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Question Chap 08 D and F Block Elements - 80132

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30 views4 pages

Question Chap 08 D and F Block Elements - 80132

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Chap 8 D and F Block elements

1. How would you account for the following : Transition metals form coloured
compounds?

2. Assign a reason for each of the following observations :


(i) The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are hard and have high
melting and boiling points. s
(ii) The ionisation enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the transition
elements are found to vary irregularly.

3. Give reasons :
(i) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with fluorine it shows
the highest oxidation state of +4.
(ii) Transition metals show variable oxidation states.

4. Assign reason for the following: Copper (I) ion is not known in aqueous solution.

5. Give reasons for the following :


(i) Transition metals form alloys.
(ii) 𝑀𝑛2 𝑂3 is basic whereas 𝑀𝑛2 𝑂7 is acidic.

6. 27. How would you account for the following?


(i) Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states.
(ii) Transition metals and their compounds act as catalyst.

7. How would you account for the following?


(i) With the same d-orbital configuration (𝑑 4 ) 𝐶𝑟 2+ is a reducing agent while 𝑀𝑛3+ is
an oxidising agent.
(ii) Most of the transition metal ions exhibit characteristic colours in aqueous
solutions.

8. Assign reasons for each of the following :

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(i) Transition metals generally form coloured compounds.
(ii) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of +7 among the 3rd series of
transition elements.

9. Assign reasons for each of the following :


(i) Transition metals generally form coloured compounds.
(ii) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of +7 among the 3rd series of
transition elements.

10.What are alloys? Name an important alloy which contains some of the lantanoid
metals. Mention its uses.

11.Why do transition elements exhibit higher enthalpies of atomization?

12.Account for the following :


i)Transition metals show variable oxidation states .
ii)Zn , Cd and Hg are soft metals .

13.The elements of 3d transition series are given as:


𝑆𝑐 𝑇𝑖 𝑉 𝐶𝑟 𝑀𝑛 𝐹𝑒 𝐶𝑜 𝑁𝑖 𝐶𝑢 𝑍𝑛
Answer the following:
𝑜
(a) Copper has exceptionally positive 𝐸𝑀 2+ /𝑀 value. Why?

(b) Which element is a strong reducing agent in +2 oxidation state and why?
(c) 𝑍𝑛2+ salts are colourless. Why ?

14.Assign reasons for the following:


(i) The second and third rows of transition elements resemble each other much more
than they resemble the first row.
(ii) 𝐾2 [𝑃𝑡𝐶𝐼6 ] is a well – known compound whereas the corresponding Ni compound
is not known.
(iii) In transition series, with an increase in atomic number, the atomic radius does
not change very much.

15.(a) Complete the following chemical reaction equations:


(i) 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐶2 𝑂42− (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻+ (𝑎𝑞) →
(ii) 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐹𝑒 2+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻+ (𝑎𝑞) →
(b) (i) 𝑀𝑛2+ is much more resistant than 𝐹𝑒 2+ towards oxidation.
(ii) Many of the transition elements are known to form interstitial compounds.
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(iii) Among lanthanoids, Ln (III) compounds are predominant. However, occasionally
in solutions or in solid compounds, +2 and +4 ions are also obtained.

16. Give reasons for the following:


(a) Transition metals have high enthalpies of atomization.
(b) Among the lanthanoids, Ce(III) is esily oxidized to Ce(IV).
(c) 𝐹𝑒 3+ |𝐹𝑒 2+ redox couple has less positive electrode potential then 𝑀𝑛3+ |𝑀𝑛2+
couple.
(d) Copper (I) has 𝑑10 configuration, while copper (II) has 𝑑 9 configuration, still
copper (II) is more stable in aqueous solution than copper (I).
(e) The second and thirdtransition series elements have almost similar atomic radii.

17. (a) Assign reasons for the following:


(i) In the series Sc(𝑍 = 21) 𝑡𝑜 𝑍𝑛(𝑍 = 30), the enthalpy of atomisation of Zn is the
lowest.
(ii) Zr and Hf have almost identical radii.
(iii) Transition metals show variable oxidation states.
𝑜
(iv) The 𝐸𝑀 2+ /𝑀 value for copper is positive (+0.34 𝑉).

(b) Although +3 oxidation state is the characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids but
cerium shows +4 oxidation state also. Why?

18.Calculate the spin-only moment of 𝐶𝑜 2+ (𝑍 = 27) by writing the electronic


configuration of Co and 𝐶𝑜 2+ .

19.Give reason and select one atom/ion which will exhibit asked property:
(i) 𝑆𝑐 3+ or 𝐶𝑟 3+ (exhibit diamagnetic behaviour)
(ii) 𝐶𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 (high melting and boiling point)

20.(i) Which ion amongst the following is colourless and why?


𝑇𝑖 4+ , 𝐶𝑟 3+ , 𝑉 3+ ,
(Atomic number of 𝑇𝑖 = 22, 𝐶𝑟 = 24, 𝑉 = 23)
(ii) Why is 𝑀𝑛2+ much more resistant than 𝐹𝑒 2+ towards oxidation?
(iii) Highest oxidation state of a metal is shown in its oxide or fluoride only. Justify
the statement.

21.(i) Silver atom has completely filled d-orbitals in its ground state, it is still considered
to be a transition element. Justify the statement.
0
(ii) Why are 𝐸𝑀 2+ /𝑀 values of 𝑀𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍𝑛 more negative than expected?

(iii) Why do transition metals form alloys?

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22.Give reasons for the following statements :
(a) Copper does not displace hydrogen from acids.
(b) Transition metals and most of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour.
(c) Zn, Cd and Hg are soft metals.

23.40. (i) Why are melting points of transition metals high ?


(ii) Why the transition metals generally form coloured compounds ?
(iii) Why 𝐸° value for 𝑀𝑛3+ /𝑀𝑛2+ couple is highly positive?

24. Define transition metals. Why Zn, Cd and Hg are not called transition metals ? How is
the variability in oxidation states of transition metals different from that of p-block
elements ?

25. (a) Write any two consequences of lanthanoid contraction.


(b) Name the element of 3𝑑 series which exhibits the largest number of oxidation
states. Give reason.

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