Bontu Gadisa
Bontu Gadisa
NAME…………..BONTU GADISA
ID NO……………RR0487/15
SECTION………..02
COURSE NAME: INSC 2111
Borko (1968);
"Information science includes aspects of computer science, library science, and several
others to describe the processes of gathering, organizing, storing, retrieving, and using.
This obviously makes information science the applied area relevant for library and
documentation services."
2. Technological Perspective
Larsen (2004):
3. Cognitive Perspective
Belkin (1990):
"Information science is also concerned with the types of interactions between humans
and information systems where humans would be using those information systems in
seeking, finding, and using information."
4. Systems Perspective
Saracevic (1996):
Information science deals with the design, implementation, and evaluation of
information systems that manage and distribute knowledge resources effectively.
This perspective focuses on the systemic and organizational aspects of managing
information.
5. Multidisciplinary Perspective
This underlines the field’s reliance on knowledge from various disciplines to understand
and solve information problems.
7. Economic Perspective
Machlup (1962):
Key Concepts:
These theories refer to how individuals collect, use and share information.
Dervin's Sense-Making Theory- How people make sense of the information relative to
their context and situations.
Kuhlthau's ISP- Describes the stages of uncertainty and feelings in the information
search process.
Germane Load: Cognitive effort that is being used to create a deep understanding.
D. Social informatics:
Description: This field defines 'social informatics' as the study of the social aspects of
the technology: the ways in which people use information technology and its effects on
society itself.
Key Concepts:
Cultural Factors: Influence how information systems are designed and adopted.
E. Theories of Classification
and Organization
Ranganathan’s Five Laws of Library Science: Fundamental principles for organizing and
disseminating information:
1. Books are for use.
Facet Analysis: A systematic method for classifying complex information using facets or
categories.
G. Information Economics
Key Concepts:
Asymmetric Information: Situations where one party has more or better information than
another.
H. Semiotics
Description: A framework for understanding the transformation of raw data into actionable
wisdom.
Levels:
Relevance: Focuses on issues like digital divide, intellectual property, and access to
information.
➠These theories collectively help scholars and practitioners in information science design
systems, improve user experiences, and understand the broader implications of information
in society.
1. Information Overload
This serves as a further complication of the already avalanche growth of digital content,
which creates overwhelming information. Information science addresses this development
by providing tools and techniques like search engines and data categorization in filtering,
organizing, and retrieving information.
As millions of data are produced every day, information science effectively solves the
problem of structuring, storing, and securing such data. Development in database, metadata
systems, and data warehouse construction is included in the design.
Different audiences, including people with disabilities, should have that information at hand.
Information science must design user-friendly systems and interfaces that would maximize
inclusivity and usability.
5. Digital Divide
Information and communication technologies are not available to everyone. Bridging the
digital divide in information access is an area that researchers in information science explore
by promoting digital literacy and improving access for disadvantaged segments of the
population.
Digital age has the tsunami of misinformation and disinformation. Information science works
on algorithms and systems for fact checking, source evaluation, and accuracy definition
within the information stream.
The most modern issues require integrated interdisciplinary thinking. Information science is
effective in integrating and analyzing data from different fields-from healthcare, education to
environmental science-in order to inform decision making.
With the advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning, information science plays a
pivotal role in the development of intelligent systems for the processing of information, such
as natural language processing, the recommendation systems, and predictive analytics.
From how information gets collected to how it is used and shared, the ethical issues are
critical. Information science is the development of frameworks through which ethical
practices in the management of information can be assured.
➠ Information science, therefore, plays an enabling role in helping societies
to deal with clarifying issues in the mazes that progress into the most
modern information landscape.
Interdisciplinary Nature
Theories and techniques from many disciplines can be combined in information science:
5. Social Science and Humanities: Includes ethical, legal, and societal implications of
using information.
Career Pathways
As an interdisciplinary subject, its practitioners are found across the varied fields that include
the following specializations:
Library and Archival Science: Managing information resources in the public, academic, and
special libraries;
Information Systems Design: Developing databases, digital libraries, and knowledge
management systems;
Cyber security: Protecting information assets against unauthorized access and breaches
➠ Information science has shifted from being a field closely linked with
librarianship to broader societal and technological challenges. Information
science has become a space for transdisciplinary collaboration for innovative
solutions in areas such as artificial intelligence, digital preservation, and
open access to scholarly resources.
1. Early Foundations:
Postwar Developments:
However, the needs and priorities have changed since the end of World War II. It is an
emergence in the memory of Vannevar Bush's article, "As We May Think," which proposed a
theoretical mechanical contrivance, Memex, primarily to manage and retrieve large
quantities of information.
Computing Born:
The establishment of computers in the 1950s and 1960s revolutionized the storage, retrieval,
and processing of data. Information science has widened its scope to include computer
science and techniques of data management.
3. Institutionalization (1960s-1970s):
And hence it started making waves. The term was made use of more widely in context.
Personal computers and the internet eventually completely transformed the discipline.
Some key innovations were the developments of search engines, relational databases, and,
most important, the World Wide Web.
Human-Centered Approaches:
Information behavior, literacy, and ethics have become some of the focal areas.
Globalization of Information:
Reference
🡪Goggle
🡪 Bates, M.J.(2010). “information Science.”
🡪 Bawden, D & Robinson. L,(2012) Introduction to information science facet
publishing.
🡪 Saracevic, T.(1995) “The evolution of information science: interdisciplinary
and multidisciplinary perspectives.
🡪 Buckland, M. k (1991). “Information as a thing.” Journal of the American
Society for Information Science, 42(5), 351-360.