Music Unit 3 (Indian, Pakistani,

Israeli Music)
INDIA
 India- known as the
"Land of spirituality and philosophy".

This is the birthplace of some major religions

that exist in the world like Buddhism,
Hinduism, Jainism, & Sikhism.
INDIAN MUSIC
 Indian Music are deeply rooted in ancient costumes.
Their cultures & traditions are very rich in terms of
religious ceremonies, theatrical performances, dances &
festivals.

Their theatrical music & dance convey a religious

meaning.
INDIAN MUSIC ELEMENTS
Indian Music Elements- elements are this kind of music
are very distinct compared with others
countries' music.
- Melody & rhythm are predominant in the
Indian music.
-Their musical form is not much structured compared to
Western Music.
Indian Music Elements -Indian music uses ornamented &
complex modal system.

-The elements of India's music are very distinct.

-The melody is very extravagant.

-The rhythm is more on the use of syncopated
patterns.
-The timbre of voices are very nasal. This uses
the melismatic style as one aspect of singing.
 Melismatic- in a musical
style that allows several
notes to be sung to one syllable of text.
 In the Indian Music, performers are
required to improvise music based on
2 major elements.
The raga(melody) & tala(rhythm).
 1. Raga - "to please".
Based on traditional music patterns of 5 to 9 tones

The performer chooses first a particular raga before making

improvisations of the melody.
2. Tala - "clap" / "rhythm" , is the arrangement of beat
patterns arranged in groups.
For example, a tala of 10 beats might be performed
in the pattern of 3+2+3+2 or 2+3+2+3.
Two (2) Indian Music
Structures
 Two (2) Indian Musical Structures
The Indian music has 2 forms of musical structure, the open and the
closed. Forms in music usually follow a certain musical structure. But
Indian music has two.

Open Forms- have no distinct start or end,

unpredictable rhythm structure, & relaxed tempo.

Closed Forms- show noticeably obvious start & finish

structure & follow the rules of the tala.
3 Basic Tempo Types : VOCAL FORM :
India's vocal music is a way to express
Slow, Medium, Fast - Each is deep devotion to God. Carnatic &
anticipated to be precisely Hindustani music are included too!
twice as fast as the next Folk songs started with devotional
songs that later on became to express
slowest tempo.
the day-to-day living/experiences of
human life.
TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS :
DYK at least five hundred traditional musical instruments give
color to Indian music, aside form their vocals .

1. Aerophone
Shenhai - made of wood with a metal flare bell at the end.
Bansuri- plays the melody part.
2. Chordophone-
Tanpura/Tanpuri- a four- or five string long necked lute
instrument that provides the melody & the drone effect
that present the music it's tonic or home key tone

Sitar- is a plucked lute instrument.

It has thin wires.
Rebab- is a thin-necked string instrument

Veena/ Vina- has 3 melodic string

& 3 drone strings.
Famous in the southern part of India.
3. Idiophone
Jal Tarang- set of tuned ceramic bowls. The bowls are
strucked by a beater to produce a watery sound.
4. Membranophone
Tabla- a two-drum instrument; one drum is tuned to the tonic or
key tone while the other creates a variety of tones & timbres. ++
Plays the 'tala' part.
Mridangam- a two headed drum laid
across the lap of the player.
Played by striking both ends (animal
skin).++Plays the 'tala' part.
PAKISTAN
PAKISTANI MUSIC
Pakistani Music- developed through influences received from
various parts of South Asia as well as
Central Asia, Persian, Turkish, Arabic & some Western popular
music influences.

Pakistan's classical music has 2 main principles, 'sure (musical

notes) & lai (rhythm). The raag is the systematic organization of
musical notes into a scale & the taal is the cycle of rhythms.
Improvisation is also a distinct feature of Pakistan music.
2 TYPES OF VOCAL SINGING
STYLES IN PAKISTAN :
1. Ghazal- traditional expression of love, loneliness, &
separation.
- Considered as the main poetic forms in the Persian
civilization.
-This can be performed by both men & women.
- Consists of couplets which share a rhyme & a refrain.
-Ghazal either perform Khyzel (a modern classical singing
genre.) or Thumri ( a semi- classical musical genre.)
 2. Qawwali- devotional music of the Christhti Sufis.
-Originally performed at Sufi Shrines all over Pakistan.
-Humnawa is a group of qawwali musicians in Urdu. It
consists eight or nine men.

Women are excluded from traditional Muslim music & from

singing in mixed-gender public occasions. But they are given
high respect.
 (PUNJABI MUSIC)
Punjab-is a region in northernmost parts of the Indian
subcontinent or South Asia which is separated into
West Punjab & East Punjab.

The Punjabi has 3 varied musical styles ; Folk, Sufi,

Classical.
Sufi is also known as Patiala gharana (vocal Hindustani
classical music)
PAKISTANI MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS:

Some Pakistani Musical Instruments have similarities to India.

The Instruments are going to be mentioned are considered
major Pakistan instruments.
1. Rubab- a short necked plucked lute. Originated in
Afghanistan & West Pakistan. This has a membrane covering
the hollow bowl of sound chamber. This has three strings
tuned in fourths, three drone strings & eleven to twelve
resonance strings.
 2. Dafli- 'daf' , 'daffler, or 'tambourine'. This is a wooden ring-
instrument with a double rows of bells. This is a must for wedding
celebrations as accompaniment to the dholak.
3. Tabla- this is a two-drum instrument originated
India. This considered as the most important
accompaniment in classical music.
4. Dholak- two-headed hand drum from South Asia.
This is a pitch instrument used during weddings.
ISRAEL MUSIC
ISRAEL
Israeli Music is a mixture of Jewish & Non-Jewish music
traditions with significant influences from
nearby countries like West Asia & Russia.

On the other hand, the Israeli musicians shared significant

contributions to classical, jazz, & pop rock genres.
Many compositions of Israeli classical composers how been
performed by famous orchestra globally.
VOCAL FORM-
The diversity of Israeli music has developed an
amount of canonical songs known
as Shirei Eretz Yisrael or "Songs old the Land of Israel".
These songs have definite musical characteristics
composed from 1920 to the mid-1970's. :
use of minor keys;
use of dance rhythm (Horah, Atari, Temani) ;
use of percussion (darbuka & tambourine) instruments
& other instruments connected with West Asian music
as accompaniment ;
 lyrics that narrate to the Israeli practices ; &
application of distinctive vocal styles (throaty & guttural
enunciation).

JEWISH ORCHESTRA :
-In 1895 the first Jewish orchestra was formed by
the settlers. This orchestra is located in the town
of Rishon Le Zion. The instruments that the
members used were wind instruments in playing
light classics & marches.
TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS :
1. Kinnor- "National Instrument" of the Jewish people.
This is an ancient Israelite harp instrument.
 2. Shofar- this is a horn instrument used for Jewish
religious purposes. This does not have any fingering keys, &
is a bungle-type instrument. To produce melodies from the
instruments, the pitch must be controlled through the
releasing of air by the player's embrouchure.
 3. Timbrel or Timbret- this is a tambourine-like
instruments. This is the principal instruments of the
percussion section of the Israelites.
4. Darbuk- a single head goblet-shaped membranophone
used mainly in West Asia, South Asia, North America, &
Eastern Europe.
 Group 1

Group members: Janel Dacay Matt Cooper Loopez

<33
Andrhea Jane De Guzman June Yrael Nanud