EXPERIMENT- 1

1.1. Writeasketchtodotheblinkofthe4LEDswhichisconnectedtoDP2,3,4and5?
- voidsetup()
{
pinMode(2,
OUTPUT);pinMode(3,
OUTPUT);pinMode(4,
OUTPUT);pinMode(5,
OUTPUT);
}

voidloop()
{
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(2,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(3,HI
GH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(3,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(4,HI
GH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(4,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(5,HI
GH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(5,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(4,HI
GH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(4,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(3,HI
GH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(3,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(2,HI
GH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(2,L
OW);
}
1.2. BlockdiagramofArduinoUNOandexplainthecomponents.
1.3. WriteasketchtocreateaonewaytrafficunitbyusingArduinoUNO
- voidsetup()
{
pinMode(2,
OUTPUT);pinMode(7,
OUTPUT);pinMode(12,
OUTPUT);
}

voidloop()
{
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(2,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(7,HI
GH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(7,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(12,
HIGH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(12,L
OW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)
}
1.4. WriteasketchtocreateatwowaytrafficunitbyusingArduinoUNO
- voidsetup()
{
pinMode(2,
OUTPUT);pinMode(11,
OUTPUT);pinMode(7,
OUTPUT);pinMode(8,
OUTPUT);pinMode(12,
OUTPUT);pinMode(5,O
UTPUT);
}

voidloop()
{
digitalWrite(2,
HIGH);digitalWrite(11,
HIGH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor
1000millisecond(s)digi
talWrite(2,LOW);
digitalWrite(11,LOW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(7,HI
GH);
digitalWrite(8,HIGH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(7,L
OW);
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(12,
HIGH);
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)digitalWrite(12,L
OW);
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
delay(1000);//Waitfor1000millisecond(s)
}
1.5. WriteasketchtocreateafourwaytrafficunitbyusingArduinoUNO
- intsignal1[]={13,12,11};
intsignal2[]={10,9,8};
intsignal3[]={7,6,5};
intsignal4[]={4,3,2};

voidsetup(){
for(inti=0; i<3;i++){
pinMode(signal1[i],
OUTPUT);pinMode(signal2[i],
OUTPUT);pinMode(signal3[i],
OUTPUT);pinMode(signal4[i],
OUTPUT);
}//endoffor

}//end of

setup()voidloop(

){
intredDelay=8000;
intyellowDelay=2000;
// Making GreenLED at signal 1 and red LED's at other signal
HIGHdigitalWrite(signal1[2],HIGH);
digitalWrite(signal1[0],
LOW);digitalWrite(signal2[0],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal3[0],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal4[0],
HIGH);delay(redDelay);
//MakingGreenLEDatsignal1LOWandmakingyellowLEDatsignal1HIGHfor2seconds
digitalWrite(signal1[1],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal1[2],
LOW);delay(yellowDelay);
digitalWrite(signal1[1],LOW);
// Making GreenLED at signal 2 and red LED's at other signal
HIGHdigitalWrite(signal1[0],HIGH);
digitalWrite(signal2[2],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal2[0],
LOW);digitalWrite(signal3[0],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal4[0],
HIGH);delay(redDelay);
//MakingGreenLEDatsignal2LOWandmakingyellowLEDatsignal2HIGHfor2seconds
digitalWrite(signal2[1],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal2[2],
LOW);delay(yellowDelay);
digitalWrite(signal2[1],LOW);
// Making GreenLED at signal 3 and red LED's at other signal
HIGHdigitalWrite(signal1[0],HIGH);
digitalWrite(signal2[0],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal3[2],
HIGH);
digitalWrite(signal3[0],
LOW);digitalWrite(signal4[0],
HIGH);delay(redDelay);
//MakingGreenLEDatsignal3LOWandmakingyellowLEDatsignal3HIGHfor2seconds
digitalWrite(signal3[1],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal3[2],
LOW);delay(yellowDelay);
digitalWrite(signal3[1],LOW);
// Making GreenLED at signal 4 and red LED's at other signal
HIGHdigitalWrite(signal1[0],HIGH);
digitalWrite(signal2[0],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal3[0],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal4[2],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal4[0],
LOW);delay(redDelay);
//MakingGreenLEDatsignal4LOWandmakingyellowLEDatsignal4HIGHfor2seconds
digitalWrite(signal4[1],
HIGH);digitalWrite(signal4[2],
LOW);delay(yellowDelay);
digitalWrite(signal4[1],LOW);

SUBMITTEDBY

Name – Satyam raj

Reg. No –2101020603

Branch - CSE (RAI)

 Experiment –2
2.1 Write a sketch to increase and decrease the brightness of a led by using
PWM pins.
- int led1=3;
int led2=5;
void setup()
{
pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
for(int brightness=0;brightness<=255;brightness=brightness+20){
analogWrite(led1,brightness);
delay(200);
}
for(int brightness=255;brightness>=0;brightness=brightness-20){
analogWrite(led2,brightness);
delay(200);
}
}
2.2 Write a sketch to increase and decrease the brightness of a led by using
PWM pins.
- int led1=3;
int led2=5;
void setup()
{
pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
for(int brightness=255;brightness>=0;brightness=brightness-20){
analogWrite(led2,brightness);
delay(200);
}
for(int brightness=0;brightness<=255;brightness=brightness+20){
analogWrite(led1,brightness);
delay(200);
}
}
2.3 Write a sketch to check the brightness of a LED using a Potentiometer.

- int potPin = A0;

int potValue = 0;
int brightness = 0;
int ledPin = 6;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
potValue = analogRead(potPin);
brightness = (255.0/1023.0)*potValue;
analogWrite(ledPin, brightness);
}
2.4 Write a sketch to control the brightness of 4 LEDS by using
potentiometer.
- int potPin = A5;
int led1Pin = 2;
int led2Pin = 3;
int led3Pin = 4;
int led4Pin = 5;

void setup()
{
pinMode(potPin, INPUT);
pinMode(led1Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led2Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led3Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led4Pin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
int potMeasure = analogRead(A5);
Serial.println(potMeasure);
if (potMeasure< 256)
{
digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led2Pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(led3Pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(led4Pin, LOW);
}
else if (potMeasure< 512)
{
digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led2Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led1Pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(led1Pin, LOW);
}
else if (potMeasure< 768)
{
digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led2Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led1Pin, LOW);
}
else if (potMeasure< 1024)
{
digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led2Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH);
}
}
Submitted by
Name – Satyam raj
Regd No. – 2101020603
Branch – CSE (RAI)
 Experiment –3
Q.Interfacing with IR sensors using Arduino uno.
Components List:
• Arduino Uno R3 – 1
• Breadboard
• IR Sensor
• Jumperwires
• LEDs
CODE:
int ir = 3;
int irvalue = 0;

void setup()
{
pinMode(ir, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Initializes serial communication
}

void loop()
{
irvalue = digitalRead(ir);

if(irvalue == HIGH){
Serial.println("Object is detected");
}
else{
Serial.println("Object is not detected");
}

delay(1000); // 1-second delay between readings

}
 Name – Satyam raj
Regd No – 2101020603
Branch – Robtoics and AI
Group - 10
 Experiment –4
Q.Write a sketch to use SensorHC-SR04) to detect the distance of an object placed and
show the distance.

Components List:
• Arduino Uno R3 – 1
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Breadboard
• Jumperwires
• Sensor(HC-SR04)
• Buzzer

CODE:
// defines pins numbers
inttrigPin = 7;
intechoPin = 12;
// defines variables
float duration;
int distance;
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication
}
void loop() {
// Clears the trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in
microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
// Calculating the distance
distance = (duration * 0.034) / 2;
// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.println(distance);
}

Name – Satyam raj

Regd No –2101020603
Branch – Robotics and AI
Group -10
 Experiment –5
Q.Write a sketch to interface with ultrasonic sensors.
Components List:
• Arduino Uno R3 – 1
• Breadboard
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Jumperwires
CODE:
// defines pins numbers
int trigPin = 7; int echoPin = 12;
// defines variables
float duration; int distance;
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication
}
void loop() {
// Clears the trigPindigitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in
microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
// Calculating the distance
distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Distance: "); Serial.println(distance);
}
 Name – Satyam raj
Regd No – 2101020603
Branch – Robotics and AI
Group -10
 Experiment –6
Q.Write a sketch to interface with ultrasonic sensors and LEDs.
Components List:
• Arduino Uno R3 – 1
• Breadboard
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Jumperwires
• LEDs
CODE:
int TRIG_PIN= 7; // Arduino pin connected to Ultrasonic Sensor's TRIG pin
int ECHO_PIN= 2; // Arduino pin connected to Ultrasonic Sensor's ECHO pin
int BUZZER_PIN = 8; // Arduino pin connected to Piezo Buzzer's pin
int DISTANCE_THRESHOLD = 30; // centimeters
// variables will change:
float duration, distance;
void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);// initialize serial port
pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);// set arduino pin to output mode
pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);// set arduino pin to input mode
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT); // set arduino pin to output mode
}
void loop() {
// generate 10-microsecond pulse to TRIG pin
digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
// measure duration of pulse from ECHO
pin duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
// calculate the distance
distance = 0.017 * duration; //distance in CM
if(distance< DISTANCE_THRESHOLD)
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH); // turn on Piezo Buzzer
else
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW); // turn off Piezo Buzzer
// print the value to Serial Monitor
Serial.print("distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");
delay(500);
}

Name – Satyam raj

Regd No – 2101020603
Branch – Robotics and AI
Group -10
 Experiment –7
Q.Write a sketch to PIR sensor-based Security Alarm System.
Components List:
• Arduino Uno R3 – 1
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Jumperwires
• Speaker
CODE:
int sensorState = 0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(2, INPUT);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
// read the state of the sensor/digital input
sensorState = digitalRead(2);
// check if sensor pin is HIGH. if it is, set the
// LED on.
if (sensorState == HIGH) {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
Serial.println("Sensor active!");
} else {
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
}
delay(10);
}
int Current = LOW; // current state of pin
int Previous = LOW; // previous state of pin
void setup() {
pinMode(2, INPUT); // read value from OUTPUT pin of sensor
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
Previous = Current; // store old state
Current = digitalRead(2); // read new state

if (Previous == LOW && Current == HIGH) {

// pin state change: LOW -> HIGH
Serial.println("Motion detected:");
}
else if (Previous == HIGH && Current == LOW) {
// pin state change: HIGH -> LOW
Serial.println(“No Motion detected!");
}
}

Name – Satyam raj

Regd No – 2101020603
Branch – Robotics and AI
Group -10
 Experiment –8
Q.DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor Interfacing.
Components List:
• Arduino Uno R3 – 1
• DHT11 Sensor
• Jumperwires
CODE:
#include <SimpleDHT.h>

// for DHT11,
// VCC: 5V or 3V
// GND: GND
// DATA: 2
int pinDHT11 = 2;
SimpleDHT11 dht11(pinDHT11);

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
// start working...
Serial.println("=================================");
Serial.println("Sample DHT11...");

// read without samples. byte temperature = 0; byte humidity = 0;

int err = SimpleDHTErrSuccess;
if ((err = dht11.read(&temperature, &humidity, NULL)) != SimpleDHTErrSuccess) {
Serial.print("Read DHT11 failed, err=");
Serial.print(SimpleDHTErrCode(err));
Serial.print(","); Serial.println(SimpleDHTErrDuration(err)); delay(1000);
return;
}

Serial.print("Sample OK: "); Serial.print((int)temperature); Serial.print(" *C, ");

Serial.print((int)humidity); Serial.println(" H");

// DHT11 sampling rate is 1HZ. delay(1500);

}

Name – Satyam raj

Regd No – 2101020603
Branch – Robotics and AI
Group -10
 Experiment –9
Q.Getting Started with ESP8266
9.1 Program to connect Node mcu with WiFi.
Code:
#include<ESP8266WiFi.h>
//Create a Constant
Const char* ssid = “Enter your WiFi Name”;
Const char* password = “Enter your password”;
Void setup() {
//put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(115200);
Delay(10);
Serial.println();
Serial.print(“Connecting to..”);
Serial.print(ssid);
Serial.println();
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
While(WiFi.status() != WL_ CONNECTED){
Delay(500);
Serial.println(“Trying to connect…..”);
}
Serial.println(“WiFi is connected”);
Void loop(){
}
9.2PWM Dimmer with ESP8266.
Hardware Required:
• ESP8266 Board
• LED
• Resistor 220 ohm
• Breadboard
Code:
const int ledPin = 2;
void setup() {
}
void loop() {
// increase the LED brightness
for(int dutyCycle = 0; dutyCycle< 255; dutyCycle++){
// changing the LED brightness with PWM
analogWrite(ledPin, dutyCycle);
delay(10);
}
// decrease the LED brightness
for(int dutyCycle = 255; dutyCycle> 0; dutyCycle--){
// changing the LED brightness with PWM
analogWrite(ledPin, dutyCycle);
delay(10);
}
}
9.3“Hello World” Web Server.
Hardware Required:
• ESP8266 Board
• Breadboard
Code:
#include "ESP8266WiFi.h“
#include "ESP8266WebServer.h"
ESP8266WebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin("Network name", "Password");
//Connect to the WiFi network
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
//Wait for connection delay(500);
Serial.println("Waiting to connect…");
}
Serial.print("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); //Print the local IP
server.on("/other", []() {//Define the handling function for the path server.send(200, "text /
plain", "Other URL");
});

Name – Satyam raj

Regd No – 2101020603
Branch – Robotics and AI
Group -10