The Asian Productivity Organization (APO)

is an intergovernmental organization that

promotes productivity as a key enabler
for socioeconomic development and
organizational and enterprise growth. It
promotes productivity improvement tools,
techniques, and methodologies; supports
the National Productivity Organizations
of its members; conducts research on
productivity trends; and disseminates
productivity information, analyses, and
data. The APO was established in 1961 and
comprises 21 members.

APO Members
Bangladesh, Cambodia, Republic of China,
Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Islamic
Republic of Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea,
Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal,
Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Turkiye, and Vietnam.
APO GREEN
PRODUCTIVITY 2.0
The Road Ahead

OCTOBER 2024 | ASIAN PRODUCTIVITY ORGANIZATION

APO Green Productivity 2.0: The Road Ahead

Dr. Chun-Hsu Lin, Chair – Technical Working Group on Green Productivity 2.0,
served as the volume editor.

First edition published in Japan

by the Asian Productivity Organization
1-24-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
www.apo-tokyo.org

© 2024 Asian Productivity Organization

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views
of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) or any APO member.

All rights reserved. None of the contents of this publication may be used,
reproduced, stored, or transferred in any form or by any means for commercial
purposes without prior written permission from the APO.

Designed by Samvac LLP

CONTENTS

FOREWORD V

INTRODUCTION 1

GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 1.0 3

The Evolution of Green Productivity and GP 1.0 3
Studies and Issues for GP 1.0 4

STRATEGIC MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0 9

GP 2.0 Structure and Basis 9
The Process of Study: Delphi Method 12
Gap Analysis: Identifying Hotspots 12
Identifying Approaches and Enablers 14
Determining Priority and Time Frames 15
Establishing the GP 2.0 Ecosystem 15

STUDY RESULTS 17
Summary of the Gap Analysis Results 17
Determination of Approaches 20
Prioritizing Approaches and Its Linkages to Segments of Sustainability 24
Identifying Enablers and Technologies 28

THE GP 2.0 AND ROADMAP 35

Development of the GP 2.0 Ecosystem 36
GP Mapping 36
GP Rating System 37
GP Database 37
GP Guidebooks 38
GP Management Systems 38
GP Reporting System 39
GP Labeling Scheme 39
Project Bank Under GP 2.0 43
CONTENTS

THE WAY FORWARD 48

REFERENCES 50

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 51

LIST OF TABLES 52

LIST OF FIGURES 52

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 53

IV | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

FOREWORD

The Asian Productivity Organization (APO) launched the Green Productivity

(GP) concept in 1994 under a special cash grant from the Government of Japan.
GP development was inspired by the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and
Agenda 21. For three decades, GP has guided APO member economies in
enhancing economic prosperity, productivity growth, and environmental
performance. A training course on GP held since 2001 in Vietnam has developed
a critical mass of GP specialists to act as trainers, consultants, and practitioners
for enterprises across the Asia-Pacific. The accreditation of certification bodies
on GP in Indonesia in 2023 and in Singapore and Thailand in 2024 reaffirmed
the role of the APO as an institution builder and clearinghouse for productivity
information at the regional level.

Sustainability is a worldwide goal. Global sustainability initiatives such the UN

Millennium Development Goals in 2000, Sustainable Development Goals in
2015, and Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 to limit the temperature increase to
1.5°C above preindustrial levels and achieve net-zero emissions call for
evolution in terms of focuses, approaches, and targets. The APO, as part of its
mission to contribute to the sustainable socioeconomic development of Asia and
the Pacific and under its 2025 vision of “Inclusive, innovation-led productivity
growth in the Asia-Pacific,” developed a roadmap to expand and deepen the GP
concept under another special cash grant from the Government of Japan.

The publication, APO Green Productivity 2.0: The Road Ahead, reports activities
carried out in developing the GP 2.0 Roadmap for future APO activities and
initiatives. The identification of 30 key approaches with corresponding enablers
and technologies; creation of a Project Bank covering the agriculture,
consumption, manufacturing, and service sectors; and development of the GP
2.0 ecosystem will equip policymakers with informed decision-making tools.
Implementation of activities under GP 2.0 Roadmap will also build capacity at
individual level, strengthen triple bottom lines at organizational level, and
facilitate informed decision-making at policy level through the development of
systems, schemes, digital tools, and databanks with the involvement of sector-
specific technical experts, government institutions, academia, and think tanks.

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | V

FOREWORD

The contributions of all members of the APO GP Advisory (GPA) Council,

including Prof. Emeritus Ryoichi Yamamoto, The University of Tokyo, and
Chairperson of the Board of Trustees, Tokyo Metropolitan Public University
Corporation, Japan, as GPA Council Chair; Dr. Chun-Hsu Lin, Director and
Research Fellow, Center for Green Economy, Chung-Hua Institution for
Economic Research, ROC, as Technical Working Group (TWG) Chair; and the
TWG, were critical in developing a comprehensive roadmap for GP 2.0. With
the collective efforts of these dedicated experts, GP 2.0 is now a fundamental
approach to sustainability for APO members and beyond in the decades ahead.

Dr. Indra Pradana Singawinata

Secretary-General
Asian Productivity Organization
Tokyo

VI | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

INTRODUCTION

The development of Green Productivity (GP) 2.0 is crucial to setting the APO’s GP
initiative on a new trajectory aligned with the increasing global awareness and
actions to achieve sustainability. This endeavor requires confronting the complexities
presented by contemporary sustainability frameworks such as net-zero emission
policies and the UN SDGs, making the project inherently challenging.

GP plays a vital role in achieving sustainability, a shared global goal. Following

more than a year of extensive discussions and brainstorming, GP 2.0 has been
successfully conceptualized as an ecosystem with clearly defined focuses,
projects, approaches, enablers, methodologies, and timelines.

Between late 2022 and early 2024, the TWG, comprising members from the
Republic of China (ROC), the Islamic Republic of Iran (I.R. Iran), Malaysia,
Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, was commissioned to develop
GP2.0 approaches and a roadmap. The TWG collaborated with GP experts to
identify approaches, with corresponding enablers, technologies, and
methodologies, for developing a roadmap of activities. This roadmap will serve
as a reference for APO activities in the coming decades in endeavors to achieve
overall socioeconomic growth at the regional level. The GPA Council Chaired
by Prof. Emeritus Ryoichi Yamamoto, The University of Tokyo, Japan and
members from Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and Thailand technically reviewed
the work of the TWG and provided crucial guidance and strategic
recommendations on overall development of the projects and activities for
further implementation. GP 2.0 represents an evolution from previous GP
initiatives, responding to global sustainability trends since the launch of GP.

Notably, GP 2.0 introduces sector-specific elements, encompassing consumption

aspects for all the APO members and forming a comprehensive GP 2.0 ecosystem
based on updated guidance derived from substantial research activities
conducted by the APO.

Another outcome of the GP 2.0 Roadmap development was the identification

of 30 key approaches, with each assigned weight and priority, and categorized

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 1

INTRODUCTION

under three pillars of regulations and programs, financial mechanisms, and

technology upgrades. Enablers, methodologies, and timelines were identified
for these approaches. These efforts culminated in creating a Project Bank under
GP 2.0, featuring 29 concrete projects across various economic sectors.

These projects, including research, multi-country observational study missions,

workshops, demonstration projects, and conferences, are poised for immediate
implementation by the APO, marking the initial phase of GP 2.0 activities. In
addition to the up-to-date Project Bank, more schemes may be developed and
implemented to boost sustainability across the APO region in the GP 2.0 era.

GP 2.0 marks a new phase in Green Productivity initiatives, expanding and

deepening the original concept. It includes the GP 2.0 ecosystem and a Project Bank
based on the approaches identified by the TWG. The GP 2.0 Roadmap retains the
core principles of its predecessor while adding new dimensions to the activities
carried out since GP 1.0, which began in 1994. The key elements of the GP 2.0
Roadmap, namely approaches, ecosystem, and project bank, extend beyond
manufacturing to include services, agriculture, and consumption sectors. These
additions provide enterprises with enhanced tools and methods to strengthen their
triple bottom line, equip APO GP specialists to address emerging needs and
challenges, support climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, and assist
policymakers in making informed decisions for overall socioeconomic development.

Figure 1 below illustrates GP 2.0, which expands and deepens the concept of GP.

FIGURE 1
WHAT IS GP 2.0?
GP 2.0 expands the GP concept to sectors beyond manufacturing and deepens the GP concept through the
development of a GP 2.0 ecosystem and the implementation of projects under a Project Bank.

The Project Bank

Its five key elements include GP mapping, rating Project includes 29 projects
Bank
system, management systems, reporting system, covering All,
and labeling scheme. Agriculture,
GP 2.0 Manufacturing,
It is supported by GP guidebooks and database. Ecosystem Services, and
Consumption
It includes 30 regional-level approaches Approaches sectors.
across All, Agriculture, Manufacturing,
Services, and Consumption sectors.

2 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 1.0

The Evolution of Green Productivity and GP 1.0

GP is a strategy for enhancing productivity and environmental performance to
promote overall socioeconomic development. In 1994, the APO launched GP
as a new approach to sustainable development in response to the 1992 Rio
Earth Summit, with the aim of contributing to sustainability.

The APO describes GP as a pathway leading to sustained improvement in

the quality of human life. GP involves applying appropriate productivity and
management tools, techniques, and technologies to reduce the environmental
impact of an organization’s activities, products, and services while enhancing
profitability and competitive advantage.

The following are the key aspects of the GP 1.0 era, from 1994 to the present,
on which the APO’s initiatives were based and implemented.

• Resource Efficiency: One of GP’s fundamental pillars was optimizing

resource utilization. This involved minimizing waste, reducing energy
consumption, and enhancing overall production process efficiency.

• Environmental Management Systems: A critical element of GP was

adopting Environmental Management Systems (EMS), including
policies, practices, and procedures to identify, manage, monitor, and
improve an organization’s environmental performance.

• Training and Capacity Building: Recognizing the need for a paradigm

shift in organizational mindsets, the APO emphasized training and
capacity building in 1994. This involved educating businesses, industries,
and professionals on the principles and practices of GP. In 2019, the APO
issued the APO-GPS 201 Certification Scheme and Competency
Standard for Green Productivity Specialists to certify individuals who
can act as trainers, consultants, promoters, and researchers in GP. The
scheme was later upgraded in 2023 (APO, 2023).

• Cleaner Production Techniques: GP promoted the adoption of cleaner

production techniques, encouraging businesses to explore and imple-
ment technologies and processes that minimize environmental impact.

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 3

GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 1.0

• Cross-sectoral Integration: The APO advocated for cross-sectoral

integration of GP principles. This involved engaging businesses across
various industries to share best practices and collaborate in
implementing environmentally sustainable strategies.

• Government Collaboration: The initiative encouraged collabora-

tion between the private sector and government bodies to create sup-
portive policies and regulatory frameworks that incentivize and pro-
mote GP practices.

• Promotion of Eco-friendly Technologies: The focus was on

promoting and adopting eco-friendly technologies that contributed to
productivity gains and environmental conservation. Examples include
conducting the Eco-Products International Fairs and publishing the
Eco-products Directory (APO, n.d.).

Studies and Issues for GP 1.0

Since 1994, the concept of GP has evolved, with subsequent studies and
initiatives building upon the foundation laid by the APO. Integrating
environmental sustainability into productivity improvement strategies continues
to be a global imperative, with the early efforts of organizations like the APO
playing a crucial role in shaping the discourse and practices surrounding GP. In
2002, the APO published the Green Productivity Trainer’s Resource Manual on
practical industry approaches to address productivity and environmental
protection (APO, 2002).

During the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 in Johannesburg,

also known as Rio+10, the APO presented a special publication Green
Productivity: An Approach to Sustainable Development (APO, 2002) highlighting
GP as a practical approach to sustainable development and addressing global
environmental issues.

The APO has actively promoted ecoproducts under its GP Program

through initiatives such as the annual Eco-products International Fair (EPIF)
and the development of the APO Eco-products Directory and Eco-products
Database. These efforts were carried out with the cooperation of the GP
Advisory Committee (GPAC), comprising representatives from more than

4 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 1.0

60 Japanese corporations with extensive experience in managing environ-

mental issues.

The EPIF was held 11 times between 2004 and 2017 across APO member
economies, serving as a platform to raise environmental awareness, encourage
the greening of supply chains, support the growth of green markets, and
involve the public in fostering a better environment through the use of
ecoproducts, ecotechnologies, and ecoservices. This initiative inspired the
development of the Green Factory Scheme in Indonesia and the Green
Labeling Scheme in the Philippines. Eco-products exhibitions were also
launched in Malaysia and the Philippines to promote relevant environmental
technologies and solutions.

The Eco-products Directory was published eight times from 2004 to 2012
(APO, n.d.) and featured environmentally friendly products and services from
companies and organizations across the Asia-Pacific region. In 2010, the Eco-
products Database was launched as an online portal listing products and
services developed within the Asia-Pacific region that aimed to minimize
environmental impacts and mitigate the effects of global warming. It provided
access to information on these eco-friendly products and services, which were
also featured in the Eco-products Directory. The final version of the Eco-
products Database, containing products listed in the 2014 Eco-products
Directory, marked the end of this initiative.

In 2006, the Handbook on Green Productivity was developed based on the

“success in six” model of getting started, planning, generating, and evaluating
GP options, implementing GP options, monitoring and reviewing, and
sustaining GP (Johannson, 2006). It primarily targeted small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector and was designed as a learning
tool to strengthen their triple bottom line of productivity, social well-being,
and environmental performance.

The tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches shared in these two

publications remain highly relevant in the present context. Moreover, the
technological advances in the last two decades have expanded the
applicability of GP tools, especially in the wake of recent climate-related
calamities (APO, 2002).

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 5

GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 1.0

In 2013, the APO approved the establishment of the Center of Excellence on

Green Productivity (APO COE on GP) in the ROC to strengthen the promotion
of GP practices. The foundation of the APO COE on GP was inspired by
activities carried out on a platform similar to GPAC in the ROC. The APO
conducted reviews through surveys and expert meetings to chart new directions
for GP in the coming decades.

In 2020, a study was conducted on Green Productivity for SDGs: Review of

Emerging and Priority Needs. It focused on fostering sustainability and
aligning with the UN sustainability efforts (Lin & Bhardwaj, 2020). The study
provided crucial insights into the promotion needs of GP in member countries,
such as the demand for certification programs, frameworks, public awareness
campaigns, and the implementation of green supply chain management
practices. Key areas of focus identified in the study included energy
management, audits, and efficiency. It also emphasized the importance of
addressing waste management and recycling and adopting Material Flow Cost
Accounting (MFCA).

By addressing these critical areas, the APO members can enhance sustainable
development, meet the SDGs, and pave the way for a more environmentally
conscious and productive future (Lin & Bhardwaj, 2020).

In 2021, the APO conducted a comprehensive study, Green Productivity and

Circular Economy: Complementary Approaches to Sustainable Development,
exploring the synergies between GP and the circular economy as complementary
approaches to sustainable development (Lin, 2022). This research examined
the impact of GP and Circular Economy (CE) policies on business performance
at the corporate level, focusing on both private and public enterprises.

The study received 1,144 valid responses from enterprises across 12 APO
member economies. Twelve national experts helped in secondary data collection
and analyses, contributing to a comprehensive evaluation. The study revealed
several key findings that offered valuable insights into the current state of GP
and the circular economy within the APO member economies (Lin, 2022).

• Recognition of Initiatives: The UN SDGs and Environmental, Social,

and Governance (ESG) initiatives were the most widely recognized
efforts among all stakeholders.

6 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 1.0

• Acceptance of GP: The GP concept was more widely accepted than

the circular economy, with the focus on energy efficiency gaining
significant attention.

• Limited Focus on Circular Economy Aspects: Enterprises

demonstrated limited concern for circular economy aspects beyond
manufacturing, such as consumption, logistics, commerce, and the
final disposal of products. A notable lack of Innovative circular
economy business models was observed.

• Assistance Desired: Workforce training and technology transfer

emerged as the top priorities for assistance, indicating a clear need for
capacity building. However, enterprises reported a lack of guidance,
tools, training, and innovative business models tailored for circular
economy practices.

• Sectoral Priorities: Green finance and networking emerged as key

priorities for green transformation in the service sector, while the
industry and agriculture sectors lagged in these aspects.

The findings from the GP and Circular Economy study underscored the need
for targeted support in training, technology transfer, and the development of
innovative business models to drive the adoption of CE practices.

The following conclusions can be drawn based on the previous studies and the
observations of GP 1.0 projects.

• GP 1.0 emphasized the manufacturing sector more than the agriculture

and service sectors.

• GP 1.0 focused primarily on strengthening resource utilization and

pollution control.

• Climate change issues were not clearly addressed.

• Private enterprises were subjected to more sustainability targets than

government entities or the general public.

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 7

GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 1.0

As we divide economic activities into production and consumption, there were

notable differences on both sides during the GP 1.0 era (Table 1).

TABLE 1
KEY OBSERVATIONS AND ISSUES IN PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION UNDER GP 1.0.
Aspects of Economy Production Consumption

• Service-sector regulatory • Behavioral changes related

frameworks are in the early to regulations require
stages. more focus.
Observations and
issues about GP • The scope of capacity • Fostering green
building, especially in procurement requires a
developing economies, shift from voluntary to
must be addressed. needed certification.

• Regulations in almost all • In addition to the

the APO members are transportation and
either in place or being building sectors, dining
developed. (food) and clothing
(textiles) require more
• Financial mechanisms,
attention.
especially in the service
sector, need further
Observations and
development.
issues about GP
• The agriculture sector
must strengthen
regulations, financial
mechanisms, and
technology upgrades,
especially in developing
economies.

8 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

STRATEGIC MAPPING AND
DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0

In response to current global sustainability initiatives to align the principles of

GP, the APO initiated a project under a Special Cash Grant from the
Government of Japan to develop GP 2.0. It required setting up of the GPA
Council, chaired by Prof. Emeritus Ryoichi Yamamoto of the University of
Tokyo, for strategic advice. A TWG was also set up to provide technical inputs
with the following objectives:

• Map GP initiatives across the APO member economies.

• Identify opportunities for GP applications in response to current

issues, global trends, and initiatives.

• Analyze GP tools, techniques, and methodologies to identify new

enablers and technologies to support GP applications.

• Develop the GP 2.0 Roadmap and identify corresponding action plans,

methodologies, projects, and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

• Provide the above outputs and technical feedback to the GPA Council
for review and strategy formulation.

Since its inception, the TWG has been actively engaged in formulating the GP
2.0 Roadmap, holding online discussions and face-to-face meetings. Some GP
experts outside of the TWG also provided specific inputs. Their reports
included mapping GP 2.0 initiatives to identify hotspots and current trends,
prioritizing approaches to address the gaps, and corresponding enablers,
technologies, and methodologies for developing action plans.

GP 2.0 Structure and Basis

Based on prior studies, investigations, and an analysis of emerging global trends in
sustainability, the proposed directions of GP 2.0 were outlined. These are as follows:

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 9

STRATEGIC MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0

• Comprehensive Coverage: GP 2.0 is envisioned to encompass all eco-

nomic activities before and after the manufacturing or production stage.

• Sequential Extension: The facets of GP will initially extend to CE,

emphasizing the efficiency of energy, materials, and water.
Subsequently, with a more holistic view of resource management, GP
2.0 will incorporate ESG aspects and the SDGs.

• Sector-specific Focus: Recognizing the diverse needs across sectors,

specific focus areas and requirements for the agriculture, industry, and
service sectors should be established.

• Continuous Support for Business Entities: GP 2.0 should

consistently support business entities through workforce training,
technology transfer, and networking initiatives.

• Supplementary Program Development: Member countries are

encouraged to develop supplementary programs alongside GP,
including policies, standards, certification systems, auditing, green
finance, and international cooperation mechanisms.

• Deepen Collaboration: The success of GP 2.0 will rely on

collaboration with relevant organizations, such as science and
technology institutes, new energy and technology organizations, and
the private sector. In addition, regular awareness and dissemination
activities will demonstrate positive outcomes.

The TWG proposed the GP 2.0 framework, as shown in Table 2, aligned with
the outlined directions of GP 2.0.

TABLE 2
CORE FRAMEWORK FOR GP 2.0 PROPOSED BY THE TWG.
Vision
Net-zero Emission
• A commitment to achieving a balance between greenhouse gas emitted
into the atmosphere and the amount removed, resulting in no net
increase in emissions.
(Continued on next page)

10 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STRATEGIC MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0

(Continued from previous page)

Vision
UN SDGs (decoupling socioeconomic growth from environmental degradation)
• Aligning with the UN SDGs to balance socioeconomic progress with
environmental sustainability.
Main Stakeholders

Producers
• Manufacturing sector

• Service sector

• Agriculture sector

• Government (regulation and guidance providers)

• Academia and NGOs (knowledge and technology providers)

Consumers
Focus Area

Regulations and Programs

• Implementing effective rules, guidelines, and strategic initiatives to
promote sustainable practices.

Financial Mechanisms
• Developing and applying financial tools and incentives to support
sustainable practices, contributing to achieving the initiative’s goals.

Operation and Technology Upgrades Mitigating Climate Change and

Enhancing Productivity
• Enhancing operational processes and adopting advanced technologies
to mitigate climate change and boost productivity.

Collaboration
• Fostering collaboration among think tanks, technology, new energy
research institutes, and the private sector.

The components in Table 2 collectively establish a comprehensive framework

for addressing sustainability challenges while fostering a balanced approach to
economic growth and environmental considerations.

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 11

STRATEGIC MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0

The Process of Study: Delphi Method

The TWG comprised of seven experts, one each from the ROC, I.R. Iran,
Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. They employed
principles of the Delphi method for mapping GP initiatives across 20 APO
member economies. The Delphi method is a structured approach to gathering
information and reaching a consensus among experts using the following steps.

Round 1: Individual evaluation by TWG members.

Round 2: Feedback and iteration to summarize the responses from the

first round.

Round 3 and Beyond (if required): Repeat the feedback and iteration
process until a consensus or convergence of opinions is achieved.

TWG members collected national and sectoral data on regulations and

programs, financial mechanisms, and operational and technological upgrades
across economic production and consumption sectors. The production data was
categorized into manufacturing, agriculture, services, the public sector,
government, and think tanks. On the consumption side, the data covered the
operation of buildings and offices, dining, clothing, transport, education, sports
and recreation, medical services, and other activities.

Gap Analysis: Identifying Hotspots

TWG experts began by identifying hotspots in each APO member economy,
focusing on implementing national sustainability and net-zero emission
policies across economic sectors (manufacturing, agriculture, services) and
consumption activities. They initially assigned scores based on their
assessments of each member economy’s current status and urgency.

To assess the current status, it was recommended to assign scores to each

element of the matrix using the following scale:

3: Developed
2: In progress
1: Starting
0: Lacking

12 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STRATEGIC MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0

To evaluate urgency, scores were assigned to each element of the matrix based
on the following principles:

3: Urgent measures required (0–5 years)

2: Short-term measures required (5–10 years)
1: Long-term measures required (10–20 years)
0: No need

The discrepancy between the current status and urgency was used to determine
the gap. Subsequently, hotspots were identified by focusing on elements with
higher gap scores for each APO member, as illustrated in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2
GAP ANALYSIS EXAMPLE: ASSESSING SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES AMONG THE APO MEMBERS.

Current Status

Production
Industry
Manufacturing Agriculture Service Public Sector Government Think Tanks
Regulations
1 1 1 0 2 0
and programs
Financial
2 1 1 2 2 2
mechanisms
Operation and
technology 1 0 1 1 1 1
upgrades
Consumption
Operation
of Buildings Sports and Medical Other
and Offices Dining Clothing Transport Education Recreations Services Activities
Regulations
1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
and programs
Financial
0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0
mechanisms
Operation and
technology 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
upgrades

(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 13

STRATEGIC MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0

(Continued from previous page)

Urgency

Production
Industry
Manufacturing Agriculture Service Public Sector Government Think Tanks
Regulations and
3 3 3 0 3 0
programs
Financial
3 3 3 2 2 0
mechanisms
Operation and
technology 3 3 3 2 2 2
upgrades

Consumption
Operation
of Buildings Sports and Medical Other
and Offices Dining Clothing Transport Education Recreations Services Activities
Regulations
3 2 3 3 1 1 1 0
and programs
Financial
3 2 3 2 1 1 1 0
mechanisms
Operation and
technology 3 2 3 3 2 1 1 0
upgrades

(Continued on next page)

The inference from the gap scores is as follows: a score of 0 indicates that no
further effort is needed, a score of 1 suggests that long-term efforts are required,
a score of 2 reflects the need for further improvement, and a score of 3 signifies
that significant and immediate efforts are necessary.

Identifying Approaches and Enablers

After conducting the gap analysis for each member economy and synthesizing
the scores for all 20 members, the TWG members were guided to identify and
suggest approaches based on the combined analysis results. These approaches
aimed to bridge the gap between GP 1.0 and GP 2.0 for each “hotspot” and
were determined through a two-layer approach of weighing and prioritizing
questionnaires in the TWG meetings and workshops.

14 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STRATEGIC MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0

(Continued from previous page)

Gap

Production
Industry
Manufacturing Agriculture Service Public Sector Government Think Tanks
Regulations and
2 2 2 0 1 0
programs
Financial
1 2 2 0 0 2
mechanisms
Operation and
technology 2 2 2 1 1 1
upgrades

Consumption
Operation
of Buildings Sports and Medical Other
and Offices Dining Clothing Transport Education Recreations Services Activities
Regulations
2 2 0 2 1 1 1 0
and programs

Financial
3 2 0 0 1 1 1 0
mechanisms

Operation and
technology 3 2 0 3 2 1 1 0
upgrades

Determining Priority and Time Frames

After identifying the approaches, the priorities and implementation timeframes
for various approaches were determined using the Delphi method. In addition to
the TWG members, experts in GP were included in the consultation process to
provide insights into the key items and priorities of GP 2.0.

Establishing the GP 2.0 Ecosystem

In addition to the gap analysis and approach identification, an auxiliary
ecosystem of GP 2.0 was designed to create an environment that supports the
transition to and facilitation of GP implementation. The GP 2.0 ecosystem
comprises five key elements: mapping, rating, management systems, reporting,

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 15

STRATEGIC MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT OF GP 2.0

and labeling. Two supporting elements, guidebooks and a database, complement

these core components.

Together, these seven elements address the identified approaches, facilitate

the adoption of technologies, deepen collaboration, engage relevant
stakeholders, promote carbon-neutral and carbon-positive products,
technologies, and services, and link the APO activities to serve its members
better. The ecosystem is intended to expand GP applications, provide practical
tools for policymakers, industries, and professionals working toward
environment-friendly business growth, and strengthen the APO certification
schemes for developing GP specialists.

In addition, the GP 2.0 ecosystem enhances the APO’s role in providing

solutions for overall socioeconomic development at the regional level, with
productivity enhancement at the core and facilitating the decoupling of
industrial development from environmental degradation.

16 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

STUDY RESULTS

Summary of the Gap Analysis Results

During the initial phase of the GP 2.0 development project, TWG members
conducted a comprehensive gap analysis of regulations, financial mechanisms,
and technological capabilities related to sustainability initiatives across 20
APO members. Each member exhibited unique strengths and required specific
upgrades to meet evolving global advocacy requirements. Therefore,
discussions on sustainability issues for any particular economy were to consider
its circumstances. The TWG’s synthesis of individual member assessments
revealed the following trends and issues.

• Overall, the regulations supporting sustainability from the production

perspective are either already in place or progressing for all members.
However, the regulatory framework for the service sector remains in its
early stages.

• Over the past decades, manufacturing has focused significantly on

technological and solution upgrades. However, some countries, such as the
I.R. Iran and Fiji, still require capacity building in operational processes.

• The manufacturing sectors of the I.R. Iran, Mongolia, and Sri Lanka
need further development of financial mechanisms. Similarly,
financial mechanisms are necessary for the service sector in Cambodia,
the ROC, I.R. Iran, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.

• In the underemphasized agriculture sector, Bangladesh, India, the I.R.

Iran, Pakistan, and the Philippines require strengthening all three pillars
of regulation, financial mechanisms, and technology upgrades. Mongolia
needs more assistance establishing financial mechanisms, while the
Republic of Korea (ROK) requires additional regulatory measures.

• From the consumption perspective, unlike production activities, the

past decades have seen fewer initiatives on behavioral changes related

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 17

STUDY RESULTS

to consumption or demand, particularly at the regulatory level.

Initiatives in transportation, buildings, and offices have gained
traction, often promoted voluntarily or through financial mechanisms
like subsidies.

• Several APO members have implemented certification systems for

green buildings, fostering green procurement and other sustainability
measures. Apart from buildings, offices, and transportation, dining
and clothing are expected to receive increased attention for
sustainability in the future.

The TWG’s activities began by mapping GP initiatives across all 20 APO

members using the Delphi method. The observations related to the production
aspect can be summarized as follows.

• Service-sector regulatory frameworks are still in their early stages.

• The scope of capacity building, especially in developing economies,

must be addressed.

• Regulations in almost all the APO members are either already in place
or currently being developed.

• Financial mechanisms, especially in the service sector, require further

development.

• The agriculture sector in developing economies requires strengthening

regulations, financial mechanisms, and technology upgrades.

The observations related to the consumption aspect can be summarized as follows.

• Behavioral changes related to regulation need more focus.

• Fostering green procurement requires a shift from voluntary to

required certification.

• Besides the transportation and building sectors, the dining (food) and
clothing (textiles) sectors require more attention.

18 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STUDY RESULTS

Hotspots from all the APO members have been consolidated into comprehensive
tables for production (Figure 3) and consumption (Figure 4), serving as a basis
for further analysis and consideration.

FIGURE 3
PRODUCTION HOTSPOTS OF APO MEMBERS FOR GP 2.0.
Manufacturing Agriculture Service Public Sector Government Think Tanks

Regulations and
25 32 35 21 21 24
Programs
Financial
32 30 43 16 21 22
Mechanisms
Operational and
Technology 30 31 35 25 25 30
Upgrades

FIGURE 4
CONSUMPTION HOTSPOTS OF APO MEMBERS FOR GP 2.0.
Operation of
Buildings and Sports and Medical Other
Offices Dining Clothing Transport Education Recreation Services Activities

Regulations
26 23 18 34 29 25 22 16
and Programs
Financial
35 19 18 27 21 21 18 15
Mechanisms
Operational
and Technology 37 25 21 39 26 20 22 15
Upgrades

The hotspot outcomes from Figures 3 and 4 have been reorganized and summarized
in Table 3 to represent different sectors.

TABLE 3
HOTSPOTS FOR GP 2.0 ACROSS DIFFERENT SECTORS.
Regulations and Financial Operation and
Pillars Programs Mechanisms Technology Upgrades
Agriculture  
Manufacturing  
(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 19

STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Regulations and Financial Operation and

Pillars Programs Mechanisms Technology Upgrades
Services 
Buildings   
Transportation  

Determination of Approaches
TWG members determined the strategies for the initial phase of GP 2.0 based
on the outcomes of the previous gap analysis and a weighting system, as
outlined in Table 4. The approaches aimed at bridging the gaps across various
sectors and pillars, on which the current status rating and gap analysis were
based, are summarized.

TABLE 4
APPROACHES IDENTIFIED FOR GP 2.0 IMPLEMENTATION.
Sector Approaches
Government schemes
• Government grants for capacity building, incubator setting,
manufacturing upgrades, and energy efficiency
• Tax incentives
Green financial markets and mechanisms
• Carbon trading and offsets
• Green bonds and other financial products
• Standards for financing (environmental taxonomy)
Improvement of products and physical facilities
• Ecodesign
Manufacturing
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Improvement of processes and management
• Industry 4.0
◦ Green supply chains
◦ Clean production
• Greenhouse Gases (GHG) inventory
• CE promotion
Assisting mechanisms
• GP management systems
• Green certification and standards

(Continued on next page)

20 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Sector Approaches
Regulations and programs
• Water use regulations
Smart, sustainable agriculture operations
• Precision farming and use of drone applications
• Indigenous species plantation, land management, and
ecosystem-based agriculture
Agriculture • Sustainable irrigation and rainwater utilization
• Adaptation to climate change in farming
Circular economy practices
• Organic fertilizer and agriculture waste to energy
Renewable energy utilization and applications
• Renewable energy uses
• Agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics
Government schemes
• Grants for innovation projects and energy efficiency
• Tax incentives for innovation projects and energy efficiency
Services
Financial mechanisms
• Green finance for the service sector
• Green procurement for the service sector
Buildings and Offices
• Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) and
Green Building Index
• Trash sorting regulations and infrastructure
• Shared working spaces and flexible working hours/locations
• Incentives for:
◦ Renewable energy use
◦ Retrofitting and use of local materials, renewable
Consumption materials, recycled construction waste, etc.
(buildings,
◦ Green building loans
offices, and
transportation) ◦ Encouraging ecodesign of buildings
Transport
• Incentives and regulations
◦ Incentives for the transition from Internal Combustion
Engines (ICE) to Electric Vehicles (EV)
• System design and optimization
◦ Sustainable mobility: public transport, cycling
infrastructure, carpooling and ride-sharing
• Efficiency and optimization in transport systems

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 21

STUDY RESULTS

The TWG experts assigned two-layer weighting percentages to the approaches

to establish the relative importance of each approach within individual sectors.
These approaches were subsequently categorized into three groups: Behavior
Change, Management Systems, and Tools and Techniques. Based on the
weighting results, TWG members selected 14 pivotal approaches (Table 5) for
concentrated attention. To refine the initial approaches identified, it was
essential to define the critical elements of GP 1.0 and understand any similarities
in approaches that remain relevant under the current circumstances. Referring
to the APO Handbook and Training Manual on GP, the critical elements of GP
1.0 were classified, as shown in Table 6, along with the approaches for GP 2.0.

TABLE 5
CRITICAL APPROACHES FOR GP 2.0 VS. TYPICAL APPROACHES IN GP 1.0.
Focused Approaches
Classification GP 2.0 GP 1.0
• Regulations and financial
• Environmental awareness
incentives for production
Behavior • Social engagement
sectors
Change • Sustainable commutation,
• Regulations and financial
dining, and office operations
incentives for consumers
• Carbon trading and offsets
• Industry 4.0 • EMS
• GP Management Systems • Green procurement
Management
(GPMS) • Supply chain management
Systems
• Agricultural regulations and • Measurement, reporting,
planning regulations, and compliance
• Green procurement
• Ecodesign • LCA
• Adaptation in industry • Energy saving and renewable
(manufacturing) energy
• Agricultural circular economy • Waste minimization and
practices resource efficiency
Tools and • Agricultural renewable • Cleaner production and green
Techniques energy uses and generation technology innovation
• Adaptation in agriculture • Ecodesign or design for the
• Green finance tools and environment
standards • Carbon footprint reduction
• Transportation system • Green buildings and infra-
optimization structure

22 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STUDY RESULTS

Supplementing the conclusions drawn from the TWG meeting using the Delphi
method, additional inputs from the GPA Council Chair and the non-TWG GP
experts were incorporated through two consultation meetings. The revised
results are outlined by the characteristics of the approaches in Table 6.

TABLE 6
GP 2.0 APPROACHES CLASSIFIED BY ATTRIBUTES.
Classification Focus Approaches

• Happiness economy

Behavior • Society 5.0

Change • Resource-minded economic development

• Bioeconomy
Agriculture

• Regulations on water, digitalization, and tools

• Adaptation to climate change in agriculture

• Land management like precision farming, eco-based agricul-

ture, and biodiversity

Manufacturing

• Regulations and financial incentives

• Adaptation to climate change

• Carbon trading and offsets

Management
Systems • Industry 4.0

• GP management systems

Services

• Green finance tools and standards

• Smart building management

• Facility management

• Sustainable supply chain management

Consumption

• Regulations and financial incentives for consumption

(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 23

STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Classification Focus Approaches

Agriculture

• Practice improvement

• Circular economy practices

• Energy-related approaches

Manufacturing

• Four-stage model of ecoinnovation

• Ecomaterials, ecoproducts, product–service system

Tools and
Techniques
• Eco and green labeling

• Company and product information disclosure

Services

• Digital technologies

Consumption

• Green procurement

• Ethical consumption

Prioritizing Approaches and Its Linkages to Segments of

Sustainability
Drawing on inputs from the GPA Council Chair and other GP experts, TWG
members were asked to complete a questionnaire, assign weights to the
finalized approaches, and define the implementation timeline based on urgency.
The timeline was divided into three stages: initiatives to be completed by 2030
for short-term goals, 2030–40 for mid-term goals, and 2040–50 for long-term
goals. The finalized list, including 30 approaches, and the targeted time frames
for implementation, is presented in Table 7.

24 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STUDY RESULTS

TABLE 7
FINAL GP 2.0 APPROACHES WITH RELATIVE PRIORITIES AND TARGETED TIME FRAMES.
Sector Approach Priority P1 P2 P3

SDGs 1 *

Sufficiency-based
2 * * *
circular economy

All Sectors Bioeconomy 3 * *

Society 5.0 4 * *

ESG initiatives 5 * *

Happiness economy 6 *

Regulations on water,
1 * *
digitalization, and tools

Adaptation to climate
2 * * *
change

Practice improvement 3 * *
Agriculture
Land management 4 *

Circular economy
5 *
practices

Energy-related
6 *
approaches

GP management
systems, standards, and 1 * * *
certification

Adaptation to climate
Manufacturing 2 * * *
change

Regulations and
3 * *
financial incentives

Eco and green labeling 4 * *

(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 25

STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Sector Approach Priority P1 P2 P3

Industry 4.0 5 *

Carbon trading and

6 *
offsets

Four-stage model of
7 *
ecoinnovation
Manufacturing
Ecomaterials,
ecoproducts, and
8 *
product–service
systems

Company and product

9 *
information disclosure

Digital technologies 1 * * *

Green finance tools and

2 * *
standards

Sustainable supply
3 * * *
Services chain management

Smart building
4 * * *
management

Facility management 5 * * *

Green tourism 6 * * *

Regulations and
financial incentives for 1 * *
consumption
Consumption
Green procurement 2 * * *

Ethical consumption 3 * * *

Note: P1, P2, and P3 indicate the time frame, where P1: before 2030; P2: 2030–40; and P3: 2040–50.

26 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STUDY RESULTS

The approaches complement the key segments of sustainability while keeping

the GP concept at its core, specifically focusing on strengthening the triple
bottom line. The linkages between the approaches and various segments of
sustainability, i.e., social, economic, and environment bottom lines, are shown
in Figure 5.

FIGURE 5
LINKING GP 2.0 APPROACHES TO SEGMENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY.

Economic Prosperity + Social Well-being +

Social Well-being + Environmental Protection
Environmental Protection
• Regulations on water,
• Sustainable Development Goals digitalization, and tools
• Sufficiency-based CE • Regulations and
• Society 5.0 financial incentives
• ESG initiatives • Sustainable supply
• Happiness economy chain management
• GP management systems, • Regulations and
standards, and certification financial incentives for
• Green financing tools and consumption
standards Social Well-being

• Company and
product Social Well-being +
information Economic Prosperity
disclosure
• Adaptation to climate
change in the
Economic Prosperity + Environmental agriculture sector
Protection • Adaptation to climate
change in the
• Bioeconomy manufacturing sector
• Practice improvement
• Land management Environment
• Circular economy practices Protection
• Energy-related approaches
• Industry 4.0 • Eco and green labeling
• Four-stage model of ecoinnovation • Carbon trading and
• Ecomaterials, ecoproducts, and offsets
product–service systems • Smart building
• Digital technologies management
• Facility management
• Green tourism
• Green procurement
• Ethical consumption

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 27

STUDY RESULTS

Identifying Enablers and Technologies

After extensive discussions within the TWG and during consultation meetings,
a consensus was reached on the enablers and technologies that complement the
GP approaches. These were agreed upon, with potential for further refinement,
as detailed in Table 8.

TABLE 8
INITIAL ENABLERS AND TECHNOLOGIES AGREED UPON BY TWG MEMBERS.
All Sectors

• Sustainable business models

• Green job creation
• Green finance and ESG rating
• Transition cost assessment
• True-cost accounting

Agriculture/Food/Forestry

• Financial support schemes like insurance, investment, loans, and subsidies

• Training and capacity development
• Technologies, including digital technologies and apps, breeding, renewable
energy use, agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics, and new production technologies
• Market information
• Infrastructure like gardening with blue-green infrastructure
• Regulatory structure
• Precision farming
• Bio-based products, including bioplastics and biodegradable clothing
• Sustainable stormwater management programs
• Nature-based solutions like indigenous species, genetic and local resource
plantations, and eco-based biodiverse agriculture
• Soil health monitoring and maintenance
• Agroforestry development
• Sustainable irrigation and rainwater utilization
• Reduction of food loss

(Continued on next page)

28 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Agriculture/Food/Forestry

• Farm material recycling

• Organic fertilizers
• Bioenergy from organic waste and plants
• Composting, biogas, and waste-to-energy programs
• Crop rotation and diversification

Manufacturing and Industry

• Existing GP 1.0 technologies

◦ Hazardous substance management
◦ Health and Safety Environment Security (HSES)
◦ LCA and social LCA
◦ MFCA
◦ Eco and green labeling
• Ecoefficiency and material efficiency strategies
• Design for system innovation and transitions
• Nature-based solutions
• Sustainable business models
• GP for kids and SMEs
• Access to finance mechanisms, such as green bonds
• Utilizing treated wastewater instead of disposal under circular economy
principles and retrofitting for green buildings
• Utilization of nanocoating technologies for insulation or waterproofing
• Four-stage model of ecoinnovation
• Ecomaterials, ecoproducts, and product–service systems
• Environmental information disclosures for companies and products

Services

• Society 5.0 technology

◦ Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and data analytics
(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 29

STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Services

◦ Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered customer insight

◦ Digital twin technology
◦ Blockchain
• Government support and incentives
• Public-private financing
• Regional transaction carbon market development
• Integrated transportation systems
Consumption

• Programs and incentives for consumers

• Green procurement policies
• Ethical consumption guidelines
• Mobile apps for green products, services, and other consumption resources

The following methodologies were also collectively endorsed, providing

additional opportunities for refinement. The proposed methodologies were
designed with the APO mission, resources, and mandate in view.

• GP demonstration projects

• GP adaptations for SMEs

• Tool and technology packages

• GP visualization

• Green clusters

• Economic and environmental Return on Investment (RoI) or cost-

benefit analysis

• Capacity building, training, and workshops

• Networking

30 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STUDY RESULTS

• Technology transfer and development

• Data collection via sensors and big data analytics

• GP for kids

• Professional GP education in schools and universities

Utilizing the outcomes from Table 8 and the agreed-upon methodologies, the
approaches, enablers, associated weights, and methodologies have been
consolidated and summarized across various sectors in Table 9.

TABLE 9
CONSOLIDATED APPROACHES, ENABLERS, TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODOLOGIES.
Sector Approach Enabler and Technology Methodology

SDGs • Sustainable business models • GP demo

Sufficiency- • Creation of green jobs and jobs for nature projects
based circular • Green finance and ESG rating • GP visualization
economy • Green clusters
• Transition cost assessment
Bioeconomy • Economic and
• True-cost accounting
Society 5.0 environmental
• Green consumption market RoI or cost-
All Sectors
ESG initiatives • Green technologies benefit analysis
Happiness • Standards of CE, Society 5.0, related conformity • Education
economy assessment guides ◦ GP for kids
• Green products and services ◦ Professional
• Green award systems GP education
◦ Fair working environment in schools and
universities
◦ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), ESG, GP

Regulations • Financial support schemes like insurance, • Demo projects

on water, investment, loans, and subsidies • GP modulations
digitalization, • Training and capacity development for SMEs
and tools • Technologies (digital technologies and apps, • Tool and
Agriculture
Adaptation to breeding, renewable energy use, agrivoltaics technology
climate and aquavoltaics, and new production packages
change technologies) • Green clusters

(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 31

STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Sector Approach Enabler and Technology Methodology

Practice • Market information and support in the • Economic and
improvement exchange of green products and services environmental
• Infrastructure (gray infrastructure and RoI or cost-
Land
gardening with blue-green infrastructure) benefit analysis
management
capacity
CE practices • Regulatory structure building,
• Precision farming and drones training,
Energy-
• Bioeconomy with bio-based products, workshops
related
approaches including bioplastics (not competing with • Networking
food), biodegradable clothing, upcycled • Technology
agricultural-waste products transfer and
• Sustainable stormwater management development
programs, including rainwater utilization • Data collection
• Nature-based solutions (indigenous species via sensors and
and genetic, local resource plantations, and analysis of big
eco-based agriculture with biodiversity) data
• Soil health monitoring and maintenance
Agriculture
• Agroforest development
• Sustainable irrigation
• Reduction of food loss
• Organic fertilizers, including compost, animal
manure, sewage sludge, and other biowaste
• Bioenergy from organic waste and plants,
including biogas and waste-to-energy
technologies
• Crop rotation and diversification
• Ecosystem-based services
• Standards of smart green agriculture,
sustainable development and management of
water, soil, forests, and related conformity
assessment guides
• Tree plantations for biomass used for energy
generation and green charcoal
GP • Existing GP 1.0 technologies • Demo projects
management ◦ Hazardous substance management • GP modulations
Manufacturing systems, ◦ HSES for SMEs
standards, and ◦ LCA and social LCA
certification ◦ MFCA

(Continued on next page)

32 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Sector Approach Enabler and Technology Methodology

Adaptation to ◦ Eco and green labeling • Tool and
climate • Ecoefficiency and material efficiency strategies technology
change packages
• Design for system innovation and transitions
Regulations • GP visualization
• Nature-based solutions
and financial • Green clusters
incentives • Sustainable business models
• Economic and
Eco and green • GP for SMEs environmental
labeling • Access to finance mechanisms, such as green RoI or cost-
bonds benefit analysis
Industry 4.0
• Utilizing treated wastewater instead of disposal • Capacity
Carbon under the CE principle building,
trading and training,
• Retrofit for green buildings
offsets and workshops
Manufacturing • Utilization of nanocoating technologies for
Four-stage insulation or waterproofing • Networking
model of • Technology
• Four-stage model of eco-innovation
eco- transfer and
innovation • Ecomaterials, ecoproducts, product-service development
system
Ecomaterials, • Research
• Company and product environmental info on development
ecoproducts,
disclosure of GP
product-
service • Standards of carbon footprints, accounting, eco management
systems and green products, advanced quality and system
safety assurance management systems, and standards
Company and certification models • Research and
product
development of
information
GPO for SMEs
disclosure
Digital • Society 5.0 technology • Demo projects
technologies ◦ IoT sensors and data analytics • GP modulations
Green finance for SMEs
◦ AI-powered customer insight
tools and • Tool and
◦ Digital twin technology technology
standards
◦ Blockchain packages
Services Sustainable
• Government support and incentives • GP visualization
supply chain
management • Public-private financing • Green clusters
• Regional transaction • Economic and
Smart
environmental
building • Carbon market development RoI or cost-
management • Integrated transportation system benefit analysis

(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 33

STUDY RESULTS

(Continued from previous page)

Sector Approach Enabler and Technology Methodology

Facility • Green financing mechanism • Capacity
management • Standards for smart building materials, building,
Services construction structures, architects, eco and training,
Green tourism
green tourism models with related workshops
measurement methods and certification • Networking
Regulations • Programs and incentives for consumers • Demo projects
and financial • Green procurement policies • GP visualization
incentives for
• Ethical consumption guidelines
consumption
Consumption • Mobile apps for green products, services, and
Green other resources
procurement
Ethical
consumption

34 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

THE GP 2.0 AND ROADMAP

The approaches, enablers, and methodologies outlined in Table 9 for GP 2.0 are
tailored to specific sectors, featuring distinct time frames and weights for each
approach. This delineation is crucial for addressing prioritization and resource
allocation challenges. The activities presented in Table 9 are recommended for
the APO members to advance GP in the coming decades. However, these
proposed activities and training initiatives necessitate further updates through
fundamental research, investigations, and planning to serve as guiding tools
and backups. A comprehensive GP 2.0 ecosystem can be systematically
developed to create positive feedback loops.

While proposing the following key aspects of the roadmap, namely the future
action plans, TWG members considered the APO mandate and developed the
activities at broader and individual approach levels. This included developing
the GP 2.0 ecosystem and creating the Project Bank. The vital inputs and rec-
ommendations from the GPA Council were crucial in fundamentally defining
the activities under GP 2.0 Roadmap.

Besides the effective implementation of the activities proposed under the GP

2.0 Roadmap, the overall success of expanding the GP requires increased
awareness and dissemination of the initiatives implemented under GP 2.0. This
awareness and dissemination effort calls for the involvement of relevant
stakeholders, including the APO Secretariat, senior staff of National
Productivity Organizations, and policymakers from various APO members, to
share positive outcomes, learnings, challenges, and best practices during an
international conference, ideally every three years.

GP 2.0, which includes the GP 2.0 ecosystem and a Project Bank, expands the
applicability of the GP concept beyond manufacturing to services, consumption,
and agriculture sectors. It also deepens the concept by providing additional
tools and pathways to achieve overall socioeconomic development. The primary
aim of GP 2.0 is to build capacity at the individual level, strengthen triple
bottom lines at the organizational level, and facilitate informed decision-making
at the policy level through the development of systems, schemes, digital tools,

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 35

THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

and databanks. This will be achieved through the involvement of sector-specific

technical experts, government institutions, academia, and think tanks.

Development of the GP 2.0 Ecosystem

The GP 2.0 ecosystem is aligned with the approaches and enablers identified
at a broader level. The key elements proposed for implementation include the
development of GP mapping, GP rating, GP management systems, GP manuals
and guidebooks, GP databases, GP reporting systems, and GP labeling. All
these elements complement each other and will strengthen the existing APO
Certification Scheme for Development of GP Specialists. They also enhance
the role of the APO in providing solutions for overall socioeconomic
development at the regional level, with productivity enhancement at its core
while facilitating the decoupling of industrial development from environmental
degradation.

To establish a complete GP ecosystem, specific research activities must be

undertaken within the APO Secretariat for future use by all members. Areas for
further research include, but are not limited to, the following.

GP Mapping
Definition: Accurate visualization of the existing status of policies and efforts
related to GP, including variations in environmental degradation, resource
exploitation, GDP, GHG emissions, employment, and social justice compared
to productivity.

Requirement: Establish key data points and parameters for data collection,
visualization, and analysis to gain insights into the implications of efforts and
linkages with net-zero emission targets.

Proposed Implementation Time Frame: 2025–26 (12 months).

Target: Policymakers.

Deliverable: An online APO GP map.

Benefits: It will help policymakers make informed decisions on productivity

enhancement, environmental protection, human resources development, and

36 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

economic prosperity at the national level. It will also allow them to

learn about initiatives among other APO members, providing policy
draft benchmarks.

GP Rating System
Definition: A tool designed to assess the overall GP performance of
organizations.

Requirement: Define KPIs using measurable, reliable data inputs.

Proposed Implementation Time Frame: 2025–26 (12 months).

Target: SMEs.

Deliverable: The APO GP Rating tool.

Benefits: APO GP Specialists can act as consultants to rate the existing

performance of SMEs. They will be able to determine their existing baseline
performance and work to identify gaps for improving their ratings.
The database of participating enterprises across APO members will allow
benchmarking among SMEs at the regional level and serve as a basis for
the APO to develop demonstration and Technical Expert Services
(TES) projects.

GP Database
Content: A database on nature-based, carbon-neutral, carbon-positive, and
environment-friendly products, services, and technologies.

Requirement: Establish a convenient database to enhance enterprises’

performance and assist APO Certified GP Specialists in identifying relevant
options for implementation at the ground level.

Proposed Implementation Time Frame: 2025–26 (12 months).

Deliverables: A database published biennially.

Benefits: APO members Japan, the ROC, the ROK, and Singapore utilize many
products, services, and technologies that contribute to decoupling industrialization

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 37

THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

from environmental degradation. This database will facilitate the transfer of

technologies and service delivery methods and the adoption of nature-based,
carbon-neutral, and carbon-positive products across APO member societies.

GP Guidebooks
Objective: Tailoring GP 2.0 methods for different industries needed to develop
industry-specific manuals and guidebooks.

Proposed Implementation Time Frame: 2025–27 (24 months).

Target: Professionals working on environmentally friendly business growth

and APO Certified GP Specialists.

Deliverables: A set of comprehensive references on GP frameworks for

various industrial sectors.

Benefits: Similar to the APO training manuals and handbook on GP 1.0,

these guidebooks will serve as an information bank on GP and enhance
the capacity of GP specialists seeking certification. The APO could
further implement multi-country projects to develop and enhance the
capacity of participants working on climate change mitigation across APO
member countries.

GP Management Systems
Definition: Protocols for organizations to follow, comprehend, document,
become certified in, and improve their performance in GP.

Principle: Emphasizes continuous improvement, with clear statements and

status reports as essential components.

Proposed Implementation Time Frame: 2026–28 (24 months).

Target: SMEs.

Deliverables: A guide and manual on GPMS and their implementation.

Benefits: GP specialists can act as consultants to implement the management

systems. For SMEs, it will help bridge the gaps identified in GP ratings, thereby

38 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

strengthening their triple bottom lines. The APO could implement demonstration
projects to showcase the positive outcomes of successfully implementing GPMS.

GP Reporting System
Definition: A reporting system for enterprises to use when disclosing
information on projects, outcomes, and financial expenditures, focusing on
productivity and quality enhancement, human resources well-being, and safety
improvement in environmental performance.

Requirement: Establish key measurable parameters for disclosure based on

pillars of the GP concept.

Proposed Implementation Time Frame: 2026–28 (24 months).

Target: SMEs.

Deliverables: A handbook and training manual on the GP reporting system.

Benefits: GP specialists can act as consultants to help businesses prepare

reports. SMEs can use disclosure reports to establish themselves as productive
and environmentally responsible organizations, gaining access to financing for
further business growth. The APO can implement various demonstration
projects among members to showcase the implementation procedures and
positive outcomes. Other projects, such as Bilateral Cooperation between NPOs
(BCN) and Individual-country Observational Study Mission (IOSM), could
also be offered to facilitate the sharing best practices among the APO members.
This would foster the adoption of green, carbon-neutral, and carbon-positive
products, services, and technologies in society across the APO members.

GP Labeling Scheme
Definition: A GP label to certify that a product, service, or technology adheres
to the principles of GP.

Requirement: Establish KPIs and measurable parameters to rate performance.

Proposed Implementation Time Frame: 2027–28 (12 months).

Deliverable: A manual on the GP labeling scheme.

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 39

THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

Benefits: The GP label will encourage the development of green supply chains.
It will also empower consumers and end-users by promoting ethical consumption
through informed decision-making when procuring products or services.
Enterprises can use the GP label as a unique selling point to differentiate their
products, services, or technologies. The APO could implement demonstration
and TES projects related to the labeling scheme, followed by IOSM and BCN
projects to facilitate sharing best practices. This would foster the adoption of
green, carbon-neutral, and carbon-positive products, services, and technologies
across the APO member societies.

Organizations can be engaged to determine the budget implications and time

frames required based on discussions with experts. It is suggested that GP
mapping be initiated first, followed by the development of guidebooks, rating
systems, and databases. Management systems, reporting, and labeling should
be further developed. Figure 6 summarizes all the key elements of the GP 2.0
ecosystem, including the proposed development timeline for each element,
and illustrates the inter-linkages between them.

In addition, the GP rating system should be developed for businesses, especially

SMEs in the manufacturing sector, and subsequently for the service and agriculture
sectors. This would allow for the effective mobilization of financial and human

FIGURE 6
THE GP 2.0 ECOSYSTEM.
Database of green
Mapping products, equipment,
(2025) machinery, and
technologies (2025)
Labeling Scheme Rating System
(2027) (2025)

GP 2.0
Ecosystem Guidebook (2025)

Management
Reporting System
Systems
(2026)
(2026) APO certification
scheme for GP
specialists

40 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 TABLE 10
THE OUTLOOK OF THE GP 2.0 ECOSYSTEM.
GP 2.0 Ecosystem
Management Reporting Labeling
Mapping Guidebooks Rating System Database Systems System Scheme
Definition Visualization Tailoring GP 2.0 Assessing the Database on Protocols for A reporting A labeling
of policies and methods for overall green ecoproducts, organizational- system for system for GP
efforts at different productivity services, and level GP enterprises to confirmation
national level industries performance technologies performance disclose
on GP of enhancement related
organizations information
Proposed 2025–26 2025–27 2025–26 2025–26 2026–28 2026–28 2027–28
Time Frame (12 months) (24 months) (12 months) (12 months) (24 months) (24 months) (12 months)
Target Policymakers Professionals SMEs across SMEs across SMEs across the SMEs across SMEs across
across the APO the APO the APO APO members the APO the APO
members members members members members
Deliverable An online GP Industry- APO GP Rating A database A guide and A handbook A manual on
Map specific tool book manual on GP and training GP labeling
comprehensive published on a Management manual on the scheme
material on the biennium Systems GP Reporting
GP framework basis System

(Continued on next page)

THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 41

 (Continued from previous page)
THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

GP 2.0 Ecosystem
Management Reporting Labeling
Mapping Guidebooks Rating System Database Systems System Scheme
Benefits Assisting Providing an • Ascertaining • Transferring A ready Leveraging the • Fostering
policymakers information enterprises’ and adopt- reckoner for the disclosure green supply
in informed bank on GP for existing ing green or APO GP report to gain chain
decision- the APO GP baseline ecoproducts, Specialists in access to development
making. Specialists performance technolo- improving finances for
• Promoting
and the gaps gies, and enterprise-level SMEs

42 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

ethical
to improve services for triple bottom
consumption
sustainability line.
• Providing a
• Providing a
base for
selling point
demonstra-
for enter-
tion and TES
prises
projects
 THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

resources. Moreover, as GP 1.0 primarily focuses on manufacturing, existing GP

tools and techniques can be referenced while developing the GP rating system for
manufacturing SMEs. Similarly, the development of GPMS could be initiated for
the manufacturing sector and later expanded to the agriculture and service sectors.

Project Bank Under GP 2.0

Based upon the approaches identified, the TWG members proposed 29 projects
as the initial Project Bank, as summarized in Table 11. Further the 30 approaches
and their corresponding enablers, technologies, and methodologies provide an
ideal basis for the APO Secretariat to develop additional projects beyond the
initial list.

The Project Bank has been created to address the gaps identified at the corporate
and regional levels. Country-specific projects may be devised to meet the
needs at the individual country level.

TABLE 11
POTENTIAL PROJECT LIST.
No. Sector Title Approach Type of Project

Principles and Best Multicountry

Sufficiency-
1 Practices of the Observational
based CE
Sufficiency-based CE Study Mission

Linking ESG with the Multicountry

2 SDGs by Innovative ESG Observational
Business Models Study Mission

Bioeconomy Solutions Multicountry

3 All and Technology Bioeconomy Observational
Demonstrations Study Mission

APO Green Productivity Happiness Research and

4
Awards Economy Demonstration

Individual-
Society 5.0 for Net-zero
country
5 Emissions and Society 5.0
Observational
Sustainability
Study Mission
(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 43

THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

(Continued from previous page)

No. Sector Title Approach Type of Project

Leveraging GP to Help
Youth Accelerate the
6 Emergence of a Green, SDGs Research
Sustainable Economy
Aligned with the SDGs

Better Business:
Leveraging ESG to
Research and
7 Enhance Green, ESG
Multicountry
Sustainable Finance
Opportunities
All
Solid Waste Exchange
for the Environmental Sufficiency- Research and
8
Progress (SWEEP) based CE Demonstration
Project

Sufficiency-
Upscaling Plastic
9 based Circular Demonstration
Waste
Economy

Turning Compostable
Research and
10 Waste into Bioorganic Bioeconomy
Demonstration
Fertilizer
Research on
Developing Green
11 Productivity GPMS Research
Management Systems
Workshop on
Manufacturing
Enhancing Access to
Finance for MSMEs for Regulations
Multicountry
12 Technological and Financial
(Workshop)
Upgrading and Incentives
Resource Efficiency

(Continued on next page)

44 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

(Continued from previous page)

No. Sector Title Approach Type of Project

Research on
Adaptation Policies, Adaptation to
13 Strategies, and Climate Research
Measures for Climate- Change
resilient Industries

Stock-taking Research
on National
Ecolabelling Schemes Eco/Green
14 Research
and Green Public Labeling
Procurement in APO
Members
Manufacturing
Sectoral Research on
Application and
15 Adoption of Industry Industry 4.0 Research
4.0 in Manufacturing
Sectors

A Systems Approach to
Better Small Business:
How a Green
16 GPMS Research
Productivity
Management Systems
Can Enhance Prosperity

Study on Regulation of Regulations on

Smart Agricultural Water,
17 Research
Digitalization and Digitalization,
Tools in APO Members and Tools
Agriculture
Conference on
Reduction of Food Circular
Multicountry
18 Loss and Waste for Economy
(Conference)
Sustainable Food Practices
Systems

(Continued on next page)

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 45

THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

(Continued from previous page)

No. Sector Title Approach Type of Project

Study on Agriculture
Circular
Waste Management
19 Economy Research
and the Circular
Practices
Economy

Study on Water
Regulations and Regulations on
Governance for Water,
20 Agriculture Research
Enhancing Water Digitalization
Security in APO and Tools
Members

Roadmap for
Adaptation to
Achieving Net-zero
21 Climate Research
Emissions in APO
Change
Members by 2050

Development of a Sustainable
22 Roadmap for Sustain- Supply Chain Research
able Supply Chains Management

Developing Multicountry
23 Sustainable Practices Green Tourism Observational
for Green Tourism Study Mission

Assessing the State of Digital

24 Research
Digital Maturity Technologies
Services
Examining the Efficacy
Green Finance
of Ecocapital in
25 Tools and Research
Standardizing Green
Standards
Finance

Appraising the
Contributions of Smart
Smart Building
26 Building Solutions to Multicountry
Management
Sustainable
Productivity Outcomes

(Continued on next page)

46 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 THE GP 2.0 ROADMAP

(Continued from previous page)

No. Sector Title Approach Type of Project

Leveraging Blended
Green Finance Research and
Finance to Accelerate
27 Services Tools and Multicountry
Innovation in SMEs to
Standards (Conference)
Meet the UN SDGs

Guidance and Best

Green
28 Practices on Green Research
Procurement
Procurement for SMEs
Consumption
The Art and Science of
Research and
Ethical Purchasing for Ethical
29 Multicountry
a Better, Greener Consumption
(Workshop)
World

The future projects under GP 2.0 may not be limited to those listed in Table 11.
After deliberations and discussions with relevant stakeholders, and based on
the needs of the APO members, additional projects could emerge.

All the activities envisaged under the GP 2.0 ecosystem and projects can be
targeted to be complete by 2030. However, the implementation timeline,
including the year and the duration of the elements under the GP 2.0 ecosystem
and projects are subject to change depending upon the emerging trends within
the sustainability landscape, APO’s internal approval procedures, KPIs that
require more focus as outlined in the APO Vision, budget and resource
availability, and standard operating procedures followed while planning and
implementing the activities and projects.

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 47

THE WAY FORWARD

The study process has made significant strides in understanding and advancing
GP across various sectors. A comprehensive gap analysis was conducted
focusing on green productivity across 20 APO member countries. This analysis
identified critical areas for improvement and established a baseline for future
progress. In addition to the gap analysis, the study outlined 30 approaches for
GP 2.0, tailored specifically to the agriculture, manufacturing, services, and
consumption sectors. These approaches include key enablers and technologies
necessary for implementation, detailed timeframes for execution, and
methodologies for conducting the initiatives.

Furthermore, a Project Bank was created, featuring 29 initial projects that

exemplify these approaches. The study also introduced the GP 2.0 ecosystem,
a comprehensive framework for integrating green productivity initiatives
alongside supplementary schemes supporting the ecosystem’s development
and sustainability.

FIGURE 7
FUTURE OUTLOOK FOR THE GP 2.0 INITIATIVE.
Facilitation of
the exchange
SDGs and of expertise,
net-zero technologies,
emission as the capital, GP and
common goals products, and sustainability
across the APO services by the enhancement
region (2025) APO (2030) (2040)

Partnership GP capacity
between upgrades
policymakers, through
enterprises, effective and
and other efficient APO
stakeholders projects (2035)
(2027)
2025 2030 2040 2050
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

48 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 THE WAY FORWARD

Figure 7 illustrates the strategic design of GP 2.0, a comprehensive protocol

designed to guide sustainability efforts across all APO member countries over
the next three decades. The protocol’s initial goal is to achieve a uniform level
of sustainability among member nations by 2025. This milestone will be
marked by establishing robust partnerships between the public and private
sectors, fostering collaboration and shared responsibility.

Looking ahead, the protocol aims to deepen the exchange of expertise,

technologies, and capital, ensuring these resources are more readily available
and effectively utilized by 2030. This maturation of knowledge and resource
exchange aims to facilitate significant capacity upgrades across sectors,
enabling member countries to elevate their sustainability practices to the next
level with greater efficiency and impact.

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 49

REFERENCES

APO. (n.d.). Eco-products Directory. APO. https://www.apo-tokyo.

org/?s=eco+products&post_type=publications

APO. (2002). Green Productivity: An Approach to Sustainable Development.

https://www.apo-tokyo.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ind_gp_aasd-
2002.pdf

APO. (2002). Green Productivity Trainer’s Resource Manual. https://www.apo-

tokyo.org/publications/green-productivity-training-manual-pdf-2-8mb/

APO. (2023). Requirement for Green Productivity Specialists APO-GPS201:

2023. https://www.apo-tokyo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/APO-GPS-
201_2023-Requirements-for-Green-Productivity-Specialists.pdf

Johannson, L. (2006). Handbook on Green Productivity. APO. https://www.apo-

tokyo.org/publications/apo-handbook-on-green-productivity-pdf-7-6mb/

Lin, C. -H. (Ed.) (2022). Green Productivity and Circular Economy: Complementary
Approaches to Sustainable Development. APO. https://doi.org/10.61145/
TVMT3914

Lin, C. -H. & Bhardwaj K. D. (2020). Green Productivity for the SDGs: Review
of Emerging and Priority Needs. APO. https://doi.org/10.61145/MMLU9967

50 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AI Artificial Intelligence
BCN Bilateral Cooperation between NPOs
CE Circular Economy
COE Center of Excellence
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
EMS Environmental Management Systems
EPIF Eco-products International Fair
ESG Environmental, Social, and Governance
GHG Greenhouse Gases
GP Green Productivity
GPA Council Green Productivity Advisory Council
GPAC Green Productivity Advisory Committee
GPMS GP Management Systems
HSES Health and Safety Environment Security
I.R. Iran Islamic Republic of Iran
IOSM Individual-country Observational Study Mission
IoT Internet of Things
KPI Key Performance Indicators
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
MFCA Material Flow Cost Accounting
ROC Republic of China
RoI Return on Investment
ROK Republic of Korea
SME Small and Medium Enterprise
SWEEP Solid Waste Exchange for the Environmental Progress
TES Technical Expert Services
TWG Technical Working Group

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 51

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 Key Observations and Issues in Production and
Consumption Under GP 1.0.................................................................................... 8
TABLE 2 Core Framework for GP 2.0 Proposed by the TWG......................................... 10
TABLE 3 Hotspots for GP 2.0 Across Different Sectors................................................... 19
TABLE 4 Approaches Identified for GP 2.0 Implementation........................................ 20
TABLE 5 Critical Approaches for GP 2.0 Vs. Typical Approaches in GP 1.0................ 22
TABLE 6 GP 2.0 Approaches Classified by Attributes..................................................... 23
TABLE 7 Final GP 2.0 Approaches with Relative Priorities and
Targeted Time Frames............................................................................................ 25
TABLE 8 Initial Enablers and Technologies Agreed Upon by TWG Members........... 28
TABLE 9 Consolidated Approaches, Enablers, Technologies and Methodologies.. 31
TABLE 10 The Outlook of the GP 2.0 Ecosystem................................................................ 41
TABLE 11 Potential Project List.............................................................................................. 43

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 What is GP 2.0?........................................................................................................... 2
FIGURE 2 Gap Analysis Example: Assessing Sustainability Initiatives
Among the APO Members.................................................................................... 13
FIGURE 3 Production Hotspots of APO Members for GP 2.0.......................................... 19
FIGURE 4 Consumption Hotspots of APO Members for GP 2.0..................................... 19
FIGURE 5 Linking GP 2.0 Approaches to Segments of Sustainability.......................... 27
FIGURE 6 The GP 2.0 Ecosystem............................................................................................ 40
FIGURE 7 Future Outlook for the GP 2.0 Initiative............................................................ 48

52 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
GREEN PRODUCTIVITY ADVISORY COUNCIL
CHAIR
Prof. Ryoichi Yamamoto
Emeritus Professor
The University of Tokyo, and
Chairperson of the Board of Trustees
Tokyo Metropolitan Public University Corporation
Japan

MEMBERS
Prof. Anwar Sanusi
Secretary-General
Ministry of Manpower
Indonesia

Prof. Yoichiro Matsumoto

Science and Technology Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Japan

Joanne Tan
APO Director for Singapore and
Deputy Managing Director
Enterprise Singapore
Singapore

Dr. Nattapol Rangsitpol

APO Director for Thailand and
Permanent Secretary
Ministry of Industry
Thailand

Dr. Indra Pradana Singawinata

Secretary-General
Asian Productivity Organization

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 53

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0 TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP

CHAIR
Dr. Chun-Hsu Lin
Director and Research Fellow
Center for Green Economy
Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research
Republic of China

MEMBERS
Prof. Esmaeil Fatehifar
Faculty Member and President
Sahand University of Technology
I.R. Iran

Alex Yap Yun Fung

Director
EcoLean Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.
Malaysia

Aftab Khan Masood

Deputy General Manager
Projects and Operations/Business Development Services
National Productivity Organization
Pakistan

Eric A. Raymundo
Environmental Practitioner
Raymundo Environmental Consultancy
Philippines

Dr. Athisarn Wayuparb

Assistant Prof. and Vice President
Mahidol University
Thailand

Dr. Ha Minh Hiep

APO Director for Vietnam and
Acting Director General
Commission for Standards, Metrology and Quality
Vietnam

54 | APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD

 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

GREEN PRODUCTIVITY EXPERTS

Dr. Shaikh Tanveer Hossain
Director
Policy & Strategy
IFOAM-Organics Asia
Bangladesh

Lynn E. Johannson
President
E2 Management Corporation
Canada

K. D. Bhardwaj
APO Liaison Officer for India,
Group Head and Director – Environment and Climate Action, and
Group Head and Director – International Services
National Productivity Council
India

Dr. Koh Niak Wu

Founder and Chief Executive Officer
Cosmiqo International Pte. Ltd.
Singapore

APO SECRETARIAT
Md. Zainuri Juri
Principal Officer
Program Directorate

Jittin Kapoor
Program Officer
Multicountry Programs Division 1
Program Directorate

Note: The designations and organizational details of the GPA Council, TWG, and GP Experts are current as
of September 2024.

APO GREEN PRODUCTIVITY 2.0: THE ROAD AHEAD | 55

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