ 'J,..~) Jl..,Q..o ol,j~ y~ (.pl;..

~f" T Js- 0 flWI 0 ~I ~f. 4.0~ J JJfl- 41 JW:.o -

,y v I).).;? 1
s:.\..:"i..ll

41 JL.al1 (1
Js- 0flWl 4.;:J1W 4.0~ j t.i ~ iJ..:.:..o -
~f" T j 0Tyill

JW:..o ~ J ~f" T Js- 0flWl 4.;:J1W j 'J,..~ j t.i ~.If'" -

Qf"T Js- oflWl o~1 Qf. 4.0~ j jjfl- 41 JW:.o -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 9 of 44
 f. J? Jy.-ll (2
of- T J.>- 0yAlUiJI~I w) A".~ J tj .r L~ - y')\.6JI

~lr~I.).u ~ "1 ,0~1 ~ ~ f. J..r .)

of-T ~ oyAlUiJIQ~I Of. 'J...~J (.)---! )Jf. ~I - j-.a;iJI

Y-~) ~ .) (~I '):\.W:-I Y J

______ ~_~_~_I_.:r_...:;_\.;_
..J_.a._.\_1 1 1 ~~_'1_,_.:r_...:;_~_J!_·_)_,__ ----'

"
~I , .iill- i..l-JI
01~1
,
1-4JJ ~W:JI 01S' - 015' y- ys-i 1il1 - ~I

:.r)..JI ~- .I.! JyAil \?- yk. yWI 015' - 01S' ~I

~ U")..u.1 ~ ~ -Ji}w - 4 JyAil JP 1il1 01 - 01 y-

.I-..u.1
,
}--I .:r Ij Y ~I .:r ~ f- \.0 - J..\..:-~ JyAil "
.\\II ~ - ~t.ill

~IJ"':;r- AAo JyAil ~ 0'" JW~I ~ - ~t.ill ~\.i

~..l?~d} ..Lo\?-ifi - Jlkll JyAil

,
1~1j~1.$~ - JI.:l-I

~&~I\.ii- ~I
,
1.Lo\?-"11 ~ ~')\.6JI ~ - ~I 1il1 yl::5" ;)T.}ll - 41 JW:.lI
j..a.QJI .) y')\kj I - f. J.;>: J.r.-J.I

- Any r-'I which follows completely the ylrl of what has just preceded it.
Of this there are 4 types:

tj}1 -
ylr~I.).u~ "1 ,~I~ ~~~I J..r -

&1~~J'\.o~

of-T J.>- oyAl1..liJI~\ w) A".":}.>. J tjr ~Ij -

l.1I f- T J.>- Q yAl1..liJI

~I ~) 'J...":}.>. J ~ j r;i,.Q.p -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 10 of 44
 y~1 - AA.;:2.lI/~1

~fT ~ o~1kl1 4..aJI w) it.~) tjr t)~ ~ - ~

~fT ~ o~1kl1 ~I w) it.~) tjr ~l! - .I- ..u.1
J

~fT~o~IklI~I~it.~)y~~J~ - ~lhll

!AfT ~ o~1kl1 ~I ~ it.~) ~~ ~ -

))ftl -

\~ d) ~ ~ Wj:.-JI J.>- ~ O)L:;,) rl I~

j~ r) ~fT ~ o~1kl1 ~I W) it.~) tjr.P- -

o~1kl1 O~I or. it.~ ) 4) j~ -

!AfT J.>- o~1kl1 O~I!Ar. it.~) o))./.- ~ -

tj}1 -

~1~~J'Lo~

ofT ~ o~1kl1 ~I wJ it.~) tjr ~l! -

r) ofT .js- o~\.kll 4.aJI w) it.~ ) AA:;.. t.~.r' r )(~)I..6.lI) J.S'yl ~ i.?YN' J$ i -
j\..a.o

~I J.>- ~ J'Lo ~ -

~l! d) ~ ~ Wj:.-JI~ ~ O)L:;,) rl - I~

OfT ~ o~1kl1 ~I wJ A.o~) t}r J~ -

r) ofT .js- o.J"ll\.kl1
4..i:JI w) 4.o~) AA:;.. t.iT' r) U..lll) J.S'jll ~ <.#YN' J$ i -
j\..a.o

J
e

01-Ehrab.doc Page 11 of 44

I
 ~y.dl -

(~~~) ~ a.J\...aJ~) 0~1 J.>- ~ J'Lo ~ -

~\j~)~ ~ ~I J.>- ~~ ~ -
,,?T J.>- ~fllkll ~I ~ 'J..o"}s. ) ~ ~"-1 J~ -
~ J o? T ..? e~tkll ~I ~ 'M'}$.J .u::..y ~ ~ J (y~l) JS'yl ~ '-#.f---J-4 ~ Y -
JL.,a..

(~~~) ~ a.J\...aJ~) 0~1 J.>- ~ J'Lo ~ -

~\j~)~~~IJ.>-~~~ -
o?T J.>- ~fllkll ~I ~ 'A.:."}s. J ~~"-1 J~ -
Y' J o?T ,»- ~rtkll ~I ~ 'J..o"}s. J.ili.o y~ Y' J (j...L\I) ..IS'YItA '-f~ J..? y
J\...a.o
)

"
)J):I -

(~ ~ ~) ~ a.Jl..aJ~) 0~I J.>-~ J'Lo j.-j -

~\j~) ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ ~ ~ -
ylf~1 ~ a.J ~ ~ ,0 ~I J.>-~ f.' Jr -
o?T ~ Qrl.WI Q~I of.' 'J..o"}.>. J (~)--! )Jft- ~I -

Y' J "?T ,»- ~rtkll ~~I "f.' 'M"}s. J .ili.o)Jf. Y' ) (y~l) Jl.I tA
..IS' '-f ~ J..? y -
J\...a.o

(~~~) ~ a.Jl..aJ~) 0~1 ~ ~ J'Lo ~ -

~\j~)~~~IJ.>-~~~ -
ylf~\ J a.J ~ ~ ,0 ~I J.>- ~- f.' Jr -
-
o?T ~ ~rl.W\ Q~\ of.' 'J..o"}.>. J (J.>-)--! )Jf. ~I -

Y' ) o?T J.>-~rU:JI ~~I of.' 'J..o"}s. J .ili.o )Jf. r tA '-f~

J (,j...L\I)..IS')11 J..? y
J\...a.o

01-Ehrab.doc Page 12 of 44
 tj)1 - uibJI

&1 ~ ~ uPLo ...w

oy>-T ~ 4..a.l1 w) 'J,..'J..>-)
~yIIIlh!l t.~r~I.! -

ylfjll -J.u ~ ~ ,&1 ~ ~...AbJJ () Jf - j

JLAo ~ ) ey>-T ~ 4..a.l1 w) 'AA'J..>- ) tj

~yIIItl:J\ .r' (..Lo~) ~ J ~ -

41 JLAo r. u~ -J ~I ~ ~ ~ ~ -

y~1 -

&1 ~ ~ uPLo...w -
oy>-I ~ QyIIIlh!l
4..a.l1 wJ 'J,..'J..>-) tjr ~I.! -

oy>-I ~ QyIIIlh!l
~I ~ 'J,..')I,s.) y~ oI..! J~ -
ylfjll -J .u ~ ~ ,&1 ~ ~ ~ o Jf - )

JW:.o r )°y>- T J.>- ~yIIItl:JI~I ~ 'J,..'J..>- -' y ~ (1..Lo~) ~ J ~

41 JLAo r. ~ -J ~I ~ ~ ~ ~ -

))}.:I -

~.u.? c!) ~ -J &1 J.>- ~ ~,*""Ir'1 -

JW:.o ~) oy>-I ~ ~yIIIl.kJl
4..a.l1 w) 'J,..'J..>-) t)r Y>-J.o i~ -
°y>- T ~ °yIIIl.kJl0~I or. 'J,.."N- -' )-'ft- 41 JLAo -

ylfjll -J .u~ ~ ,&1 J.>- ~ ~ o Jr: -

JW:.o ~ -' oy>-T J.>- oyllll.kJl
Q~I or. 'AA'J..>- -' ))f. (..Lot;..) ~ J~ -

41 JLAo r. ~ -J ~I J.>- ~ ~ ~ -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 13 of 44

I
 t))' -
~lf~1 .J oj ~ ') ,&, J.>- ~ ~~I J.r -
~ 1 J.>- ~ ..f'Lo j..J
JLAo r )~I .:.r
~1..z"~1 ..;~ )I}I w) 4.o:N- ) C~.r ~Ij

41 JLAo .r. ~ ~ &' J.>- ~ J....z.o ~ -

f T J.>-~r\h.ll 4..d1 w) 4.o:N- ) t} .r J-4 -
~
~lf~1 .J oj .J~ 'i ,~I J.>- ~ ~~I J.T -
~I J.>-~ J'Lo j..J -
~Ij ~) ",ls! .J .:;~I J.>- ~ e )L,;.,1 r'
~fT J.>-0r\h.ll 4..d1 w) 4.o:N-) t}r J-4 -

~~I -

~fT J.>- 0r\h.ll 4..d1 w) 4.0')'1>-) t}r t)~ j..J -

(vi) ~y!..J.j;~Y.) .r--o ~ ~WI

J~ r )~I ~I:'~I .:.r ..;~ ...AJ~I

~ 4.o:N- ) ~ ~ 'l..! J~
41 JLAo .r. ~ .J &, J.>- ~ J....z.o ~ -
~fT J.>-0rl..\iJl ~I ~ 4.o:N- ) ~ ~ J-4

~fT J.>- 0r\h.ll 4..d1 w) 4.o:N-) t}r t)~ j..J -

(ui) ~y!..J.j;~Y.).r--o ~ ~WI

'l..! J~ ~ ~ ~ -:>~I J.>-~ e)L,;.,l r'

~fT J.>- 0r\h.ll ~I ~ 4.o:N- ) ~ ~ J-4 -

)).}.:I -

~..ui.o y.?- d) ~ ~ ~I J.>-~ ~~I r' -

JLAo r) ~fT J.>- erl..\iJl4.,QJ1W) 4.o:N-) t}r fJ.o i~
J~ ~i r )~I .:.r
~1..z"~1 ..;~ ~yl ~.r.4.o:N- ) ))fl- 41 J~
41J~.r.~~~IJ.>-~~~ -
ofT J.>- °rl..\iJl 0.r-<JI ~.r. ~:N- ) ))fl- J-4 -

o 1-Ehrab.doc Page 14 of 44
 , z

~..LQ.. y.:'- c!) ~ ~ &\ Js- .ro ~~\ tt"""'\ -

Jl.;::.A Y' ) ofT Js- Qfl.l:J\ ~\ .w) "J,..")\s. J tJ .r f Y i4

41 Jl.;::.A f. ~ ~ W j:...J\ Js- .ro 0 )~! tt"""'\

ofT Js- Qfl.l:J\ 0~\ Of. "J,..'"J>. ) )Jf. J-L! -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 15 of 44
 - in verbs.
~\ll ~I and r'JI ~ are both~. ()1...a.I.1 ~I is Y fw" unless it has 0 j)

or-JI 0j (~U~I and .J..$' .,-II 0 j then it becomes ~ i.e. j~~f/~~ (from Jwi

~I).

OfT Js- 0f\kll ~I oW) M'"N-.) (j r ()1..Ao ~ - ~i

(ui) 0f-J..Qj ~y.) .r-" ~ ~\..Ii.ll

"-! J~ ~ ~ ~ 0~1 Js- ~ o)~! (t"""1 I~

OfT Js- of\kll ~I ~ M'"N-.) y ~ J~ - :r)..ul

OfT Js- 0f\kll ~I oW) M'"N-) (j yo()1..Ao ~ - ~)

(Ul) 0f-J..Qj ~Y.).r-" ~ ~\..Ii.ll

o j'-JI Js- ~ ~ ) ,-?)..I..Ao J.T 01

ofT Js- 0f\kll ~I ~ M'"N-) (0;)~ y ~ ()1..Ao ~ ~I
(ui) 0f-J..Qj ~Y.) .r-" ~ ~\..Ii.ll

"-! J~ ~ ~ ~ 0~1 Js- ~ o)~l (t"""1 I~

OfT Js- of\kll ~I ~ M'"N-) y ~ J~ - :r)..ul

o F-JI ~ ~ ~?-) ~ J.T - (.i

"f T Js- 0 j'-JI <\.4 ?- 4..o").s..) «(.i)~ ~)f. ()1..Ao ~ - (.#1
(UI) 0 f-J..Qj ~y.) .r-" ~ ~\..Ii.ll

"-! J~ ~ ~ ~ 0~1 Js- ~ o)~! (""""I I~

OfT Js- of\kl\ ~I ~ 4..o").s.) y ~ J~ - :r)..ul

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 16 of 44
 yl..f'~1 ~\l.1
~
(~) ~f.~ Ijly. r-o ~ Js-WI) ~I J.>- ~ uPlo JA! - ~ J
oIb

Js-~<!) ~ ~ J'pi J.>- ~ J...a=.o ~ ~~\ ~~\ ) ~\ J.>- ~ uPlo JA! - )W \.J'
> ,
Js-Ij<!) ~ ~ Jr<...J1
Js- ~ J...a=.o ~ ;i.>.~1)1) ) ~I J.>- ~ uPlo JA! - IJ.W
~
(~) 0f.~ Ijly. r-o ~ Js-WI) ,~t:J1 4,0~ ~WI) ~I J.>- ~ uPlo JA! - cj~
~
~ ~ J'pi Js- ~ J...a=.o ~ ~~I ~I ) ,~t:JI 4,0~ ~WI) ~I J.>- ~ uPlo JA! - ~ \.J'

Js-l! <!)
Js-l!~) ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ J...a=.o ~ ("::"'\j~1
Jj) ~y-JI J~I s JPi J.>- ~ uPlo JA! - •
~ ~
Js-Ij <!) ~ ~ ~I Js- ~ J...a=.o ~ "WI) JPI J.>- ~ uP!,.. ~- ~ ~I
) eJ:-14,0~ ~I ) Js-I!<!) ~ ~ ~I Js- ~ J-z.o ~ "WI) JPi J.>- ~ uP!,.. JA! - \'Jl~ ~I
~~~I

eJ:-I4,0~ ~I ) Js-l! <!) ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ J.=o ~ ~WI) JPI J.>- ~ uP!,.. ~-

~ ~i
.?JJ.I
Js-I!<!) ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ J.=o ~ ~WI) J.>-
Jr<...J1 ~ uP!,.. JA! - ~ ..:..il
) eJ:-I4,0").>.~I ) Js-I! c!) ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ J.=o ~ "WI) JPi J.>- ~ uPlo JA! - I~l~ ~I
~~';I
eJ:-I 4,0;\>. J"pi ) Js-I! <!) y ~~I J.>- ~ J.=o ~ ~WI) JJ..>:...J I J.>- ~ uP!,.. J.-j - :;w
.. J.;i

~jll

Js-I! c!) y ~~I J.>- ~ J.=o ~ "W) J Pi J.>- ~ uP!,.. ..w - ~ i~ vi

Js-I!~) y ~J'pi J.>- ~ J-z.o ~ \j J JPI J.>- ~ uPlo..w - G.W ~

J" '; I

(~I) ef.~~y.) r-o ~ Js-WI) JPI J.>- ~ J"1..w- ~I

Js-Ij<!) ~ ~ J'pi Js- ~ J...a=.o ~ ~~I ~i) ~I Js- ~ ..w -

J"I )WI
,

Js-Ij<!) ~ ~ J'pi Js- ~ J.=o ~ ;i.>.~1JIJ J ~I J.>- ~ J"I ..w - I:,.WI

Js-I!~) -Y ~ J'pi J.>- ~ J-z.o ~ ~t>J.I ;:4 ) ~I Js- ~ J"i ..w - ~I
" ,

Js-I! c!) IJ~~ ~I J.>- ~ J.=o ~ ("::"'v~1

Jy) ~.r-J' Jj J J PI J.>- ~ J"i JA! - ~I

t)L.al1
Js-l! <!) ~ ~ ~\ J.>- ~ J.=o ~ ("::"'v~1
Jj) ~..,....JI
Jy) J'p\ J.>- ~ t)1...a.o JA! - ~

js-I! <!) -Y ~ ~I J.>- ~ J.=o ~ Jy) ~.r-JIJj )

("::"'\j~1 JPi J.>- ~ tJl...a.o JA! - #

01-Ehrab.doc Page 17 of 44
ylf~1 ..;:;t..~

~~I - For t)L-.d.1 ~ there are 3; taking their normal form as dictated by
Arabic Grammar:

- i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic
Grammar:

ylf~1 ~ .u ~ '1 ,~I J.>- ~ ~~I Jr: -

L..J..I JW~I ,y 4,j~4.A\1 .:r ~Lt ~"p1..;..,
~ w) 4.0~ ) tj r t)\...a.o j.,J - '. }
Uj..u..j

~Ij t!) ~ ~ ~~I J.>- ~ ~ ~ ~u.-I )1)

~ Jyui-o ~ ~ ~ o~1 J.>- ~ o)U,l ('"""'I

T J.>- 0r\k.ll ~I
~? ~ 4.0~ ) y ~ J-L! -

ylf~1 ~ .u ~ '1 ,~I J.>- ~ ~~I Jf -

L..J..I JW~I o" 4,j~4.A\1 .:r ~Lt ~"p1..;:;
~ w) A.t>';~ J tj .r t)\...a.o j.,J -
~Ij t!) ~ ~ ~~I J.>- ~ ~ ~ ~u.-I )1)

(j PI J.>- ~ ~ ) ,-?)..L..a.o J f
JW'11,y 4,j~~I .y ~y ~?
T ,y .)yJI J.J.,.. ~ 4.0~ ) (Jl)--! Y~ t)L.Ao JJJ -

~I

~Ij t!) ~ ~ (jPI J.>- ~ ~ ~ ~u.-I JIJ

ylf~1 ~ .u ~ '1 J.>- ~ ~~I

,~I J .r -
(j yUI J.>- ~ ~r. J ~ J r: -
JW'11,y 4,j'1.)PI .:r~yO? T,y .)yJI J.J.,.. d..4 r. 4.0~ ) (~)--! ~)f. t)L.Ao JJJ

~I

~Ij t!) ~ ~ (jPI J.>- ~ ~

~ ~u.-I JIJ

~PlJ.>- ~ ~1J.j Jf -

~I..LJ\ J.>- ~ ~ ~ ~\ J.>- ~ ~ ~.}-o 4$~l.:.A -

01-Ehrab.doc Page 18 of 44
 J.f.-JI J.>- ~ ~r. ) ~ J.r -
W.f.-JI if ~~ ~
/ T tj" UI)I) ;;J.,JIJ .r J~ A.o r. 4.0~ ) «(..l)--! ~)f. ()l..a..o ~

UP,) ~J..-w Ijly. .r-- ~ u~1.AJ1 ) (-,?)I)I .r!WI) /'11 J;.-..o <\i'1

-,?J....IAd1
,":-,lf~1 - The ,":-,IJ c.! here is not present/clear, but is therefore
assumed/hypothetical.

)-W

\.lyc!)~~~IJ.>-~~~ - r
~fT J.>- e)..illl 4.;d1 w) 4.0~) (}r C.r!WI) ()l..a..o ~ ~

y- d) ~ ~ ~\ u.J:.\) CY') eJ..-W \jly. .r-- ~ ~I.AJ\

W.f.-J\ J.>-~ «()I,...QJ.\ J.-A.l\ ~) ~ ) ~\.i J.r - 0f

~/TJ.>-e)..illl ~\ ~ 4.0~ ) (0f)-! '":-'.I~ (~\ c~\ .r!W\) ()l..a..o ~ - ~\

J.f.-JI ~ ~ ~r.) ~ J.r - ;J

~/T J.>-~)..illl J.f.-JI A.o r. 4.0~ ) «(.i)-! ~)f. (~\) ()l..a..o ~ - ~f

~Ij ~\.i - (j .r ('"""'I following J#, ~ in ()l..a..oj -J'Lo formats in substitute of the ~Ij.

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 19 of 44
 It is He is It was He
being writing written wrote
written

J)# ~~ -..
I ~).ul I I~I I :r).ul I EJ I~I 0
uU ~ J~.J
YIj ~
Js-Ij '\.!

I ~).ul I I~I I :r).ul I EJ I~I I t)Wu I

J)#
I ~~
~

2:"
I [8 ~)..ul
y~1
I QJ I JL I G
~u ~ J~ ~
YIj '\.!

(.r--o)
I Qg I
~)..ul
I QJ IJ~I I t)Wu I
In J~, the js-LJ is always dropped and the '\.! J~ takes it's place and becomes YIj ~u
with necessary harakah changes.
~J;ll~ - ~~I is y~ despite the transformation of ~ to ~. This is because ~~I is ~ J~.

If the <I.! J~ is a~, apply same (harakah changes) rules as above, and simply change the
~~Q ~O,
to it's equivalent yl~------------~;,
•

I.e. ~
<: I.' <- ',,!f'
~ '-"

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 20 of 44
 tjL..d.1 J.-All I I ~UI J.-All

I js-LQJI~u J# ~yb I I ~t...ill ~u J# ~yb

~ .r:--
-,1.,,11 ~:)~ ~j.lll~~ -,1.,,11 :.rj.lll ~L..

~ JU ~~I~~ ~
~~I ~L..

~ .r:--
0pl JW
) ,
~~I .)~ o .rJI '.I,',
~
~~\ .)L..

~ JW
>O J

~j.lll~~ ~).ll\ ~L..

~
-,1.,,11 ~j.lll ~L.. O_~k~
~
:.r ).ll\ ~L..
~IJI ~t.J ~~I~~ ~
o J

~~\ ~L..
Jt.J ~~I~~ y~1 ~L..
"Jt..i,
~j.lll ~~ ~).lll ~L..

0/1 J.>- ~~tkJ\ ~\ o~~ '4.4')..>. -' J~ ~ "-,,,,1.0 J...! - z..J-

0/1 J.>- ~~Ikll ~I,wj 'AA')..>. J t}r ~LQJ\ ~u - ~)..0\

,
0/1 J.>- o~tkJ\ ~I,wj 'AA')..>.) t}r J~ t)L:a.o J...! - ~;~
0/1 ~ ~~Ikl\ ~I ,w) 'AA')..>. J tj r ~LQJI ~li - ~ )..0\

0/1 J.>- 0 ~tkJI ~I os.~ '4.4')..>. ) J~ ~ "-""1.0 J...! - ~

~\f~\ ~ .u J.,! 'j 0 ~\ J.>- I..?:...:.o ~bJl s.W\ :.:..

(.:.Ji) I.AI f..~ 4~-' .r:-- ~ js-LQJI

01-Ehrab.doc Page 21 of 44
) J.} 4 J~ JS' .\!.} ~f ~ ) .v~ )\ 0\.0j 0W ~, ~ .f' -4 y~ \'""""
-

.4J~J.}JS' ~
(.D~ c!) ~ .u\...a.1~) 0~\ ~..r-.)='\.o ~ -

~\! c!) ~ ~ ~, Js- ..r- ~ ~ -

JL.a.o~) o.r""' Js- of\.kll ~I ~ 4.o"N- ) y ~ (01.ojJ.}) 4 J~
o.r""' Js- ofl..kll o~1 Of. 4.o"N- ) )).r:- 41 JL.a.o -

(.D~ c!) ~ .u\...a.1~) 0~1 Js- ~.)='I.o ~ -

~ljc!)~ ~~, Js- ~~ ~ -

JL.a.o~) 0.r""' Js- of\.kl' ~, ~ 4.o'N- ) Y ~ (0~ J.}) 4 J~
o.r""' Js- 0fl..kll 0~, Of. 4.o'N- ) (~)-! )).r:- 41 JL.a.o -

:,+-- ~J)pl~
4 J~ ~ ~ ~ 0~' Js- ~ 01.ojJ.} c.?
(.D~ ~ ~ .u\...a.1~) 0~' Js- ~ .)='\.0 ~ C?
~\!c!)~~~IJs-~~~ -

4J~~~~~\Js-~0~J.} - Jf
0.r""' Js- of\.kl\ ~\ w) 4.o'N- ) t.ir t)L.a.o~ - ~~lJ

(.D~ c!) ~ .u\...a.1~) 0~\ Js- ~.)='I.o ~ -

~ljc!)~ ~ ~I Js- ~~~ -

4 J~ ~ ~ ~ ~\ Js- ~ 0\.ojJ.}

0~\ Js- ~ JJ\.:.l\ -

(.D~ c!) ~ .u\...a.1~) 0~\ Js- ~ .)='\.0 ~

~Ij c!) ~ ~ ~\ Js- ..r- ~ ~ - J

.;:;

0.r""' Js- ofl..kll ~\ ~ 4.o'N- ) y ~ ~ J~ -

4J~~~~~\Js-~0\.ojJ.} -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 22 of 44
 JP\.)s- ~ .1"'1 ~ - ~I

(~\) "y!.-W 4y. ) r-o ~ ~\.Qjl

4.)J~~~.jJPI~~J\5:.J~ -

(,!)~ c!) ~ .uLaJ~)JPI ~ ~ J:''-'' ~ -

~\! c!) ~.j ~I ~ ~ J..a;;.o ~ -
4.)J~~~.j~I.)s-~J'-"jJ}> -

J Pi j.>- ~ .1"'1 j..J - ~I

(~I) 0 y!.-w ~y.) r-o ~ ~\.Qjl

4.) J~ ~ ~.j ~I.)s- ~ J\5:. J~

(,!) .r-" ~ ~ .uLaJ~)J Pi ~ ~ J:''-'' ~

~\! c!) ~.j ~I.)s- ~ J..a;;.o ~

:~ r.- )1 J'-")1 4l5' ~ J~ l: J pi J1 JL..a11- lo:"l u- Yy.) J pi J..i.:o: - J)JI.:f ~WI

(,!).r-" c!) ~ .uLaJ~)JPI ~ ~ J:''-'' j..J ~

~\! c!) ~.j ~I.)s- ~ J..a;;.o ~
c!) ~.j J)JI If' y\.i Y') "f' .)s- o.Jl1hl1~I ~ 4.o'J..>.) y ~ 4.)J~ -
, o}

JI..,;Q..

"f' ~ o.Jl1hl1
o~1 Of.' 'J..A'J..>.) ))ft- -.)1 JI..,;Q..-

~)

41 Jl.Ao
I I
~
Jl.Ao
I G ~~
I
j.s'f
~ 41
~L.,.,

jl.Ao
I I ~
jl.Ao
I G
~~
I pi
~
"-!J~ y. J a.) J~
j):.ll ,f -.,.JU

a..L..::JI

(,!)~ c!) ~ .uLaJ~)JPI.)s- ~ J:''-'' ~ -

~\! c!) ~.j ~I.)s- ~ J..a;;.o ~ -
J)i.U ~ Y') 0.r""T.)s- o~1hl1~I ~ 'J..A~ J y~ 4.)J~ ("'fi.?? I;...,j) ,:?I) -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 23 of 44

I
 (~~ t:!)~ .uLaJ'1) Jj:..J1 ,}>- ~ ~Lo ~ -

~l!t:!)~~~I,}>-~~~ -

4 J~ ~ ~ ~ J pi If ~li Jj:..J1 ,}>- ~ 0)L.:;.)

(""""I I~

~?I,)>- o.Jllll:J1
~I ~ 'J..o'J..>.) y~ J~ -

(~~ t:!) ~ .uLaJ'1) Jj:..J1 ,}>- ~ ~Lo ~ -

~l! t:!)~ ~ ~I,}>- ~ ~ ~ -

4 J~ ~ ~ ~ J pi If ~li Jj:..JI,}>- ~ oJL.:;.)

(""""I I~

~?I ,)>- o.Jllll:J1

~I ~ 'J..o'J..>. ) y~~ J~ -

(~r" t:!)~ .JLaJ'1) Jj:..JI,}>- ~.J'Lo ~

~l! t:!)~ ~ ~I,}>- ~ ~ ~ ..:,;

J

4.! J~ ~ ~ ~ Jj:..J1 ,}>- ~ (""""I

0)L.:;.)

~?I ,)>- o.Jllll:J1

~I ~ 'J..o"}..;.) y~~ J~ -

~I ,}>- ~ ~Lo j..J -

~l! d) ~ ~ J j-<...JI ,}>- ~ 0)L.:;.) (""""I I~

4..a.I1oW j 'J..o"}..;. ) tj
o? I ,)>- O.JlllkJ1 r J~ -

~..wl
(~~ d) ~ .JLaJ'1) Jj:..J1 ,}>- ~ ~Lo ~ - ~

~l!dJ~~~',}>-~~~ - ~
ylr'11 ~.J ~ '1 ,Jj:..JI,}>- ~ f. Jf ~

(J~I .:r tY!) (""""IJ.j'1Ofl,)>- 0rlkJl ~I ~f. 'J..o"j.s. ) (~)--! ))f. (""""I - ~I~

J~ d) ~ .J J pi If ~li sss- - ~}
Ofl J.>- O.Jllll:J1
o~1 Of. 'J..o"j.s. ) J)f. 4) J~ - ~4\
,

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 24 of 44

.- --- _ .... ----_ .... ----

1-
 - Expresses the place/time the action of the verb is committed.
J }» ~ if )..u.1 ~ : ..!.JJJ..1W\.4 j/ wl.S:.. J.>- ;iJ~J..U ,~I .:r J.,:. Y.. W\.4)II wt.5J.I (t"""1
(}-JI .:r) ~I ,W\.4) J}» ~ iJI}L....I .ft..u.1 (if}J:-I w~ ~I 'w~

..riW1 J-1l1 1 ~
• 0

-» J.>-
(

~ ~ )1 ~I r~ ()W:lI J-1l1 2
(

~Y ,(~r~j)~; - f~1 ~I J\!.I.Ij..J 2

(
(~/~j)
(J~/J?) "J~ - ~ Js- ..:;\.$ ~I ~~ ~I ~~.w 3
e~~ (
(Y)/yj.) Y.fo -
/ ~
(~j~)~ -

The plural form is (~c:....A)

~tdl ~~ (UIU) ~ ..l! 4

(

~ I J.>- rr uP \.4 j..J -

ofT Js- 0r\liJ\ 4..aJIw) 4A'}.$.) tj yo Js-Ij -

JW:.o ~) ofT J.>- er\liJI ~I ~ 'J...~) y~ (W~ J}» ~ J~

ofT J.>- ~r\liJI o~1 or. 'J...~) (~)---! ))ft- 41JW:.o -

~ I J.>- rr uP\.4 j..J -

J\.Ao ~ ) ofT Js- ~)..wl 4..aJIw) 'J...'}.$. ) tj yo Js-Ij - y\

41JW:.o r. ~ .j w PI J.>- rr ~ ~
ofT J.>- ~r\liJ\ ~I ~ 'J...'}.$. ) y ~ (W\.4) J}» ~ J~ -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 25 of 44
 - describes the instrument with which the action of the verb is carried out.

~
~/~'~~ ~~
,
(0))) 01~ <C:3) C~
(~tio) ~tio (~)y '~~ ~~ (e l) ~)~ - (~)~
/ / /

<~tio) ~tio (~)y (~~

J

~~ (~;.) S;..

---.JI - formed by adding Z$ to a noun. Denotes that a person/thing governed is

related/connected with the original noun. If a noun has ~ ending, this
must be dropped before adding Z$.
~)) - ~))

If a noun ends in li..s, this is changed to ) - C'

before ending.

:i.J'
.) .
\.?J-I

(;:3-1~ ) ~'11 c!y!. (u-::l) ":;Iyl ~) ,0 ~I Js- ~ ~j~1 -

\.0 ~I c!) ~ ~ 0~1 Js- ~ ~)L.:;.!~I

ofT Js- ofllkll ~I ~ ~'}$.) y ~ \.0 ~ -

ylf~1 ~ .J J,! '1 '~I Js- ~ ~ c» J r: - )

(;:3-1~ ) ~'11 c!y!. (u-::l) ":;Iyl ~) ,0 ~I Js- ~ ~j~1 - \.0

ofT Js- 0fl\k.ll 4..aJI .w) ~'}$.) tj .r \.0 ~I -

ylf~1 ~ .J ~ '1 ,0y-5JI Js- ~ f.' Jf -

ofT Js- 0fl\k.ll ~I ~ ~'}$.) <-:J ~ \.0 ~ ~ J,! ~ Jib ) (~)--! ))f. ~I -

y; ~ ~ J j:..JI ,js- ~ AJ~).I (~)~Y'r?J' ~ .J ~ ~ J j:..JI ~ ~ y; J f (~) -

))f. ('"""I

ylf~1 ~ .J J,! '1 Jj-P y.1 u.,.:, -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 26 of 44

I
 "

'-"J - either/or. Four conditions of usage. Note, the second LaJ of the pair is always preceded
by)!
4-<..:.11 La! -

~f"T J.>- ~rl.hJ\~' w)"J..."N-) t.ir i~ - ~t;..

U. ~ ') ~JJ\j - La (~j~ ..b r- .j.r - e

0! ('+.-! W.L.o (La) J (0!) .:r ~ j.o

0

- ~1
,
~
f" T J.>- ~r I.hJ1~ \ w) "J... "N- J t.~r Jf" J:-!.r
Y\r~\ ~ .u ~ ') (~I J.>- ~ uihll U) .j.r - j

u. ~ ') ~JJ\j - La (~j~ ..b r- .j.r - J! ('+.-! W.L.o (J!) .:r ~ j.o
(La) ) - ~!
.j~ (}\.....A f" T
LaJ J) U3:-~~ J.>- ~rl.hJl ~\ w) "J..."N-) t.~.r Jf" - } \.....A

~\ Laj-

~r:T J.>- 0rl.hJ\ ~\ w) "J..."N-) t} r l~ - ("""'')1

U. ~ ') oJJ\j - La (~j~ ..b r- .j.r - o

0! ('+.-! W.L.o (La) ) (0!)

0

.:r ~ j.o - ~!
~
f" T J.>- ~rl.hJ\ ~\ w) "J...'>~J tj r Jf" - y/""

Y\r~\ ~ .u ~ ') (~\ J.>- ~ uihll U) .j.r - j

U. ~ ') ~JJlj - La (~j~ ..b r- .j.r - e

0! ('+.-! W.L.o (La) J (0!)

0

.:r ~ j.o - ~1
.j~ (~ La) J) U3:-~~f"T J.>- ~rl.hJ\ ~\ w) "J..."N-J tj r Jf" - ~

~
f" T J.>- ~rl.hJ\ ~I w) 4.A"N- J tj r t)L..a.o j.,J -
(~i) ~J!..;j; 4y. J ~ ~ ~LQjI

~ ~ ') oJJ\j - LA (~j~ ..b r- .j.r - J! (~ W.L.o (La) j (J!) .:r ~ j.o

~f"T~ ~rl.hJl ~\ ~ "J..."N-J Y ~ 'I.! J~

Y\r~\ ~ .u ~ ') (~\ ~ ~ uihll U) .j r:
~ ~ ') oJJ\j - La (~j~ ..b r- .j.r - J! ('+.9 W.L.o (La) J (JP .:r ~ j.o

.j~ (~~J')\ La! J) U3:- ~~f"T~ 0rl.hJ\ ~I ~"J..."N- J Y ~ 'I.! J~

~~I LA)-
~ ~ ') ~JJlj - La (~j~ ..b r- .j.r - o

0! ('+.-! W.L.o (La) J (0!)

0

.:r ~ j.o

ef"T ~ ~rl.hJ\ ~I w) "J..."j,s. J tj .r t)L..a.o j.,J

(~i) ~J!..;j; 4y. J ~ ~ ~LQj\

ylr~1 ~.u ~ ') ~I ~ ~ ~~)10j

'l.!J~~~~0PIJ.>-~~~

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 27 of 44

I
 ylf~1 .J .u "'~ 'l ,~I J.>- ~ ...A.bJ.l (J) J? -
, .
~ ~ 'l OXI) - lo ,~)G:- .b.r- J? - 0! ,~w...L.> (lo) ) (0!) .:r:i..ciJ y -
o.f"-''»- o~tkll4..aJl.w) ~~) tjy t)L.a..> ",W -

(lii) 0f..~ ~y.) ~ ~ ~Wl

JF (!l))} lo!) U3:- J~

~A.! ~ ~.J ~\ ,»- ~ ~ ~ -
A!~I - definition indicating a precise noun - ~ }1 :.r )J.11 ~L::5J\ ~~I I~ ~ ..::...ii
°~ .:r )1)1 ..::..-;5.:r >WI yo ..::...it \.il - (~) - ~I

>'l~ ~ o~ ,..:.lb I~ - (~) - o)1.!t~1 rl

~~I ~I ~~I ~~I-(~) - Jj-P y.1 r'll
)

, . U 1- U O~~IO~I
~ - 4.J"'.) - - (~) -

4. - >1..w4~t,;..~ 'l A!~I ~~J 4. - ~~I J.,¥ o~ >1..w4o~~1 y.? O~I loi >1..w4

l!1;.:-

JJI ~ ~i - (Yf-4) - ~I
J

~ }I yL::5JI - (Y f-4) - (JI)--! J$I

ylS' J:li JJ A!.;All .:r C.f"- ~~I ylS' I~ ylS' ..Lot,;.. ~lS' A.!lS'- (Y~) - A!f-4 J! JL.Al.I
o" )"UI

,-",)..Lo ~ ~lb ylS' - 0~ o.f.:. J! JL.Al.I loi

,

o ~I - in-definition indicates an indefinite noun - J.,:.) ylS' ~G:-

A!L.p~1~ ~rJI J~ ~I ylS' I~ ylS' I~

A!L.p~1~ ~I 0j J~ ..Lot,;.. ~ ~i ~0~I~i

, /

A!L.p~1~ ~I 0j J~ ..Lot,;.. ~ ~i) W'? ~i)

, /

A!L.p~1~ ~WI .?.ill ~I 0j J~ WI I J-"')..Lo >G:- ~ J-'" )J.1I > G:-

A!L.p~1 ~ ~WI .?.ill ~\ 0j J~ ~I ..,r)..Lo,y- ~i ~ )J.11,y- ~i

(!l.ro ~J ~ .uL.aJ'l)0~1,»- ~.}'t.. ~ -

~\!~) ~.J ~I,»-~ ~ ~ - ..:..>

J

~ Aj~ 0 yJI JJ,;.. .wJ ~"'J..>. ) JL.a..> r ) ~ Aj~ d.) I ~ ~~ ) y~ J~

A.!

o.f"-' J.>- o~tkll o~1 or. ~'N-) 41 JL.a..> -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 28 of 44

I
 ~I Js- ~ J:'lo j..J -
(~) ~f-JAJ Ijly. ~ ~ Js-l.i!1

;ij~?1j 0.,JI ..:,j~ -' fL..JI j' .ill c? .vi.; -,Iyl w) "J..."J..>. -' tj J" Js-I.! -

~fT Js- 0rl.k.\l O~I ~y."J..."J..>. -' 41 JI...,Q..o - ~I

[ -r') ' +' \5".)

• ~ = (-,? 1:...'1_)1
or:. ~ ]
.; -,.. ,..

\.::.l$'/'%'- both (of), the two - ~-4~ l}\;;.I.S'" ~~ l},,)1S' - ~ l}l.oA.o ,~~ ~ 0~1

yo -' ~4 ~ .vi.; 4.aJI 4f ~~ Jli.;1 w) "J..."J..>. -' t) J" I~ ~~ ~ l},%,

JI...,Q..o

41 JI...,Q..o y. ~ ~ 0PI Js- ~ J..a.::.o ~ - l} 0f-J.l.1J.:.>. l}\.::.l$' 0~tb.l1~'

~0IJ-4~1

~4 ~ .vi.; ~I If ~\..:.i ,.\.)I ~ "J..."J..>. -' Y~ ~ J~ lo~"l$' ~') .~ ~,;;. )"uI ~') t
41 JI...,Q..o y. ~ ~ 0PI Js- ~ J..a.::.o ~ -l} ~ ~ ~~ 0Y)y.JI ~I

- That
1!11J/1!11~ is. Used for ~ only
I~\.:...ii ~ 01~l} ~ -,?~/I~vi ~ pJJ/~ ~}l ~~
-,?~.:....it ~ 0\.j l} ~ I~r~ ~\.5 0':!~ 04\.5 01~ ~\.5 I~
,
01~\.o.;;.i\~ ,.~..,I~~ -,?~</' ~ 0Y)~ 0Y~ 0iJ L.,., 0\.j~
) "
o)~~~
0\.j\.o.;;.iI~ ,.~-,\~~ ~~~ 0t.JJ 1!11~ ~ 1!.1b
,
there he is ! - I~ yo ~ here I am - l..uk <- I~ vi ~ ~)..L4 ~ 0L-;.....)..L4
I!1IJ L)..L4 ..!.U.J

~~I lloJ.-I - starts with an ~I - constituted by r."' .., i~.

I .~ I I . I EJ ~I I II
:L"~ ~A~I I
01 .
.? 0) ('"""I r."' I~
~ vi L)..L4 ~~ JP ~I - ~r~1
(~~) ~f-JAJ {Iy~ ~I} -> {~J? Iy~ ~f -'}- J..,).o )~
(lAlyl .., (~!)</' ~4 ~I J fi.;1 - { ~) JP 11 ~!}- j.UJ4 ~ Jf

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 29 of 44

I
 ~I ~I - starts with a ~ - constituted by J>-Ij YU/J>-Ij.

I l$~ I I ~)I I I ~f I ~ I ~~ I
~ ~i~1 ~ J>-Ij ~

~i
~I c.Aik- (~/~)~\J~

(lAlyi ) (~lS"') t/' ~LJI JW~I) \~)4 ~I ~lS"'- (JolS"' JJ-) ..,a!u ~

J>-\A.l1
r-"~I - derived noun indicating action of verb or it's behaviour - ~ LA ;iJ~.ill t~ ~I

~I

~ - ~ ~ - [(he is) writing] ~15- - ~~ ~)) .}>- :J.rt- i$~1 ~ ~

J~I ~~I - derived noun indicating element undergoing action of verb -

~I ~ ~ J LA J.>- ;iJ~.illJ~ ~I ~\ ~ t~ ~I

:..,.~5:.;- ~ ~ [written] - y~ - J~ ~)J .}>- :J.rt- IS~I ~ o"

/ -

~ ~I - ~..u\A.l1
6..! ~ I$.ul ~..u-I jib y.J-I ) ,~ ~~ I$.ul ~~I jib i~1 (~\s.j r) - y.J-I ) i~1

~ (J.?") -1.ili 'J.?".wl J';; ~t J.J..j) ,I..~ (~I) hlJ ,~I d'..!J~ ~i J.J..j ~I o~ ~

i~1 (Iji (1
YJ~ 4.1- L.fl I.:Adfol ~r~l-
{l.Sp ~}i # 0\} J)y)~ -

:A.;~I :i.b~1 -J W' ;ijr- ~~ ~t f~1 -J ~~I - 0 fo ) t~1 ~fU (2

~~..l!) ,e~1 ~I C\::A.4 '~I yl£ ~T}JI (1) ~ ~I J}- ~ I$.ul ,~ I~ <r).M ut , ;i 2»1JJ--") ~
:,+-- .b)~ ~pt~1
i~1 .}>- ~~ ~i ) ())}:I ) )~I ) J pi - ~I ~ :JI)I) ~ Y y.J-I ~~ ~t (I

~ (~)..j pi J i~ (~)~) - ~)~ U..L;.>.-

~ (J) )Jftl ) )V-I J i~ (c.l> - Cl J -

(":;';I.f.; ~~~I s-~i J) ~~I ~I 1~1 ~~ ~t (~

~ (~) )J}:I J )~I ) i~ (LA) ~~I ~I - ~~ LA -

~ (J:-!.r) ) i~ (~) ~~I ~I - ~r ~ -

~ (j..aAJ1 -J) ) t~ (~) ~~I ~I- ~I -J WI.b ~ -

;YO).M t ;
~ \:::...ii ~)~ J .;YO).M \:::...it
:.#I.}>- f~1 ~~ ~i ~~I - .#1 J I~I '-:-;Jj (3

~J:-!.r ~ ~ .!..4 LA - ~~\ ~I ~lS"' I~l t~1 ~~ ~i ~ J

~ ":"u1,:.- 4' ~~I LA - ~~I ~I ~lS"' 1~1y.J-I ~~ ~l ~ )

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 30 of 44
 ..L4~ ~I :~i . ..L4~ :~I,y- J.l J~
jH .•.• .i..1;;.,l1 J~ jy:c.J ~ ;:J--I~15"'I~l- i..l;;.,11 J~ (4
;:J--I tljl (1
,
0""jll 01yO 0""jll - (Ua:- ..,...) ~l) ~}-o-
- -
~)y .j ~ j'p" (~\ 1.0) ~~I ~I - ~ ~I 1.0 fl..L!.\ - ~I'p" -

~)y .j ~ j .p" (~) ~ ~I - ~ ~I ) -

~)y .j y~ ~ j .p" (~) J):.II - .;.;4--'11 ~I.ll\ ~ UI -

~)y ~~j'p" (~) ))fil j )~I - ~.MJ..I-

:~ i..l;;.,11 ;:J--IJ-!~- l~ ~\.6..-

fo
~I::>- ~IJjj \j ) ~ l.a.lA.o J...aAl I '-! '-! ~ .rJ L:o:-
y'J\.W I ) ~ Ij ;"')..L!. I - ~I j ~ ) ~I)~I -

~t::....).Lo L}I.-:.:.!j ~\..r.1J L}~I ) ~ J.:;;o:- jj j ::r-4- ..L4~ - ~lJ\ j .;? ..wI J -

..La.o "'
~'il JA ~
:i.!yU JP ~I
}L:o:-I~
?Y :i.!yU A.,.%'~
Ua:- ~;:J--I j o.f.; 1..1;;.,11~§J ?Y o.f.; -) -
oW,!)J.:>.
Ua:- ~ .#1 ) o.f.; \..1;;.,11~ §J f"y o.f.; ~ ~", ~I ~ I
-
~~I ~\ i..l;;.,11 ~ §J
~
..La.o o.f.; ~~~::,..
~~I ~I ;:J--I~§J f"y :i.!yU ~c.;l ::,..

~'i\~ ~..La.o ;ijf\-"* ~y-Iy~0f

<'~ 'L.:-.c ~flJ.j;j ~ ~, *)

~ ~ __. _' IJ_I_J~o ~_~_I 1

Ua:- ~ Ua:-/ ~}-o-~j 1 .#_· _I I

~~ ~:.I- J.H
.••" J J

(J») Ua:- ~ fl..L!. I J.:>. ;"')..L!. I

(jjfll j )~\) Ua:- ~ .
~\'~~\ 4.}.
}

~\Ua:- ~I~~\

~Ua:- ~
.
~15"'1.0 ~
. . - ~)\....I~I
,

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 31 of 44

I
 If you have 2 ;ij.r" in a ;;~ ll.3:-, then the 1st is a IJ;y and the 2nd is a .Jf'-. If positions change

then the y1r! changes:

-----Ji11 i..l;.:-U .Jf'-

~ I I ~ I I_Y_'l I 1_i._G- I I ~l I 1~.l.P I 1~.l.P I [2J

l.l:.:lI .p- i?WI l.l:.:lI

i?WI

~.r
T Js- ;;rlliJ1 4..aJI .w) 'J..o"J.>. j t}.r \J;y -

~ I Js- c.P' .f'LA ~

~ ) ~ .J .p- ~I ;i,.W.I j ~
(~) ~.I-';;;; IjI,y; ~ ~ ~t..iJI

0.rT Js- o~lkJI 4..aJI w) 'J..o"J.>. j t.~r JJ'jl i.l:.:ll -

J\...a.o~ j ~I ~~i 0'" .u~ jlyl w) 'J..o"J.>. j t} r i?WI i.l:.:ll yi

4! JLA,.. f. ~ .J ~I Js- c.P' ~ ~ - J
o

l.l:.:ll Y (~ ~
yi) ll.3:- j \.~.rT Js- 0rlkJ1 4..aJI w) 'J..o"J.>. j t} .r i?WI i.l:.:ll'p- -

d) ~ ~ Jj~I

\~! - if, whether, when, whenever. J y--l:> embodying a condition. Used mostly with .f'LA ~,

transforming in meaning to the future.

J ,

Yl,r.' ~ ~, ":'1~1

Also used with t)\...a.o~. It is permissible for the answer to the condition (.,1,.rJI yly.) to be

I~~I~I
t)LA,.. ~.

~J#1~1
I ~J~I;! I
U'" j)J.lI

.,1,
.rJI .,1,.rJI <-:-i'y.

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 32 of 44
 j, ?I yly. must be prefixed by (4.Iy+:-1 ,~Iy+:-I ~Ij ,~}I
~t...i.ll ~Ij) in the following situations:

~~..r
-?~~..;llL..., I~l)} - ~I U3:- j,?1 yly. 0~ 01 (1

{~}
~ yo d- Jt.~1..Lol,;.-
~I) I~)- y"~1- ~I tljl ;r) \~ ~ .b?1 yly. 0~ 01 (2
}-JI

~ .u J)\ bW ..Lol,;.-
~G:-bl - ~~'11 -

«G ~ ;r»
I·~·'- - (defective)I..LoG:- 'M 0~ 01 (3
{~ Ijy! jlj :ill .u J-') ) ~I ~ ;r )} - (JJ)-1 0~ 01 (4
y~1 W :J)):JI ~ ~ - ~WI (~)-1 0~ 01 (5
{iif'll ~ L)~;}! y ..I.1I ~ .1-)--1~;r} - (,l)-1 0~ 01 (6

~W ')w 01 - (0':-")-1 0 ~ 01 c7

{~U0) ~;r ~I~ J.rJ ~ ~ 01} - (J~)-1 0~ 0\ (8

{~u-oWI ~ ~t5:!JP)~I ~ ~W)I '~~
,
l.....Q.j ~;r .vI}- (wtS-)-1 0~ 0\ (9

The j, ?I ~Iy. will not be ~)fl- if preceded by ~t...i.ll.

However, the ~Ifl for it will be ~.r:~ ~

0~1 Js- ~ ~jG:- yj-.b ~ J~ -

.b?1 ~ r) ~I Js- ~ JPI.o\"Iw -

ofT Js- ii~lWI 4..,a.l1 .w) "J,;,':}.>.

j tY! y" ~Ij -

ofT Js- ii~lWI ~I J~

o~~"J,;,':}.>.) ~ JPI.o~

0~1 Js- ~ ~\; J.r

Jl.Ao r )ofT Js- ii~1.li.\14..aJI .w) "J,;,':}.>.
) tY! y" ~Ij~li -

ofT Js- ii~lWI ii~1 of."J,;,':}.>.)41 Jl.Ao -

~If:;ll.j ~ ~ '1 j,?1 yly. (U.I Yly.1 .::...:.d) ~I ~I

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 33 of 44

I
 ~~I Js- ~ ~j~ ~ 1.r- jr - I~l
1..rJI j.,J r J of-I Js- 0~\hI1 4..aJI.w) ;i...~ J tj .r" t)L..a.o j.,J - ~

(~t) 0y!.J.A; 4y. J .?-" ~ ~WI

ylf?J1 ~.u y '1 (~~I Js- ~.r. j r ~

Of-I Js- o~\hI1 o~1 0r.;i...~ ) (~)--! )Jf. rl - IJ"J).u1

o f-I Js- 0~\hI1 4..aJI.w) ;i...~ J tj r t)L..a.o -..W &

ylf?J1 ~ ~ y '1 1..rJI yly. (&) ~I ~I

(~i) ~y!.J.A; 4y. J .?-" ~ ~WI

;i...~) yl~1 J! r ~ - ( ~~-,?I) ~ (y ~ ~)..o)~~I Js- ~ ~~I r-"I - ~~'11 ~

(- ~~'11
(i)) J.-.A.Ll ~..li.o ~ J~ ~ Y ~~~I Js- ~ ~~I rl -

Of-I Js- of\hll ~I ~;i...~ J y~ p;i -

(!l ~ ~ ~ .u\..aJ'1) ~ ~I Js- ~ J"1.0 -..W - i
I';
.

Js-~c!) y ~~I Js- ~ ~ ~ -

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 34 of 44
 r. J.;>. (~) ..:;,.;'y. 1~1 0.r. jy.;

~I Js- ~ .r.J.r - y
.r. J.r (~)-1 .r. ~ ~ 0~I Js- ~ ~~I 1""""1 - ;..s-
~/ 1 Js- ~r \.b.!1 hr..::.iJ1 ~ "J..."fi>. J Y ~ p.;i - -':i4)
(,!)~ ~ ~ .u\...aj':i) 0~1 Js- ~ ~lo j.,J - ~?I

ylj~)~~~IJs-~~~ ~

~/"1 Js- ~r\.b.!1 hr..::.iJI ~ "J..."fi>. J Y ~ .I..! J~ - y~1

(! - )WI "J..."fi>.) yly..1 Jl r.~ ':i - ~I ~.wl .I..! ~ ()Jf- el ~).o) 0 ~I Js- ~ 1""""1
- ~.#I ~

J\...a.4 .,I' J (I) jJt.ill ~..\i.4 .I..! J~ ~ ~ ~ 0~I Js- ~ ~LS 1""""1 - ;..s-
o/" 1 Js- ~r\.b.!1 0~\ 0.r. "J..."fi>. J )Jf- 41 JW:..o - y\£

(,!)~ ~ ~ .u\...aj':i) 0~1 Js- ~ ~lo j.,J - i)

ylj~)~~~IJs-~~~ ~

L~~) ~ ~ 0~1 Js- ~ ~LS 1""""1-

ylr~1.u ~ ':i (0~1
~ Js- ~ r: J.r
Js- ~r\.b.!1 o..,....sJ\ 0r."J..."fi>.
~/"I J (~)-1 )Jf-I""""I -

J\..AA ~) ~ ~ ~I Js- ~ 0\5:.. J>

.P"~) ~ ~ (,!)~) U? J 41 JW:..o (~)-1.r. ~ ~ ~I Js- ~ ~ ~ -
J

~ 4 y~1
)

>\A e - ~)\A
.? lA .? lA ~).o- ~\A .(l;;.) ~ JJJ 1""""1- ~I IA

c.J Y e - 0j\A
J

o y1 4 y\£.)1 ~)\A c.J Y ~).o- .}IA

(l;;.) ~ ~I Js- ~ .;41 JJJ 1""""\ - >\A

(~i) ~y.!~ ~y.J .r--"~ ~UiJI

0/1 Js- 0~\.b.!1 hr..::.iJ\ ~ "J..."fi>. J Y ~ .I..! J~ - y~\

Y\r~\ ~.u ~ ':i ,0~\ Js- ~ >1.Li J.r - ~
>IJ.JI Js- ~ ~ ~ ~I Js- ~ ~ ~j.o"pI.;.. - ~

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 35 of 44

I
 not; J5'4 ;-J- he did not eat; he has
not eaten
~.i""T~ ~~I d.or. ~~ j (~)-! ~jf.- t)1...i:1.o J..! - ~
(~I) 0 f..~ ~y. j r--- ~ ~UiJI

~\ ~ ~ J.r .1.rJI yly. ~ WI) - ;:j

~~I~~~r.)~J.r - ~
~.i""T ~ ~ ~I ~ v: ~~ j (~)-! ~jf.- t)1...i:1.o J..! F
(~I) ~f..~ ~y.) r--- ~ ~UiJI

when, at the time when, as - ~~ ~.f-JI ~ ~ ~r. ) ~ J.r - W

~~\ 4f ~L; ~.i""T,:r (~I.)I)
u,JI J.r J.,l:..~r. ~~ j (W)-! ~)f.- t)1...i:1.o ~ A
.i""~1Jao c,j:';

(~i) ~f..~ ~y.) r--- ~ ~UiJI

o\! JJ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~I Js- ~ JJ-PY ('"'""I - ~

~I Js- ~ J'~ J..! - fl

o\!J~~~~~I~~J..=o~ - ~

.P ~ ~I j ~\.iJ1 J..! ~ J;--..u 'f:';1 ¥ j ~~ j t)l..d.\ ~I Js- J;--..u 'f:';\ ~~~.u(J;:.~)

t) ,~UiJI
j ,)1)1 ~ j-; j o)~ r~1~~.l:.IIl ~ ~ c,j\5:.. ~ ylb
" ,;:;

~\ Js- ~ Jr: f~\ ~~ - J

0.i""TJs- ~J-<...J\~r.4.0~) (f~1 ~~)-!~)f.- t)1...i:1.o J..! - ~
(y;) 0f..~ Ijly. r--- ~ ~UiJI

ylrtt\ ~.u ~ ~ ,~~\ Js- ~.r. J.r ~

y;) 0.i""' J.>- o~ll:JI O~I ~.r.~~ ) (~)-! ))ft- ~\5:..J Ji:'
J\..AA - ~\5:..
41 J\..AA
.r. ~ ~ ~I Js- ~ J..=o ~ - ~

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 36 of 44

I
 iJ" ~b-i Cfi ~ ~~ ~ .L3-i 4 - ~:I.) ~\;oJ.\) ~W\ tJ\...Q.l.\~\ Js-~.v .~LJ\ ~ ~h (~~)

~I

no! don't! Js'G ~ - don't eat! W."s:....JI Js- ~ j. J.r - ~

o.f""T Js- W."s:....JIJ..o f. 'J..o~ ) (~LJI ~)~ ~)f. tJL.a.o..,w - ~

e~i) o,J!...w4y.) .?--" ~ J"LQJI

JL.a.o Y') ofT Js- or\k.ll h.,;;A)1 ~ 4.0~ ) Y ~ "-! J~ - ~

41 JL.a.o .r: ~ ~ ~\ Js- ~ ~ ~ - !l

~LJI ~ ) Y"~I - ~I tlji ,y ) '~f. ~ c!) \~!

,-!Iy. tJ\...Q.l.I
w."s:....J
I Js- ~ Y"I ..,w :rJ~i
e~i) o,J!...w4y.) .?--" ~ J"LQJI

ofT J.s- W."s:....JI~ f. 'J..o~ J e:r J~I) ~~ J

~Jf. tJL.a.o ..,w ~

(~i) o,J!...w4y.) .?--" ~ J"LQJI

W."s:....JI Js- ~ j. J.r - ~

ofT J.s- W."s:....JI f.J..o 'J..o~ ) (~LJI ~)~ ~)f. tJL.a.o..,w - J.-.s::;
(~i) o,J!...w 4y. J .?--" ~ J"LQJI

until, till, up to, as far as, to - eJ! ,01 J!) ,Jl ;iJ? .r. J.r - 0 J~I ~
OfT J.s- oyAl\k.ll~I wJ 'J..o~ J t.#Y" ~~.P- - ~~

f).4 I~~)~ ~ ~I J.s- ~~~ .,I'

w."s:....JI Js- ~ (Jl) ~ .r: J.r - ~

JL.a.o r ) ofT Js- 0yAl\k.ll o.r>JI 0.r. 4.0~ J e~)~ )Jft- ('"""I - F
ofT J.s- 0yAl\k.ll o.r>JI 0.r: 'J..o~ J )Jft- 4! JL.a.o - ~I

so that, in order that, that, in order to, - 0~ 0~ tJL.al1 ~ ,~I ~ .r. J.r - a.).).dl ~
to, as, with a view, for
ofT J.s- 0r\k.ll ~I .wJ 4.0~ J t.# r t)L.a.o..,w - :.,.)~i

('u I) o,J!...w 4y. J .?--" ~ J" LQJI

ylf'jl ~ .u ~ ~ ,w."s:....JI Js- ~ J-)N J.r: J.r - ~

~I ~ 4.oj~ J (01 J!) JI (-.f) ~ ~I e~) ..lit.! 4y.) (01)~ y ~ tJL.a.o..,w - C11
oy:-T Js- 0yAl\k.ll

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 37 of 44
 ~..L:...JI - calling to one who is mourned or to a ~ ~
cause of pain
~ ~I - one who is mourned, stricken (0 I "~ I
death.
~ - to distress, afflict, pain, agonise, torment, \.S~l.:.o (y..ui) d- y ~
make suffer ~I

~ e::- y.-11 - the cause of pain, the place where <\..:.4 e::- ~
disease and
suffering are located. ~) - pain, ache, I4l
suffering, agony, anguish ~
\.S~l.:.o (y..ui) d- y~

~I

\.Sji - to show, present, show him your - !lj.-..!~~) show me your book - d;'t..-S' i.)~\
bring out. notebook

_0 ----.JII_:B ----.JII_~ ----.JII_~)i----.J

l-~J~

>~I >/' ) ;i..WI J r: J~ ~ ~ .ri ~

(~i) 0 J!.~ 4y.) ~ ~ ~WI

ofT ~ o~1.liJ1~I ~ 4,.~) y~ J)~t\ ~ J~I -

J\..;.::.o r) ofT ~ ii~1.liJ1~I ~ 4,.~) y~ i.)I:JI ~ J~\ -

4) J\..;.::.o r: ~ .J ~\ ~ ~ l,iL..:2,;.o ~ -

.~;. - A>- j~ .4 <\..:.4 cJJl,.. ·(\.S\~h~i

/
.(\.SIJ) if:.wf (..s)) .:l.J.l.1 ~) /
~i -4)
(..:Jlyi 4 IoU ~/ .f-.r 4 lolA.;../ .Wly) 4 IoU ~:,)\ .J.>- 4 IoU i.)~i)-/ - <\..:.4 J"~I )

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 38 of 44

I
 ~/' J.>- ~r \h.lI 4.;:.l I W) A..").>. J t.~ r t) LAo...w -
(\.il) ~J!..w 4y. J ~ ~ ~WI

0~1 J.>- ~ ~ J '-$)..l..a.4 Jr -

0/' J.>- ~r\h.ll ~I ~ A..").>. J (~\)--!y~ t)LAo...w -
J/~I ~ J~I ~ ~ ~ W~I J.>-~ ~ ~
0/' J.>- ~J"'l\h.ll~I ~ 4.0").>. J Y ~ i?WI~ J~I -

~~I ~ J ili. J r J,J,;.. J.>- ~ r'...w -

~tj}J ~J WyJI

JJ'11~ J~I ~ Y ~ W~I J.>-~ ~ ~

i?WI~ J~I ~ ~ ~ W~I J.>-~ ~)t..:.!(t'"""1 IoU

or<....JIJ.>- ~ ~1J.j J r: -
~I..LJI
J.>-~ ~ ~ ~I J.>-~ ~ ~j..o ~~\.;.o -

WW - It is permissable to Wj J,J,;.. for the following ~ Jr. t)LAo conjugations, so long as it is

,
not followed by sukoon ( ):
',I'
~- ~)
. /
- -

ylf~1 ~ Al Y -:I ,&1Js- ~.r.1J ~ Jr

/

J
of' J.>- ~r\h.ll o.r->JI Of. A..").>. J (j)--! )Jfl- (t'"""1 - .11
W ~I J.>-~ ~ljl 1.0

(~~ ~) ~ AlLaJ'J) Wj5:...••

lI Js- ~ J'1.o ...w
~1j~)~~~IJs-~~~
,
~J~~y~~IJs-~~~ o

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 39 of 44
 01 ";:;Iyl,;,r ~ perhaps, maybe - J.J
to hope (for), wish, to look forward to - '-':-J ~ ? w~ wI y.) 1$1 '? J...W- ~?I

fear, fright, worry, anxiety, concern, care - ~wD..1~ L.:::.trw~ wI ?I 1$( '~r J...W- JI..i,.;;,~1

~I Js-~ ~J~.JJr -
(~)tt'"""I~~~~IJs-~~~ -
ylf~1 ~ .v ~ ~ ,y-5JI Js- ~ f. J r -
(J,J) y.?- t!J ~ ~ ~./ T Js- Q riJ2l1Q y-5JI ~f. A.o~ ) >W4JJf. tt'"""1

~I ¥ 4 <- ~I ~ ~~ 4 <- ~I - s I..L:.!

I~ ~ W~I ~I,;,r JJ.j. .>I..L:.!I
~~I J ...A.l~1 J r -~
WPI Js- ~ >I..uJr - 4
~./TJs- QriJ2l1~I ~ A.o~ J JI..,a...l,j~ y ~ ~~l;.o - ~l.p

~./TJs- QriJ2l1Qy-5JI ~f.A.o~ J JJf. 41 JI..,a.. - w\S"JJI

I~I Js- ~~ Q..ulj(:,..) ~ .(~ !l~ Jlj...- ,y ~) ~I ~h J-:'I - (~ Jlj...- :,.. ~)

-- :" -"

"'''). //,... J. ",-

~ I.al? wI ~1 (w\S")~ ~ A.I~I JW~I oh ~ t? 1$1 ,1l5" ~.,L;:.( / 1l5"~ ~ / 1l5"~ ~

tJI..,a.. ~ i)..J iL? w~ w(

{ ..IA! ,;,r J JJ ,;,r r~1 2il } JW JIj .~ ~ ~ JjW::>~1

~ ~ 1~1~I Js- (..IA!) J (JJ) ~ - (JJ ,y)
/' J/ ,... ~ ./

- I:!.H:J:,..) '(Y p - t~( -.p.) ,(~ - -.P. :,..) - ~ w~ (41 JI..,a.. - JI..,a..) >~ (JJ) ..IA! -.;~ ~ 1~1
"',/,p "

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 40 of 44
 • < ,
~l£ 1.LoG.- ..;:J ~\
I I I I I I
JyAll J~I ~~ .)'I..o~
~I:JI J)'J1

s ,
"..ul
J-. 0 IJ~I
I I I I ~
I I
~~ J~I JyAll .)'I..o~
~I:JI J)'J1

(103 ~'jl ,IJI~ JI is )r') { UIY.~~:~~: ~~ ~:,li ~ \...J~} :Jw.u} ~ W (j~) ~ ~IJ ..(! )
,~I) (0\) if uJ-'~ ~y:?-IJ~ IJ\~) ((IJIS')..;:Jlyl if 1./') ~(~tS-(yj) ~)W.I JWI if .y~ :(!r~)\)
:~

.~:.'Ju.J)lp.l- 0\ Y~II!.n:;.:~ ,~I t)W2l1 ~ ~) .~ 01 ~).ul ~!.n)\

~ II 01 I 1_~)_.uI_1 I,--_~_·)\_
t.)\..A4 ~ ~)..L..a.A J.r ~)I ~I

~ JI y:?-- J)jll )..L..all

(~I ~ J ~":JI c!j ,IJIS'..;:Jlyi if) ~I J.>- ~ .)'1..0 ~ - ~)\

O? I J.>- 0flkll 4..aJI W) lo~ J t} r ~ JI ~I - ~ ).ul

IJ~I J.>- ~ ~ ) ~)..L..a.A J.r 0i

O? I J.>- 0flkll hr.:..iJI~ lo'N- J (01)-1 Y~ t.)\..A4 ~ ~

~ Ji ~ ~ ~ .J (~ lJi) J)jll )..L..all

~:.'Ju.
.
IJI
{

y~1 Z!.n:;.
I I Jl I I F-J-.
I I I I I I
))f. ~I To J.r t.)\...a.4 ~ ~)..L...2.0 Jr: cl.:..)i ~I ~I..o~
~)i y:?-- J)jll )..L..all

01-Ehrab.doc Page 41 of 44
 "1

j ~..... c!
"~I j ,O\5'Qlyl iJ") 0.r TJ.>-0flhJI ~I ~ 4.0~ j y~ t)L..;:.o~ - ~~

(~I~

0.r T J.>-0flhJI 4.aJI .w) AA~ j ell'" ~)I ('"""I - y~\.6.l1

0PI J.>-~ ~) -?)J...i:;..4 Jr- ~i

Jw'1\ iJ" <i.i'1
~I °
.:f' ~~ ~f To" yJI J.1.- ~ 4.0~ ) (~f)--! y ~ t)L..;:.o~ - P. f..

~I

~)I y;?- ~ ~~ ~ (P. f.. ~i) J)jll )..L...:UI

yl..f'~1~ .u ~ '1 ,0PI J.>-~ r: J.r - J!

JL..;:.o.r ) 0.r T J.>-0flhJI 0~I 0.r. 4.0~ ) (J!)--! ))f. ('"""I - ~~

4!JI..Ao.r.~~0PIJ.>-~~~ - ~

.L- ~\£ ~I .L- ~ ..f'~)1 J! Q}L,..,:.J. 'W \l. l;;Ai ~G) ~I 4.oWI
0.r<.JI(1.0) o~ .(L- r~~-4f..)
.1.0 ~ ~ ~I I~ QI}.1.0 0~ ~ ~I)
~ ~

(!l~ c!) ~ .u\..4j'1) ° PI J.>- ~ -J'1.o ~ -

~Ij c!) ~ ~ ~I J.>- ~ ~ ~ -
yl..f'~1~ .u ~ '1 ,0PI J.>- ~ .r. Jr: -
ofT J.>-0flhJI 0~I 0.r. AA~ ) (~)--! ))f. ('"""I -

yl..f'~1~ .u ~ '1 0~I J.>- ~ .r. J.r -

ofT J.>-0fl1.l1 0~I 0.r. AA~ ) (~)--! ))f. ('"""I -

0PI J.>- ~ ~I 4.oWI

0~1 -

1.H) .~I ~ ~ ~I ~:;. ~ :~ '4.1 ("'""IJ! IjL..;:.o

~ ll.p ~~ I~l (-.r.I) 0/ ..j~ .«(J.!:;.~)
:.J. ,o~4 (.:r.I)4.0\5';.>5- fT j;...... ~ ~ j ,yb...~ ~ ~~ I~l) ,~Ij j;...... ~ ~j\;JI Q~I 0§.; o1

~I

.~ W:! ~ ~ (-.r.I) O'1(~If..l ~I :;'1 ~~) :j;.o ~ ~:W'1 ) .~ J.I

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 42 of 44

I
 - ~l-S:J\ ~ (149v") .r.>- .r
I.l"~WI )..ul
• J! (3v") ~..illl ~ oj' ..ill o~ :~
«~ ~L:.l1 ~ - 4..rJ1 ;i.illll.l" J)~»

Important: These notes cover the Introduction (page 3) upto and including Chapter
Sixteen (page 149) of the book -
((Lessons in Arabic Grammer - for non-speakers)) .

•••
(.;;~L.a.ll ~ ~ -?..ul .ill ..w-I J Jw .ilI1 0~

.0;-"1(..;:;\.i J~II.S..I.o0L-~ ~ ~WI J ol.!~\ J AlT,)>- J ~ ~ ,}>- ~ J .illI ~ J

:JWI 01~1 ,}>- ~Iral~ J ~

x lY-' Ji ~, ~ ~ ..l;:- J o"

~~~, 4..rJI~' ,~r.J'~.4....J\(10133 .~.v" - 4~~' ~tJ:.I (-?)~y:;.yi J..J..ilI, ~ y.i

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 43 of 44

I
 :.j.-o :.j.-o
~ ~
• \Ai,
WI , ~ ~J~ 01fo Page 27 / 27 ~
jG:- ~ ",
~
u~
\" 0
jl;'i .r: ~.r ~I:;-
, , .,w 0jp 0G oI}.:.
e~ \.£)~

.$"r
.
..j:J-!r
, ,.lI ,..~ •.••

i5-~')\;, ~
.~y.i
~ •• 0
'

::"'Iy
~G
Page 68 / 68 ...f'
~
~9·1
,

'~
,
~I:U ~Qk
'
~
,
Jtd,f ..
~
j.@

)I)~(;I))
~~
~I) "~'
0)
,

I jf» (G;'/~~l
. , ,

~
..•• 0 J '1! ..•..• J ..• ~
Page 131 / 131 ~ 0J~:b~ ~ Uy.Jr (Jr
'" "')

Page 73 /73...f' ::,..r;..f .~r

.
jl:u.r '
)~
•J :,..~( ~ Page 39 / 39~
~r '":}...... ~G-) i;.)
, c,
, J )

~I;i :;'i ..hJlj'- ~"

-.r
, ......
~.,l;.i
~.
d..l?-
~J~f ~I)~ iilil ,
~'j..t.

Page 139 / 139 ~ ~\/i:.Jf 0W

,

..s:.d/..s~l
.' , . ~ "'~J
)~)
J /"'~f .
Page 83 / 83...f'
~T)l
,
L~)
t:~
J

&
~.r
J (' (
;':-i

i)~l jlj-.
, , ~:;;
A...a-'"
~ ,

~p ~~, ,

Page 140 / 140 ..;p J)~ ifj~ Page 47/ 47 ~

••o.~('"
xi-:' ;s'1) A¥I.! ~~f ·. ,

Page 149/ 149 ~ Page 103 / 103 ~ Jwf

~
·.,
J.i9

)1))(;1)) ~I) ;;;~

,
·~ ,

~I~ ~.G i~/~~ ~~

, "
i.S.r
,

..
~r-
,
,
Page 57 / 57 ~
:)Ji/:,..')J :r1 ~ ~
~~ ..•
Page 112/ 112 ~ ~I~ <I.,!...lA
,
,
:JYJ
~. J

::u) • J
pi; 'j;
J , ,
iilir ,
~'>\S.
,
d>} 'K.,p~

Ol-Ehrab.doc Page 44 of 44