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SURFACE VEHICLE J2719™ MAR2020

STANDARD Issued 2005-11

Reaffirmed 2015-11
Revised 2020-03

Superseding J2719 NOV2015

(R) Hydrogen Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles

RATIONALE

SAE J2719 is being revised to incorporate updates to the contaminant table as well as to document updated methodologies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Purpose ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Field of Applicability ................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO and ASTM Standards..................................................................... 2

2. REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Applicable Documents ............................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 ASTM Publications ..................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.2 EPA Publications........................................................................................................................................ 3
2.1.3 JIS Publications .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.4 NIOSH Publications ................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.5 SCAQMD Publications ............................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.6 ISO Publications ......................................................................................................................................... 4

3. DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 4

4. HYDROGEN QUALITY SPECIFICATION ................................................................................................. 5

4.1 Threshold Limits ......................................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 Sampling .................................................................................................................................................... 6

5. NOTES ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Revision Indicator....................................................................................................................................... 8

APPENDIX A ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 9

APPENDIX B RESEARCH PAPERS SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAE J2719 ....................................... 10

Table 1 Hydrogen fuel quality specification ............................................................................................................ 7

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1. SCOPE

This standard provides background information and a hydrogen fuel quality standard for commercial proton exchange
membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicles. This report also provides background information on how this standard was developed
by the Hydrogen Quality Task Force (HQTF) of the Interface Working Group (IWG) of the SAE Fuel Cell Standards
Committee.

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this hydrogen fuel quality standard is to specify hydrogen fuel quality requirements for all commercial
hydrogen fueling stations for PEM fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Hydrogen quality is defined as the quality measured at the
dispenser nozzle using a suitable adapter and standard methodology developed by the ASTM D03 (Gaseous Fuels)
Committee.

1.2 Field of Applicability

This hydrogen quality standard is applicable to PEM FCVs at the point of interface between the fueling station and the
vehicle. The specification of hydrogen quality is intended to meet the requirements of FCVs, and will meet or exceed the
requirements of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs) to the extent that they have been determined. Information
considered in the specification of the fuel quality includes:

• Applicable standard chemical analysis methods to quantify the presence of identified H2 impurities

• Infrastructure sources of contaminants and cost related to production, distribution, storage, and handling of H2

• Fuel cell systems, specifically, levels of contaminants that adversely impact performance and/or durability

• On-board hydrogen storage and delivery systems

1.3 Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO and ASTM Standards

The content of this standard was coordinated with ISO TC197/WG27 (H2 Fuel - Product Specification Working Group), as
well as the ASTM D03 (Gaseous Fuels) Committee,.

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Applicable Documents

The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the
latest issue of these publications shall apply.

2.1.1 ASTM Publications

Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.

ASTM D6228 Standard Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous
Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Flame Photometric Detection

ASTM D7550 Standard Test Method for Determination of Ammonium, Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in
Hydrogen and Other Cell Feed Gases by Ion Chromatography (Withdrawn 2017 - for
reference only)

ASTM D7607/D7607M Standard Test Method for Analysis of Oxygen in Gaseous Fuels (Electrochemical Sensor
Method)ASTM D7634Standard Test Method for Visualizing Particulate Sizes and
Morphology of Particles Contained in Hydrogen Fuel by Microscopy
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ASTM D7649 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Carbon Dioxide, Argon, Nitrogen, Oxygen
and Water in Hydrogen Fuel by Jet Pulse Injection and Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometer Analysis

ASTM D7650 Standard Test Method for Sampling of Particulate Matter in High Pressure Hydrogen Used
as a Gaseous Fuel with an In-Stream Filter

ASTM D7651 Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of
Hydrogen Fuel

ASTM D7652 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, Methyl
Mercaptan, Carbon Disulfide and Total Sulfur in Hydrogen Fuel by Gas Chromatography and
Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection

ASTM D7653 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel
by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

ASTM D7675 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Hydrocarbons in Hydrogen by FID-Based
Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Analyzer ASTM D7892Standard Test Method for Determination of
Total Organic Halides, Total Non-Methane Hydrocarbons, and Formaldehyde in Hydrogen
Fuel by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy

ASTM D7676 Standard Practice for Screening Organic Halides Contained in Hydrogen or Other Gaseous
Fuels

ASTM D7833 Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons and Non-Hydrocarbon Gases in
Gaseous Mixtures by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D7892 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Organic Halides, Total Non-Methane
Hydrocarbons, and Formaldehyde in Hydrogen Fuel by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry

ASTM D7941/D7941M Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Purity Analysis Using a Continuous Wave Cavity Ring-
Down Spectroscopy Analyzer

2.1.2 EPA Publications

Available from EPA/NSCEP, P.O. Box 42419, Cincinnati, OH 45249-0419, Telephone: 800-490-9198, website available at:
www.epa.gov/ncepihom/ordering.

EPA Method 5i Determination of Low Level Particulate Matter Emissions

EPA Method 11 Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Compounds in Ambient Air

EPA Method 200.7 Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Atomic Emissions Spectrometry

EPA 625/R-96/010B Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient
Air - Second Edition

EPA Method TO-12 Method for the Determination of Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in Ambient Air
Using Cryogenic Pre-Concentration and Direct Flame Ionization Detection(PDFID)

EPA Method TO-15 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air Collected in Specially-Prepared
Canisters and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
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2.1.3 JIS Publications

Available from Japanese Standards Association, 4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8440, Japan,
Tel: +81-3-3583-8005, www.jsa.or.jp.

JIS K0101:1998 Testing Methods for Industrial Water

JIS K0114:2000 General Rules for Gas Chromatographic Analysis

JIS K0123:1995 General Rules for Analytical Methods in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

JIS K0124:2002 General Rules for High Performance Liquid Chromatography

JIS K0127:2001 General Rules for Ion Chromatographic Analysis

JIS K0225:2002 Testing Methods for Determination of Trace Components in Diluent Gas and Zero Gas

JIS K0804:1998 Gas Detector Tube Measurement System (Length-of-Stain Type)

2.1.4 NIOSH Publications

Available from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Tel: 800-356-4674, www.cdc.gov/niosh.

NIOSH 2541:1994 Formaldehyde by GC

2.1.5 SCAQMD Publications

Available from South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Drive,Diamond Bar, CA 91765,
Tel: 909-396-2000, www.aqmd.gov.

SCAQMD Method 301-91 Identification of Particles by Microscopy

2.1.6 ISO Publications

Copies of these documents are available online at http://webstore.ansi.org/.

ISO 19880-1 Gaseous Hydrogen - Fuelling Stations

ISO 21087 Gas Analysis - Analytical Methods for Hydrogen Fuel Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM)
Fuel Cell Applications for Road Vehicles

3. DEFINITIONS

Hydrogen fuel as defined in this standard consists of hydrogen gas and trace impurities. The impurities consist of both inert
and reactive contaminants. Inert contaminants, generally, do not permanently affect the performance of a fuel cell. Inert
contaminants may affect the performance of the fuel cell system, including hydrogen storage tanks, regulators, etc. Reactive
contaminant effects can be reversible, partially reversible, or irreversible in their impact on the performance and/or life of
the fuel cell. Additional related definitions are noted in Appendix A.

3.1 CONSTITUENT

A component compound or element found within a hydrogen fuel mixture.

3.2 CONTAMINANT

An impurity that adversely affects the components within the fuel cell system or the hydrogen storage system by reacting
with its components, or that reduces the energy content of the fuel through dilution.An adverse effect can be reversible or
irreversible.
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3.3 DILUENT

An impurity that reduces the concentration of hydrogen, and may be a contaminant or non-reactive in nature.

3.4 FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A power system producing electrical energy which typically includes the fuel cell stack, equipment for air processing, fuel
processing, thermal management, water management, and the balance of plant.

3.5 HYDROGEN FUEL INDEX

The hydrogen fuel index is the value obtained when the amount of aggregate impurities, as expressed as percent
(µmole/µmole), is subtracted from 100%.

3.6 INERT GAS

Non-reactive gases such as argon, helium, krypton, neon, radon, and xenon.

3.7 IMPURITY

A non-hydrogen constituent in hydrogen fuel.

3.8 PARTICULATE

A solid or aerosol particle that may be entrained or introduced in the production, storage, delivery, or use of hydrogen fuel.
Particulates are specified by mass concentration (milligrams per kilogram of fuel).

3.9 THRESHOLD LIMITS

The concentration threshold level of each specific impurity analyzed in a hydrogen fuel. Thresholds are designated in
micromoles per mole of fuel (µmol/mol) with the exception of particulates, which are designated by size (in micrometers)
and mass concentrations (milligrams per kilogram of hydrogen fuel).

4. HYDROGEN QUALITY SPECIFICATION

Development of this standard is based upon consideration of technical presentations given to, and discussions with, the
IWG by industry, universities, and other organizations, such as NEDO/JARI, DOE national laboratories, CaFCP, U.S. Fuel
Cell Council (USFCC), and ASTM International. The hydrogen quality specification resulting from consensus agreement
between the various stakeholders is shown in Table 1. Particulate concentration should be minimized to avoid
contamination, clogging, and erosion of fuel system components. The dispenser should have a filter that protects the vehicle
from 99% of the particulates larger than 5 µm, as recommended in CSA HGV 4.1 or ISO 19880-1.

4.1 Threshold Limits

The limits in Table 1 were derived by consensus by national and academic laboratories whose work was sponsored by the
Japanese government through NEDO and the U.S. government through DoE EERE. Appendix B gives guidance on the
rationale for selecting the compounds listed in the table. Appendix C lists the papers that supplied the test data supporting
the various limits.

The analytical methods listed in Table 1 are not intended for use as process control or field verification methods. They are
intended for use as a resource in for the generation of process equipment calibration gases, field sampling methodology
validation, and as a method for resolving third party disputes. It is expected that process control and field verification
methodology will evolve under the leadership of the fuel providers and applicable federal and state agencies.

Some constituents are listed in terms of family of compounds associated with the total accepted threshold limit per family,
as well as example constituents in the particular family. The list is not intended to be totally inclusive. Although there may
be more (or less) speciation per each family, the data presented here reflect the current knowledge of constituents of
concern.
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The analytical methods and limits of detection contained in Table 1 are based on available ASTM Standards or upon
ASTM Standards documented as under development. Although for many constituents the public analytic techniques satisfy
the requirements for testing hydrogen fuel used in demonstration projects, hydrogen sold commercially is likely to require
lower contaminant detection that has been validated for these methods. The limits for constituents in Table 1 are the same
as the detection limits, in some cases. As a result, these constituents will require methods with detection limits validated
one or more orders of magnitude below the listed limits.

Subsequent revisions of this standard may include additional constituents as supported by data. In addition, the constituent
list addresses a wide range of constituents, not all of which are expected to be present in every source of hydrogen.

Total hydrocarbons on a C1 basis is a methodology where total carbon is calculated and all of the hydrocarbons are
assumed to have only a single carbon atom. Therefore, if the total carbon on a C1 basis calculates out to 1 µmole
hydrocarbon/mole of hydrogen and the hydrocarbon was methane (CH4), there would be 1 µmole of methane/mole of
hydrogen. However, if the hydrocarbon were benzene (C6H6), 1 µmole hydrocarbon/mole of hydrogen calculates out to
0.17 µmole benzene/mole of hydrogen.

Alternative commercially accepted analytical methods may be used if they are suitable to detect the impurity at or below the
limit, and the seller and the buyer (or the authority having jurisdiction) concur.

These requirements are a reflection of the current level of published knowledge on this topic. Limits will be revised as
additional information on long-term impacts and mechanisms of fuel cell impact are explored and understood. Test
methodology will be updated as it becomes available from ASTM.

4.2 Sampling

It is recommended that samples taken to determine the gaseous components in Table 1 conform to ASTM D7606.

It is also recommended that samples taken to determine the particulates in Table 1 conform to ASTM D7650.

Alternative commercially accepted sampling methods may be used if they are suitable for the task and the seller and buyer
(or the authority having jurisdiction) concur.
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Table 1 - Hydrogen fuel quality specification

Chemical
Constituent Formula Limits Analytical Methodse
Hydrogen fuel index
H2 ≥99.97%
(minimum mole fraction)
Total non-hydrogen gases 300
Maximum concentration of individual contaminants
Water H20 5 ASTM D7653,,ASTM D7649, ASTM D7941, ASTM D7941M
Total hydrocarbons except
2 ASTM D7675, ASTM D7833
methanea (C1 equivalent)
Oxygen O2 5 ASTMD7649, ASTM D7607
Methane CH4 100 ASTM D7653, ASTM D7675, ASTM D7833, ASTM D5466
Helium He 300 ASTM D7833
Nitrogen N2 300 ASTMD7649, ASTM D7833
Argon Ar 300 ASTM D7833
Carbon dioxide CO2 2 ASTM D7649, ASTM D7653, ASTM D7833
Carbon monoxideb CO 0.2 ASTM D7653
Total sulfur compoundsc 0.004 ASTM D7652, ASTM D6228
Formaldehyde HCHO 0.2 ASTMD7653, ASTM D7941, ASTM D7892
Formic acid HCOOH 0.2 ASTM D7550 (withdrawn), ASTM D7653
Ammonia NH3 0.1 ASTM D7653, ASTM D7941/D7941M
Halogenated compounds
0.05 ASTM D7892, ASTM D7676, ASTM D5466
(halogen ion equivalent)d
Particulate Concentration 1 mg/kg ASTM D7650, ASTM D7651
NOTES:

• Units are µmol/mol, unless otherwise specified.

• All limits are subject to revision after additional testing under operational conditions and improved standardized
analytical procedures.

• Limits are upper limits except for the hydrogen which is a lower limit.

a Total hydrocarbons except methane include oxygenated organic species. Total hydrocarbons, except methane, shall
be measured on a C1 equivalent (µmol/mol).

b The sum of measured CO, HCHO, and HCOOH shall not exceed 0.2 µmol/mol.

c As a minimum, total sulfur compounds include, for example, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon
disulfide (CS2), and mercaptans, which are typically found in natural gas.

d All halogenated compounds which could potentially be in the hydrogen gas includes, for example, hydrogen bromide
(HBr), hydrogen chloride (HCI), chlorine (Cl2), and organic halides (R-XCl). Halogenated compounds shall be
measured on a halogen ion equivalent (µmol/mol).

e Also refer to ISO 21087 PEM applications for additional methods.

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5. NOTES

5.1 Revision Indicator

A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not
editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title
indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original
publications, or in documents that contain editorial changes only.

PREPARED BY THE SAE INTERFACE WORKING GROUP OF THE SAE FUEL CELL STANDARDS COMMITTEE
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APPENDIX A - ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS

The objective of this appendix is to document the terms used when discussing hydrogen fuel quality from the perspective
of the members of the IWG-HQTF working on this topic.

Terms not defined herein follow the definitions found in standard dictionaries or in SAE J2574.

A.1 DEFINITIONS

A.1.1 CONDENSABLE

An impurity that may undergo a phasechange from gas to liquid or solid at any point during the delivery, storage, or use of
the hydrogen fuel.

A.1.2 HYDROGEN QUALITY

A description of hydrogen fuel that includes the hydrogen fuel index and the concentration of specific impurities.

A.1.3 IMPURITY LIMIT

The concentration limit of each specific impurity analyzed in a hydrogen fuel. Impurity limits are designated in micromoles
per mole of fuel (µmol/mol) with the exception of particulates, which are designated by mass concentrations (milligrams per
kilogram of hydrogen fuel).

A.1.4 IRREVERSIBLE EFFECT

The degradation of the fuel cell power system performance that cannot be restored by practical changes of operational
conditions and/or fuel composition.

A.1.5 NON-CONDENSABLE

An impurity that that may not undergo a phasechange from gas to liquid or solid in the delivery, storage, or use of the
hydrogen fuel.

A.1.6 NON-REACTIVE

Not engaging in chemical reactions such as bonding, debonding, adsorbing, and absorbing.

A.1.7 REVERSIBLE EFFECT

The degradation of the fuel cell power system performance that can be restored by practical changes of operational
conditions and/or fuel composition.

A.1.8 SUBLIMATE

An impurity that may undergo a phase-change from solid to gaseous state in the production, delivery, storage, or use of
hydrogen fuel.

A.1.9 TRACER

An easily detected inert substance introduced into a fuel stream.

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APPENDIX B - RESEARCH PAPERS SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAE J2719

B.1 JARI PAPERS

D. Imamura, “Effect of Potential on Sulfur-Poisoning of Pt/C Catalyst, ECSTransactions,” Vol. 16, Issue 2, 807-815 (2008).

D. Imamura, D. Ebata, Y. Hashimasa, M. Akai, and S. Watanabe, “Impact of Hydrogen Fuel Impurities on PEMFC
Performance,” 2007 JSAE/SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, First Issue, 100-104 (2007).

D. Imamura, and Y. Hashimasa, “Effect of Sulfur-Containing Compounds on Fuel Cell Performance,” ECS Transactions,
Vol. 11, Issue 1, 853-862 (2007).

Y. Hashimasa, T. Numata, K. Moriya, and S. Watanabe, “Study of Fuel Cell Structure and Heating Method: Development
of JARI's Standard Single Cell,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 155, No. 2, 182 (2006).

Y. Hashimasa, Y. Matsuda, and M. Akai, “Effects of Platinum Loading on PEFC Power Generation Performance
Deterioration by Carbon Monoxide in Hydrogen Fuel,” ECS Transactions, Vol. 26, Issue 1, 131-142 (2010).

Y. Matsuda, Y. Hashimasa, D. Imamura, M. Akai, and S. Watanabe, “Accumulation Behavior of Impurities in Fuel Cell
Hydrogen Circulation System,”Review of Automotive Engineering, Vol. 30, 167-172 (2009).

B.2 EXTENDED SUMMARY

M. Akai, H. Uchida, M. Tatsumi,andS. Watanabe, "Influences ofImpurities in Hydrogen on Fuel Cell Performance," 15th
World Hydrogen Energy Conference, 30C-05 (2004).

S. Watanabe, M. Akai, andM. Tatsumi, “Hydrogen Quality Standard for Fuel of Fuel Cell Vehicles,” Fuel Cell Seminar
Abstracts, 248-251 (2004).

B.3 OTHER STUDIES

J. St-Pierre, “PEMFC Contamination Model: Competitive Adsorption Followed by an Electrochemical Reaction,” Journal of
The Electrochemical Society, 156 3 B291-B300 2009.

J. St-Pierre, “PEMFC Contaminant Tolerance Limit - CO in H2,” Electrochimica Acta, 55 (2010) 4208-4211.

J. St-Pierre, N. Jia, and R. Rahmani, “PEMFC Contamination Model: Competitive AdsorptionDemonstrated with
NO2,”Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1554B315-B320 (2008).

K. Hongsirikarn, J. Goodwin Jr., S. Greenway, and S. Creager, “Influence of Ammonia on the Conductivity of Nafion
Membranes,”Journal of Power Sources 195 (2010) 30-38.

K. Hongsirikarn, X. Mo, and J. Goodwin, “Esterification as a Diagnostic Tool to Predict Proton Conductivity Affected by
Impurities on Nafion Components for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells,”Journal of Power Sources 195 (2010)
3416-3424.

K. Hongsirikarn, X. Mo, Z. Liu, and J. Goodwin Jr., “Prediction of the Effective Conductivity of Nafion in the Catalyst Layer
of a ProtonExchange Membrane Fuel Cell,”Journal of Power Sources 195 (2010) 5493-5500.
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B.4 HNEI PAPERS

G. Bender, M. Angelo, K. Bethune, S. Dorn, T. Thampan, and R. Rocheleau, “Method Using Gas Chromatography to
Determine the Molar Flow Balance for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Exposed to Impurities,” Journal of Power
Sources, Vol. 193, pp 713-722 (2009).

Y. Zhai, G. Bender, S. Dorn, and R. Rocheleau, “The Multi-Process Degradation of PEM Fuel Cell Performance Due to
Sulfur Dioxide Contamination and Its Recovery,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 157 (2010) B20.

D. Posey, J. Gazda, A. Ghatak-Roy, R. Rocheleau, M. Angelo, G. Bender, S. Dorn, K. Bethune, and T. Hossain, “The
Impacts of Repetitive Carbon Monoxide Poisoning on Performance andDurability of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel
Cell,” ECS Transactions, 16 (2), 669 (2008).

T. Reshetenko, G. Bender, and R. Rocheleau, “The Effect of Local Variations in the Gas Diffusion Layer Properties on
Spatial PEMFC Performance,” Fuel Cell Seminar 2009, Palm Springs, USA, November 16-20, 2009, LDR35-47.

S. Dorn, G. Bender, K. Bethune, M. Angelo, and R. Rocheleau, “The Impact of Trace Carbon Monoxide/Toluene Mixtures
on PEMFC Performance,” ECS Transactions, 16 (2), 659 (2008).

Y. Zhai, K. Bethune, S. Dorn, G. Bender, and R. Rocheleau, “Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis on SO2
Contamination in PEMFCs,” ECS Trans., 28(xxx) xxx, 2010, In press.

Y. Zhai, G. Bender, S. Dorn, M. Angelo, K. Bethune, and R. Rocheleau, “Sulfur Dioxide Contamination in PEMFCs:
Degradation and Recovery of Performance,” ECS Trans., 16 (2):873-880, 2008.

M. S. Angelo, K. P. Bethune, and R. E. Rocheleau, “The Impact of sub-ppm Carbon Monoxide and ppm-Level CO/Toluene
and Methylcyclohexane/CO Mixtures on PEMFC Performance and Durability,” ECS Trans., 28(xxx) xxx, 2010, In press.

T. Thampan, R. Rocheleau, K. Bethune, and D. Wheeler, “Effect of Trace Contaminants on PEM Fuel Cell Performance,”
in Generation, Storage and Fuel Cells, edited by Anne Dillon, Charles Olk, Constantina Filiou, Jim Ohi (Mater. Res. Soc.
Symp. Proc. 885, Warrendale, PA, 2006), 0885-A01-05.

B.5 CALIFORNIA FUEL CELL PARTNERSHIP

J Schneider, A. Racklin, T. Estrada, R. Dominguez,and S. Wessel, “CaFCP Hydrogen Quality Guideline Release
Version 1.0.”