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Sound Notes IX

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28 views

Sound Notes IX

Uploaded by

lonelucca13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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|Class: IX Topic: Sound

Introduction
’ The sensation felt by our ears is called sound.

’ Sound is a form of energy which makes us hear.


’ Law of conservation of energy is also applicable to sound.
’ Sound travels in form of wave.

Production of Sound
’ Sound is produced when object vibrates or sound is produced by vibrating
objects.

’ The energy required to make an object vibrate and produce sound is provided
by some outside source (like our hand, wind etc.).

’ Example: Sound of our voice is produced by vibration of two vocal cords in


our throat.

Open vOcal chord

Closed vOcal chord


" Sound of a drum or tabla is produced by vibration of its membrane
when struck.

’ In laboratory experiments, sound is produced by vibrating tuning fork. The


vibrations of tuning fork can be shown by touching a small suspended pith ball
(cork ball) with a prong of the sounding tuning fork. The pith ball is pushed away
with a great force.

Thread

Table tennis ball

Vibrat1ng tuning fork

" Sound can be produced by following methods:


(i) By vibrating string (sitar)
(ii) By vibrating air (flute)
(ii) By vibrating membrane (table, drum)
(iv) By vibrating plates (bicycle bell)
(v) By friction in objects
(vi) By scratching or scrubbing the objects etc.
Propagation of Sound
’ The substance through which sound travels is called a medium.
’ The medium may be solid, liquid or gas.
’ When an object vibrates, then the air particles around it also start vibrating in
exactly the same way and displaced from their stable position.

’ These vibrating air particles exert a force on nearby air particles so they are also
displaced from their rest position and start to vibrate.
’ This process is continued in the medium till sound reaches our ears.
’ The disturbance produced by sound travels through the medium (not the
particles of the medium).

’ Wave is a disturbance which travels through a medium and carries energy.


’ So sound travels in wave form known as mechanical waves.

C RC RC RC R
Vibrating object creating a series of
Compressions and raretactions Longitudinal wave in a slinky

" When a body vibrates then it compresses the air surrounding it and form a area of
high density called compression (C).
’ Compression is the part of wave in which particles of the medium are closer to
one another forming high pressure.
’ This compression move away from the vibrating body.
" When vibrating body vibrates backa area of low pressure is formed
called rarefaction(R).
’ Rarefaction is the area of wave in which particles of the medium are further
apart from one another forming a low pressure or low density area.
’ When body vibrates back and forth, a series of compression and rarefaction is
formed in air resulting in sound wave.
+ Propogation of sound wave is propogation of density change.
Compression Rarefaction Compression Rarefaction

Grcater Less Grcater Less


density density density density

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