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23 views7 pages

5 Information Sheet 1.2

Uploaded by

Jasper Aguilar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INFORMATION SHEET 1.

Introduction to Computer Systems


What is Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that helps people perform


different task.
It accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and
manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of
instructions on how the data is to be processed.

FOUR (4) TYPES OF COMPUTER:

Since the advent of the first computer different types and sizes of
computers are offering different services. Computers can be as big as occupying
a large building and as small as a laptop or a microcontroller in systems. The
four basic types of computers are:

1. Super computer
2. Mainframe computer
3. Minicomputer
4. Microcomputer

1. Supercomputer

The most powerful computers in terms of


performance and data processing are the
supercomputers. These are specialized and task
specific computers used by large organizations.
These computers are used for research and
exploration purposes, like NASA uses
supercomputers for launching space shuttles,
controlling them and for space exploration IBM AC922 system
purpose.
This Supercomputer Can Calculate in 1 Second
What Would Take You 6 Billion Years.
Uses of Supercomputer: The supercomputer is an IBM AC922 system that's
made up of 4,608 computer servers
• Space Exploration
• Earthquake studies
• Weather Forecasting
• Nuclear weapons testing
2. Mainframe computer

Although Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers,


but certainly they are quite expensive nonetheless, and many
large firms & government organizations uses Mainframes to run
their business operations. The Mainframe computers can be
accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms because of its size.
Super-computers are the fastest computers with large data
storage capacity.

3. Minicomputer IBM System z9 mainframe

Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms.


Minicomputers are also called as “Midrange Computers”. These
are small machines and canbe accommodated on a disk with not
as processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers
& Mainframes.

4. Microcomputer

Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablets &


smartphones are all types of microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely
used & the fastest growing computers. These computers are the cheapest among
the other three types of computers. The Micro-computers are specially designed
for general usage like entertainment, education and work purposes. Well known
manufacturers of Micro-computer are Dell, Apple, Samsung, Sony & Toshiba.

Examples of Microcomputers
THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE COMPUTER

1. System Unit>acts like the center or


core, processing the data and
information it receives from input
devices.

2. Input Devices>An input device is any


hardware device that sends data to a
computer, allowing you to interact
with and control the computer.

3. Output Devices>these are the devices


like printers. It receives the system
unit's processed information.

1. Input Devices

The most commonly used or


primary input devices on a computer
are the keyboard and mouse.
However, there are dozens of other
devices that can also be used to input
data into the computer.
2. Output Device

Is any peripheral that receives


data from a computer, usually for
display, projection, or physical
reproduction.
3. System Unit

*Basic Parts of the System Unit:

1. System Case
2. Motherboard
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
4. Random Access Memory (RAM)
5. Power Supply
6. Hard disk
7. CDROM drive
8. Expansion Slot

1. System Case

A computer case also known as a


computer chassis, tower, system unit,
cabinet, base unit or simply case and
sometimes incorrectly referred to as the
"CPU" or "hard drive", is the enclosure
Desktop Case
that contains most of the components of
a computer.

Two Types of System Case Tower Case

1. Tower (Full, Mid, Mini) – designed to sit vertically


2. Desktop (Standard, Slimline) – designed to sit horizontally

2. Motherboard

A printed circuit board containing the principal


components of a computer or other device, with
connectors into which other circuit boards can be
slotted.
It holds and allows communication between
many of the crucial electronic components of a system
such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory,
and provides connectors for other peripherals.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A CPU is the electronic circuitry within a computer


that carries out the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and
input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

4. Random Access Memory (RAM)


RAM is the physical hardware inside a computer
that temporarily stores data, serving as the computer's
"working" memory. Additional RAM allows a computer to
work with more information at the same time, which
usually has a considerable effect on total system
performance.

5. Power Supply

A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric


energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power
supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another
and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to
as electric power converters.

6. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

The hard disk drive is the main, and usually


largest, data storage hardware device in a
computer. The operating system, software titles,
and most other files are stored in the hard disk
drive.

The hard drive is


sometimes referred to as the
"C drive" due to the fact that
Microsoft Windows, by default, designates the "C" drive letter to
the primary partition on the primary hard drive in a computer.
e hard disk

Old and Newer Hard drive

1. SATA - Serial Advance Technology Attachment (new)


2. IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics (old)

SATA
IDE
7. CD-ROM Drive
A CD-ROM /ˌsiːˌdiːˈrɒm/ is a pre-pressed optical compact disc
which contains data. The name is an acronym which stands for
"Compact Disc Read-Only Memory". Computers can read CD-
ROMs, but cannot write to CD-ROMs which are not writable or
erasable.
CD – Compact Disk, DVD – Digital Versatile Disk

8. Expansion Slot

The expansion slot (also expansion board, adapter card or


accessory card) in computing is a printed circuit board that
can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion slot
on a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add
functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.

This is where you install the video card, sound card, LAN card,

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