Assignment #1 Name: ___________________________________

4.1 – Exponential Functions Period: ________

4.2 – Natural Exponential Functions
No Calculator Allowed Unless Specified Otherwise

1. Match the exponential function with one of the

graphs labeled I, II, III, and IV at right. No work
required.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2' __________

B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(' __________

C. 𝑓(𝑥) = −2' __________

D. 𝑓(𝑥) = −2(' __________

2. Sketch the graph of the function, labeling the asymptote. State the domain and range.

. '
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2' − 3 B. 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 − -/0

1
C. 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑒 (' D. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑒 ' − 4

3. Find the exponent function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 ' , whose graph is given.

A. B.

2
4. A bacteria culture contains 1,500 bacteria initially and doubles every hour.

A. Find the function, 𝑁(𝑡) = 𝑏 ∙ 𝑎9 , that models B. Calculator Needed Find the number of bacteria
the number of bacteria after 𝑡 hours. after 20 hours. Indicate units.

5. Calculator Needed A radioactive substance decays in such a way the amount of mass remaining after 𝑡 days is
given by the function
𝑀(𝑡) = 13𝑒 (;.;.=9
where 𝑀(𝑡) is the measure in kilograms. Round the result to the third decimal place where appropriate.

A. Find the mass at 𝑡 = 0. Indicate units. B. How much of the mass remains after 45 days?

6. Calculator Needed Although population growth in textbooks is usually modeled using an exponential function,
animal populations are not capable of unrestricted growth because of limited habitat and food supply. Under
such conditions the population follows a logistical growth model of the form
𝑎
𝑃(𝑡) =
1 + 𝑏𝑒 (A9
For a certain fish population in a small pond,
1,200
𝑃(𝑡) =
1 + 11𝑒 (;.C9
where 𝑡 is measured in years. A sketch of this function is shown below right. The fish were introduced into the
pond at 𝑡 = 0.

A. Exactly how many fish were originally in the pond? Indicate units.

3
B. Find the population after 10, 20, and 30 years. Round the result to the nearest integer. Indicate units.

C. Estimate the value of the population 𝑃(𝑡) as time gets larger and larger, 𝑡 → ∞. Indicate units. Does the graph
confirm your estimate?

Answers
Worked out solutions for these problems are available online. Go to our class’s Chapter 4 module in Canvas.

Want Extra Practice Problems?

Close to 100 additional section problems available in both our textbook and our eBook under ‘Exercises.’

4
Assignment #2 Name: ___________________________________
4.3 – Evaluating Logarithmic Expressions Period: ________
No Calculator Allowed Unless Specified Otherwise

1. Express the equation in exponential form.

A. log / 81 = 4 B. log.;(0.01) = −2

C. ln(𝑥 + 1) = 2 D. ln 4 = 𝑥

2. Express the equation in logarithmic form.

.
A. 5(C = C= B. 7/ = 343

C. 𝑒' = 2 D. 𝑒 'MC = 10

3. Evaluate the expression using the property of logarithms log N 𝑎O = 𝑢. No credit given for evaluating it any
other way.

A. log C 2 B. log = 1

C. log / 81 D. ln 𝑒.;

5
 .
E. log Q -.R0 F. log Q √4

G. log QT 7 H. log = 0.2

I. log T √3 J. log Q 8

4. Use the property of logarithms log N 𝑎O = 𝑢 or the definition of logarithms (i.e. convert to an exponent) to
find the value of 𝑥.

A. log Q(𝑥 + 1) = 3 B. log = 125 = 𝑥

/
C. log ' 16 = 2 D. log ' 8 = C

6
 .
E. ln V = 𝑥 + 12 F. log CW 3 = 𝑥

5. Use a calculator to evaluate the expression rounded to the third decimal place.

A. log 2 B. ln 9

C. log 50 D. log √2

E. ln 7.39 F. log(1 + √3)

6. How do we evaluate logarithmic expressions having bases other than 10 and 𝑒? Use the change of base formula
to convert to base 10 or base 𝑒 (your choice).
log 𝑎 ln 𝑎
log Y 𝑎 = =
log 𝑏 ln 𝑏
Evaluate log / 7.
Z[\ W ;.]Q=;T…
log / 7 = Z[\ / = ;.QWW.C… ≈ 1.771
or
Z` W ..TQ=T.…
log / 7 = Z` / = ..;T]R.… ≈ 1.771

Use the change of base formula and your calculator to evaluate the expression rounded to the third decimal
place.

A. log Q 20 B. log.C 100

C. log R 30 D. log W 91

7
Answers
Worked out solutions for these problems are available online. Go to our Canvas class’s Chapter 4 module.

Want Extra Practice Problems?

Close to 100 additional section problems available in both our textbook and our eBook under ‘Exercises.’

8
Assignment #3 Name: ___________________________________
4.3 – Graphing Logarithmic Functions Period: ________
No Calculator Allowed Unless Specified Otherwise

1. Match the exponential function with one of the

graphs labeled I, II, III, and IV at right. No work
required.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = log C 𝑥 __________

B. 𝑓(𝑥) = log C (−𝑥) __________

C. 𝑓(𝑥) = −log C 𝑥 __________

D. 𝑓(𝑥) = − log C(−𝑥) __________

2. Sketch a graph of the function using a translation table. Label the asymptote and state the domain and range.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = log(𝑥 + 4) + 2

B. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 log(2𝑥) − 1

9
C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 2 ln(−𝑥)

D. ℎ(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 + 3) − 4

E. 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 + log /(𝑥 − 1)

F. 𝑦 = − log Q 2(𝑥 + 3)

10
3. Find the domain of the function. Use the ‘World Famous Sign Graph’ where appropriate. Display the result in
interval notation.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = log(2𝑥 + 1) + 4 B. 𝑦 = − log =(8 − 4𝑥)

C. 𝑔(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 C − 1) + 2 D. ℎ(𝑥) = ln 𝑥 + ln(2 − 𝑥)

4. Find the domains of the function 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 and 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓. Use the ‘World Famous Sign Graph’ where appropriate.
Display the result in interval notation.
.
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2' , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 B. 𝑓(𝑥) = log C 𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 'M.

11
Answers
Worked out solutions for these problems are available online. Go to our Canvas class’s Chapter 4 module.

Want Extra Practice Problems?

Close to 100 additional section problems available in both our textbook and our eBook under ‘Exercises.’

12
Assignment #4 Name: ___________________________________
4.4 – Laws of Logarithms Period: ________
No Calculator Allowed Unless Specified Otherwise

1. Fill in the blanks.

Laws of Logarithms: Expanding

g
log Y (𝐴𝐵) = log Y _____ + log Y _____ log Y -h 0 = log Y _____ − log Y _____ log Y (𝐴i ) = 𝑛 log Y _____

Laws of Logarithms: Condensing

log Y 𝐴 + log Y 𝐵 = log Y (________) log Y 𝐴 − log Y 𝐵 = log Y (________) 𝑛 log Y 𝐴 = log Y (________)

2. Use the Laws of Logarithms to expand the expression.

A. log / 2𝑥𝑦 B. log / 8𝑥𝑦

C. ln √3𝑎𝑏 D. log(9𝐴𝐵 C )

Q' l p
E. log C k o F. ln √𝑥 C + 4
m/n

13
 ' l M.
G. log q(' lM/)(' p(W)l H. ln r𝑥q𝑦 √𝑧

3. Use the Laws of Logarithms to combine the expression.

. .
A. log 25 − 2 log 7 B. 3 ln 2 + 2 ln 3 − C ln(𝑥 + 4)
C

C. log =(𝑥 C − 1) − log = (𝑥 − 1) D. log(𝑎 + 𝑏) + log(𝑎 − 𝑏) − 2 ln 𝑐

14
 . .
E. 2(log Q 𝑥 + 2 log Q 𝑦 − 3 log Q 𝑧) F. log(𝑥 + 2)/ + C [log 𝑥 Q − log(𝑥 C − 𝑥 − 6)C ]
/

4. Use the Laws of Logarithms to evaluate the expression.

A. log 50 + log 200 B. log / 135 − log / 45

.
C. log / 81 D. log Q 16.;;
Q

E. log C 6 − log C 15 + log C 20 F. log(log 10.,;;; )

15
Answers
Worked out solutions for these problems are available online. Go to our Canvas class’s Chapter 4 module.

Want Extra Practice Problems?

Close to 100 additional section problems available in both our textbook and our eBook under ‘Exercises.’

16
Assignment #5 Name: ___________________________________
4.5 – Solving Exponential Equations Period: ________
No Calculator Allowed Unless Specified Otherwise

1. Find the exact solution of the equation.

A. 5C'(/ = 1 B. 10(' = 4

C. 3C'(. = 5 D. 8 + 𝑒.(Q' = 20

l (/ . ' l (T
E. 10C' = -.;0 F. 5' = 3'M.

17
2. Find the exact solution of the equation. Afterwards, use a calculator to find an approximation to the solution
rounded to the third decimal place where appropriate.
.;
A. =2 B. 𝑒 C' − 𝑒 ' − 6 = 0
.MV wx

C. 3Q' − 3C' = 6 D. 𝑥 C 𝑒 ' + 𝑥𝑒 ' − 𝑒 ' = 0

Answers
Worked out solutions for these problems are available online. Go to our Canvas class’s Chapter 4 module.

Want Extra Practice Problems?

Close to 100 additional section problems available in both our textbook and our eBook under ‘Exercises.’

18
Assignment #6 Name: ___________________________________
4.5 – Solving Logarithmic Equations Period: ________
No Calculator Allowed Unless Specified Otherwise

1. Find the exact solution of the equation.

A. log 𝑥 + log(𝑥 − 1) = log(4𝑥) B. ln(2 + 𝑥) = 1

C. log C(𝑥 C − 𝑥 − 2) = 2 D. 2 log 𝑥 = log 2 + log(3𝑥 − 4)

E. log /(𝑥 + 15) − log /(𝑥 − 1) = 2 F. log Q (𝑥 + 2) + log Q 3 = log Q 5 + log Q(2𝑥 − 3)

19
 .
G. 4 − log(𝑥 − 3) = 2 H. ln -𝑥 − C0 + ln 2 = 2 ln 𝑥

I. log C 𝑥 + log C (𝑥 − 3) = 1 J. log C(log / 𝑥) = 4 Calculator Needed

Answers
Worked out solutions for these problems are available online. Go to our Canvas class’s Chapter 4 module.

Want Extra Practice Problems?

Close to 100 additional section problems available in both our textbook and our eBook under ‘Exercises.’

20
Assignment #7 Name: ___________________________________
4.6 – Modeling with Exponential Functions Period: ________
No Calculator Allowed Unless Specified Otherwise

1. Radioactive Decay of Radium The half-life of radium-226 is 1,600 years. Suppose we have a 32-milligram
sample. Assume that the radium decays exponentially. 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 z9

A. Find a function, 𝑀(𝑡), that models the mass remaining after 𝑡 years. Simplify the function fully.

B. How much of the sample will remain after 3,200 years? Indicate units.

C. After how many years will only 4 mg of the sample remain? Indicate units.

21
2. Growth of a Frog Population Some bullfrogs were
introduced into a small pond at 𝑡 = 0. The graph at right
shows the population for the next few years. Assume that
the population grows exponentially. 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 z9

A. What was the initial bullfrog population? Indicate units.

(Assume the graph is accurate.) No work required.

B. Find a function, 𝑃(𝑡), that models the bullfrog population 𝑡 years since the bullfrogs were put into the pond.
Simplify the function fully.

C. Calculator Needed What is the projected bullfrog population after 15 years? Round to the nearest integer.
Indicate units.

D. Calculator Needed Estimate how long it takes the population to reach 75,000 frogs round the result to the
third decimal place. Indicate units.

22
3. Carbon-14 Dating The burial cloth of an Egyptian mummy is estimated to contain 59% of the carbon-14 it
contained originally. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. Assume that carbon-14 decays exponentially
using the formula 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 z9 .

A. Find a function, 𝑀(𝑡), that models the mass remaining after 𝑡 years. Simplify the function fully. [Note: Since
we are not given an initial mass of carbon-14 in the mummy, use 𝐶 or the textbook’s 𝑀; to represent the initial
mass of the carbon.]

B. Calculator Needed How long ago was the mummy buried? Round to the third decimal place. Indicate units.

Answers
Worked out solutions for these problems are available online. Go to our Canvas class’s Chapter 4 module.

Want Extra Practice Problems?

Close to 100 additional section problems available in both our textbook and our eBook under ‘Exercises.’
device.

23
24
Assignment #8 Name: ___________________________________
4.7 – Modeling with logarithmic Functions Period: ________
A Calculator is Allowed on All Problems

~ ~
pH Scale: pH = − log[HM ] Richter Scale: M = log -•0 = log -.;w€0

1. The hydrogen concentration of a sample of each substance is given. Calculate the pH of the substance, rounding
to the tenth place.

A. Lemon juice: [HM ] = 5.0 × 10(/ M B. Tomato juice: [HM ] = 3.2 × 10(Q M

C. Seawater: [HM ] = 5.0 × 10(T M D. Milk: [HM ] = 1.6 × 10(W M

2. The pH of saliva is normally in the range of 6.4 to 7.0. However, when a person is ill, the person’s saliva
becomes more acidic.

A. When Marco is sick, he tests the pH of his saliva and finds that it is 5.5. What is the hydrogen concentration of
his saliva? Display the result in scientific notation where the coefficient is rounded to the tenth place. Indicate
units.

B. Will the hydrogen ion concentration in Marco’s saliva increase or decrease as he gets better?

C. After Marco recovers, he tests the pH of his saliva, and it is 6.5. Was the saliva more acidic or less acidic when
he was sick?

25
3A. Find the magnitude of an earthquake that has an intensity that is 31.25 (that is, the amplitude of the
seismograph reading at 31.25 cm). Round the result to the nearest tenth.

B. An earthquake was measured to have a magnitude of 4.8 on the Richter scale. Find the intensity of the
earthquake. Round the result to the nearest tenth. Indicate units.

4. The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco had a magnitude of 8.3 on the Richter scale. At the same time in Japan,
an earthquake with magnitude 4.9 caused only minor damage. How many times more intense was the San
Francisco earthquake than the Japan earthquake? Round the result to the nearest integer.

Answers
Worked out solutions for these problems are available online. Go to our Canvas class’s Chapter 4 module.

Want Extra Practice Problems?

Close to 100 additional section problems available in both our textbook and our eBook under ‘Exercises.’

26
Assignment #9 Name: ________________________________________
Review of Chapter 4 Period: ________
A Calculator is Not Allowed on Any Problems but 8-10.

1. Sketch the graph of the exponential function labeling any asymptotes. Determine the exact values of any 𝑥-
and 𝑦-intercepts.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2('M.

B. 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑒 'M. − 2

27
2. Sketch the graph of the logarithmic function using a translation table function. Label any asymptotes.
Determine the exact values of any 𝑥- and 𝑦-intercepts.

A. 𝑔(𝑥) = −2 log(𝑥 + 2) − 1

B. 𝑓(𝑥) = log C (2𝑥 − 4)

.
C. 𝑦 = − ln 2𝑥 − 3
C

28
3. Find the domain of the function. Use the ‘World Famous Sign Graph’ where appropriate.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = log = 3𝑥 + 2 B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 10' + log(1 − 2𝑥)

C. 𝑦 = log(2 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 C ) D. 𝑔(𝑥) = ln|𝑥|

4. Evaluate the expression using the property of logarithms log N 𝑎O = 𝑢 and/or the Laws of Exponents. No credit
given for evaluating any other way.

A. log 0.00001 B. log Q 8

C. 2Z[\l ./ D. 𝑒 C Z` W

E. log = 250 − log = 2 E. log / √243

29
5. Expand the logarithmic expression.

Q(' l (.) ' l (.(=')p/l

A. ln ƒ „ B. log … ‡
' l M. m' p ('

6. Combine into a single logarithm.

. .
A. log(𝑥 − 2) + log(𝑥 + 2) − log(𝑥 C + 4) B. [ln(𝑥 − 4) + 5 ln(𝑥 C + 4𝑥)]
C C

30
7. Find the exact solution of the equation.
.
A. 2/'(= = 7 B. 5Q(' = .C=

C. 3C' − 3' − 6 = 0 D. log 𝑥 + log(𝑥 + 1) = log 12

E. log ](𝑥 + 5) − log ](𝑥 − 2) = 1 F. 𝑒 /'/Q = 10

31
8. A culture of bacteria initially contains 10,000 bacteria. After one hour the count of the bacteria was 25,000. (a)
Find a function 𝑃(𝑡) that models the bacteria population after 𝑡 hours, simplifying the function fully. (b) Use a
calculator to determine the number of bacteria after 8 hours. Round the result to the nearest integer. Indicate
units. 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 z9

9. The half-life of palladium-100 is 4 days. After 20 days a sample has been reduced to 1/64 grams. (a) Find a
function 𝑀(𝑡) that models the mass remaining after 𝑡 days, simplifying the function fully. Use 𝑀; to represent
the initial mass of the palladium. (b) What was the initial mass of the sample? Indicate units.
𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 z9

32
10. The pH of lime juice is approximately 2. Find the hydrogen concentration, displaying the result in scientific
notation where the coefficient is rounded to the tenth place. Indicate units. pH= − log[HM ]

Answers
Worked out solutions to these problems are available online. Go to our Canvas class’s Chapter 4 module.

Extra Practice
• Chapter 4 Review (Properties & Formulae) on page 386 in our textbook and available on our eBook.
• Chapter 4 Concept Check on page 388 in our textbook and available on our eBook.
• Chapter 4 Exercise on page 388 in our textbook and available on our eBook.
• Chapter 4 Test on page 391 in our textbook and available on our eBook.

33
34