Verb (Basic)

1 VERB (BASIC)
CHAPTER

Verb verb 'doing word'

Verb

Helping Verb Main Verb

Main verb ds vUrxZr ge mu

Modals Primary Auxiliary Verbs
(Be, Do, Have) verbs dks i<+rs gSa tks okD; ds
tks Main verb dk dk;Z ugha eq[; fØ;k ds LFkku ij vkrs gSaA
dj ldrs gSaA tks Helping verb ,oa Main
tSls% Can, Could, May, etc. verb nksuksa dk dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA
uksV% Need, dare ,oa used to (Marginal
Auxiliary Verbs) Need ,oa Dare
modal ,oa main verb nksuksa dk dk;Z
dj ldrs gSaA
Used to modal ,oa adjective nksuksa dk dk;Z dj ldrk gSA

AUXILIARY VERBS: verbs verbs Auxiliary verbs

helping verbs
1. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS : Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Will, Would, Should,
Must, Ought to Modal Auxiliary Verbs helping verb

1. (a) She 
can run
  fast.
Modal M.V.
(b)  study
You should
 English.
Modal M.V.
2. MARGINAL AUXILIARY VERBS : Used to, need, dare Marginal Auxiliary Verbs
Modals Main Verb (need dare) adjective (used to)

English – from Plinth to Paramount 1

 Verb (Basic)

am 
1. I  used
 to sleeping late at night.
 
H.V . Adjective Gerund

2. (a) need
I 
 you.
M.V.

(b) need
You 
 not come
 tomorrow.
H.V. Direct infinitive

3. (a) dare
She does not 
 to
come
 home late.

M.V. Infinitive

(b) dare
I
 not enter
 his room without permission.
H.V. Direct infinitive

AUXILIARY VERBS
Rule (1): Modal Auxiliary Verbs Main Verbs Helping
Verbs
I can  this box
 lift
H.V. M.V

 work
He should  hard.
H.V. M.V

Rule (2): Modal Auxiliary verbs V1, V2, V3, ing-form s/es-form
Numbers persons Subjects
(form)
She can help
 you.
V1

You should understand

  you friends.
V1

Rule (3): Ought Used Infinitive ‘to + V1’

We ought to respect our parents.

to + V1

He used to  late.
come

to + V1

USE OF MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

CAN COULD
Rule (1): Can power ability capacity
Could Past ability/ power/ capacity

1. He can lift the box.

2. I could not come yesterday.
Rule (2): Can permission
1. You can go now.
2 English – from Plinth to Paramount
Verb (Basic)
Rule (3): Can theoretical possibility

Everyone can make a mistake.

Rule (4): Could remote possibility
There could be a bomb under your seat.
Rule (5): Can Could

1. Can I take your scooter?

2. Could I talk to Mr. Shukla?
Note: 'able to' 'can/could'
I cannot be able to come tomorrow. (×)
superfluous 'superfluous' 'more than
what is needed'.
formation
I cannot come tomorrow. ()
I will not be able to come tomorrow. ()
MAY, MIGHT ,oa MUST
Rule (1): May
It may rain tonight.
Rule (2): May optative sentence
May you live long !
Rule (3): Principal clause Present Tense subordinate clause that/so that/
in order that purpose subordinate clause
may
We eat so that we may live.
Rule (4): Might less possibility
may more possibility
He might pass the exam but seeing his intelligence, I do not have much hope.
Rule (5): Must
He stays in five-star hotels and travels by flight. He must be very rich.
Rule (6): 'May'
May I come in sir?
May Might 'Possibly' 'likely'
We may possibly come tomorrow. (×) (Superfluous)
We may come tomorrow. ()
We will possibly come tomorrow. ()
English – from Plinth to Paramount 3
 Verb (Basic)
SHALL ,oa WILL
Rule (1): Shall first person Subjects I/We future
subjects 'will'
I shall go to college tomorrow and he will come with me.
 Modern English 'I' 'we' 'will'
interrogative sentence 'I' 'we' 'shall'
Will I go? (×)
Shall I go? ()
Shall second person Subject – you third person Subjects – He,
she, it, they, command promise threat
determination compulsion Advice
will I We
(a) Command
You shall leave the room at once.
(b) Promise
You shall be awarded.
I will help you come what may.
(c) Threat
Trespassers shall be prosecuted.
I will punish you.
(d) Determination
I will work hard and score good marks.
(e) Compulsion
You shall be here for the meeting.
I will have to finish this work.
Rule (2): Let us/ let’s Imperative sentences question tags 'shall'

Let us dance together, shall we ?

Rule (3): Shall suggestions Interrogative sentence
first person subjects
Shall we talk to the management?
'Shall' 'will'
1. past
He hoped that he will would pass the test.
past 'Will/ shall' 'would/ should'
'will/shall' Modal verb

4 English – from Plinth to Paramount

Verb (Basic)
He said that he is was coming.
2.
Simple Present Tense simple future tense English
Translation simple future

If I will come, I will meet you. (×)

If I come, I will meet you. ()
 simple future tense simple
present tense
If, as soon as, in case, provided, unless, until, before, after, when. (Conditional
Sentence Chapter
WOULD
Rule (1): Would Past habit
I would go to school by bus.
Rule (2): 'Would' 'preference' 'choice'
'rather'
He would rather die than beg.
Rule (3): Past Past 'Will' Past Tense
'Would'
He hoped that he will would pass.
Rule (4): 'Would', 'used to' 'Simple Past tense' Routine Action

I used

to go to school by bus. I would
  return on foot. We played for hours before
 
used to + V1 would + V1 V2

returning home.
Rule (5): Would Present Past principal clause

If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.

subjects were
I wish, I were a bird.
'was'
I wish, as though, if, as if, would that suppose.
Rule (6):'Would' 'will' Past form Indirect speech
He said, “He will go there.” (Direct)
He said that he would go there. (Indirect)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 5
 Verb (Basic)
Rule (7): Would Polite request
Would you help me ?
Rule (8): Would Probability
He would be sleeping.
Rule (9): Would wish
I wish, India would become a developed country soon.
Rule (10):'Would like to' wish
I would like to talk to the manager
SHOULD
Rule (1): Should suggestion (
You should study English.
Rule (2): 'Should' 'advice'
You should not laugh at his mistakes.
Rule (3): Should lest negative purpose

He ran fast lest he should miss the train.

lest Simple present tense
Take care lest you fall.
OUGHT TO
Rule (1): Ought to moral obligation duty

We ought to love our country.

MUST
Rule (1): Must compulsion
Candidates must write in ink.
Rule (2): Must fixed determination

India must win the world cup.

Rule (3): Must duty
A soldier must fight for his country.
USED TO
Used to Past habit/situation

He used to study till 10 PM.

(ii) 'Use to' or 'uses to' Present routine action
6 English – from Plinth to Paramount
Verb (Basic)
Present routine action Simple Present Tense
He uses to study till 10 p.m and then goes to bed. (×)
He studies till 10 p.m and then goes to bed. ()
(i) Used to affirmative, negative Interrogative sentences

(a) Affirmative
He used to come here.
(b) Negative
He used not to come here.
He did not use to come here.
(c) Interrogative
Used he to come here?
Did he use to come here?
'Verb + used to' 'V1 + ing' 'habitual action'
I am used to getting
  up late in the morning.
V1 +ing

Verbs/adjective/phrase 'to' to V1
'V1 + ing'
Be used to, accustomed to, averse to, with a view to, addicted to, devoted to, in
addition to, look forward to, object to, owing to, given to, taken to, prone to.
1. He is addicted to smoking.
2. I am looking forward to meeting you.
3. He was used to driving on the right when he was in London.
DARE ,oa NEED
 'Dare' 'Need'
 Dare Need Main Verb modal
(1) He needs

 me.
M. V

(2) She does not dare

 to go there.
M. V

need
(3) You 
  not come tomorrow.

Modal

 Need Dare modal +ve

I need
(1)   help  . (×)
Sub.
 him
modal V1 Obj.

(2) I n eed to help him. ()

  
M.V Infinitive

English – from Plinth to Paramount 7

 Verb (Basic)

 'dare' 'need' +ve 'to + V1'

(1) He needs to work hard.
(2) He will not dare to come here.
 need dare helping verb -ve need dare
'to'
(1) I need not come tomorrow.
(2) He dare not cheat anyone again.
Modals

M odals Use Example

Can Friendly request Can I take your bike?
Could Formal request Could I talk to Mr. Singh?
May Request with respect May I come in Sir?
Would Polite Request Would you help me?

Voice Modals formulae

M ODALS ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Indefinite Sub+modal+V1+obj. Obj + modal + be + V3 + by + sub.

Continuous Sub + modal + be + V1 + ing + obj. ×××××

Perfect Sub + modal + have + V3 + obj. Obj + modal + have + been + V3 + by + sub.

Sub + modal + have + been + V1

Perfect Continuous ×××××
+ ing + obj + for / since + time.

 formulae Modal verb 'V1' form

 Modals 'Perfect' formula

Sub + modal + have +V3 + obj

 Modal + have + V3 should have come, could have
gone, need not have seen

(1) I could score good marks. (Meaning-I had the ability)

(2) I could have scored good marks. (Hidden meaning -I didn’t score though I had the
ability)
(3) You should work hard. (Just a suggestion)
8 English – from Plinth to Paramount
Verb (Basic)
(4) You should have worked hard. (Hidden Meaning - You didn't)
PRIMARY AUXILIARY VERBS: Do, Have, Be Primary Auxiliary Verbs verbs
Main Verb Helping Verb
1. Do forms Do/ D oes Did Done
  
V1 V2 V3

(a) I do
 my work.
M.V.

(b) I did
 not know
 him.
H.V. M.V .

Has/ have 
2. Have forms  Had Had
 
V1 V2 V3

(i) Have possession

I have
 a car.
M.V.
(ii) Have 'helping verb' Perfect Perfect continuous tense
 not seen
(a) I have  him.
H.V. M. V .
(b) I h
 ad been waiting
  for him for a long time.
H .V . M.V.
(ii) Have + infinitive forced action
(a) I have to work hard.
(b) She had to leave her job.
Be, is, am, are was,
 were 
been

3. Be forms V3
V1 V2
H.V. M. V.
(a) I am a doctor
M.V
(b) He  working
was  hard.
H.V M.V
(b) has been
He   to London.
H.V M.V
MAIN VERB
I. MAIN VERBS: Verbs Sentence Main verbs V1, V2,
V3, ing-form, s/es-form Main verb
I know
 you.
V1
I knew
 you.
V2
I have known
 you for two years.
V3

English – from Plinth to Paramount 9

 Verb (Basic)

 'Main verb' tense forms

FORMS OF VERB
1. Present (1 form)
st
2. Past (2nd form)
3. Past Participle (3rd form) 4. Present Participle (-ing form)

GROUP - I
Present Past P. Participle – ing Form s/es Form
(1st Form) (2nd Form) (3rd Form)
Arise arose arisen arising arises
Awake awoke awaken awaking awakes
Be was, were been being is/was
Bear bore born bearing bears
Bear bore borne bearing bears
Become became become becoming becomes
Begin began begun beginning begins
Bite bit bitten biting bites
Blow blew blown blowing blows
Bind bound bound binding binds
Bid bade bidden bidding bids
Break broke broken breaking breaks
Choose chose chosen choosing chooses
Cling clung clung clinging clings
Come came come coming comes
Dig dug dug digging digs
Do did done doing does
Draw drew drawn drawing draws
Drink drank drunk drinking drinks
Drive drove driven driving drives
Eat ate eaten eating eats
Fall fell fallen falling falls
Find found found finding finds
Fly flew flown flying flies
Forbid forbade forbidden forbidding forbids
Forget forgot forgotten forgetting forgets
Freeze froze frozen freezing freezes
Get got got getting gets
Give gave given giving gives
Grind ground ground grinding grinds
Grow grew grown growing grows
Hang hung hung hanging hangs

10 English – from Plinth to Paramount

Verb (Basic)
Hide hid hidden hiding hides
Hold held held holding holds
Know knew known knowing knows
Lie lay lain lying lies
Ride rode ridden riding rides
Ring rang rung ringing rings
Rise rose risen rising rises
See saw seen seeing sees
Shake shook shaken shaking shakes
Shine shone shone shining shines
Shoot shot shot shooting shoots
Shrink shrank shrunk shrinking shrinks
Sing sang sung singing sings
Sink sank sunk sinking sinks
Sit sat sat sitting sits
Slay slew slain slaying slays
Speak spoke spoken speaking speaks
Spit spat spat spitting spits
Stand stood stood standing stands
Steal stole stolen stealing steals
Stick stuck stuck sticking sticks
Strike struck struck striking strikes
Swear swore sworn swearing swears
Swim swam swum swimming swims
Swing swung swung swinging swings
Take took taken taking takes
Tear tore torn tearing tears
Wear wore worn wearing wears
Weave wove woven weaving weaves
Win won won winning wins
Wind wound wound winding winds
Write wrote written writing writes
Wring wrung wrung wringing wrings

GROUP – II
Verbs 2nd form 3rd form 1st form ed, en t
2 nd
3rd form
Present Past P. Participle – ing Form s/es Form
(1st Form) (2nd Form) 3rd Form)
Abuse abused abused abusing abuses
Act acted acted acting acts
English – from Plinth to Paramount 11
 Verb (Basic)
Add added added adding adds
Admire admired admired admiring admires
Advise advised advised advising advises
Allow allowed allowed allowing allows
Answer answered answered answering answers
Appoint appointed appointed appointing appoints
Appear appeared appeared appearing appears
Arrive arrived arrived arriving arrives
Arrest arrested arrested arresting arrests
Ask asked asked asking asks
Attack attacked attacked attacking attacks
Bark barked barked barking barks
Bathe bathed bathed bathing bathes
Beg begged begged begging begs
Believe believed believed believing believes
Behave behaved behaved behaving behaves
Bleed bled bled bleeding bleeds
Bless blessed blessed blessing blesses
Break broke broken breaking breaks
Bring brought brought bringing brings
Boil boiled boiled boiling boils
Boast boasted boasted boasting boasts
Borrow borrowed borrowed borrowing borrows
Build built built building builds
Burn burnt burnt burning burns
Buy bought bought buying buys
Call called called calling calls
Carry carried carried carrying carries
Catch caught caught catching catches
Clean cleaned cleaned cleaning cleans
Close closed closed closing closes
Change changed changed changing changes
Check checked checked checking checks
Climb climbed climbed climbing climbs
Clap clapped clapped clapping claps
Copy copied copied copying copies
Collect collected collected collecting collects
Complain complained complained complaining complains
Cook cooked cooked cooking cooks
Count counted counted counting counts
Confuse confused confused confusing confuses
12 English – from Plinth to Paramount
Verb (Basic)
Consult consulted consulted consulting consults
Cover covered covered covering covers
Crow crowed crowed crowing crows
Cross crossed crossed crossing crosses
Creep crept crept creeping creeps
Cry cried cried crying cries
Decorate decorated decorated decorating decorates
Dance danced danced dancing dances
Deceive deceived deceived deceiving deceives
Defeat defeated defeated defeating defeats
Decide decided decided deciding decides
Desire desired desired desiring desires
Discover discovered discovered discovering discovers
Dip dipped dipped dipping dips
Die died died dying dies
Divide divided divided dividing divides
Dream dreamed dreamed dreaming dreams
Dry dried dried drying dries
Drown drowned drowned drowning drowns
Dye dyed dyed dyeing dyes
Earn earned earned earning earns
Enter entered entered entering enters
Employ employed employed employing employs
Explain explained explained explaining explains
Face faced faced facing faces
Fail failed failed failing fails
Fear feared feared fearing fears
Feed fed fed feeding feeds
Feel felt felt feeling feels
Fell felled felled felling fells
Flee fled fled fleeing flees
Fight fought fought fighting fights
Finish finished finished finishing finishes
Fine fined fined fining fines
Float floated floated floating floats
Graze grazed grazed grazing grazes
Gather gathered gathered gathering gathers
Have had had having has
Hate hated hated hating hates
Hang hanged hanged hanging hangs

English – from Plinth to Paramount 13

 Verb (Basic)
Hear heard heard hearing hears
Help helped helped helping helps
Improve improved improved improving improves
Invite invited invited inviting invites
Join joined joined joining joins
Jump jumped jumped jumping jumps
Keep kept kept keeping keeps
Kill killed killed killing kills
Knit knitted knitted knitting knits
Kneel knelt knelt kneeling kneels
Lay laid laid laying lays

Lie lied lied lying lies

Laugh laughed laughed laughing laughs
Learn learned learned learning learns
Leave left left leaving leaves
Lend lent lent lending lends
Lose lost lost losing loses
Like liked liked liking likes
Listen listened listened listening listens
Look looked looked looking looks
Live lived lived living lives
Love loved loved loving loves
Lead led led leading leads
Marry married married marrying marries
Make made made making makes
Mean meant meant meaning means
Meet met met meeting meets
Move moved moved moving moves
Melt melted melted melting melts
Mend mended mended mending mends
Mix mixed mixed mixing mixes
Name named named naming names
Need needed needed needing needs
Nip nipped nipped nipping nips
Obey obeyed obeyed obeying obeys
Open opened opened opening opens
Order ordered ordered ordering orders
Oppose opposed opposed opposing opposes
Pay paid paid paying pays
14 English – from Plinth to Paramount
Verb (Basic)
Play played played playing plays
Pray prayed prayed praying prays
Praise praised praised praising praises
Preach preached preached preaching preaches
Peep peeped peeped peeping peeps
Plant planted planted planting plants
Pluck plucked plucked plucking plucks
Prepare prepared prepared preparing prepares
Pull pulled pulled pulling pulls
Prevent prevented prevented preventing prevents
Punish punished punished punishing punishes
Prove proved proved proving proves
Promise promised promised promising promises
Push pushed pushed pushing pushes
Plough ploughed ploughed ploughing ploughs
Quarrel quarrelled quarrelled quarrelling quarrels
Rain rained rained raining rains
Reply replied replied replying replies
Reach reached reached reaching reaches
Receive received received receiving receives
Refuse refused refused refusing refuses
Rest rested rested resting rests
Resign resigned resigned resigning resigns
Repair repaired repaired repairing repairs
Remember remembered remembered remembering remembers
Return returned returned returning returns
Roar roared roared roaring roars
Say said said saying says
Seek sought sought seeking seeks
Sell sold sold selling sells
Save saved saved saving saves
Saw sawed sawed sawing saws
Send sent sent sending sends
Select selected selected selecting selects
Sleep slept slept sleeping sleeps
Stand stood stood standing stands
Stay stayed stayed staying stays
Spend spent spent spending spends
Stop stopped stopped stopping stops

English – from Plinth to Paramount 15

 Verb (Basic)
Sweep swept swept sweeping sweeps
Study studied studied studying studies
Slip slipped slipped slipping slips
Talk talked talked talking talks
Tell told told telling tells
Teach taught taught teaching teaches
Think thought thought thinking thinks
Tie tied tied tying ties
Touch touched touched touching touches
Try tried tried trying tries
Trust trusted trusted trusting trusts
Use used used using uses
Understand understood understood understanding understands
Walk walked walked walking walks
Wash washed washed washing washes
Wait waited waited waiting waits
Weep wept wept weeping weeps
Work worked worked working works
Watch watched watched watching watches
Wish wished wished wishing wishes
Wander wandered wandered wandering wanders
Waste wasted wasted wasting wastes
Wed wedded wedded wedding weds
Wound wounded wounded wounding wounds
Worship worshipped worshipped worshipping worships
Wonder wondered wondered wondering wonders
Wrap wrapped wrapped wrapping wraps
Yield yielded yielded yielding yields

GROUP – III
Verbs forms
Present Past P. Participle – ing Form s/es Form
(1st Form) (2nd Form) (3rd Form)
Bid bid bid bidding bids
Bet bet bet betting bets
Burst burst burst bursting bursts
Cast cast cast casting casts
Cost cost cost costing costs
Cut cut cut cutting cuts
Hurt hurt hurt hurting hurts
16 English – from Plinth to Paramount
Verb (Basic)
Let let let letting lets
Put put put putting puts
Read * read read reading reads
Set set set setting sets
Shed shed shed shedding sheds
Shut shut shut shutting shuts
Spread spread spread spreading spreads
Thrust thrust thrust thrusting thrusts
Quit quit quit quitting quits
* Read Study Study Read Magazine,
newspaper
CONFUSING PAIR
1. Bear bore born 
Bear bore borne 
2. Fall fell fallen 
Fell felled felled 
3. Find found found 
Found founded founded 
4. Grind ground ground 
Ground grounded grounded 
5. Hang hanged hanged 
Hang hung hung 
6. Lie lied lied 
Lie lay lain 
{kSfrt (Horizontally) j[kuk
Lay laid laid  U;kSNkoj djuk
Hens lay eggs
7. Rend rent rent 
Rent rented rented 
8. Rise rose risen 
Raise raised raised 
Raze razed razed 
9. See saw seen 
Saw sawed sawed/sawn 
10. Wind wound wound 
Wound wounded wounded 
11. Fly flew flown 
Flow flowed flowed 

English – from Plinth to Paramount 17

 Verb (Basic)
VERBS CONFUED WITH VERB/ NOUN/ ADJECTIVE

1.    Practise
Practice   11. Amend

  Emend


Noun Verb Verb Verb
   

2. A   A
d vice d vise
   Bought  Brought
Noun V e rb 
   
  12. V2 & V3 form of buy V2 & V3 form of bring
 

3. Complain  Complaint
  
Verb Noun 13. Compose  Comprise
 
  Verb Verb
 

4.  
Affect Effect

Verb Noun/ Verb
14. Deface

   Efface

 
 
Verb Verb
 

5.
Assure
  Ensure
  Insure

15. Deprecate  Depreciate
Verb Verb Verb   
   Verb Verb
 

6. Hear
  Listen

 
Verb Verb 16. Envelop  Envelope
 
  
Verb Noun
 

7. Heal
  Heel

Verb Noun
17. Excite

   Incite

 
Verb Verb
 

8. Prescribe
  Proscribe
 18. Flout
  Flaunt

Verb Verb Verb Verb
   

9. Adopt  Adapt  Adept 19. Hoard


  Horde



 
 

Verb Verb Adj. Verb Noun
    

10. Allude  Elude 20. Loathe

  Loath


  
Verb Verb Verb Adj.
   

18 English – from Plinth to Paramount

Verb (Basic)

21. Lose
  Loss
  Loose
 28. Wave
  Waive

Verb Noun Adj. Noun/Verb Verb
    

(N) (V)
Mitigate  Militate
 
  29. Tow
  Toe
  Tiptoe
22. Verb Verb 
 
 Verb Noun Verb
   

23. Pour
  Pore

Verb Noun
 
30. Site
  Sight  Cite


Noun Noun Verb
24. Proceed
   Precede
    
Verb Verb
 

31. Defuse
  Diffuse
 
Verb Verb
25. Pray  Prey  
 
Verb Verb Noun
  
32. Desert

   Dessert
 
Noun Verb Noun
26.  
Rout  
Route Root
   
Verb Noun Noun Meals sweet
  
dish
33. Sever
  Severe
  Sewer


27. Censure
  Censor
 Verb Adj Noun
Verb Verb   
 

 
34. See Look
  Stare
  Peep
  Glare

/ Glower
 
 Glance
  Glimpse
 
Verb Verb/Noun Verb Verb Verb/Noun Verb/Noun Noun
      

(V) (V) (V) (V)

Appearance(N) (V) (N) (N) (N)
35. Light  Burn


Adj Noun Verb Verb Noun
    

36. Catch
  Hold

Verb/Noun Verb/Noun
 

(V) (V)
(N) (N)

English – from Plinth to Paramount 19

 Verb (Basic)

37. Canvass
  Canvas

Verb Noun
 

38. Refuse
  Deny / Re fute  Decline
 

Verb Verb Verb
  

39. Peddle
  Pedal

Verb Noun/Verb
 

(N), Pedal (V)

40. Ride
  Drive

Verb/Noun Verb/Noun
 

(N) (V) (N) (V)

41. Wither

   Weather
  Whether
  Whither
 
Verb N Conj. Adj.
   

Where
('Whether ... or' Co-relative

42. Sink
  Drown

 
Verb Verb
 

43. Cease
  Seize
 44. Invent
  Discover

Verb Verb Verb Verb
   

vc uhpsfn,x;sokD;ksaesamijksDr'kCnksadkiz;ksxns[ksa&

1. The servant hung the picture on the wall

hanged

2. Lay your books aside and lie down to rest.

lay

3. Practice
 makes a man perfect.
Noun

4. Practise
 the questions given in the assignment.
Verb

20 English – from Plinth to Paramount

Verb (Basic)

5. I need your advice

.
Noun

6. Do not advise
 me.
Verb

7 I have lodged a complaint against him.

 
Noun

8. He complained against me.


Verb

  your health and the effect

9. Bad weather affects 
  is cough and cold.
Verb Noun
10. Many songs are not worthlistening to listen 'to'
'worthlistening' 'to'
11. He lighted the candle and burnt the papers.
12. The thief eluded
 arrest.
Verb

13. The earth's atmosphere comprises of three layers ( Active voice comprise
'of' 'of'
14. Mirabai composed many songs.
15. I refused to help him.
16. The thief denied the charges.
17. I declined the offer.
18. Silence precedes the storm.
19. This is a good site for school.
20. Please cite an example.

SPOTTING THE ERROR

1. (a) He was so inquisitive/ (b) that he rose many/ (c) questions in the class ./ (d) No
error.
2. (a) He was borne of poor parents,/ (b) but brought up/ (c) in an affluent family./ (d)
No error.
3. (a) The university was/ (b) found in 1950/ (c) when India was not self dependent in
many aspects./ (d) No error.
4. (a) I complaint against him/ (b) as in spite of my repeated warnings/ (c) he failed to
mend his ways./ (d) No error.
5. (a) Failure must not have/ (b) permanent affect on a person/ (c)because only the
tough survives./ (d) No error.
6. (a) I keep my cool/ (b) and never loose my temper/ (c) even when provoked/ (d) No
error.
7. (a) He lied on the grass/ (b) for hours/ (c) enjoying the cool breeze./ (d) No error.
8. (a) During the rainy season/ (b) many rivers overflew their banks/ (c) and caused
great difficulty./ (d) No error.
9. (a) He lay his luggage/ (b) aside and lay down/ (c) to rest for a while ./ (d) No error.
English – from Plinth to Paramount 21
 Verb (Basic)
10. (a) When calamity fell the village,/ (b) they faced it/ (c) bravely./ (d) No error.
11. (a) The assassin was convicted/ (b) and ordered to/ (c) be hung./ (d) No error.
12. (a) If I leave now,/ (b) I will not be able to/ (c) return back before 9 p.m ./ (d) No error.
13. (a) When the company offered him a purse on his retirement/ (b) he refused to/ (c)
agree it ./ (d) No error.
14. (a) The timid creature was driven/ (b) into a narrow lane/ (c) where it was slewed
by the kidnapper./ (d) No error.
15. (a) Being implicated in a murder case,/ (b) he was conclusively suspected/ (c) for
all the unsovled murder cases./ (d) No error.
16. (a) My brother thinks/ (b) that somebody must have dared/ (c) him steal the scooter./
(d) No error.
17. (a) When I was young,/ (b) I can run/ (c) faster than Mohan./ (d) No error.
18. (a) Harish needs not/ (b) come here/ (c) as it is getting dark./ (d) No error.
19. (a) He dare/ (b) not to/ (c) go there/ (d) No error.
20. (a) I use to/ (b) play Hockey/ (c) when I was ten year old./ (d) No error.
21. (a) A soldier/ (b) could fight/ (c) for his country and save his country's honour./ (d)
No error.
22. (a) I would rather/ (b) die/ (c) then beg./ (d) No error.
23. (a) Run fast/ (b) lest you/ (c) will miss the train/ (d) No error.
24. (a) He hoped/ (b) that he will/ (c) pass the exam with flying colours./ (d) No error.
25. (a) You need to work hard/ (b) but you need not/ (c) to waste time on unimportant
lessons/ (d) No error.
26. (a) She would broke/ (b) a plate every day/ (c) when she came to Delhi last month./
(d) No error.
27. (a) The old lady/ (b) prayed that he/ (c) may live long./ (d) No error.
28. (a) Rama must not to/ (b) have treated his mistress/ (c) like that./ (d) No error.
29. (a) Waste material/ (b) should be recycle/ (c) if possible/ (d) No error.
30. (a) The Government cannot/ (b) be able to contain/ (c) Encephalitis by spending
just 1% of GDP on Health sector./ (d) No error.
31. (a) The police think/ (b) that he may be there/ (c) yesterday at the scene of crime./
(d) No error.
32. (a) "He may live long"/ (b) his sad mother/ (c) prayed./ (d) No error.
33. (a) He returned the purse/ (b) though he could keep/ (c) it very easily./ (d) No error.
34. (a) When you were young/ (b) you ought to learn/ (c) good habits./ (d) No error.
35. (a) If you get good marks/ (b) I shall happy/ (c) as much as you./ (d) No error.
36. (a) We ought to/ (b) honest/ (c) in our dealings./ (d) No error.
37. (a) It is very cold here/ (b) I should bring/ (c) my woolen clothes but I didn't./ (d) No error.
38. (a) Are you/ (b) used to get/ (c) up early./ (d) No error.
39. (a) Our knowledge of history does not come to our help/ (b) and sometimes we even
fail to remember/ (c) who invented America./ (d) No error.
40. (a) I think/ (b) the news/ (c) might true./ (d) No error.

22 English – from Plinth to Paramount

Verb (Basic)
41. (a) Very soon/ (b) I realised/ (c) that he is at fault/ (d) No error.
42. (a) He remembered/ (b) that his visa/ (c) will be expired in a month/ (d) No error.
43. (a) I wasn’t/ (b) at the last meeting and/ (c) neither was you/ (d) No error.
44. (a) In any case no disciplinary action/ (b) are required/ (c) to be taken/ (d) No error.
45. (a) The capital of Yemen/ (b) is situating/ (c) 2190 metres above the sea level/ (d)
No error.
46. (a) Owing to the heavy rains,/ (b) the ship drowned/ (c) in the middle of the ocean./
(d) No error.
47. (a) If your jogging clothes/ (b) were not made of/ (c) permeable fabric you will drown/
(d) in your sweat.

Answers with explanation

1. (b) 'rose' (rise V 2) 'raised many questions

2. (a) ‘Bear’ V3 'born' 'Bear' V3 'borne'

3. (b) ‘found’ ‘founded’ 'found' V3 founded
4. (a) Complain (V1) V2 V3 'Complained' 'Complaint' (Noun)
5. (b) 'Affect' (V) 'effect' (N)
6. (b) ‘loose’ (adj.) Lose (V) 'Lose my temper'

7. (a) ‘lie’ V2 'lay’ 'Lie' V2 'lied'

8. (b) ‘Overflow’ V2 'overflowed'
9. (a) ‘lay’ V2 laid
10. (a) 'fell' 'befell' 'Befall' /
11. (c) ‘hang’ ‘V2’ ‘V3’ hung 'Hang' ‘V2’ ‘V3’ 'hanged'
12. (c) ‘return’ ‘back’
‘repeat’ ‘again’ ‘enter’ ‘into’
13. (c) 'agree' ‘accept’
14. (c) ‘Slay’ V3 ‘slain’ ‘slewed’.
15. (b) 'Conclusively' 'putting an end to debate, question or doubt'. 'Suspect'
'conclusively' 'self contradictory'
16. (c) ‘steal’ ‘to’ ‘Dare’ 'main verb' 'infinitive' 'to +
V1 ' 'to steal'
17. (b) ‘Past Tense’ ‘ability’ ‘can’ 'could'
18. (a) ‘needs’ Main verb modal ‘needs’ 'need'
19. (b) ‘dare’ modal ‘to go’ 'go' Modal
'V1' 'to + V1'
20. (a) ‘I used to’ 'I use to' routine action
English – from Plinth to Paramount 23
 Verb (Basic)
'used to + V1'
21. (b) 'could' 'must'
22. (c) 'then' 'than' 'would rather' 'than'
23. (c) 'will' 'should' 'lest' 'should'
24. (b) 'will' 'would' 'Past Tense' 'would'
'will'
25. (c) 'to waste' 'waste' 'need not' 'V1'
26. (a) 'would' 'V1' V2 'broke' 'break'
27. (c) 'may' 'might' 'Past'
28. (a) 'To' structure 'must + not + have + V3.'
29. (b) 'should be' 'V3' 'V1' 'recycle' 'recycled'
30. (b) 'be able to' 'Cannot' 'be able to'

31. (b) ‘May’ ‘Might’ ‘yesterday’ 'Past'

32. (a) ‘May he live long’ ‘wish’
33. (b) ‘Could keep’ ‘could have kept’
34. (b) ‘Ought to learn’ ‘Ought to have learnt’
35. (b) ‘Shall’ Main verb ‘be’
36. (a) ‘Ought to’ ‘be’
37. (b) ‘Should bring’ ‘should have brought’
38. (b) ‘get’ ‘getting’ ‘habitual action’
39. (c) ‘invented’ ‘discovered’
40. (c) ‘Might’ ‘be’
41. (c) 'is' 'was' 'Past Tense'
42. (c) 'will' 'would' 'Past Tense'
43. (c) 'was' 'were' 'You' 'were'
44. (b) 'are' 'is' subject 'disciplinary action' singular
45. (b) 'situating' 'situated'
46. (b) 'sink' 'drowned' 'sank' (V2)
47. (c) 'will' 'would' 'Past Tense'

24 English – from Plinth to Paramount