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Lec 7

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13 views17 pages

Lec 7

Uploaded by

georgesatieh4
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ELG3175 Introduction to

Communication Systems

Introduction to
Amplitude
Modulation: DSB-SC
Introduction to modulation

• A message signal, m(t), is to be transmitted.


• Let us assume that this is a baseband signal with
bandwidth Bm.
• In other words, M(f) = 0 for |f| > Bm.
• To transmit the message, we modulate some parameter
of a carrier wave as a function of m(t).
• The carrier wave is a sinusoidal signal:
c(t )  Ac cos(2f c t  q c )
• where Ac is the carrier amplitude, fc is the carrier
frequency and qc is the carrier phase.
• To simplify expressions, we will assume that qc = 0.
Why modulate?

• We use modulation to transmit m(t) for the following


reasons:
– The spectrum of m(t) may fall in a range of
frequencies that are not suitable for the channel.
By modulating we can move the spectrum of the
message signal to a range of frequencies that are
appropriate.
– Antenna lengths are proportional to the wavelength
of the signal. Baseband signals require antenna
lengths that are not practical. Modulating to a
higher frequency reduces the length of the antenna
needed to transmit or receive.
Why modulate? (2)

• To separate different signals that are to be transmitted.


For example, by using different carrier frequencies, we
can multiplex signals so that they can be separated at
the receiver. This is called frequency division
multiplexing (FDM)

Lecture 6
Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier
(DSB-SC)

• In amplitude modulation, (AM), the message, m(t) is


used to modulate the instantaneous amplitude of the
carrier.
• In double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), only
the information bearing modulated carrier is transmitted
by multiplying the carrier with the message signal
s DSB SC (t )  m(t )c(t )
 Ac m(t ) cos(2f c t )
• Where we assume that fc >> Bm.
Example of a DSB-SC signal

m(t) 1

-1

-2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

c(t) 2

-2

-4
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

sDSB-SC(t)
0

-5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Fourier transform of a DSB-SC
signal
• The spectrum of a DSB-SC signal is given by:

Ac A
S DSB  SC ( f )  M ( f  fc )  c M ( f  fc )
2 2
Spectrum of a DSB-SC signal

M(f)
(1/2)M-(f) (1/2)M+(f)
mo

-Bm Bm f

(Ac/4)M-(f+fc) (Ac/4)M+(f+fc) (Ac/4)M-(f-fc)


SDSB-SC(f) (Ac/4)M+(f-fc)
(Ac/2)mo

-fc-Bm -fc -fc+Bm fc-Bm fc fc+Bm


f
The two bands

• M(f) = ½M+(f)+ ½M-(f), therefore m(t) = ½m+(t) +


½m-(t).
• In DSB-SC, the upper sideband is the one where|f| > fc.
Therefore the spectrum of the upper sideband is SUSB(f)
= (Ac/4)M+(f-fc) + (Ac/4)M-(f+fc), which means that
sUSB(t) = (Ac/4)m+(t)ej2fct + (Ac/4)m-(t)e-j2fct.
• The lower sideband is the one |f| < fc.
• Therefore its spectrum is SLSB(f) = (Ac/4)M-(f-fc) +
(Ac/4)M+(f+fc).
• Therefore sLSB(t) = (Ac/4)m-(t)ej2fct + (Ac/4)m+(t)e-j2fct.
Energy or power of a DSB-SC signal

• We saw that if m(t) is an energy signal with energy Em,


then Acm(t)cos2fct is also an energy signal with energy
(Ac2/2)Em.
• Also, if m(t) is a power signal with power Pm, then
Acm(t)cos2fct is also a power signal with power
(Ac2/2)Pm.
Example

• The signal m(t) = sinc(t) is to be transmitted using


DSB-SC. The carrier amplitude is 5V and its frequency
is 25 Hz.
– What is the spectrum of the DSB-SC signal?
– What is the energy of sDSB-SC(t)?
Solution

• The DSB-SC signal is sDSB-SC(t) = 5sinc(t)cos(225t).


• Its spectrum is SDSB-SC(f) = (5/2)P(f-25) +
(5/2)P(f+25).
• The signal sinc(t) is an energy signal with energy E=1,
therefore sDSB-SC(t) is also an energy signal with energy
E = 25/2.

Lecture 6
The DSB-SC signal in our example
5

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
The spectrum of the DSB-SC signal
in our example

1 Hz

5/2

-25 25 f
Coherent demodulation of DSB-SC
signals

• The receiver must recover m(t) from the received


signal.
• If we ignore the effects of transmission (fading,
propagation loss, interference, noise etc) then the
received signal is sDSB-SC(t).
• We wish to perform some operation on sDSB-SC(t) so as
to obtain km(t), where k is a constant.
• In coherent detection, we make use of the identity
cos2(2fct) = ½ + ½ cos(4fct).
Schema du demodulateur / Block
diagram of demodulator

x(t) Lowpass (AcAr/2)m(t)


sDSB-SC(t) × Filter/Filtre
Passe Bas
Arcos(2fct)

-Bm Bm f
Détection cohérente / Coherent
Detection

x(t )  sDSB  SC (t )cr (t )


 Ac Ar m(t ) cos 2 (2f c t )
  2 m(t ) cos( 4f c t )
Ac Ar Ac Ar
m (t )

2
   
baseband signal bandpass signal
passed by the LPF rejected by LPF

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