Modul

e3
I
mpor
tantquest
ions:
-

1.Dr
awpowerst
agesofsy
nchr
onousmot
or(
6mar
ks)

2.Expl
ainwhythesy nchr
onousmot orar
enotsel
fstar
ti
ng. l
i
stthe
methods of st
art
ing synchr
onous motor
,li
st adv
antage and
di
sadvant
ages(6,
8,
9mar ks)

3.Wi
ththehel
pofv
ect
ordi
agr
am expl
ainsy
nchr
onousmot
oronl
oad(
8
mar
ks)

4.Expl
aini
ndet
ail
powerdev
elopedi
nsy
nchr
onousmot
or(
7mar
ks)

5.Di
scusst
heconceptofV-
cur
veandi
nver
tedV-
cur
ve(
8mar
ks)

6.Di
scussaboutt
hedi
ff
erentt
orquei
nasy
nchr
onousmot
or(
7mar
ks)

7.Expl
aint
hepr
inci
pleandoper
ati
onofsy
nchr
onousmot
or(
6,7,
8mar
ks)

8.Expl
aindoubl
erev
olv
ingt
heor
y(7mar
ks)

9.Descr
ibecl
assi
fi
cat
ionofsi
ngl
ephasei
nduct
ionmot
or(
8mar
ks)

10. Descr
ibepr
ocedur
eforpl
ott
ingV-cur
ve(
7mar
ks)

11. Whatar
ethespeci
alchar
act
eri
sti
csofsy
nchr
onousmot
or(
6
mar
ks)

12. Whatarethemer
it
s,demer
it
sandappl
i
cat
ionofsy
nchr
onous
mot
or(7marks)

13. Howcanpr
eventhunt
ingsy
nchr
onousmot
or(
6,7mar
ks)

14. Expl
ainpowerf
lowi
nsy
nchr
onousmot
or(
6mar
ks)

15. Whati
spulli
ntor
queandr
eluct
ancet
orquei
nsy
nchr
onous
mot
or(6mar
ks)

1
 16. Explai
nwhysingl
ephasei
nducti
onmot
ori
snotsel
fst
art
ing
(doubl
er evol
vi
ngtheor
y)(8marks)

17. Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofsi
ngl
ephasei
nduct
ionmot
or(
7mar
ks)

1)Expl
aint
hepr
inci
pleandoper
ati
onofsy
nchr
onousmot
or(
6,7,
8mar
ks)
Const
ruct
ionOfSy
nchr
onousMot
or

1)MainFeatur
esofSy
nchr
onousMot
ors(
whysy
nchr
onousmot
ornot
sel
fstar
ti
ng)

• Sy
nchr
onousmot
orsar
enotsel
fst
art
ing.

• Thespeedofoperat
ionofisinsynchronism wi
ththesuppl
y
fr
equencyandhenceforconstantsupplyfr
equencytheybehav
eas
const
antspeedmotor

• Thi
smakesi
tbei
ngusedi
nel
ect
ri
cal
powerf
act
ori
mpr
ovement
.

Wor
kingPr
inci
pleofaSy
nchr
onousMot
or

2
• Thest
atorandt
her
otorar
ethet
womai
npar
tsoft
hesy
nchr
onous
motor
.

• Thestat
ori
sthest
ati
onar
ypar
toft
hemot
orandr
otori
sthei
r
r
otat
ingpar
t.

• Thestat
ori
sexci
tedbyt
het
hree-
phasesuppl
y,andt
her
otori
s
ex
cit
edbytheDCsuppl
y.

• Thethree-
phasesuppl
yinducest
henor
thandsout
hpol
eont
he
st
ator.

• Themagnet
icf
iel
ddev
elopsont
her
otorbecauseoft
heDCsuppl
y.

• Thepol
ari
tyoftheDCsuppl
ybecomesf
ixed,
andt
hust
hest
ati
onar
y
magnet
icfi
elddevel
opsont
herotor
.

• Thet
erm st
ati
onar
ymeanst
hei
rnor
thandsout
hpol
eremai
nsf
ixed.

• Thespeedatwhichtherot
ati
ngmagnet
icf
iel
drot
atesi
sknownas
thesy
nchronousspeed.

• Thesynchronousspeedoft
hemotordependsonthef
requencyof
t
hesupplyandthenumberofpol
esofthemotor.

3
 NS=120f/P

• Sy
nchr
onousmot
orwor
kont
hepr
inci
pleofmagnet
icl
ocki
ng.

• Whentwounli
kest
rongmagnetspol
esarebroughttoget
her
,ther
e
ex
ist
saf or
ceofextr
act
ionbet
weenthoset
wopol es.

•I
nsuchcondi
ti
on,
thet
womagnet
sar
esai
dtobemagnet
ical
l
ylocked.

• Supposethestatorpol
esareN1andS1whicharerot
ati
ngataspeed
ofNs andthedir
ecti
onofrotat
ionbecl
ockwise.

• Whenthef
iel
dwindi
ngonar ot
orisexci
tedbyt
heD.
Csour
ce,
it
pr
oducest
hetwostat
ionar
ypolesi.
eN2andS2.

• Toestabli
shthemagnet
icl
ocki
ngbet
weenthestat
orandrotorpol
es
the,
unli
kepolesN1andS2orN2andS1shouldbebroughtnearto
eachother.

• Asstatorpolesarerot
ati
ngandduet omagneti
clocki
ngt
herotor
poleswil
l r
otatei
nthesamedirect
ionofr
otati
ngmagneti
cfi
eldas
thatofstatorpol
eswitht
hesamespeedNs.

• Hencesy
nchronousmotorr
otat
esatonl
yonespeedt
hat
i
ssynchr
onousspeed.

• Thesy
nchr
onousspeeddependsont
hef
requencyt
her
efor
efor

4
 constantsuppl
yfrequencysynchr
onousmot
orspeedwi
l
lbeconst
ant
i
rrespecti
veoftheloadchanged.

2)Wi
ththehel
pofv
ect
ordi
agr
am expl
ainsy
nchr
onousmot
oronl
oad(
8
mar
ks)
 Asy
nchr
onousmot
orr
unsatconst
antsy
nchr
onousspeed,
regar
dlessoft
hel
oad.

 Letusseetheef
fectofthel
oadchangeonthemot or
.Consi
derasy
nchr
onous
motoroper
ati
ngini
ti
all
ywithal
eadingpowerfact
or.

5
Theloadont heshaf ti
sincreased.
therotorsl
owsdownmoment ar
ily
,asitr
equiredsome
ti
met otakeincreasedpowerf rom thel
ine.I
nanotherwor
d,itcanbesaidthatevenifthe
rot
orisrotat
ingatsy nchronousspeed,therotorsl
i
psbackinspacebecauseoft heincrease
i
nt hel
oad.Inthisprocess, t
hetorqueangleδbecomeslargerand,asaresult
,theinduced
tor
queincreases.

Thei
nducedt
orqueequat
ioni
sgi
venas

6
 Thus,i
fthel
oadonasynchr
onousmot
ori
sincr
easedt
hef
oll
owi
ngpoi
ntsar
econsi
der
ed
whicharegi
venbel
ow.

 Themotorcontinuest orunatsy nchronousspeed.

 Thetor
queangleδi ncreases.
 Theexci
tati
onvoltageEfr emainsconstant.
 ThearmaturecurrentIadrawnf r
om thesupplyincr
eases.
 Thephaseangleϕi ncr easesi
nt helaggingdi
recti
on.

Ther
eisalimitt
ot hemechanical
loadthatcanbeappl i
edtoasy nchr
onousmotor.Ast
he
l
oadisincr
eased,thet
orqueangleδalsoincreasesunti
lthecondit
ionar
iseswhenther
otor
i
spull
edoutofsy nchr
onism andthemot ori
sst opped.

7
4)Hunt
ingI
nSy
nchr
onousMot
or

5) Equival
entCi
rcui
t
OfSy
nchr
onousMot or

V=Eb+I
aZs

-
Eb=V-
IaZs

8
 I
a=V+Eb/
Zs=ER/
Zs

6)Tor
quei
ntheSy
nchr
onousMot
or

1.St
art
ingt
orque

I
tistorquedevel
opedbyt
hesynchr
onousmot orwhennamepl
ate
volt
ageisappl
iedtoi
tsar
matur
ewinding.I
tisalsocal
l
edas
breakdowntor
que.

2.Runni
ngt
orque

Iti
stor
quedevelopedbythesy
nchronousmotorunderr
unni
ng
condi
ti
on.I
tisdetermi
nedbyhorsepowerandspeedofthemotor
.

3.Pul
li
ntor
que

 Asynchronousmotori
sstar
tedasinduct
ionmotorduri
ngstar
ti
ng
condi
ti
onandi t
sspeedbel
ow2t o5%oft hesy
nchronousspeed.

 Whentheexcit
ati
on(orDCsuppl
y)tothef
iel
dwindi
ngisappl
ied,
t
hemot orpul
li
ntosynchr
oni
sm r
esul
ti
ngst
atorandr
otormagneti
c
f
iel
drotat
esatsamespeed.

 Theamountoftor
querequi
resforsynchr
onousmot
ort
opul
li
nto
synchr
oni
sm i
scall
edaspulli
ntorque.

4.Pul
loutt
orque

I
tismaximum t
orquewhicht
hesy
nchr
onousmot
orcandev
elop
wi
thoutpul
l
ingoutofst
ep.

 Whenthesynchr
onousmotorisl
oaded,
ther
otorf
all
sbackbysome
angl
eaiscall
edasloadangl
e.

 Thest
atorandr
otormagnet
icr
otat
esatsy
nchr
onousspeedi
nspi
te

9
 ofsomel
oadi
sappl
i
edont
her
otor
.

 Thesy
nchronousmotordev
elopedmaxi
mum t
orquewhent
her
otor
0
fal
l
sbackbyangle90.

 Whentheloadincreasesbeyonditsmaxi
mum rat
ing,
ther
otorst
eps
outofsy
nchronism andsynchronousmotorst
op.

7)VCur
veofaSy
nchr
onousMot
or

• Vcur veisaplotofthestat
orcurrentversusfi
eldcur
rentf
ordiff
erent
constantloads.TheGraphplot
tedbet weenthearmaturecurr
ent
Iaandfiel
dcur r
entI
fatnoloadthecur veisobtai
nedknownasV
Curve.Sincetheshapeofthesecur v
esissimilart
othelett
er“V”,
thus
theyarecalledVcurveofsynchronousmot or.

PROCEDURE:

1.Connect
ionsar
emadeaspert
heci
rcui
tdi
agr
am.ELECTRI
CALMACHI
NES-
IILABORATORY
30

10
2.Openi
ngtheSPSTswit
chconnect
edacr
ossthefi
eldDCsuppl
yisgi
vent
othef
iel
dandf
iel
d
cur
renti
sadjust
edt
o0.3A(20%ofratedf
iel
dcurr
ent)

3.TheDCsuppl
ytot
hef
iel
disr
emov
edandSPSTswi
tchi
sconnect
edacr
osst
hef
iel
dby
cl
osingt
heswit
ch

4.As3-ɸ, 440V,50HzACsupplyi
sappl
iedt
o3-ɸdimmerstat
orkeepi
ngi
tinmi
nimum out
put
posi
ti
on,keepingitpr
iort
othatmot
ori
skeptinnol
oadst
ate.

5.Graduall
ysuppl
yv ol
tagetosynchr
onousmotorisincr
easedandthenmot orstar
tsr
unni
ngas
squi
rrelcagei
nducti
onmot or.Thedi
rect
ionofr
otati
onisobser
ved.ifi
tisnotpropert
hen
supplyphasesequenceisalt
ered.

6.Obser
vingI
a,t
hev
olt
agei
sgr
adual
l
yincr
eased.I
twi
l
lreachahi
ghv
alueandsuddenl
yfal
l
sto
alowval
ue.

7.Atthatinst
ant,
openSPSTswit
chconnectedacrossthef
iel
d.TheDCsuppl
yisthengivent
o
thefi
eld.Thenthemotori
spul
l
edint
osy nchroni
sm andmotornowworksasasynchronous
motor.

8.Graduall
ythesupplyvolt
agetostat
orisincr
easedbyobser
vingthearmatur
ecurrent
.IfI
a,
i
ncreasesabov etherat
edv al
uethenincr
easeIfsucht
hatI
awillbewithi
nli
mitsandthusful
l
rat
edsupplyv ol
tageisgradual
lygi
ventothemot or
.Nowmotorwillworkassynchr
onousmot or
wit
hf ul
lrat
edv olt
age.

9.Byv
ary
ingI
finst
eps,
armat
urecur
rent
sar
erecor
dedatno-
load.

10.Byappl
yinghal
fofful
ll
oadonmot or
,IfandI
aar
erecor
dedagai
n.Thesameexper
imenti
s
repeat
edat3/4t
hload,
fulll
oadandcorr
espondi
ngr
eadi
ngsarer
ecorded.

11.Completel
yremovi
ngthel
oadonmot
or,
the3-ɸsuppl
ytost
atorandt
hent
heDCsuppl
yto
thefi
eldar
eswi t
chedOFF

11
 I
nver
tedvcur
ve

•I
nver
tedvcur
vepl
otoff
iel
dcur
rentv
spowerf
act
or

8)St
art
ingmet
hodofsy
nchr
onousmot
or

Ther
ear
e3Techni
quest
ost
artaSy
nchr
onousMot
or

1.Damperwi
ndi
ng

2.Ext
ernal
l
ycoupl
edPonyMot
or

3.DCmot
or

DAMPERWI
NDI
NGMETHOD

• Damperwi
ndi
ngi
sasetofcopperbar
sont
her
otori
naddi
ti
ont
oit
s
rot
orwi
ndi
ng

12
• 3phaseACv ol
tagewhenprov i
dedtot
hestat
orwindi
ngs,produces
r
.m.f
,whentherm.f.i
nter
actswitht
hecopperbar
soft hedamper
wi
ndingsandproduceastart
ingeff
ectsi
mil
artoaninducti
onmot or
whentherot
orbarisnotexci
ted.

• Aft
erthemotoratt
ainssub-
synchronousspeed(
no-
loadspeed)
,the
rot
orwindi
ngisexci
tedbyDCv olt
age.

• Nowt herot
orpolesform el
ectr
omagnetswhichgetl
ockedwit
hthe
st
atorpol
esinther.
m. fandthensy
nchronousmotorrot
ateswi
th
sy
nchronousspeed.

PonyMot
orORI
CEngi
ne
Sy
nchronous
motor

13
 3phasepony
motor

Coupl
i
ng

• APonymot
ori
sanext
ernal
ACMot
orcoupl
edt
othesy
nchr
onous
mot
or.

• 3PhaseACissuppl
iedt
osy nchr
onousmotor.Ponymotorisnow
madetorunhencet
herotorofsynchr
onousmotorrot
ates.

• Nowast hespeedofrot
orisl
esserthansynchronousmot or
,rot
or
pol
esareexci
tedwithDCpowerandNowt herotorpolesf
orm
el
ectr
omagnetswhichgetl
ockedwiththestatorpolesint
her.m.f
andthensy
nchronousmotorrot
ateswithsynchronousspeed.

•ICenginecanbeusedinsteadofaponymotor
.Oncethe
synchr
onousmotorstart
sr unni
ngatsy
nchr
onousspeed,pony
motor/ICengi
neisdecoupled.

DCMOTORmet
hod

• Manyati
mes,alargesynchronousmotorareprovidedwit
hacoupl
ed
d.
c.machi
ne.Thi
smachi neisusedasad. c.motortorot
atet
he
sy
nchr
onousmot oratasynchronousspeed.

• Thentheexci
tati
ontother
otori
sprovi
ded.Oncemotorst
art
s
runni
ngasasy nchr
onousmotor
,thesamed.c.machi
neactsasad.
c.

14
 gener
atorcal
l
edexci
ter
.

• Thefi
eldoft
hesy
nchr
onousmot
ori
sthenexci
tedbyt
hisexci
ter
i
tsel
f

9)Oper
ati
onofsy
nchr
onousmot
oratconst
antl
oadv
ari
abl
eexci
tat
ion

• Whenloadchanges,
forconst
antexci
tat
ion,
cur
rentdr
awni
nthe
motorincr
eases

• Butexci
tat
ionchanged,
keepi
ngl
oadconst
ant,
thesy
nchronous
motorreactbychangi
ngit
spowerf
actoroft
heoperat
ion

• Consi
derasy
nchr
onousmot
oroper
ati
ngatacer
tai
nloadt
hel
oad
angl
eisal
pha

1.
NORMALEXCI
TATI
ON

Wher
eexci
tat
ioni
sadj
ust
edt
oget

Eb=V

Inducedemfequal
toappl
i
edv
olt
agesuchanexci
tat
ioncal
l
ednor
mal
excit
ati
on

Motordrawnacur
rentI
afr
om suppl
yandpoweri
nputt
othemot
ori
s
sayPin

Powerf
act
oroft
hemot
ori
slaggi
ngnat
ure

2.
underexci
tat
ion

• Whent
heexci
tat
ionadj
ust
edi
nsuchawayt
hatt
hemagni
tudeof

15
 i
nducedEMFl
esst
hanappl
i
edv
olt
ageV(
Eb<V)

• Duetothi
s,ERincr
easesi
nmagnit
udethi
smeansconst
ant
Zs,
cur
rentdrawnbythemotori
ncr
eases

• ButERphaseshi
fti
nsuchawayt
hat,
I
aal
ososhi
ft
s(asO)t
okeepI
a
cosOcomponentconst
ant

3.
Overexci
tat
ion

• Whentheexci
tat
ionisadjust
edinsuchawaythatthemagnit
udeof
i
nducedEMFishigerthantheappl
iedvol
tage(
Eb>V)iscal
l
edover
exci
tat
ion

• Duetoincr
easedmagnitudeofEb,
ERal
soi
ncr
easei
tsmagni
tudebut
thephaseERalsochanges

• Nowt
heØi
sconst
ant,
henceI
aal
sochangesi
tsphase

• TheI
aincr
easest
okeepI
acosØconst
ant

• ThephaseERi
schangessoI
abecomel
eadi
ngwi
thr
espectt
oVph

• Sopowerf
act
oroft
heci
rcui
tbecomel
eadi
ng

• Soov
erexci
tedsy
nchr
onousmot
orwor
ksonl
eadi
ngpowerf
act
or

4.
Cri
ti
cal
exci
tat
ion

• Whent
heexci
tat
ioni
schangedt
hepowerf
act
orchanges

• Theexci
tat
ionforwhichthepowerf
act
oroft
hemot
ori
suni
ty(
p.f
=1)
i
scall
edcri
tical
exci
tati
on

• ThenI
aisi
nphasewi
thV

• NowIacosØ mustbeconst
ant,
cosØ=1isati
tsmaximum hence
motorhast
odrawmini
mum curr
entf
rom t
hesuppl
yforuni
typower
f
act
orcondit
ion

16
10)
Powerf
lowi
nsy
nchr
onousmot
or

17
11)
Dif
fer
enceBet
weenI
nduct
ionMot
orAndSy
nchr
onousMot
or

18
 12)Sy
nchr
onousCondenserOrSy
nchr
onousCapaci
tor

• Whensy
nchr
onousmot
ori
sov
erex
cit
edi
ttakel
eadi
ngpfcur
rent

•I
fthemot ori
sonnol oad,
wheret
heloadanglei
sverysmal
landiti
s
overexci
ted(Eb>V)t
henthepowerangl
eincr
easesal
mostupto90
degree

• Andmot
orr
unswi
thal
mostzer
oleadi
ngpowerf
act
orcondi
ti
on

• Thischar
acter
ist
icsi
ssimil
art
oanormal
capaci
torwhi
chal
way
s
takesl
eadingpowerfact
orcur
rent

• Henceoverexci
tedsynchronousmotoroperat
ingonnoload
condi
ti
oniscall
edsynchronouscondenserorsynchr
onouscapaci
tor

19
13)Powerdev
elopedi
nsy
nchr
onousmot
or

20
14)Whatar
ethemer
it
sanddemer
it
sofsy
nchr
onousmot
or

Adv
ant
ageorMer
it
s:

 Oneoft
hemaj
oradv
ant
ageofusi
ngsy
nchr
onousmot
ori
stheabi
l
ityt
ocont
rolt
he
powerf
actor
.Anoverexci
tedsy
nchr
onousmotorcanhavel
eadi
ngpowerfactorandcan
beoper
atedinpar
all
elt
oinduct
ionmot
orsandotherl
aggi
ngpowerfact
orloadsther
eby

21
 i
mpr
ovi
ngt
hesy
stem powerf
act
or.
 I
n sy
nchr
onousmot
ort
he speed r
emai
nsconst
anti
rr
espect
ive oft
he l
oads.Thi
s
character
ist
icshelpsinindust ri
aldri
veswher econstantspeedisrequi
redir
respecti
veof
theloaditisdri
vi
ng.I talsousef ulwhent hemot ori
srequir
edtodr i
veanotheralt
ernator
tosupplyatadifferentfrequencyasi nfrequencychanges
 Synchronousmot orscanbeconst r
uctedwi thwiderairgapst haninducti
onmot ors
whichmakest hesemot orsmechani call
ymor est
able
 Insynchronousmot orsel ectr
o-magnet i
cpowerv ari
esli
nearl
ywiththevolt
age
 Synchronousmot orsusual lyoperatewithhighereff
ici
enci
es(mor ethan90%)especi al
ly
i
nlowspeedanduni t
ypowerf actorappli
cationscomparedtoinducti
onmot or
s

Di
sadv
ant
agesorDemer
it
s:

 Sy
nchr
onousmot
orsr
equi
resdcexci
tat
ion whi
ch mustbe suppl
i
ed f
rom ext
ernal
sour
ces
 Sy
nchr
onous mot
ors ar
einher
ent
ly not sel
f st
art
ing mot
ors and needs some
ar
rangementf
ori
tsst
art
ingandsy
nchr
oni
zi
ng
 ThecostperkW outputi
sgener
all
yhighert
hanthatofi
nducti
onmot
ors
 Thesemotorscannotbeusedforvar
iabl
espeedappli
cat
ionsast
her
eisnopossi
bil
i
tyof
speedadj ustmentunlesst hei
ncomingsupplyfrequencyi sadjusted(Vari
ableFrequency
Driv
es)
 Synchronousmot orscannotbest art
edonl oad.It
sst ar
tingtorqueiszero
 Thesemot orshavetendencyt ohunt
 When l oading on t he sy nchr
onous mot or increases bey ond i t
s capabili
ty,the
synchronism betweenr otorandstat
orrotati
ngmagnet icfi
eldisl ostandmot orcomes
tohalt
 Coll
ectorr i
ngsandbr ushesarerequi
redresult
inginincreaseinmai nt
enance
 Synchronousmot orscannotbeusef ulf
orappl i
cati
onsr equi
ringfrequentstart
ingorhigh
star
tingtorquesrequired

15)Doubl
erev
olv
ingt
heor
y(whysi
ngl
ephasei
nduct
ionmot
ori
snotsel
f
star
ti
ng)

• Accordi
ngtothistheory,
anyal
ter
nati
ngquant
it
ycanberesolv
edi
nto
twor ot
ati
ngcomponent swhi
chr ot
atei
nopposit
edirecti
onsand
eachhav i
ngmagni tudeashal
foft hemaximum magni
tudeofthe
alt
ernat
ingquanti
ty.

22
• Maximum magnit
udeofΦm.
• consi
derthe two component
s ofthe stat
orf l
ux,each hav
ing
magnit
udehal
fofmaximum magni
tudeofst
atorf
lux

i
.e.(
Φm/
2)

• Bot ht hesecomponent sar er otat i

ngi nopposi t
edi rect i
onsatt he
synchr onousspeedNswhi chi sdependentonf requencyandst ator
poles.
• Φfi sf or
war dcomponentr otat i
ngi nant iclockwisedi r
ect i
on
• Φb ist hebackwar dcomponentr ot ati
ngi nclockwisedi rection
• tst artbot ht hecomponent sar eshownopposi t
et oeachot herint he
Fig.1(a)
•t her esultantΦR=0
o
• After90 ,asshowni nt heFi g.1( b),thet wocomponent sar er ot
at ed
i
nsuchawayt hatbot har epoi ntingi nthesamedi r
ecti
on.
• Hencet her esultantΦRi stheal gebr aicsum oft hemagni tudesoft he
twocomponent s.SoΦR=( Φ1m/ 2)+( Φ1m/ 2)=Φ1m.Thi si snot hingbut
o
thei nstant aneousv alueoft hest atorf luxatθ=90 asshowni nt he
Fig1( c).Thuscont inuousr ot ationoft het wocomponent sgi vest he
originalalter nati
ngst at orfl
ux.
•f orwar dcomponentΦft oproduceat orquei nanticl
ockwi sedirection
• backwar d componentΦbt o pr oduce a t orque int he cl ockwi se
direction
• Eacht orquet r
iestor otat ether otori nitsowndi recti
on.
• Thusnett orqueexper iencedbyt her otori szeroatst art.
• Andhencet hesi ngl
ephasei nduct ionmot orsarenotsel fstarti
ng.

23
16)
classi
fi
cat
ionofsi
ngl
ephasei
nduct
ionmot
or

17)Char
act
eri
sti
csofSy
nchr
onousMot
or:
 Char
act
eri
sti
csofSy
nchr
onousMot
orar
econst
antspeedmot
ors.
 Thespeedofthemotorisdeci
dedbyt henumberofpol esandfrequency
.
Comparedtoaninduct
ionmotor,i
tisverysensit
ivetosuddenchangesof
l
oad.Thiscausesahunti
ngoftherotorandfinal
lyleadst
ostabi
lit
y
probl
ems.
I
thasnostart
ingt
orqueandr
equi
resst
art
ingequi
pmentt
obr
ingi
ttoi
ts
r
atedspeed.
 Wheni
tisr
unni
ngati
tsr
atedspeedt
hef
iel
disexci
ted.
 Thedamperwi
ndingsonthefi
eldpol
eshel
pindampi
ngt
hehunt
ingand
prov
idi
ngt
hestar
tingt
orque.
 Themot orcanbeoperatedatdif
fer
entpowerfactorsbychangingthe
exci
tat
ion.Over
exci
tedsy nchr
onousmotorsoperateatleadi
ngpower
fact
orswhereasunderexcit
edonesoperat
eatlaggingpowerf act
ors.
 Theyarereasonabl
yefficient
.Thei
reff
ici
encyandabi
l
ityt
ocorr
ectt
he
powerfactorbyvar
yingt heexci
tat
ionmakesynchr
onousmotor
satt
ract
ive
i
nlargepowerappli
cations.
 Theyar
epr
efer
redasconst
antspeeddr
ivesi
nthei
ndust
ry.

24
  Var
iat
ionoft
hear
matur
ecurr
entoft
hemot orwheni
tsexci
tat
ioni
svar
ied
i
sdescri
bedbyV-
cur
veswhenthemotordevel
opsagi
venpower.
 Thev
ari
ati
onofexci
tat
ionbr
ingsaboutt
hef
oll
owi
ng:
1.changeinarmat
urecurrent
2.changeinli
nepowerfactor
3.sl
ightchangei
ntheloadangle.

25