COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS

FOR

M Sc in Forensic Science
(2 year Degree Program)
 Course Structure: Distribution of various subjects in each semester and distribution of
lectures and Practical Hours:

Year 1 Semester I

Course Title Theory Hours Practical Hours

1. Basics of Forensic Science 45 -

2. Applied Forensic Science &criminal investigation 45 60

3. Biochemistry 45 60

4. Forensic Photography 45 60

5. Police Administration & Victimology 40 -

Total Hours 220 180

Year 1 Semester II
Course Title Theory Hours Practical Hours

6. Research Methodology 40 -

7. Basics of Forensic Psychology 45 -

8. Basics and Applied Cyber Forensics 45 60

9. Applied Forensic Chemistry & Instrumentation 45 -

10. Forensic Approach in Crime Scene Investigation 45 60

Total Hours 220 120

Year 2 Semester III

Course Title Theory Hours Practical Hours

11. Forensic Medicine, Toxicology & Pharmacology 45 60

12. Genetics & DNA Technology 45 60

13. Legal Science & Criminal Law 45 -

14. Crimes of new age & security systems 45 -

15. Forensic Ballistics ( Specialization) 45 -

Total Hours 225 120

Year 2 Semester IV
Course Title Theory Hours Practical Hours

Police station / FSL postings 1 month

Project work 3 months

SYLLABUS

(1) BASICS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE

Unit 1
Introduction, Global History & Scope, Need and development of forensic science (Forensic
Odontology,narco analysis, brain fingerprinting, lie detection, Anthropology, DNA
Fingerprinting, forensic entomology, cybercrimes, forensic voice analysis)
Unit II
Principles of Forensic Science, Tool & Techniques of forensic science. Detection of Crime,
Unit III
Facilities provided in forensic Science laboratories for chemical, physical, biological
psychological, digital and cybercrime detection and analysis, evidences in crime scene (Lip
prints, Tyre marks, Hair, Tool marks, Footprints and shoeprints, Soil, Fibre, Glass, paint)
Unit IV
Introduction of crime, Sociological aspects in society, Criminal behavior, Types of crime,
monitoring system in society, Crime scenario in India
Unit V
Detection of the crime scene, Crime scene management, Role of forensic scientists,
investigating officers, forensic doctors, fire brigade, judiciary
Unit VI
Importance of physical evidence, collection of physical evidence in crimes like murder, theft,
extortion, explosion etc.

Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Criminalistics: The foundation of Forensic Science, B. J. Fisher, W.J.

Tilstone & C. Woytowicz.

2. Forensic Science: An introduction to scientific and investigative Techniques by

Stuart H. James.

3. Forensic Science, Handbook: Vol. I, II & III, Richard Saferstein.

4. Criminalitics: An Introduction to forensic science, Richard Saferstein.
5. Henry Lee’s Crime Scene handbook; Henry Lee.
6. Forensic Science in criminal investigation and trial, B.R. Sharma.

7. International handbook of Criminology, S G Shoham.

(2) APPLIED FORENSIC SCIENCE & CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION.

Course Contents:
Unit-1

Global perspective in the field of forensic science: - history, development, education and
training. Organizational setup of forensic science lab and other national & international
agencies: - FSL, CFSL, GEQD, FPB, NICFS, CID, CBI, Central Detective Training Schools,
NCRB, NPA, Mobile Forensic Science Laboratories, IB, CPO, FBI, CIA, CSI, DAB, DEA,
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.

Understanding the role and duties of criminal investigators, qualification of a forensic scientist.
Ethical Issues in Forensic Science: - defining ethics, professional standards for practice of
criminalities, code of conduct for expert witnesses, section against expert for Unethical
conduct.

Unit-2: Quality Management System

General requirements for standardization and calibration of laboratories: - Introduction, scope

and need of standardization. Quality management requirements: - Testing and calibration
procedures, total quality assurance, quality control, quality planning, Results and report
writing. Quality Audit:- Internal & External Audit, Accreditation & certification, NABL, ISO,
IEC, BIS, ASCLD/LAB,ABC, IAI. Laboratory management procedures: - Lab information
management system, validation of equipments and safety protocols.

Unit-3: Procedural Criminal Law & Policing System

Scientific Report writing: - Components of reports and report format relating to Crime Scene
and Laboratory findings. Stages in criminal proceedings: - FIR, Investigation, prosecution and
trial stage. Remand and bail processes. Crimes under Special and Local laws: - Crimes under
Dowry Prohibition Act, , Specific offences under the Indian Penal Code (Homicide, sexual
offences, offences against property). Classification of offences: Cognizable and Non
cognizable offence, bailable and non bailable offences, compoundable and non-compoundable
offences. Role of media,
Unit-4

Questioned Documents, Functions of a Forensic Document Examiner: - Required training and

education. Collection protocols of writing standards and process of comparison. Various
writing features and their estimation. General and individual characteristics of handwriting.
Identification of writer of anonymous writings. Application of Forensic Stylistics/Linguistics
in the identification of writer. Examination of built-up documents and determination of
sequence of strokes. Determination of age of documents by examining various factors.
 Identification and comparison of typescripts: - Identification of typist,various types of printing
processes, printing and machine defects, and alterations in typed text.
Various types of typewriting devices: - examination of typewriters with proportional letter
spacing, electronic typewriters, dot matrix, inkjet & laser printers, machines used for printing
security documents, cheques, and currency notes, etc. Photocopy & photocopier examination: -
photocopier identification, visual photocopy examination, photocopy forgery. Paper &
watermark examination: -Paper size and thickness, paper opacity, colour and brightness,
understanding watermarks. Examination of alterations, erasures, overwriting, additions and
obliterations. Decipherment of secret writings, indentations & charred documents. Physical
comparison of documents, examination of seal rubber & other mechanical impressions.
Examination of counterfeit currency notes, Indian Passports/Visas, Stamp Papers, Postal
Stamps etc. Examination of fake credit cards and electronic documents.

Unit – 5
 Fingerprints: Recording, Classification, Developing, Identification, Comparison
 Meaning, Importance and history
 Pattern and classification of fingerprints
 Methods of taking specimen fingerprints of living and dead person
 Developing fingerprints from a scene of crime
o Comparison of fingerprints
 Serology: Examination and analysis of Blood and other body fluids.

Reference Books:

1. Practical Crime Scene Analysis and Reconstruction by Ross M. Gardner and Tom
Bevel

2. Advanced Crime Scene Photography by C. D. Duncan

3. Forensic Science in Court- The Role of Expert Witness by Wilson Wall
4. Questioned Documents by Albert S. Osborn
5. Suspect Documents their scientific examination By Wilson R. Harrison

6. International Standard on General requirements for the competence of testing and

calibration laboratories, 1st Ed., 1999-12-15, ISO/IEC 17025:1999(E).

7. Guharaj, P. V., Chandran M. R. (2006) Forensic Medicine, 2nd Ed., Universities

Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad.

8. Parikh’s Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by

Parikh C. K. (1999). Sixth Ed., CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., India.
9. Ethics in Forensic Science by Barnett (2001).
10. Crime Laboratory by Osterburg.
11. Scientific Criminal Investigation by Nickolas
12. Criminal Investigation by Kirk (1953), Interscience Publisher Inc. New York.
13. Indian Penal Code 1860.
14. Dowry Prohibition Act
15. Criminal Procedural Code
PRACTICALS: Applied Forensic Sciences
1. Calibration of various instruments
2. Various safety methods
3. Report writing and interpretation
4. Scientific Report Writing
5. Presentation of expert evidence in a mock courtroom
6. Blood Spatter Analysis
7. Identification of Handwriting General and individual characteristics.
8. Detection of various type of forgery.
9. Identification of Indented and Invisible writing.
10. Identification of typescripts and printing matter.
11. Physical evidence: Development, Identification, and Interpretation
a. Fingerprinting
b. Footprints
c. Hair and fiber
d. Tyre marks
e. Soil
13.Blood and other serological experiments

3) BIOCHEMISTRY

Course Content:

Amino acids and proteins:

General structure of Amino acid, acid base properties, isoelectric pH; Classification based on
side chain, nutritional requirement, metabolic fate; Classification of proteins based on
composition, shape and functions with examples; Brief outline of structural organization of
proteins with examples; Protein denaturation; Plasma Proteins & Immunoglobulins
(classification & normal values protein & albumin & functions of albumin)

Enzymes:

Holoenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzyme, cofactor, metalloenzymes, IUBMB classification with

examples,. Factors affecting enzyme activity, Enzyme specificity (definition, types, examples).
Proenzymes, Km & Vmax (Briefly); Competitive and non-competitive enzyme Iinhibition –
Kinetics briefly, features; Any TWO applications for competitive and two examples for non-
competitive enzyme inhibition; Isoenzymes & clinical application of enzymes

Carbohydrates:

Definition, Classification with examples, Sources of important carbohydrates, sugar derivatives;

Structure of starch, glycogen. Heteropolysaccharides/ Mucopolysaccharides Examples and
functions (composition not required); Brief account of blood glucose regulation & diabetes
mellitus

Lipids:
Classification with examples. Functions of phospholipids, essential fatty acids, PUFA,
classification of lipoproteins and their functions; Cholesterol –ring structure, normal level &
special products formed from cholesterol

Molecular biology:

Purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides. Four examples of physiologically

important nucleotides. DNA- Watson Crick model-structure and function, Chargaff’s rule,
Structure and functions of m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA, differences between DNA & RNA

Vitamins:

Fat soluble and water soluble vitamins - classification, functions, deficiency manifestations.
(Wald’s cycle details not to be included)

Minerals:
Calcium and phosphate & iron in detail .Remaining minerals mention the functions

Nutrition:

Nutritional importance of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, Daily caloric requirement (BMR +
SDA + Physical activity); Malnutrition- Protein energy malnutrition – Kwashiorkor and
marasmus (definition, similarities and differences), obesity

Detoxification:

Replication: Pre requisites; Enzymes required for replication; Mechanism of replication Proof
reading (briefly) Inhibitors Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic replication, DNA repair (Nucleotide
excision repair)

Transcription: Enzyme required, Process of transcription: Initiation, Elongation. Termination,

Inhibitors Eukaryotic vs prokaryotic transcription Post transcriptional processing, Splicing,
role of ribozymes, Cap, Poly A tail, Reverse transcription Translation: RNA required - Role
of each RNA; mRNA and genetic codon, featuresor genetic codon; rRNA and ribosome
structure(Eukaryotic and prokaryotic); tRNA–its role in translation; Process of translation (in
prokaryotes); Activation of amino acid-Initiation, Elongation, Termination; Eukaryotic vs
prokaryotic translation; Inhibitors and their mechanismof action; -Chloramphenicol,
tetracycline, -Puromycin, streptomycin, erythromycin; Diphtheria toxin; Post translational
modifications(3-4 examples) xdfRegulation of gene expression in prokaryotes: Operon
concept, Lac operon -in the presence and absence of lactose

Signal transduction: via steroid hormone receptor via peptide hormone receptor; G protein and
cAMP other 2ndmessengers-IP3 and Ca2+

Mutation: Definition; Types Point -Transition, Transversion; Frameshift - Insertion, Deletion;

Effects - Silent, Missense, Nonsense mutation

PRACTICALS (Biochemistry):
1. Color reactions of proteins
2. Color reactions of monosacchrides (glucose & fructose)
3. Precipitation reaction of proteins
4. Identification of unknown protein
5. Estimation of total proteins and A:G ratio
6. Estimation of blood urea by urease method
7. Paper chromatography-Demonstration
8. Electrophoresis of serum protein
9. Case discussion
10. Estimation of plasma glucose (GOD-POD)
11. Analysis of normal urine
12. Analysis of abnormal urine
13. Biochemical investigation to assess kidney function
14. Biochemical investigation to assess liver function

15. Urine analysis of a case suspected of inborne error of amino-acid metabolism –

Demonstration;

Text/Reference Books

1. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation, 5th edition by Devlin, Editor

Wiley-Liss, 1997

2. Student’s Companion to Stryer’s Biochemistry, Latest edition Gumport, et al.

Freeman
3. Biochemistry: A Case-Oriented Approach, 5th edition, Montgomery et al. Mosby,
1990

4. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Third Edition, by David l. Nelson, David

Nelson, Albert L. Lehninger Michael M. Cox

5. Basic Medical Biochemistry : a Clinical Approach (96 Edition) by Dawn B. Marks

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1996

6. Biochemistry 2nd Edition By Donald Voet John Wiley & Sons, Inc
7. Textbook of Biochemistry by Dr. DM Vasudevan

(4)FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY

Course content
Unit I
1. Introduction, evolution, scope of forensic photography
2. Types of photography
3. Techniques of taking crime scene photography: close up and distant, aerial photography
and digital photography.

Unit II
1. Modern gadgets used in photography/advancement in field of photographing Structure and
functions of SLR/Professional camera (Canon EOS 1200D 18MP Digital SLR Camera,
 Nikon D3300 24.2 MP Digital SLR Camera, Sony Alpha A58M 20.1MP Digital SLR
Camera)
2. Structure and functions of video cameras
3. Functions of CCTV camera and survelliance photography

Unit III
1. Photography in forensic laboratory work - Microscopic photography of forensic evidences
I.R & U.V photography, Morning Cameras/Periphery camera
2. a) Photographic Superimposition techniques. b) Photography tools used to establish
identification of a living and dead person.

Unit IV
1. Colour photography and black & white photography in the police work.
2. Photography of documents-conventional photography-cameras, light source, filters, photo
micrographs and enlargement.
3. Recent developments in Crime Scene Photography-Panavision, Scene vision 3DImportance
of Panoramic shot.

Practicals:
1. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of murder - Distant photograph
2. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of murder - Mid – range photograph
3. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of murder -Close shot
4. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of burglary- Distant photograph
5. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of burglary- Mid – range photograph
6. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of burglary -Close shot
7. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of Arson- Distant photograph
8. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of Arson- Mid – range photograph
9. Procedure of photographing an indoor scene of Arson- Close shot
10. Procedure of photographing an outdoor scene of murder - Distant photograph
11. Procedure of photographing an outdoor scene of murder - Mid – range photograph
12. Procedure of photographing an outdoor scene of murder -Close shot
13. Procedure of photographing an outdoor scene of suicide - Distant photograph
14. Procedure of photographing an outdoor scene of suicide - Mid – range photograph
15. Procedure of photographing an outdoor scene of suicide -Close shot
16. Photographing postmortem injuries
17. Reconstructing the crime scene based on crime scene photographs.

References and Books:

1. Sharma B. R. (2008) - Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trial, 4th Edition
Universal Publishers.
2. Billy Prior Bates-Identification System for Questioned Documents Charles C Thomas
Publisher, USA
3. http://forensicsciencecentral.co.uk/photography.shtml
4. http://www.forensic-medecine.info/forensic-reconstruction.html
5. http://www.sfu.museum/forensics/eng/pg_media-media_pg/faciale-facial/
6. PTC, Mysore - Hand Book Of Forensic Science – Karnataka Police Training Academy,
Mysore.
7. Ratan Deepak &Zaidi Mohd. Hasan (2008) – Forensic Science in India and the World, Alia
Law Agency, Alahabad-211 001.
8. Walls H. J. (2nd Ed. 2008), – Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific Crime
Detection, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi-33.

4)

5) POLICE ADMINISTRATION & VICTIMOLOGY

Course contents:
Unit -I
1. Origin & Development of Police

2. a) Establishment and Functions of a Police Station. b) Procedure of Crime

Prevention methods -Conventional, NGO’s and Public participation. c) Different Crime

Control Records Maintained in Police Station, Crime Statistics analysis. d) Role and functions of
Police

3. a) General Organization of Police in a state. b) Stress in police work. c) Police-public

relations.
Unit - II
4. Special Units of State Police Force.
5. Structure and Functions of Central Police Organizations
6. Police systems of other countries- Interpol
7. Traffic police organizations and functions
8. Salient features of a) Indian Police Act 1861 b) Karnataka Police Act 1963
9. Departmental / Domestic Enquiry: Law and Procedures.

Unit-III
10. Forensic Science Laboratories -History and development of Forensic Science
Laboratories (FSLs) in India.
11. Protocols of receipt and dispatch of articles
12. Gender Sensitization: women police and their role in police work
13. Roles of police in crimes against women, children and weaker sections of the society

Unit - IV
14. Typology of victims, Victimological Theories.

15. Police responses to victims and witnesses in the justice system –before, after and
during trial.

16. Accountability of Criminal Justice System to the victims of Crime

 17. Compensation to the Victim of Crime and recent cases and research studies in victim
related issues.

‘References:

1. Burt Galaway & Joe Hudson(1981) –Perspectives on crime victims, the C.V. Mosby
Company

2. Eckert & G. William (Ed - 1980) – Introduction to Forensic Sciences, The C.V.
Mosby Company, London.
3. Indian Police Act 1861

4. J.C. Chaturvedi (Ed 2006) – Police Administration & Investigation of Crime, Isha
Books, New Delhi – 33.

5. Karnataka Police Act 1963

6. Mathew Hall(2009)-Victims of Crime Policy & Practice in Criminal Justice

System,Willan Publishing UK

7. Mohammad Farajiha Ghazuini (2002) – Police Protection to Victim of Crime, Deep &
Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi-27.

8. Nabar B.S. - Forensic Science in Crime Investigation, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.

9. Paranjape V.N (15th Ed 2011)- Criminology and Penology along with victimology,
Central law Publications, law publishers and distributors 107, Darbhanga castle, Allahabad.
10.Police Manual Volume-1, Volume-2, Volume-3
11.Prakash Talwar (Ed 2006) – Victimology, Isha Books, New Delhi-33.

12.Rajan V.N. (1981) - Victimology in India, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 13.Ratan
Deepak & Zaidi Mohd. Hasan (2008) – Forensic Science in India and the World, Alia Law
Agency, Allahabad-001

14.Saferstein Richard – Criminalistics: Introduction to Forensic Science, PrenticeHall of India

Private Ltd., New Delhi.

15.Sharma B.R. - Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation, Central Law Agency, Allahabad-2.
16.Sodermann Harry – Modern Criminal Investigation

17.Walls H. J. (2nd Ed. 2008) – Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific Crime

Detection, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi-33.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Course Content
Unit-I
1. Definition, Meaning, Scope of Criminological Research

2. Problem identification and Problem formulation. (Defining and formulation of Concepts,

Hypothesis)

3. Use of Variables and their Measurements.

4. Preparation of a Study proposal- steps and procedures to be followed

Unit-II
1. Research Design, Typology and Procedures to be followed
2. Sample and Sampling Procedure, Types- Probability and Non- Probability

3. Data Collection: a. Sources- Primary and Secondary b. Methods- Observation, Interview

and Questionnaire

4. a)Tools of Data Collection- Preparation and their uses b) Data Analysis- Methods and
Procedures (Use of SPSS)

Unit-III

1. Statistics, Definition and Scope: Descriptive Statistics, Central tendency Computation and
Application of Arithmetic Mean, Median and Mode

2. Measure of Dispersion
3. Computation of Range, Quartiles, Mean Deviation and Standard Deviation Unit-IV
4. Inferential Statistics
5. Computation of Correlation, Co- efficient, T.Test, and Chi- Square Test
6. Ethical and Political Issues in Forensic Science and Criminological Research.

References and Textbooks:

1. Agarwal B.C. (2006)-Basic Statistical Tests, New Age International Publishers, Delhi

2. Aggarwal Manav (2010)-Research Methodology Trends and Techniques, Aadi

Publications,18,Jain Bhawan, opp. N.B.C., Shanti Nagar, Jaipur-302006.

3. Ahuja Ram (2005) - Research Methods, Rawat Publication, New Delhi

4. Alasuutari, Pertti. Bickman, Leonard & Brannen, Julia (2008) – Social Research Methods
- SAGE Publications Ltd.,1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London ECIY

1SP, United Kingdom.

5. Bachman Ronet & Schutt K Russell (2008)-Fundamentals of research in criminology and

criminal justice, Sage Publication.
6. Bhattacharyaya Kumar Dipak (2nd Edition 2006)- Research Methodology, Excel
books,A-45,Naraina,Phase-1,New Delhi-110028.

7. Davies, Pamela. Francis, Peter & Jupp, Victor (2nd Edition) (2011) – Doing
Criminological Research - SAGE Publications Ltd.,1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road,

London ECIY 1SP, United Kingdom.

17

8. Dr. Sahu. K.N and Dr. Swain .K. Dillip (2012) -Research Methodology, SSDN Publishers
& Distributors, New Delhi.

9. Hart, Chris (2005) – Doing Your Masters Dissertation – Vistaar Publications, New Delhi.

10. Hartley, Richard D. (2011)- Snapshots of Research (Readings in Criminology and

Criminal Justice) - SAGE Publications Ltd.,1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London

ECIY 1SP, United Kingdom.

11. Jackson L Sherri(2010)-Research Methods and statistics, Cengage Learning India Private
Limited, 418 F.I.E Pataparganj New Delhi

12. L.M.Dantzker and Ronald D Hunter(2nd Edition)-Research Methods for criminology and
criminal Justice:A Primer-Jones and Bartlett Publishers,Sudbury Massachusetts.

13. Lewins, Ann & Silver Christina (2007) – Using Softwre in Qualitative Research (A step-
by-step guide) - SAGE Publications Ltd.,1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road,

London ECIY 1SP, United Kingdom.

14. Pippa Riley(2011)-Research Projects, Viva books ,New delhi

15. Prof. Rao. Hanumantha. K & Prof. Subbarao. Srinivas. P(First Edition 2012)-Research
Methodology Techniques and Applications, Discovery Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
4383/4A,Ansari road,Darya Ganj,New Delhi-111002.

16. Salkind Neil J. (4th Edition) (2011) – Statistics for People Who (Think they) Hate
Statistics - SAGE Publications Ltd.,1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London ECIY

1SP, United Kingdom.

17. Salkind, Neil J. (2006) – Tests and Measurement for People Who (Think They) Hate
Tests & Measurement - SAGE Publications Ltd.,1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road,

London ECIY 1SP, United Kingdom.

18. Singh A. K. (2006) - Tests, Measurements and Research Methods in Behavioural Science,
Bharathi Bhawan Publishing Company, New Delhi
19. Willig, Carla and Stainton-Rogers, Wendy (2010) – Qualitative Research in Psychology -
SAGE Publications Ltd.,1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London ECIY1SP, United
Kingdom.

BASICS OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY

Course Contents:
Unit 1

Concepts, History and modern perspectives of psychology, types of psychological

professionals. The science and research methods, professional and ethical issues in psychology

Unit II

Nerves and Neurons: Building the network, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system,
Human brain structure and function; sensory system endocrine system

Unit III

Consciousness, Altered states of consciousness, attention and awareness, sensation and

perception,problems in Attention and perception, assessment of attention and perception.
Unit IV

Learning process, Types of learning, models of memory, stages of memory, encoding, retention
and retrieval, forgetting, brain and memory, problem in learning and memory.

Unit V
Thinking, decision making and problem solving intelligence and language, motivation:

Types of approaches Emotion, stress and coping.

Unit VI

Understanding personality, type and Trait, theories of personality, psychoanalytic model,

Behavioristic model social cognitive model, Humanistic model, and Biological model
assessment of personality.

Reference Books:
1. Psychology: from science to Practice by Baron, R.A. & Kolsher M J .
2. Understanding Psychology by Fieldman R.S.
3. Introduction to Psychology by Kalat J.W.
4. Forensic Psychology by Christopher Cronin.
5. History of Forensic Psychology by Bartol, C.R. and Bartol, A.M.
 BASICS & APPLIED CYBER FORENSICS (FORENSIC CYBER CRIMES:
PREVENTION AND DETECTION)

Course contents:
Unit I

Hardware and software concepts

Classification of computer software, programming languages, operating system, single/multi

user operating system, operating Systems – DOS, Windows, UNIX, LINUX; Hardware: CPU,
Primary and Secondary storage, I/O devices, Types of memory

Familiarizing with Windows/Linux environment

Installation of application software in Windows and Linux, commands Vi editor and Shell
Scripts

Microsoft PowerPoint and Word: Creating and editing document, formatting document, auto-
text, autocorrect, spelling and grammar tool, document dictionary, page

formatting, tables, file management, printing and styles. Presentation using MS-PowerPoint:
presentations, creating, manipulating & enhancing slides, organizational charts, word art,
animations and sounds.

Microsoft Excel: Introduction to MS-Excel, creating & editing, worksheet, formatting and
essential operations, formulas and functions, charts, advanced features of MS-Excel-pivot
table & pivot chart.

MS Access: Introduction to database concept, applications of databases, database creation, data

types, tables, database manipulation, database queries.

Internet, multimedia and networks: LAN, MAN, WAN, Advantage of networks,

Client–server concept, Introduction to Internet, www, ftp, internet applications
HTML: HTML-different tags, sections, images, tables, lists, hyperlinks, frames and forms.
XML: Background, XML Syntax, Examples, XML as a database

PERL: Introduction, data types, variables, control structures, operators, file management,
pattern matching and regular expressions.

Unit-II:
1. Meaning of Cyber Forensics, Nature and Characteristics of Cyber Crimes Role of

“mens rea” and Criminal Liability in Cyber Crime. Criminal Investigation analysis and
behaviour: Characteristics of computer criminal.

2. Definition of Cyber Crime, Types and Classifications of Cyber Crime.Types of

Malware: Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses, Blended Attacks, Tracking Cookies, Keystroke and
Root kits.Prevention of Malware incidents, Spy ware detection and Intrusion Prevention using
 different tools (Routers, Firewalls and Biometrics), Malware incident Response Process &
Case Studies of Cyber Crimes

Unit-III:

1. Online Frauds: Nature and Characteristics. Types of Internet Frauds: Phishing,

Identity Theft, Cyber Stalking, Spam Mails, and Spoofing. Web hacking, website defacing,
DoS, DDoS attacks and website cloning.

2. E-Banking Frauds: Characteristics and types: Fake bank website, Site redirecting,
and Social Engineering. Handling and prevention of E-Banking frauds.Credit Card Frauds-
Types of Frauds, Investigation and Prevention.

Unit-IV:
1. Investigation of Cyber Crimes: Incident Response Methodology – Individual System

and Networked system. Data collection: live system, stand alone system and networked system.

2. Volatile Memory data and Non-volatile memory data. Evidence handling procedure,
Preserving digital evidence and Chain of custody, Challenges to Digital Forensic Evidence:
Internet Crimes against children.

Unit-V:

1. Laws relating to Cyber Crime: Salient features of IT Act-2008, with emphasis on

aspects relating to offences, Punishments, Investigative powers and regulations.

2. Amendments arising due to enactment of IT Act 2000 in IPC, Cr.P.C,

I.E.A.,Copyright Act.

3. Prevention of Cyber Crimes:Cyber Security, Global, National, Industrial &

individual levels. Future Perspectives of Cyber crimes: Cyber Terrorism, Cyber Warfare and
Hacktivism.

Unit-VI: Forensics auditing

Forensics auditing – step-by-step, how-to process for securing, investigating, and auditing or
assessing various IT environments. Introduction to Forensic Accounting: Introduction to
Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination; Principles of Forensic Accounting and Fraud
Examination;Roles of the Forensic Accountant; Introduction to Fraud and Forensic
Accounting; The Nature of Fraud, Why People Commit Fraud, Fighting Fraud, Fraud
Prevention, Fraud Detection, Recognizing the Symptoms of Fraud; Data- Driven Fraud
Detection, Fraud Investigation, Investigating Theft Acts; Investigating Concealment,
Conversion Investigation Methods; Private Sources of Information, Inquiry Methods and
Fraud Reports, Honesty Testing, The Fraud Reports, Management of Fraud;

Financial Statement Fraud; Revenue-and Inventory-Related Financial Statement Frauds;

Liability, Asset, and Inadequate Disclosure Frauds; Fraud Against Organizations, Consumer
Fraud; Identification of Theft, Investment Scams, Money Laundering; Bankruptcy, Divorce,
 and Tax Fraud, Fraud in E-Commerce; Resolution of Fraud, Legal Follow-Up, Being an
Expert Witness; Financial Statement Fraud Standards; Avoiding common mistakes in fraud
risk assessment and examination; Credit Card Frauds, Online Transaction Frauds, Cheque
Frauds etc.

References and Books:

1. Augustine T. Paul (2007) – Combating Cyber Crime, Crescent Publishing

Corporation, New Delhi-02

2. Augustine T. Paul (2007) – Cyber Crime and Legal Issues, Crescent Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi-02

3. Augustine T. Paul (2007)-Intellectual Property crime, Crescent Publishing

Corporation, New Delhi-02

4. Barkha & Mohan U.Rama – Cyber Law & Crimes IT Act 2000 and Computer Crime
Analysis, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.

5. Bryan, Kellie, Dunnesen, Kristen & Jean Jayson (2009) – Cyber Fraud (Tactics,
Techniques and Procedures) - CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, London

6. Chander Harish(2012)-Cyber Laws and IT Protection,PH1 learning private limited

new delhi-11001

7. Chaubey R. K (2008) - An Introduction to Cyber Crime and Cyber Law, Kamal Law
House, Kolkata.

8. http://www.forensic-medecine.info/computer-forensics.html

9. Ratan Deepak & Zaidi Mohd. Hasan (2008) – Forensic Science in India and the
World, Alia Law Agency, Alahabad-211 001.

10. Singh Pramod K.R. (2007) - Laws on Cyber Crime (Along with IT Act and Relevant
Rules), Book Enclave Jaipur, India

11. Thomas A. Johnson-Forensic Computer Crime Investigation CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis, London.

12. Venkatesh P(3rd Ed)-Police Diaries statements, reports and investigations with
special reference to DNA, Brain mapping tests, Narco-analysis, Forensic Science and Cyber
Crime, Premier publishing Co.,40C/34, Elgin road, civil lines, Allahabad-211001.

APPLIED FORENSIC CHEMISTRY & INSTRUMENTATION

Course Contents:
tfgv
Unit-1: Separation and detection techniques
Gas chromatography: Theoretical principles, instrumentations and technique, columns,

stationary phases, detectors, Forensic applications. HPLC: Review of theory,

Instrumentation, Technique, column, detectors, LC-MS, Forensic applications. Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy- Introduction, Basic principles, Instrumentation and
Techniques, Forensic applications. Flame spectrometry- Principle, Instrumentation and
working, Forensic applications. Inductive Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy - Principles and
Instrumentation, Forensic applications.
Thermal methods-TGA, DTA, DSC.

Unit-2: Study of Analysis of Beverages

Introduction, Definition of alcohol and illicit liquor, Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and
theircomposition, Proof spirit, absorption, detoxication and excretion of alcohol, problems in
alcohol cases and difficulties in diagnosis, Alcohol and prohibition, Consequences of drunken
driving, Analytical techniques used for the analysis of alcohol.

Food adulteration: Introduction, Prevention of food adulteration, Analytical techniques for

analysis of exhibits involved in food and other material.

Relevant provision of:

1. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954 (Definition, Power of Food Inspector,

Offences and Penalties),

Unit – 3: Instrumentation

1. Introduction: Good Laboratory Practices, Preparation of buffers and solutions,

Sample collection – Types of specimens, Guidelines for specimen collection and handling,
Electrodes (oxygen, pH)

2. Photometry: Beer-Lambert's law, Absorbance, Colorimeter, Spectrophotometer -

UV-visible, Infrared, Atomic absorption, Flame Photometer, Ion-selective procedures;
Fluorimetry, Laser spectroscopy

3. Microscopy: Various techniques employing Compound microscope, Dark field,

Phase Contrast and Fluorescence microscopes; TEM, SEM and Confocal microscopy

4. Separation techniques: Dialysis, Donnan membrane equilibrium, Ultrafiltration,

Centrifugation: Differential centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation,
Ultracentrifugation - Analytical and Preparative, Applications
Gb
5. Electrophoresis: Principles, Agar gel, Agarose gel. Polyacrylamide gel, SDS-PAGE
– Theory and applications, Immuno-electrophoresis, scanning of electrophoretogram, Abnormal
patterns, Isoelectric focusing, PFGE

6. Radioactivity: Detection, Units, Diagnosis and treatment, Application in research,

Geiger-Müller counter, γ-ray crystal scintillation counter, β-ray liquid scintillation counter,
Body scanners, Autoradiography

7. Assays: Receptors and ligands. Ligand Binding assay, Receptor assays, correlation
with biological response, Radio Immunoassays, ELISA: types, labels and applications;
Immunohistochemistry, Flow cytometry - Theory and applications
8. Autoanalysers: Continuous flow analyzers and discrete analyzers, Amino acid
analyzers, Peptide synthesizers

9. X-ray crystallography, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Laser-Raman Spectroscopy and

Optical activity.

10.Infra-Red spectroscopy and NMR Spectroscopy: Theory, Bond order and bond strength
(qualitative approach), FT-IR, Instrumentation, Factors affecting the IR spectra (only salient
features), Qualitative and Quantitative analysis, Application and interpretation of simple
spectra. NMR Spectroscopy: Theory, 1H and 13C NMR (terminology used), Instrumentation,
Interpretation of NMR spectra, Applications.
11.Chromatographic techniques: Introduction to various chromatographic techniques
– Paper, TLC, normal phase, Reverse phase, gel filtration, affinity, ion-exchange

HPLC: Theory, Instrumentation, Packing material, column selection, mobile phase selection
and detectors, Interpretation and application

Gas Chromatography: Theory, Instrumentation, Derivatisation, Columns and detectors,

Interpretation and application

Mass Spectrometry: Theory, Instrumentation, Different types of Mass Spectrometers

Interpretation and applications

Unit-4: Miscellaneous

Polymers-Introduction-General idea of structures, types, polymerization processes with

examples, radical and ionic mechanism of polymerization, characteristic properties of
polymers, Structure, preparation and applications of Polyethylene (types and Ziegler-Natta
process), Teflon, PVC, Polystyrene, General idea of plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, Epoxy
Resins, Feviseal.

Plastics- Classification of plastics, application of plastics. Rubber- types of rubber, synthetic

rubbers,Fibres (synthetic fibres)-classification, properties, polyamides-Nylon, polyesters-
Terylene or Dacron.

Fibre-reinforced plastics- types, properties, applications. Glass fibre-reinforced plastics-

Properties, applications.
Arson: chemistry of fire, investigation and evaluation of clue material, analysis of arson cases
by instrumental methods, Management of Arson cases.

Reference Books:

1. Instrumental Method of Chemical Analysis by Chatwal & Anand, Himalya

Publication.

2. Analytical Toxicology by S. N. Tiwari Govt. of India publications, New Delhi 1987

3. Advance in Chromatography by Brown P. R.

4. Introduction of Forensic Science in Crime Investigation by Dr. (Mrs.) R.

Krishnamurthy.

5. Forensics Analysis by Gas Chromatography by Howard

6. Forensic Application of Mass Spectroscopy by Yinon 1994.

7. Methods in Toxicology by Prakash M. et.al; Anmol Publication, New Delhi (1998)
8. Analytical Method in Human Toxicology by Curry
9. Advances in Forensic Science (Vol. 2) Instrumental Analysis by Lee and Gaensslem
10. Handbook of Instrumental Technique for Analytical Chemistry by Settle F. A.
11. Scientific Evidence in Criminal Cases by Moonesens A. A.
12. Methods of Forensic Sciences by Lundquist and Curry
13. Hand book of drug and alcohol abuse by Holfmann, F. G
14. Analysis of Plant Poisons by Dr. M P Goutam
15. Indian Evidence Act.
16. Criminal Procedure code.
17. Indian Penal Code.

18. Bare Acts with short notes on the following : Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic
Substances Act,

19. Drugs & Cosmetics Act, Explosive Substances Act, Dowry Prohibition Act,
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, Prevention of Corruption Act, Arms Act, Wild Life
Protection Act

FORENSIC APPROACH IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

Course contents
Unit I

1. Need of scientific investigation in the modern era. Phases of investigation, law

relating to investigation.

2. Types of scene of crime and methods of searching, laws relating to search and seizure
3. Procedure of sketching and photographing of scene of crime.
4. Crime Scene Management, Reconstruction & Crime Scene Analysis, Components of
Crime Scene Management – Information management, manpower, technology & logistics
management, role of crime scene managers and first responding officers, educational
background & hierarchy. Understanding crime scene security, contamination control,
documentation protocols, and maintaining health & safety procedures. Crime Scene
Reconstruction:- defining crime scene reconstruction, nature & stages of crime scene
reconstruction, reconstruction based on blood spatter patterns, shooting range of firearm
projectile and gunshot residue, linking cases by MO and Signatures. Defining Crime Scene
Analysis, interpretation of exhibits, role of a crime scene analyst, theory & principles of
analysis, arguments and ethics in crime scene analysis and data interpretation.

Unit-II

1. Techniques of collection of Forensic evidence and procedure of seeking expert

opinion.

2. Procedure of detection and Scientific Evidences in the cases of road accidents.

3. Procedure of retrieval of seized property from court/law enforcing agency.

Unit-III
1. Burglary: Procedure of scientific investigation, reconstruction and evidences
2. Homicide: Investigation techniques and evidences in the cases of Homicide.

3. Explosion /Bomb scene investigation: Terrorism attacks causes and procedures and
techniques of Bomb scene investigation – Collection of Forensic Evidence and their
importance.

Unit IV
1. Procedure and investigation of a theft and smuggling of idol, vehicular theft.
2. Arson cases – Fire and Arson investigation methods and limitations.
3. Recent Supreme Court judgments on investigation related issues.

References and Books:

1. Goddard W. Goddard (1977) - Crime Scene Investigation, Reston Publishing Company,
Virgenia.
2. http://forensicsciencecentral.co.uk/crimescenes.shtml
3. http://forensicsciencecentral.co.uk/reconstruction.shtml
4. http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/fet-ol.html
5. John J.Horgan(2nd Ed)-Criminal Investigation Gregg Divison McGraw-Hill Book
Company
6. P Venkatesh(3rd Ed)-Police Diaries statements, reports and investigations with special
reference to DNA, Brain mapping tests, Narco-analysis, Forensic Sciencand Cyber Crime,
Premier publishing Co.,40C/34,Elgin road,civil lines,Allahabad-211001.

7. PTC, Mysore - Hand Book of Forensic Science – Karnataka Police Training Academy,
Mysore.
8. Ramanujam T (1975) – Prevention and Detection of Crime – Madras Book Agency,
Thambu Chetty Street, Madras.Ratan Deepak &Zaidi Mohd. Hasan (2008) – Forensic
Science in India and the World, Alia Law Agency, Alahabad-211 001.
9. Ratanlal & Dhirajlal (2008) - Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C), Wadhwa & Company
Pvt., Limited, Nagpur.
10. Sharma B. R. (2008) - Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trial, 4 th Edition
Universal Publishers.
11. Thurman, James T (2nd Ed) (2011) – Practical Bomb Scene Investigation - CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis, London.
12. Walls H. J. (2nd Ed 2008) – Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific Crime
Detection, Universal Law Publishing Company Private Limited, New Delhi-33
13. Schultz.Donald. O (1991)-Criminal Investigation Techniques, Surjeeth Publications, New
Delhi

PRACTICALS
1. Inspection of scene of crime (burglary, homicide, arson)
2. Procedure of methods of search and seizure in simulated criminal cases.
3. Procedure of documenting crime scene – note taking
4. Procedure of photographing outdoor Scene of crime.
5. Procedure of photographing indoor Scene of crime.
6. Procedure of sketching an indoor Scene of crime -Base line method.
7. Procedure of sketching an indoor Scene of crime -Fixed Point Method.
8. Procedure of sketching an outdoor Scene of crime -Base line method.
9. Procedure of sketching an outdoor Scene of crime -Fixed Point Method.
10. Reconstruction of simulated Scene of crime of burglary, homicide, arson and road accident.
11. Procedure of packing evidences collected from a scene of crime.

FORENSIC MEDICINE TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Course contentss
Unit-1 Forensic Medicine
l Forensic Medicine: Importance and historical development; Global Medical
Jurisprudence, Legal Procedure in India: - Police inquest, Magistrate’s inquest,

Coroner’s inquest, Oath and affirmation. Documentary evidence: - Medical certificates, medical
reports, dying declaration.

 Understanding Basics of ethics and laws of medical practice

 Personal Identification: Identification of Living Person and Medico-legal importance.

Identification of dead persons, skeletal remains and Medico legal importance.

l Injuries: Meaning, Definition and Classifications) Nature and Medico Legal

Importance of Thermal, Chemical and Injuries due to electricity, lightening and X-rays. b)
Mechanical Injuries: i)Abrasion, ii)Contusion, iii) Punctured Wound, iv) Incised Wound v)
Gun-Shot Wounds. vi) Head Injury

l Medico legal aspects of wounds: -medical and legal definition of wounds, types of
mechanical and regional injuries, aging of wounds, difference between suicidal, homicidal and
accidental wounds.
l Thanatology: Meaning, Definition & Causes of Death- Natural & Unnatural 
Types of Death- Somatic/Clinical and Molecular/Cellular.  Post Mortem Changes and
Determination of Time of Death- Cooling of the body, Post Mortem Lividity, Rigor Mortis,
Putrefaction, Adipocer and Mummification; Factors affecting these changes. Determination of
time since death, including histo pathological methods.

l Medico legal aspects of asphyxia deaths (Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation,

Smothering and Drowning – Diatom test), electrocution, thermal trauma, heat burns,
starvation, natural death, sudden death, death by accident.

 Medico legal investigation of sexual offences, including examination of victims and suspects.

Unit-II
l Medico-legal Importance of Poisons.

l Extraction and sample preparation: Preliminary screening test, spot test and
instrumental methods of analysis.

Unit-III
 Forensic Toxicology

Introduction and concept of forensic toxicological examination and its significance Poisons:
(Plant Poison, Animal Poison, Metallic Poison) classification of poisons, types of poisoning,
collection and preservation of toxicological exhibits in fatal and survival cases, signs and
symptoms of poisoning, mode of action and its effect on vital functions, medico-legal and post
mortem examination report/finding studies, specific analysis plan/ approach to toxicological
examination of poisoning samples, excretion of poison, detection of poison on the basis of
their metabolic studies, interpretation of analytical data and forming of opinion.

Analysis of Poisons: a) Inorganic poisons (Cations and Anions) & Miscellaneous


poisons b)Analysis of Plant Poisons (non-volatile organic) c)Food Poison: Meaning and
Causes- Bacterial Food poisoning and Poisonous Food (Mushrooms etc)

Narcotic Drug and Psychotropic Substances and crimes

Classification of Narcotics and other drugs, Analytical techniques for identification of drugs.
Analysis of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Drug effects, drug

Hazards, Tolerance and dependence on drugs, Problems of drug addiction, Identification of

drug addict, Drug addicts,

l Types of Pharmacology drugs, Steroids, Forensic Pharmacological studies, Ingestion

of drugs, absorption, distribution, metabolism, pathways of drug metabolism, drug metabolism
and drug toxicity, excretion of drugs.
l Court Judgments and Analysis of recent cases relating to; Medico-legal experts and
toxicological findings.
l Relevant provisions of:

l Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 (Definition, Illicit Opium
Cultivation, Minimum & Commercial Quantity in NarcoticDrugs, Offences & Penalties)
l Prevention of Illicit Trafficking and Detention of a person under NDPS Act 1985
l Drugs Control Act 1940 (Definition, Power of Chief Commissioner Under the Act)

l Drugs & Cosmetics Act 1945 (Definition, Adulterated, Misbranded, Spurious Drugs
and Cosmetics, Offenses and Penalties),

1. The Poisons Act, 1919, and Section 284 of IPC, 1860 (Negligent conduct with respect
to poisonous substance).

References and Books:

1. C.K. Parikh (1990) – Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology, CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi-32.

2. Dr.Rao G. Nageshkumar (1993) – Clinical Forensic Medicine, House of Research

Publication Aid, Manipal-19.

3. http://forensicsciencecentral.co.uk/toxicology.shtml
4. Krishnan’s M.K.R. & Patnaik V.P. (Editor) (11th Ed 1999), Handbook of Forensic
Medicine including Toxicology, Para Medical Publisher, Hyderabad - 095.

5. Laboratory Procedure Manual Forensic Toxicology(2005)-Directorate of Forensic

Science Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt.of India

6. Mathiharan K. & Patnaik K. Amrit (Ed. 2009) - Modi’s Medical Jurisprudence and
Toxicology (23rd edition), Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur.

7. Mukherjee J.B. (Vol.1 1981) – Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Academy

Publishers, Calcutta.

8. Rao Nageshkumar, G. (2009 & 2010) – Text book of Forensic Medicine and
Toxicology, Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi.

9. Ratan Deepak & Zaidi Mohd. Hasan (2008) – Forensic Science in India and the
World, Alia Law Agency, Alahabad-211 001.

10. Reddy Narayan K.S. (5th Edition 1981) – The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and
Toxicology, Published K. Suguna Devi, Hyderabad.
11. Sharma B. R. (4th Ed. 2008) - Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trial,
Universal Publishers

12. Walls H. J. (2nd Ed. 2008) – Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific Crime
Detection, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi-33.

PRACTICALS: Forensic medicine&toxicology, pharmacology

1. Identification of food adulteration.-vegetable oil, Cold drinks etc.
2. Quantitative or qualitative study of drug opiates.
3. Examination of fire arson cases by GC, TLC.

4. Detection and determination of various adulterants in alcohol, by colour tests

(Qualitative Analysis)

5. Chemical analysis of explosive materials.(Gun powder)- Colour test, Microscopic

examination.

6. Analysis of alcohol from blood (quantitative by GC).

7. Extraction methods of drugs, Poisons.
8. Colour Tests for identification of poisons, drugs.
9. Plant, animal, Metallic poison analysis.
10. Polymer Testing.
11. Separation of Sampling Material by TLC (drugs, poison etc.)
12. Study of Steroids (separation by TLC).

13. Examination of chemicals used in Trap cases by UV-visible spectroscopy.

14. Range of firing

15.

GENETICS AND DNA TECHNOLOGY

 Introduction to genes, human genome, genetic basis of human health and diseases,
Transcriptome and proteomes, sequencing of genome, assessing of genome and
regulation of genome activity, Human genetic variations: Single nucleotide and copy
number variations, Cellular and animal models of genetic diseases, Alleles, Mutations
and Population Genetics, The concept of Genetics, polymorphism, Hardy-Weinberg Law
 Pedigree drawing and interpretation, Mendelian inheritance patterns, Non-Mendelian
Inheritance Patterns, penetrance, expressivity, multifactorial disorders, mosaicism,
genomic imprinting, uniparental disomy (UPD), triplet repeat expansion disorders and
cancer genetics (Molecular Genetics of Cancer – Proto Oncogenes and oncogenes, Onco
– suppressor genes and growth factors, carcinogens, mutagens and clinical aspects)
 Prenatal diagnosis: considerations and approaches
 Chromosomes: Structure, function and abnormalities
 Techniques for detection and clinical significance of chromosomal abnormalities
(karyotype, chromosomal microarray, FISH)
 Enzymes in laboratory applications – Restriction enzymes, phosphatases, DNA
polymerases, DNA ligases
  Theory and genetic testing in the laboratory – introduction to molecular techniques such
as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing, Next generation sequencing
(Exome sequencing and gene panels), fetal autopsy, cellular and animal models of
genetic diseases, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), DNA
polymorphisms
 Overview of basic molecular laboratory techniques - DNA extraction from blood, PCR,
Agarose Gel electrophoresis, Evaluation of electropherograms generated by Sanger
sequencing and analysis of next generation sequencing data, Quantitative Fluorescence-
Polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR), Multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification
(MLPA)
 Genetic counselling
 DNA fingerprinting (DNA typing systems- RFLP analysis, PCR amplifications, sequence
polymorphism. Analysis of SNP, YSTR, Mitochondrial DNA, Ancient DNA typing,
Evaluation of results)
 Paternity testing: Paternity/Maternity index, Sibling index, Probability of match
 Precision medicine in the genomic era
 Next Generation Sequencing: Techniques and applications
 Forensic Significance of DNA profiling: Applications in disputed paternity cases, child
swapping, missing person’s identity- civil immigration, veterinary, wildlife and
agriculture cases, legal perspectives- legal standards for admissibility of DNA profiling,
procedural and ethical concerns, status of development of DNA profiling in India and
abroad.
 DNA chips, SNPs and limitations of DNA profiling

Lab Activity

 DNA extraction from blood

 Cell culture techniques
 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
 RFLP
 Genotyping techniques
 Agarose Gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing
 Evaluation of electropherograms generated by Sanger sequencing
 Quantitative Fluorescence-Polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR)
 Multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA)
 Exome sequencing exercises
 Analysis of next generation sequencing data

LEGAL SCIENCE AND CRIMINAL LAW

Course contents:
Unit-I
1. General Exceptions and Rights of Private Defense (Sec.76-106 IPC)
2. Offences against the Public Tranquility-(Section 141 -160). Public Safety, Decency and
Morals Section – (268 to 294A.) Offenses relating to documents and property marks (Sec
463-489 E of IPC) Criminal intimidation and others (Sec 503-511), Defamation section-
499
3. Offences against Human Body (Sec.299-377 IPC) and Property (Sec.378-462 IPC)-
Definition and Aggravation

Unit-II
1. a)Functions of District Criminal Courts b) Arrest, Search, Seizure and Bail
2. Salient features of Indian Evidence Act a) Admissions and Confessions b) Expert Evidence
c) Burden of Proof
3. Salient features of a) Intellectual Property Act b) Right to information Act 2005

Unit-III
1. Salient features of a) Prevention of children from sexual offences Act 2012,
2. b) Child Labour Act 1986 c) Sexual harassment of women at work place (prevention,
prohibition & redressal) Act 2014 d) Domestic Violence Act 2005 e) Prevention of
Immoral Trafficking of (Women & Children) Act 1986
3. Salient features of a) The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 b) Wild Life (Protection)
Act, 1972 c) Environmental Protection Act, 1986

Unit-IV
1. Salient features of Prevention of Atrocities against SC/ST Act
2. Motor Vehicle Act 1988 with recent proposed Amendments
3. Cases and Judgments relating to above laws & Acts

References and Books:

1. Abadinsky Howard (1979) - Social Service in Criminal Justice- Prentice-Halls, Inc.,
London
2. Augustine T. Paul (2007) - Intellectual Property Crime, Crescent Publishing Corporation,
New Delhi-02
3. Bharadwaj R. K. (1978) - Indian Police Administration, National Publishing House, New
Delhi-02
4. Child Labour Act 1986
5. Environmental Protection Act, 1986 6. Mathiharan K. and Patnaik K. Amrit (Ed. 2008) -
Modi’s Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology (23rd Ed.), Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur.
7. McDonald F. William (Ed. 1976)-Criminal Justice & Victim, Sage Publication, London 8.
Motor Vehicle Act 1988
9. Vadackumcherry James-Human Rights and the police in India, APH Publishing
corporation, New Delhi-110002.
10. Pande G.S. (2nd Ed. 1982) – The Indian Evidence Act, Allahabad Law Agency, Law
Publishers, Allahabad.
11. Prevention of Atrocities against SC/ST Act 1989
12. Prevention of children from sexual offences Act 2012.
13. Prevention of Immoral Trafficking of (Women & Children) Act 1986
14. Ratanlal & Dhirajlal (2008) - Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C), Wadhwa & Company
Pvt., Limited, Nagpur.
15. Ratanlal & Dhirajlal (2008) - Indian Penal Code (IPC), Wadhwa & Company Pvt., Limited,
Nagpur.
16. Rathanlal & Dhirajlal (2008) – Indian Evidence Act, Wadhwa & Company Pvt., Limited,
Nagpur.
17. Sexual harassment of women at work place (prevention, prohibition& redressal)Act 2014
18. Sharma Vinay (2007) - Dowry Death: Legal Provisions and Judicial Interpretation, Deep
and Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi-27
19. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954
20. The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
21. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 (2009) Commercial Law
Publishers, India
22. Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972

15) CRIMES OF NEW AGE AND SECURITY SYSTEMS

Course contents:
Unit-I
1. Concepts, definitions and importance of security system. a) Governmental and non-
governmental security agencies their purposes, functions b) Co-operations and co-
ordination between Governmental and non-governmental security agencies.
2. Types of Security System used in:
a. Transport– Government/Private(Bus/Termini/RailwayStations/Airports/Sea Ports)
b. Banks & Non-Banking Financial Institutions
c. Industries – Government/Private
d. Multi-storied buildings and Supermarkets

Unit II
1. Vigilance in public and private sector institutions.
2. Money Laundering -Process, conversion, integration and the role of Bank in laundering.
Tips to control laundering.
3. Vigilance Measures: To Build Security measures in accounting procedures,
a. Internal audit Systematization
b. Records maintenance and Periodical Job rotation
c. Transfer of Functionaries

Unit III
1. Methods of Security measures to be taken when:
a. Carrying cash from the Currency Chest
b. Escorting notorious or Dangerous Criminals
c. A report of suspected explosives found in public places
d. A mentally ill-person holds innocents with threat of killing
e. Terrorists hostage activities
2. Frauds: Nature, Types and Modus Operandi of Frauds
a. Extent of Frauds in Banks, Insurance and Financial Institutions
b. Legal issues and Techniques of Combating above Frauds
3. Procedure of departmental enquiries in Banking and other Financial / Insurance Institutions
Unit IV
4. Air Hijacking-Prevention and Detection. Security at Airport and Security Equipment.
5. Stock and Share related Crimes: Hurdles in the Investigation of Stock Crimes
6. White Collar Crime & Crimes about Tax Evasion.

References and Books:

1. Christopher, Kenneth (2009) – Port Security Management - CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis, London.
2. Lee, Elsa (2009) – Homeland Security & Private Sector Business ( Corporations’ Role in
Critical Infrastructure Protection) - CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, London.
 3. McDougall, Allan & Radvanowvsky (2008) – Transportation Systems Security - CRC
Press, Taylor & Francis, London.
4. Money – Laundering Act 2002.
5. National Security Act, 1980
6. Nemeth, Charles P. (3rd Ed) (2010) – Private Security and The Investigative Process -
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, London
7. Pasco, Gregory A. (2009) – Criminal Financial Investigations (The use of Forensic
Accounting Techniques & Indirect Methods of Proof)-CRC Press, Taylor & Francis
8. Peltier, Thomas R. (3rd Ed) (2010) – Information Security Risk Analysis - CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis, London.
9. Pitchandi N. & Sivamurthy A.(1987)- Crimes and Security in Banks Institute of
Criminological Research, Education & Services, Madras -600005.
10. Prasad Sharda(2nd Ed) (2001)-Aviation Security,G.P.Prints,Chennai-600014.
11. Private Security Agencies (Regulati on) Act 2005 along with Rules, 2006
12.R.K.Ghotgalkar-Disciplinary action in banks Himalaya Publishing House Nagpur
12. Sharma B. R (2008) - Bank Frauds; Prevention & Detection (3rd edition), Universal
Law Publishing Co., New Delhi.
13. Strobl. Walter. M-Crime Prevention through Physical Security, Marcel Dekker, INC
Madison Avenue, New York
14. Sweet. Kathleeen (Second Ed) -Aviation and Airport Security Terrorism and security
concerns, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, London.
15. The Prevention of Money Act– Laundering (Maintenance… Intermediaries Rules 2005.

FORENSIC BALLISTICS

Forensic Ballistics

History and background of firearms:- Their classification and characteristics, various

component of small arms, smooth bore and class characteristics, purpose & types of rifling,
trigger and firing mechanism, improvised / country-made / imitative firearm and their
constructional features.

Internal and External Ballistics:- Definition, ignition of propellants, shape and size of

propellants, manner of burning, various factors affecting the internal ballistics: Terminal
Ballistics Effects of projectile on hitting the target: function of bullet shape, striking velocity,
striking angle and nature of target.
Principles and practice of identification of firearms, ammunition and their components,
different types of marks produced on cartridge during firing process - firing pin marks, breech
face marks, chamber marks, extractor and ejector marks band on bullet- number/ direction of
lands and grooves, striation marks on lands and grooves, identification of various parts of
firearms Analysis of Gunshot Residues Mechanism of formation of Gun Shot Residue (GSR),
source and collection, spot test, chemical test, identification of shooter and instrumental
methods of GSR Analysis, Arms Act.

Relevant provisions of:

1.Explosives Act 1984, (Definition, Powers of Central Govt. and Licensing Authority, Offences
and Penalties) and Section 286 of IPC, 1860, (Negligent conduct with respect to explosive
substance),

2. Explosive Substances Act 1908, (Definition, Offences and Penalties).