ASSIGNMENT NO.

Q.1: A 70-kg volunteer is given an intravenous dose of an antibiotic, and serum drug
concentrations were determined at 2 hours and 5 hours after administration. The drug
concentrations were 1.2 and 0.3 mg/mL, respectively. What is the biological half-life for
this drug, assuming first order elimination kinetics?

Q.2: A 50-kg woman was given a single IV dose of an antibacterial drug at a dose level of 6
mg/kg. Blood samples were taken at various time intervals. The concentration of the drug
(Cp) was determined in the plasma fraction of each blood sample and the following data
were obtained:

t(hours) Cp (ug/mL)
0.25 8.21
0.50 7.87
1.00 7.23
3.00 5.15
6.00 3.09
12.0 1.11
18.0 0.40

a. What are the values for VD, k, and t1/2 for this drug?

b. This antibacterial agent is not effective at a plasma concentration of less than 2 mg/mL.
What is the duration of activity for this drug?

c. How long would it take for 99.9% of this drug to be eliminated?

d. If the dose of the antibiotic was doubled exactly, what would be the increase in duration
of activity?

Q.3: A new drug was given in a single intravenous dose of 200 mg to an 80-kg adult male
patient. After 6 hours, the plasma drug concentration of drug was 1.5 mg/100 mL of
plasma. Assuming that the apparent VD is 10% of body weight, compute the total amount
of drug in the body fluids after 6 hours. What is the half-life of this drug?

Q.4: A new antibiotic drug was given in a single intravenous bolus of 4 mg/kg to 5 healthy
male adults ranging in age from 23 to 38 years (average weight 75 kg). The
pharmacokinetics of the plasma drug concentration–time curve for this drug fits a one-
compartment model. The equation of the curve that best fits the data is:

C e p = 78 −0.46t
Determine the following (assume units of mg/mL for Cp and hours for t):

a. What is the t1/2?

b. What is the VD?

c. What is the plasma level of the drug after 4 hours?

d. How much drug is left in the body after 4 hours?

e. Predict what body water compartment this drug might occupy and explain why you
made this prediction.

f. Assuming the drug is no longer effective when levels decline to less than 2 mg/mL, when
should you administer the next dose?

Q.5: A drug has an elimination t1/2 of 6 hours and follows first-order kinetics. If a single
200-mg dose is given to an adult male patient (68 kg) by IV bolus injection, what percent of
the dose is lost in 24 hours?

Q.6: A single IV bolus injection containing 500 mg of cefamandole nafate (Mandol, Lilly) is
given to an adult female patient (63 years, 55 kg) for a septicemic infection. The apparent
volume of distribution is 0.1 L/kg and the elimination half-life is 0.75 hour. Assuming the
drug is eliminated by first-order kinetics and may be described by a one-compartment
model, calculate the following:

a. The Cp0

b. The amount of drug in the body 4 hours after the dose is given.

c. The time for the drug to decline to 0.5 mg/mL, the minimum inhibitory concentration for
streptococci.

Q.7: If the amount of drug in the body declines from 100% of the dose (IV bolus injection)
to 25% of the dose in 8 hours, what is the elimination half-life for this drug? (Assume first-
order kinetics).

Q.8: A drug has an elimination half-life of 8 hours and follows first-order elimination
kinetics. If a single 600-mg dose is given to an adult female patient (62 kg) by rapid IV
injection, what percent of the dose is eliminated (lost) in 24 hours assuming the apparent
VD is 400 mL/kg? What is the expected plasma drug concentration (Cp) at 24 hours
postdose?

Q.9: How many half-lives (t1/2) would it take for 99.9% of any initial concentration of a
drug to decompose? Assume first-order kinetics.
Q.9: Determine the total body clearance for a drug in a 70-kg male patient. The drug
follows the kinetics of a one-compartment model and has an elimination half-life of 3 hours
with an apparent volume of distribution of 100 mL/kg.

Q.10: A solution of a drug was freshly prepared at a concentration of 300 mg/mL. After 30
days at 25°C, the drug concentration in the solution was 75 mg/mL.

a. Assuming first-order kinetics, when will the drug decline to one-half of the original
concentration?

b. Assuming zero-order kinetics, when will the drug decline to one-half of the original
concentration?

Q.11: A rather intoxicated young man (75 kg, age 21 years) was admitted to a
rehabilitation center. His blood alcohol content was found to be 210 mg%. Assuming the
average elimination rate of alcohol is 10 mL of ethanol per hour, how long would it take for
his blood alcohol concentration to decline to less than the legal blood alcohol concentration
of 100 mg%? (Hint: Alcohol is eliminated by zero-order kinetics.) The specific gravity of
alcohol is 0.8. The apparent volume of distribution for alcohol is 60% of body weight.

Q.12: A drug administered intravenously follows a two compartment model described by:

C(t)= 7e-0.4t + 3e-o.1t

Find the concentration of the drug at t= 2 hours.