1

Number System

(COMPLEX NUMBER)

a + ib
( - 25,i  - 1 , 3i)
a b i
iota

7
(-∞ , ,8,-4, ∞, etc)
2

3 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 p
q

2 , 3 , π, e n , 4343

p
q
P q q
≠ 0
∞
22
(-1.5,1,0.6, 49 , ,0.9)
7

 Bar Based concepts-

p 3 1
0.p  , 0. 3  
9 9 3
pq 35
0. pq  , 0. 35 
99 99
pqr 235
0. pqr  , 0. 235 
999 999
pqr - pq
0.pq r  ,
900
107 - 10 97
0.10 7  
900 900
pqr - p
0.p qr  ,
990
423 - 4 419 HCF
0.4 23  
990 990
Miscellaneous concepts-





4 PRP: Maths Formula Book


 Factors + 
 

 n = n(n + 1) 
 n = n2
n(n 1)
 n =
2 
 n

n(n  1)( 2n  1)
= 
6
 n
2 
 n( n  1) 
= 
 2 
 a b


= (b  a)((b  a )  difference) 
2  difference
 n 
2
n(4n  1)
=
3 
 n
2n(n  1)(2n  1) 
=
3
 n
= n2(2n2 - 1) 
 n
= 2n2 (n + 1)2
 x

y = 10y + x

11


9

5 PRP: Maths Formula Book

  (Remainder Theorem)




 Divisibility rule of 7, 11, 13-

72 = 13 × 5 + 7
= × +

 a, b, n 
 ABAB 101 an + bn (n = )  a3 + b3 = (a+b) (a2 - ab + b2)
 an + bn  n  (a+b)

2323 No. of the form (a+b) (a-b)

= 23, 101
101
 ABCABC 1. an + bn ( n  )  
2. an + bn ( n  )  
3. an - bn ( n  )  
 AAA
4. an - bn ( n  )  
 
 AB AB AB → ABABAB
a +b +c +d
n n n n
(a+b+c+d)


m n
r1 r2
= 200
= 60


=2
=9

6 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Factors) 
25 × 36 × 52

3


100  25/3 × 36/3 × 52/3
100 = 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 = 52 × 22 21 × 32 × 5 0
 = (2 + 1) (2 + 1)  9 (1+1) (2+1) (0+1)
P ×q
a b
p q 2×3×1 6
(a+1) (b+1)
 Total odd factors of 100  52 × 22
(2 + 1)  3
p a × qb P q
 (a + 1)
 (0), 10 10
 160  25 × 51
(5×2) (5 2)
p q
(a) (b+1)
 Factorial
 100  22 × 52
p × q (p & q are prime numbers) then sum
a b 0 10 10 5×2
of factors (p0 + ..... pa) (q0 + ..... qb) 60!
 100  52 × 22 60
p × q (p is only odd number then sum of
a b 60! 5 = = 12
5
factors- (p0 + ....pa) 12 2

 100  5 × 2
2 2
5 14
pa × qb (If p is even q is odd number then pa 60
× qb  60! 2 = = 30
2

30
total factors  15
2
Formula  (number) 2
15
(number - ), (total factor - 7
2
)
7
 3
2
25 × 36 × 52
3 1

2 56
2
10 5×2
2, 56 5, 14
5 × 2, 14 (5 × 2
25 × 36 × 52
21 × (22)2 × (32)3 × (52)1
(2+1) (3+1) (1+1) 24 0 )

7 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 AP, G.P H.P. 
G.P.
A.P. (Arithmetic progeression/ /
a a
/ , , a, ar, ar2
r2 r
 G.P.
a a
, , ar, ar3
r3 r

 n
a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d .....nth term

= a + ar + ar2 + .... arn (r > 1)
a+d - a = d (always)
n Or
AP n th
= [2a + (n-1)d]
2
or = a + ar + ar2 + .... arn (r < 1)
n a
= [ + ]
2 r
n
n
a (where as r < 1)

d GP nth
AP  arn-1

 
A.P.
AP n
1
HP =
 n term = a + (n - 1) d
th
AP
(a = d= ) 2ab
 a b =
ab
(Geometric progression)-  a b (AM, GM H.M)

AM  GM  HM
1. a b
AM  GM  HM
2. a b
AM  GM  HM
(G.M.)2 = AM × HM

8 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 2
Simplification
'V B O D M A S' 1 1 1
   ......... 
12 3 2 3 4 n(n  1)(n  2)
 BODMAS
1  1 1 
=   
 

Important Formulas
 VBODMAS
 (a2 - b2) = (a - b) ( a + b)
V  Vinculam or Bar ( )  (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab
 (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
 (a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
B  Bracket [( ), { }, [ ]]
 (a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = 4ab
O  of Orders  (a - b)2 - (a + b)2 = 4ab
D  Divide  a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)
M  Multiplication
a3 + b 3
A  Addition  =a+b
a2 - ab + b2
S  Subtract  a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)

a3 - b 3
(i)  (Line /Bar Bracket)  =a-b
a2 + ab + b2
(ii) ()  (Small/Open Bracket)  (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab ( a+ b)
(iii) {}  (Curly Bracket) = a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2
(iv) []  (Square/Closed Bracket)  (a - b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3ab ( a - b)
 Series Formulas- = a3 - b3 - 3a2b + 3ab2
1 1 1 1   (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2 bc + 2ca
  
a  b (b  a)  a b  = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
1 1 1 1  a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 - ab
  
a  b  c (c  a)  ab bc  - bc - ca)
(a + b + c) = 0
1 1  1 1 
   a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = 0 a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
a  b  c  d (d  a)  abc bcd 

 a3 - b3 = (a - b)3 + 3ab(a - b)
  a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b)
 a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 - 2ab
 a2 + b2 = (a - b)2 + 2ab
 a2 + b2 + c2 = (a + b + c)2 - 2(ab + bc + ca)
 a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 - 2ab = (a - b)2 + 2ab

9 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 3
Square Root and Cube Root
1 50
12 = 1 262 = 676  2, 3,
22 = 4 272 = 729 7, 8
32 = 9 282 = 784 Ex.-
42 = 16 292 = 841 (a) 1337 (b) 1728 (c) 5832 (d) 8464
52 = 25 302 = 900 
62 = 36 312 = 961
72 = 49 322 = 1024 Ex.- (a) 16580 (b) 8532 (c) 1740 00 (d) 14400 00
82 = 64 332 = 1089 
92 = 81 342 = 1156 1 24
102 = 100 352 = 1225
112 = 121 362 = 1296 
122 = 14 372 = 1369 4
132 = 169 382 = 1444 
142 = 196 392 = 1521
152 = 225 402 = 1600  5
162 = 256 412 = 1681 2
172 = 289 422 = 1764 Ex.- 2 5, 22 5, 202 5, 122 5, 562 5
182 = 324 432 = 1849  1 9
192 = 361 442 = 1936
[12 = 1 , 92 = 81] =1
202 = 400 452 = 2025
 2 8 4
212 = 441 462 = 2116
3 7 9
222 = 484 472 = 2209
4 6 6
232 = 529 482 = 2304
 0, 1, 5, 6 0, 1, 5,
242 = 576 492 = 2401
6
252 = 625 502 = 2500
Ex.- (--0)2 = 0, (--1)2 = 1, (--5)2 = 5, (--6)2 = 6

Perfect Square Number
(11)2 = 121 (9)2 = 81
100% Perfect
(111)2 = 12321 (99)2 = 9801
Square
(1111)2 = 1234321 (999)2 = 998001

(11111)2 = 123454321 (9999)2 = 99980001
digital sum
(3)2 = 09 (6)2 = 36
(33)2 = 1089 (66)2 = 4356 →
(333)2 = 110889 (666)2 = 443556
(3333)2 = 11108889 (6666)2 = 44435556
20
(33333)2 = 1111088889 (66666)2 = 4444355556 Ex.- 3467 =3+4+6+7= =2
9
10 PRP: Maths Formula Book
 4
Surds and Indices
 a
x
 x x
 ax a
 a × a × a × a ×-----------n = an  x y
a 
xy
a
y x
a  a  xy
1

 ax × ay × az = ax+y+z o
 
n

 a
mno
a x, y, z  z y x m
  xyz
    a
  
ax  
 = ax-y
ay   a  b   a  b  2 ab
2

 (a ) = a
x y
=a =a x×y xy yx

 (a ) = a
y x y×x
= ayx = axy   a  b   a  b  2 ab
2


y
a x = ax × x × x × ............ y (times)   a  b   a  b    a    b  2 2
 a b

 (ab)x = ax × bx  a 2b  a b
1
 a-x = NOTE-
ax
x x
a   
b
    a a a a..................  a
b a
x
 a   ax 2 n 1
    a a a............n  a 2
n
b bx
x
1
x  1  1
4a  1  1
 a x/y  a y  a y   (a x ) y  a  a  a  ............ 
  2
 
4a  1  1
 ax = ay x=y  a  a  a  ............ 
2
 xa = ya x=y
 n
a n a n a..........  n 1 a
  3
a3 a3 a..........  31 a  a

 n
a  n a  n a  ..........  n 1 a

1  3
a  3 a  3 a  ..........  31 a  4 a
 x
a ax
4a  3  1

 a 
 x x
1
x x a  a  a  ............ 
a a 2
1 1 1 4a  3  1
 x
ab  x a  x b  a  x  b  x  ab  x  a  a  a  ............ 
2

 a
y y
=  a x  = a x
y 1
 x x y x y 2( x  y )
  
  x y x y ( x  y)
1
x
a a ax x y x y
  x  
 
4 xy
x
b b b  x y x y x y
 a a a
 a × b = ab
  x y  
2
x y 2
 4 xy

11 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 5
LCM and HCF
25, 30 60


 25, 30 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 = 300
[L.C.M.]



L.C.M.  (G.C.M.)
(G.C.D.)
(1)
 25, 30 60
 H.C.F.

25 → 5 × 5 = 52 (1)
30 → 2 × 3 × 5 = 21 × 31 × 51 
60 → 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 22 × 31 × 51

 25, 30 60
L.C.M. of 25, 30, 60
25 → 5 × 5 = 52
= 5 2 × 22 × 31
= 25 × 4 × 3 = 300 30 → 2 × 3 × 5 = 21 × 31 × 51
 25, 30 60 = 300 60 → 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 22 × 31 × 51
(2)  (common)

 25, 30 60 = 51 = 5
 25, 30 60
=5

12 PRP: Maths Formula Book

(2)  a, b c
 x, y =
(a - x) = (b - y) = (c - z) = k
= (a, b c - k)
 x, y z
k
= (x, y z
+ k)
 a:b
25, 30 60
x
x =
ab
 x, y z
x, y z

 25, 30 60 =5
 a, b c
H.C.F. L.C.M. x, y z
(a - x), (b - y) (z - c)
1.
 a, b c
 L.C.M × H.C.F. = ×
(a - b), (b - c) (c - a)
[L.C.M]
2. = [H.C.F.]

[H.C.F]
3. = [L.C.M.]

4. =
[HCF]

5.

 a:b
x
abx
 x, y z
x, y z

13 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 6
Average
n 1
 'n' 
= 2
 'n'
 n = (n +1)
 n =n n 
   1
2 
(n + 1)
 n =  'n'
2
 n = 2(ν  1)(2ν  1)

3
(n + 1)(2n  1)
6 n1
 'n' 
 n = 2
 'n'
n(n + 1)2
4 4  n2  1

(n  1) 3
 K n = K  'n'
2
 = n(n  2)

3
 'n'
 a x b = n (2n2 - 1)
ax  by 
y =
ab
 a b b x, y z
2ab
a = xyz
ab = = k
 n  2 
x = x + (n - 1) = 2x - k
= x - (n - 1) = 2y - k
 n x = 2z - k
m m m m 
x + m, x - m, x × m (Total runs given)
x = (Total wickets taken)
m
n 
 'n' 
2 (Total runs scored)
= (Total number of innings played)

14 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 7
Ratio and Proportion
 a:b c:d a:b::c:d
 a c
 ad = bc
b d
(:)
a:b  a, b, c =a:b:c:x
bc
x
a
 a2
 a b =
2 : 3, 7 : 8 b
b2
 a b =
a
 a b = ab

a c  e
 a : b, c : d, e : f 
b  d f
a:b
c:d ac : bd 

 a:b:c:d
1 1
 a:b  : b:a 1 1 1 1
a b : : :
a b c d
 A a
 a:b = a2 : b2 =A+a:A-a
 a, b, c d

 a:b = a3 : b3 ad  bc

(a  d)  (b  c)

 a:b  a: b (i) xA = yB
A:B= y : x
 
 a:b = a : b = 3 a :3 b
1/3 1/3
A B
(ii) xA = yB = zC
A:B:C=y×z : x×z : x×y
   
(: :) A B C

15 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Partnership) (Mixture)
 

 (i)

(ii)

=
c d m
 
d mc

x% x%
A A

B B
 100
  = :x
c

A A A  x

B B B
 t1, t2 t3 x
= t1 : t2 : t3 n
n
 t1, t2  x
= ×  
t3  
 x
y
1 1 1
 : :
t1 t 2 t 3
 x
y p  x  y
= ×   ×  
   
 x   y   x
  p    p 
xy  xy  y1
 A B t1 t2 y2, y3, ...... yn
x y
p1, p2
xt1 P1  y  y  y   y 
  x 1  1  1  2  1  3 .... 1  n 
yt2 P2  x  x  x   x 

16 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 8
Percentage
 100 
 x
100 x y

%
x
1   100
100
xy
 x%  P
R1%,
R2% R3% 3
x
  100%
100  x
 R  R  R 
 A, B x B, A  P 1  1  1  2  1  3 
x  100  100  100 
 100  x%
100  x
 A, B x B, A y% z%
x
 100 m
100  x
 P
100 100 100
 R 
n
   m
n  P 1   100  x 100  y 100  z
 100 
 x%
{ R= +ive
-ive } y% z% m
 P
P 100
  m
n  R 
n
{ R= 100  ( x  y  z )
1  
 100   x%
+ive y z
-ive }
 x% 100(y  z)
x2 M
x% x% = x
100
 x%
 x%
a
y%
y%
 xy 
 x  y  % b
 100 
- ve 100(a  b)
M
+ ve yx

17 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 9
Simple Interest
  n
R%
T
( P)  ( R)  (T ) R T = 10 × n
(SI) =
100
 T
SI 100
P n
R T
SI 100 (n  1)  100
R R
P T T
SI  100
 (P), r% t
T (A1)
R P
 = + (P) (r+1%) t
 T1 N1 T2
T2 N 2  1 (A2)
N2 
T1 N1  1 P 1 t
Difference (A2 - A1) =
 R1% T1 100
R2% T2 R3%  'P' i.e. P1, P2,
T3 P3 r1%, r2%, r3% t1, t2, t3
P
 (R1 T1 + R2 T2 + R3 T3 ....)
100 (a) 3
 T1 A1
T2 A2 1 1 1
P1 : P2 : P3 = r t : r t : r t
 (A  A 1 )  1 1 2 2 3 3
 A1   2  T1 
 T2  T1  (b) 3 (P + SI)
 T1 A1
T2 A2 1 1 1
P1 : P2 : P3 = 100  r t : 100  r t : 100  r t
(R) 1 1 2 2 3 3

A2  A1  r% t
  100%
A 1 T2  A 2 T1

R1 A1 R2 A2 P  100
A A = 100  t  rt(t  1)
(T)  A R  A R  100
2 1
2
1 2 2 1

20 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 10
Compound Interest
  T x
yT x y

 R1
 R2 n Rn n
 R  
T
 R  R   R 
A  P 1    = 1  1  1  2 ........... 1  n 
 100  100   100 
 100  
 (P), R% T1 R2%
A= P=
T2 R3% T3
R= T=
 =
T T T
 P R%  R1  1  R2  2  R3  3
(A) = P 1    1    1  
T  100   100   100 
T  R%
 R 
(A) = (P)  1   SI
 100 
  R 
= 1  
 200 

 R  2T 
  d P R
A  P 1  2  
 100  2
   R 
d  P 
  100 

 R  4T 
d P R
 
A  P 1  4  
 100  2
   R   300  R 
d  P   
  100   100 
3  T1 A1 T2 A2
2
7
 1 
 A 2  T2  T1 
 3  =  A   1   100
2
 R  1 

= P 1 
R 
 1  7  


  
 100   100 
 
 T x A2  A1
  100
A1
x2
2T y 
y

19 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 11
Profit and Loss
  x%
 M
 = y%
 = M
  100
 (y  x )
 x

 =  100%
x2
x%  x
 =  100% 100
  'a' x%
x% x% 'b' y% 'c'
z%
x2
= % M
100
 x y M  100

= ax  by  cz
x y  m x%
 100%
y

mx
  %
1m
=  x
«kqfV y
 100
lgh otu & «kqfV xy
 x y =
2

x y
 100 x>y x% y%
y
100(x  y)  2xy
yx % =
 100 y>x 200  x  y
y
(+ve)
 x%
(-ve)
y%
xy
x=%
xy y=%
100

20 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Discount)


 =
cêk
 =  100%

 a% b%
 ab 
=  a  b  100 %
 
 P
a%, b%, c%

 a  b  c 
 P 1   1   1  
 100   100   100 
 D% P%

PD
=  100%
100  D


= × 100

21 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 12
Time and Distance


  ,
 = ×
xy(t1  t 2 )
D
  (x  y)
 D
 

 A B x
x y
B A y
(y > x)

2xy

xy  x 
 D 
 A P Q X km/hr Q yx
R y km/hr R S Z km/hr  x%
PQ = QR = RS A =
3xyz
 x 
xy  yz  zx (schedule)   100 %
 100  x 
 S1 km/hr S2 km/hr

S1 T
T1 T2  2  x%
S2 T1
y%
 S1 S2
t1 t2
= S1 T1 = S2 T2  xy 
  x  y  %
  100 
x t1  x
y t y
t2 z
 xz 
xy(t1  t 2 )   t 
D  yz 
(y  x)

22 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Train) d

 L T
xy
    d
xy
= 
 L1 L2
T t1 t2
L1  L2
=
T 2t1 t 2
 S1 S2 T
t1  t2
=
S1 - S2
 S1 S2
=
S1 + S2
 L1 L2  A B
S1 S2 t1 x
t2
L1  L2
= S S A B
1 2
 L1 L2  tt 
(D) =  x t  t 
1 2
S1 S2
 2 1

L1  L2  xt 2 
= S S   
1 2  t 2  t1 
 x
 D A B
x A B
y
t y
B A
(T)
xy
  A B
x

x y  D  ty 
T   
 xy 
t t
d
t
xy
   d
 yx 
t

23 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Boat and Stream)


 u km/hr
v km/hr
(D) = u + v km/hr
 (U) = u - v km/hr
U D
 (u) = km/hr
2
D U
 (v) = km/hr
2

T1
T2

u

v

u v

T (u 2  v 2 )
d
2u
 v

v(n  1)

(n  1)
 u
v

(u  v)(u  v)
=
u
24 PRP: Maths Formula Book
 13
Time and Work
 x (Pipe and Cistern)
1
x  x
1
1 =
1 x
 
 A B x y
 A B
A xy
= xy
B
m1 w1 d1  A, B C x,
m2 w2 d2 y z
m1d1 m2d2

w1 w2 xyz

 m1 w1 d1 h1 xy  yz  zx
m2 w2 d2 h2  A x
m1d1h1 m2d2h2 B y

w1 w2
 T xy
x = yx

y { y > x}
x(T  y) 
= y x
 A B T y
A B z
A, a B, b xyz
=
A B zx
T = ab  A B
 A B C n T A
y T x
A B, T
= (n + 1) × y y T = xy

27 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 14
Geometry
(Line and Angle)
(Point)-


= 900
(Line)-
3. (Obtuse Angle)-

 900
1800

(Line Segment)-


900 <  < 1800

(Ray)- 4. (Straight Angle)-
  1800

(Angle)-

 = 1800
5. (Reflex Angle)-
(Type of Angles)-
 1800 3600
1. (Acute Angle)-
 900

1800 < < 3600

6. (Complete Angle)-
0 < < 900  3600
BAC
2. (Right Angle)-
 900 = 3600
26 PRP: Maths Formula Book
 (Relation Between Angle) (ii) (Corrosponding Angle)-
1 = 5
1. (Complementary Angles)-
2 = 6
 900 3 = 7
4 = 8
(iii) (Alternate Angle)-
3 = 5 1 = 7
4 = 6 2 = 8

 +  = 900 (iv) (Interior Angle)-

3 + 6 = 1800
2. (Supplementary Angles)-
4 + 5 = 1800
 1800
(v) (Exterior Angle)-
1 = 8
2 = 7
Note-
(i)
 +  = 180 0

, 
3. (Vertically Opposite Angle)- l // m
 1 = 5
2 = 6
3 = 7
4 = 8

1 = 5
2 = 6
3 = 7
4 = 8
l // m
(ii) 2

l, m
n
(i) (Vertically Opposite Angle)-
1 = 3
2 = 4 l // m, m // n, l // n
5 = 7 ST PQ
6 = 8 
TU QR

27 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Triangle) Note-
A  B  C

(B) (Isosceles Triangle)-

 1800
A + B + C = 1800


= x + y

(C) (Equilateral Triangle)-
(i) a + b > c, (ii) b + c > a, (iii) a + c > b 


(i) |a - b| < c, (ii) |b - c| < a, (iii) |c - a|< b

 ABC c
(a, b)
(i) a + b2 > c2
2
(Acute Angle
Triangle) 
(ii) a2 + b2 = c2 (Acute Angle
Triangle)
(iii) a2 + b2 < c2 (Acute Angle
Triangle)

(Types of Triangle)
A = B = C = 600
1. (Based on Side)-
2. (Based on Angle)-
(A) (Sclane Triangle)-
 (A) (Acute Angle)-
 900

28 PRP: Maths Formula Book

(B) (Right Angle)-
 900

 = 900 BD AB

DC AC
 (Angle on Incentre)-
(C) (Obtuse Angle Triangle)-
 900

1
BIC  90 0  A
2
1800 >  > 900 0 1
AIC  90  B
Note- 2
 0 1
AIB  90  C
2


(Properties of Triangle)

(Angle Bisector)-
 (Inradius) = r
Δ
r 
S
A B C
 S
2
 ABC
'I' BAC AD
ABC BE ACB

CF

In ABC
 AI : ID = (b + c) : a
BI : IE = (a + c) : b
CI : IF = (a + b) : c

29 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Excenter)-  6
 P ABC B, C

1
BPC  90 0  A
2
Similarly
1
AQC  90 0  B
2
1
ARB  90 0  C
2  2:1


r=

(Median)-


(AB + BC + CA) > (AD + BE + CF)


(Apollonium Theorm)
 (Length of Median)-
 AB + AC = 2(AD2 + DC2)
2 2

 900
AB2 + AC2 = 5BC2
 CN
AM
5
AM2 + CN2 = AC2
 4

4 (m1 + m2 + m3) > 3(AB + BC + CA)



AD, BE, CF 3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2)

30 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Side Prependicular abc
R
Bisector) 4  Area of Tringle
 

d2  R2  2Rr
d  R2  2Rr
(A) (Acute Angle Triangle)-


D, E F BC, AC AB (B) (Right Angle Triangle)-



(Angle on Circumcenter)-

BSC = 2A
ASC = 2B
ASB = 2C
R
 2
(C) (Obtuse Angle Triangle)-


=R

(Radius of Outercircle)-
(Altitude of Triangle)-
 900

31 PRP: Maths Formula Book



Important Points-
(Angle Made on Triangle)-  ABC AD BC AD
BOC = 180 - A
0 K K B, C
AOC = 1800 - B
AOB = 1800 - C
BOC = EOF (Vertically
Opposite Angle)

AB2 + CK2 = AC2 + BK2

(A) (Acute Angle Triangle)-


AO × OD = BO × OE = CO × OF
Some Important Result of Triangle-

(B) (Right Angle Triangle)- (i)

 900

(ii)
AB  BC
BD 
AC
(C) (Obtuse Angle Triangle)-


32 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Congurency) 4. (Right Angle-
Hypoteniuse-Side)-
1. (Side-Angle-Side)-



B = E = 900
AC = DF
AB = DE AB = DE
BC = EF
B = E
ABC  DEF
ABC  DEF
(Similarity)
2. (Angle-Angle-Side)-
 1. (Angle-Angle-Angle)-


AB = DE (i) A = D
A = D B = E
B = E
C = F
ABC  DEF AB BC AC
(ii)  
DE EF DF
3. (Side-Side-Side)- (iii) ABC DEF

2. (Side-Angle-Side)-


AB = DE
BC = EF AB AC
AC = DF 
DE DF
A = D
ABC  DEF ABC DEF

33 PRP: Maths Formula Book

3. (Side-Angle-Side)- 

AB BC AC
(i)  
DE EF DF
(ii) ABC DEF
(iii) A = D
B = E
C = F ABC ADB
Note- AB BC AC
 
 AD DB AB
A = A = 90 - 
B = D = 90
C = B = 
BD AD
(i) 
CD BD
 BD2 = AD × CD
(ii) BDC ABC
BD DC BC
 
AB BC AC

ABC BC 2
 = CD =
DEF AC
(iii) ABD ACB
AB BC AC A.L 1 A.B1 m1 r1 R1
      
DE EF DF A.L 2 A.B2 m2 r2 R2 AB2
AD =
AC

 ABC DE, BC

 ABC Area AD AE DE

DEF Area =  
AB AC BC
2 2 2 2 2
AB2 BC2 AC2 A.L1 A.B1 m1 r1 R1 AD AE
       
DE2 EF2 DF2 A.L22 A.B22 m22 r22 R22 DB EC

34 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Some Important Facts)- (Quadrilateral)
(i) ABC BAC

AD AM  BC

1
MAD  ABC  ACB
2
(ii) B C
P
 3600
A
A + B + C + D = 3600

(Important Points)-
(1) ABCD AC, BD
E
x
BPC 
2
(iii)

z
z

ΔABD area a

ΔCBD area b
ΔABC area c

ΔADC area d
xy
z (2)
xy
(iv)

BC
DE 
2
35 PRP: Maths Formula Book
(3) ABCD d
AC B D

= Area of ACD + Area of ACB 1

= d d Sinθ
1 1 2 1 2
Δ   d  P1   d  P2
2 2
1
Area  (P1  P2 )d
2
(7) ABCD O
(4) ABCD AB CD
y, x x + y = ?

A1 × A3 = A2 × A4
(x + y) = (a + b)
(5) ABCD (8)
900
O

AB2 + CD2 = AD2 + BC2

(6) ABCD  A D
BOC = 
2 2

36 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Rectangle) (5) ABCD O


900

A1 + A3 = A2 + A4
(6) ABCD O
OA + OC2 = OB2 + OD2
2

AB || DC
AD || BC
A = B = C = D = 900

(Important Points)- OA2 + OC2 = OB2 + OD2

(1) (7)
900
(8)
(i) AC = BD (Diagonal) AB || CD & AD || BC
DCA = CAB Alternate Angle
(2)
BCA = CAD Alternate Angle
(9)

(10) AB, CD P, Q

(3)

DS = ST = TB
(11) ABCD P DC
AB = CD
AD = BC
(4)
Area of
AOB = BOC = COD
1
= DOA = ABCD 1
4 Area of APB = Rectangle ABCD
2
37 PRP: Maths Formula Book
 (Parallelogram) (8)


(9) AB CD
P, Q
AB || DC AD || BC
AB = CD AD = BC

(Important Points)-

(1)
900
P, Q AB, DC
(2) BX = XY = Y D

(10) ABCD P DC
(3)

(4) 4

APB area =

(11)
(5) "O" 1800

A1 + A3 = A2 + A4 AB || DC & AD || BC
(6)
AB || CD & AD || BC 1800

(7)

38 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Square) (4)


900

SSS
ABD CBD
AB = BC = CD = DA = a
AB = CD (Side)
A = B = C= D = 900
AD = BC
(Important Points)- BD = BD (Common)

(1) (5) 4
900
d1 = d 2
d 1  d2
AC = a

(2)

(6) "O"

(3)

A1 + A3 = A2 + A4

(7) ABCD "O"

OA2 + OC2 = OB2 + OD2

O
AO = OC
OA + OC2 = OB2 + OD2
2

BO = OD

39 PRP: Maths Formula Book

(8) (Rhombus)


900
1800
AB = BC = CD = DA
PQRS
AB || DC AD || BC
(9) AB CD
(Important Points)-
Q, P
(1)

BF = FE = ED
(2)
(10) ABCD P DC
d1, d2 = (Diagonal)
(i) d1  d2
(ii) d1  d2

(3)

ABCD = a2
1 2
APB = a
2

40 PRP: Maths Formula Book

(4) (8)

900
1800

(9) ABCD DC, AC

P, Q

AO = OC
BO = OD

(5) 4

BX = XY = YD

(10) P, Q, R, S

1:3

AOD = AOB = COD

1
= COB = ×
4
ABCD

(6) 'O'

(11)
1800

A1 + A3 = A2 + A1

(7)

Area of APB =

41 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Trapezium) (5)

AB || CD AB || EF || DC
AB || DC

DE CF

AE FB
(6) ABCD AB || CD
E F AC, BD

AB || DC & AD = BC

(Important Points)-
(1)
1
EF  (AB  CD)
DO CO 2

OB OA
(2) AOD = BOC (Polygon)
(3) AOB Area × COD Area = AOD Area ×
BOC Area 

N=
A1 × A3 = A2 × A4  A 2 = A4  = (n - 2) × 1800
A1 × A3 = A 22 (n  2)  1800
=
(4) n
 = 3600
3600
=
1 n
EF  (AB  CD)
2  + = 1800


n(n - 3)
 =
2

42 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Circle) 

(Arc)-

 =

 = 2r × AB = Chord
360 0
AP = PB


AB = CD
OP = OQ


AB = CD
AOB = COD
C = D = E = x  AB = AC A

A

AB = AC

ACB = 900


ABC = r2

(Chord)-

PA × PB = PC × PD

43 PRP: Maths Formula Book



AB, CD =

 2

PA × PB = PC × PD


PA = PB


PT2 = PA × PB
 AB CD P
P


1800

1
APC = BPD = (x + y)
2
 AB CD P + R = 1800
Q + S = 1800
P
 PQRS PR × SQ
1
= (x  y)
2 PR × SQ = PQ × SR + RQ × SP

(Tangent)-


 (i) x + y = 1800
(ii) AB + CD = AD + BC
44 PRP: Maths Formula Book
 (Some Important Points)-
(1)

 O1 O2
C1 C2
O1O2 P

O1P O1C1
Length of PQ = 
O2P O2C2
= D2  (r1  r2 )2 (D = r1 + r2) (4)
PQ = r1  r2 2  r1  r2 2 a b c

PQ = 2 r1 r2

(2)

1 1 1
 
c a b


r1, r2, r3 r2
=

(distance between Center)2 - (r1 - r2 )2

=

(distance between Center)2 - (r1  r2 )2 r2  r1  r3

(3) O1O2 (5) r=?

C1 C2 O1O2 P

O1P O1C1
 R AB
O2P O2C 2 r 
6 6

45 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Co-ordinate Geometry) y 2  y1
tanθ 
x 2  x1
(Mid Point Formula)- 
 ax + by + c = 0
a
slope =
b
(Point from of a Line)-
 x1  x 2 y 1  y 2   AP = AB
Mid Point/C =  2 , 2 
 

(Mid Point Formula)- y - y1 = m (x - x1)



A = (x1, y1) , B = (x2, y2)

m1 = m 2
 AB  x 2  x1 2  y 2  y1 2  a1  a2

b1 b2
a b
 1  1
a2 b2
(A)

 m1m2 = -1
 ax + by + c = 0
 m x  m2x 1 m1 y 2  m2 y1 
P 1 2 ,  ax + by = k
 m1  m2 m1  m2 
 ax + by + c = 0
(B) bx - ay = k
AP : PB = m1 : m2 (A) a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 a2x+ b2y +
c2 = 0
m1 = m2
a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c 2

 m x  m2x1 m1 y 2  m2 y1 
P 1 2 ,  (B)
 m1  m2 m1  m2 
a1 b1 c1
 
(Slope of Line)- a2 b2 c2

y x (C)
a1 b1
m1  m2, a  b
(m) = tan (slope) 2 2

46 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Concurrent Lines)-


2. x-  x-
y-
x y
  1
a b 3. y-  y-
2 2 x-
 a b
 ax + by = 0
4. y=x y = x, x-
y
 
=  (x, y y=x y, x )
m1 m2  y y = -x 
m1  m2
tanθ   (x, y) y = -x (-
1  m1m2
y, -x)
m1  m2
θ  tan-1
1  m1m2
(Centroid and Incentre)-
 (x1, y1) ax + by + c = 0
G
ax 1  by 1  c I
a2  b2  x1  x2  x 3 y1  y2  y 3 
 ax + by + c = 0 G=  3
,
3

 


c  ax 1  bx 2  cx 3 ay 1  by 2  cy 3 
I=  abc
,
abc

a2  b2  

(Equation of Circle)-
ax + by + c1 = 0
ax + by + c2 = 0  (a, b) r
 (x - a) + (y - b) = r2
2 2
c1 - c 2
=  x2 +
2 2
a b y2 = r2
|x| + |y| = a 2a2
(Reflection)-

1.

47 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 15
Area
(Triangle) 3 2
 = a
4
(i)  = 3a
3
 h= a
2
a h
 = =
2 3 3
a 2h
 = 
3 3
1 (iv)
   
2
 =P+B+H
P B
 (M) =
H
   s( s  a )( s  b)( s  c)

P +B -H abc
s
 (Inradius) = 2
2
1
H   ab sin 
 (Circumradius) = 2
2
1
(ii)    
2
 =a+b+c
f«kHkqt dk {ks«kQy
 =
v)Zifjeki

(Circle)
b
  4a2  b2
4
1 2 (i)
 = a sin 
2  d = 2r (r = )
 = 2a + b  = 2r
 (h) = 4a2  b2  =r2
2 (ii)
(iii)
 = r + 2r (r =
)
r 2
 =
2

48 PRP: Maths Formula Book

  = 2a
(Quadrilateral)
 = 4d(x-d)
(i) d= , x=
 = 4d(x+d)
 = d(2x-d)
 =
2
 = 2
 (iv)
  A +  B +  C +  D = 3600
1
 
2  

1
= 2
 AC × (BN + DM)
 =a+b+c+d
(ii)  = ×
 = 2(a+b)
 (d12 + d22) = 2(a2+b2)
(v)

 
 = 2 (l + b)
  l 2  b2
 =
2x (l + b - 2x) (x = )
 = 4 (l + b - 2x)  900
 = 1
 = × d1 × d2
2x (l + b + 2x) 2
 = 4 (l + b + 2x)  = 4a
 d + d22 = 4a2
2
 = 1

x (l + b - x) = 2 (l + b - 2x) (vi)
(iii)

 =a+b+c+d
1
 = 2
= a2 = ×
1 2  = (a + b) × h
2
2
 = 4a  d12 + d22 = c2 + d2 + 2 (ab)

49 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 16
Surface area and Volume
(i) (vi)
 = 6a2 (a = )  = 2r2
 = 4a2  = 3r2
 = a3 2 3
 = r
 = 3a 3

(ii) (vii)
  =
l, b, h ×
 = 2(lb + bh + hl)  =
 = × × =l×b×h +2×
 = l2 + b 2 + h 2  =
× +2×
(iii)  = ×
 = r, =h (viii)
 = r 2
1
 = 2rh  = × ×
2
 = 2r (r + h)
 r2h 1
 = ×
3
(iv) ×
 = r, =h
 =l
l  r 2  h2
 = rl
 = r(l + r)
1
 = 3 r2h

(v)
 = 4r2 (r=
)
4
 = 3 r3

50 PRP: Maths Formula Book

51 PRP: Maths Formula Book
 17
Algebra
Square Formulas- 1 1 1
(6) (a  ) 3  a 3  3  a(a  )
a a a
(1) (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
(2) (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab (7) a3 - b3 = (a - b)3 + 3ab (a - b)
= (a - b) [(a - b)2 + 3ab]
(3) a2 - b2 = (a + b) ( a - b)
= (a - b) (a2 + b2 + ab)
(4) (a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
(5) (a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = 4ab a3  b3
(8) (a2 + ab + b2) =
(6) (a + b)2 = (a - b)2 + 4ab a b

(7) (a - b)2 = (a + b)2 - 4ab

a 3  b3
(8) a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 - 2ab = (a - b)2 + 2ab (9) (a - b) =
(a 2  b 2  ab)
(9) (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
3 13 1 1
(10) (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca (10) (a  )  a  3
 3( a  )
a a a
if = a + b + c = 0
(11) a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
a2 + b2 + c2 = - 2(ab + bc + ca)
= (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca)
a2  b2  c2 or
or  2
ab  bc  ca
a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
Cube Formulas- = (a + b + c) [(a + b + c)2 - 3(ab + bc + ca)]
or
(1) (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
= a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
(2) (a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3 1
= (a + b + c) [(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2]
2
= a3 - b3 - 3ab (a - b)
or
(3) a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 - 3ab (a + b)
a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
= (a + b) [(a + b)2 - 3ab]
= (a + b) (a2 - ab + b2) 1
= (a + b + c) [3 (a2 + b2 + c2) - (a + b + c)2]
2
a3  b3
(4) (a2 - ab + b2) = (12) a + b + c = 0, a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = 0
a b
or
a 3  b3
(5) (a + b) = a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
(a 2  ab  b 2 )

52 PRP: Maths Formula Book

Other formula- Power 4 Formulas-

2 2
1  1 1 1 
(1) a2  2
 a    2 (1)
4
x  4   x    2  2
a  a x  x 

2
1  1 1  1  1  1
(2) a2  2
 a    2 (2) x4  4
  x 2  2  x   x  
a  a x  x  x  x

2 Power 5 Formulas-
4 1 1
2 
(3) a  4   a    2  2
a  a 
1  1  1   1
(1) x5  5
  x2  2  x3  3    x  
3
x  x  x   x
3 1 1  1
(4) a  3   a    3 a  
a  a  a 1
x K,
x
3
3 1 1  1
(5) a  3   a    3 a   1
a  a  a x5  = (K2 - 2) (K3 - 3K) - K
x5
2
1  1 1  1  1   1
(6) a  a    4 x5    x 2  2  x 3  3    x  
a  a (2) 5
x
x  x  x  

2 1
1  1 x K,
(7) a   a    4 x
a  a

1
Power 2 Formulas- x5  = (K2 + 2) (K3 + 3K) + K
x5

1 1
(1) x K, x2  2
 K2 2
x x

1 1
(2) x K, x2  2
 K2 2
x x

1 1
(3) x K, x3   K 3  3K
x x3

1 1
(4) x K, x3  3
 K 3  3K
x x

53 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 18
Polynomial
 a0 + a1x+a2x2 + ... + anxn
n  N, a1 b1
p(x), q(x), f(x), g(x) (i) 
a2 b2
(Real Polynomial)
 a0, a1, a2, ..., an
x f(x) = a0 + a1x +
a2x + ... + anx
2 n

x
(Degree of a Polynomial)
 f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + ... +
anxn, n
a1 b 1 c 1
an  0 (ii)  
a2 b 2 c 2
(Some Important Deduction)


a1 b1 c1
 (iii) a  b  c
2 2 2

(Linear Equation)

 ax + b = 0, a0
(Polynomial Equation)
b
=  f(x)
a
f(x) = 0

 ax + by + c = 0, a  0 ; b  0 (Quadratic Equation)
  f(x)
a=0 b=0
 ax + by + c = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0, a,b,c  R a  0.

 (ax + by = 0)  x

54 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 b x
= S = + = = 2
(1) a x
 ax2 + bx + c = a(x-) (x-) = 0. c
= P = .= = 2
x= x= a x
(2)
D
 ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a  0) |-| =
|a|
2. Cubic Equation/
2
 b  b  4ac b  D     ax3 + bx2 + c x +
α 
2a 2a d=0
b
β
 b  b2  4ac   b  D          a
2a 2a c
D = = b2 - 4ac          a
d
  
 a

(Nature of Roots) (1)

(i) ax2 + bx + c = 0 D   

x2 - S1x + S2 = 0 S1 = S2
=

(2)
 ,  

x3 - S1x2 + S2x - S3 = 0
x3 - (++) x2 + (++)x -  = 0

b
(i) a > 0, x =
(ii) 2a
4ac  b2 D
= 
4a 4a
(a) + i - i
b
(b) α β α β (ii) a < 0, x= 
2a

1. Quadratic Equation/ 4ac  b2 D

 ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a  0) = 
4a 4a
 

55 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 19
Trigonometry
Measurment of Angles- 1
 sinθ 
 cosecθ
1
cosθ 
secθ
1
tanθ 
cotθ
sin θ
 tan θ 
cos θ
cosθ
cotθ 
sinθ

1. sin2 + cos2 = 1
sin2 = 1 - cos2
cos2= 1- sin2
2. 1 + tan2 = sec2
1 = sec2- tan2
1 = (sec - tan) (sec + tan)
1
P = Perpendicular ( )  (sec - tan)
secθ  tanθ
H = Hypotenuse ( ) 3. 1 + cot2 = cosec2
B = Base ( ) 1 = cosec2 - cot2
1 = (cosec - cot) (cosec + cot)
L P A B
sinθ   , cosθ   1
K H K H  (cos ec  cot  )
L P A B (cos ec  cot  )
tanθ   , cotθ  
A B L P 1
 (cos ec  cot  )
K H K H (cos ec  cot  )
secθ   , cosecθ  
A B L P
Note-
(asin + bcos) = c ................ (1)
(acos - bsin) = x ................ (2)
x =  a2  b2  c2
(asin + bcos) = c ................ (1)
(asin - acos) = x ................ (2)
x =  a2  b2  c2
sin4 - cos4 = sin2 - cos2
sec4 - tan4 = sec2 - tan2
cosec4 - cot4 = cosec2 - cot2

56 PRP: Maths Formula Book

Pythagoras Theorem-

(P) (B) (H)




 sin 00 = cos 900

P2 + B2 = H2  sin 300 = cos 600
 sin 450 = cos 450
Some Important Triplets-  sin 600 = cos 300
 sin 900 = cos 00
 sin x = cos y
tan x = cot y
sec x = cosec y [x + y = 900]

Basic Indentities-
 cos . sec = 1
cosec . sin = 1 sin(90 - ) = cos sin(90 + ) = cos
tan . cot = 1 cos(90 - ) = sin cos(90 + ) = -sin
 (1 - tanA)2 + (1 + tanA)2 = 2sec2A tan(90 - ) = cot tan(90 + ) = -cot
 cosec4A - cosec2A = cot4A + cot2A cot(90 - ) = tan cot(90 + ) = -tan
 sec2A + cosec2A = sec2A cosec2A sec(90 - ) = cosec sec(90 + ) = -cosec
 cos4A - sin4A = 2cos2A - 1 cosec(90 - ) = sec cosec(90 + ) = sec
 tan2A - sin2A = tan2Asin2A sin(180 - ) = sin sin(180 + ) = -sin
 (cosA + sinA)2 + (cosA - sinA)2 = 2 cos(180 - ) = -cos cos(180 + ) = -cos
 tan + cot = sec cosec tan(180 - ) = -tan tan(180 + ) = tan
secθ  1 1  cosθ cot(180 - ) = -cot cot(180 + ) = cot
  sec(180 - ) = -sec sec(180 + ) = -sec
secθ  1 1  cosθ
1  sinθ cosecθ  1 cosec(180 - ) = cosec cosec(180 + ) = -cosec
  sin(270 - ) = -cos sin(270 + ) = -cos
1  sinθ cosecθ  1
cos(270 - ) = -sin cos(270 + ) = sin
cosθ tan(270 - ) = cot tan(270 + ) = -cot
  secθ  tanθ
1  sinθ cot(270 - ) = tan cot(270 + ) = -tan
tanθ  secθ  1 1  sinθ sec(270 - ) = -cosec sec(270 + ) = cosec
 
tanθ  secθ  1 cosθ cosec(270 - ) = -sec cosec(270 + ) = -sec
57 PRP: Maths Formula Book
 sin(-) = -sin[sin(360 - ) = -sin]
1  tan2 A
cos(-) = cos[cos(360 - ) = cos] cos 2A=
sec2 A
1  tan2 A
cos 2A=
1  tan2 A
cos 2A= 1 - 2sin2A
cos 2A= 2cos2A - 1
cos 2A= cos4A - sin4A
1. sin (A+B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB 2tanA
6. tan 2A=
2. sin (A-B) = sinA cosB - cosA sinB 1  tan2 A
3. cos (A+B) = cosA cosB - sinA sinB 7. (i) sin3 = 3 sin - 4 sin3
4. cos (A-B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB (ii) cos3 = 4 cos3 - 3 cos
tanA  tabB 3tanθ - tan3θ
5. tan (A+B) = (iii) tan3 =
1  tanAtanB 1  3tan2 A
tanA  tabB 8. (i) A + B + C =1800
6. tan (A-B) = 1  tanA tanB tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC
(ii) cotA cotB + cotB cotC + cotC cotA = 1
cotA cotB  1 cotC + cotA + cotB = cotA cotB cotC
7. cot (A+B) =
cotB  cotA
cotA cotB  1 (Height and Distance)-
8. cot (A-B) =
cotB  cotA
9. 2sinA cosB = sin(A+B) + sin (A-B)
10. 2cosA sinB = sin(A+B) - sin (A-B)
11. 2cosA cosB = cos(A+B) + cos (A-B)
12. -2sinA sinB = cos(A+B) - cos(A-B)
CD C D
13. sinC + sinD = 2sin cos
2 2
C D C D
14. sinC - sinD = 2cos sin
2 2
CD CD
15. cosC + cosD = 2cos cos
2 2
CD C D
16. cosC - cosD = - 2sin sin
2 2
Special Formula-
1
1. sinsin (60 - ) sin (60 + ) = sin3
4
1
2. coscos (60 - ) cos (60 + ) = cos3
4
3. tantan (60 - ) tan (60 + ) = tan3
2tanA
4. sin 2A= The Height AB = ab [+ = 900]
1  tan2 A

58 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 (Change of Angle)-
1. 300 450

2. 300 600

3. 450 600

 300
600
 900 300
4. 150 300

Note-
(i) 3
(ii) 3
 45 0

2
5.

59 PRP: Maths Formula Book

6. 0 2

3.

a = h(cot1 + cot2)
h =y -x
2 2 2

7. 4.

d = h(cot1 - cot2)
acot θ 2
h 
(Some other Result)- cot θ 2  cot θ 1

1.

5.

+ = 900

x  H1H2
h  xy

6.
2.

1 1 1
 
a = h(cot1 + cot2) a H1 H2

60 PRP: Maths Formula Book

  sinn. cosn
1
=
2n

(i) n =0
 -1 
(ii) n  n
2 
 sin n
max = 1, min = 0
 a tan2 + b cot2
= 2 ab
=
 a sin2 + b cosec2

 sec cosec - +

sec cosec (i) a  b, =a+b
-1 1 (ii) a b, = 2 ab
 a cos2 + b sec2
Important Points-
(i) a  b, =a+b
 asin2 + bcos2
(ii) a b, = 2 ab
a>b
 a sec2 + b cosec2
=a =b
b>a
= b, =a (i) =  a b 
2

 (ii) =
sin2
= +1, =0
cos2
= +1 =0
 asin bcos
= a2  b2
=  a2  b2
 sin2n+ cos2n
=1
= put  = 450

61 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 20
Statistics
Mean Mode
 


x
 Z


x1 + x 2 + - - - - - - - - - + x n f -f
1 0
Mean =
n (z) = l + 2 f - f - f × i
1 0 2

∑fx l=
 Mean =
∑f f1 =
f0 =
Mediam f2 =
 i= -

Range

M Range = Largest value - Smallest Value

'n'
 =3 -2
n + 1 th
[M]= [ ]  Mode = 3 × Mediam - 2 × Mean
2
'n'  Z=3×M-2 x
n n
( ) th term + ( + 1) th term
2 2
[M]=
2

 n2 - c 
[M] = 
l + ×h

 f 
c=
h=
l=
f=
n=
62 PRP: Maths Formula Book
 Notes

63 PRP: Maths Formula Book

 Notes

64 PRP: Maths Formula Book