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Chapter 9

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9 views15 pages

Chapter 9

Uploaded by

micheal amash
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 9 1

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461)


Introduction
History
HMI Design
HMI Standards
HMI Programing

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 2


 HMI is the user interface, in the industrial design field of human–machine interaction,
where interactions between humans and machines occur.
 The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine
from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that
aids the operators' decision making process. Other term for HMI is man–machine
interface (MMI)

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 3


 Why to use Human Machine Interface (HMI) systems?

Problems of fitting machines and their uses for humans.


 Human characteristics: To understand how humans communicate, and
people’s physical and psychological requirements.
 Human-machine fit and adaptation
 Improve the fit between the designed object and its use
 how systems are selected and adopted; how users create routine systems; how
systems adapt to the user (customization); how users adapt to the system
(training, ease of learning); user guidance (help, documentation, error-handling)

 HMI system and interface architecture must have:


 Input and output devices
 Dialogue techniques
 Machine Graphics

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 4


 A human-machine interface uses two information flows in two directions:
 Machine –> Human

 Human –> Machine

 Role of the operator


 Perform regular process run tasks

 Stop and start the process.


 Operate the controls and make the adjustments required for regular process run and monitor its progress.

 Deal with unexpected events

 Detect abnormal situations and undertake corrective action before the situation disturbs the process further (e.g. for early warning of motor overload,…)
 Deal with system failure by stopping production or implementing downgraded operation using manual controls instead of automatic ones to keep production running.
 Ensure safety of people and property by operating safety devices if necessary.

 The scope of these tasks shows how important the operator’s role is.

 Depending on the information he has, he may have to take decisions and perform actions that fall outside the framework of the regular
procedures and directly influence the safety and availability of the installation.

 This means the dialogue system should not be confined to mere exchange of information between human and machine but should be designed
to facilitate the task of the operator and ensure that the safety of the system in all circumstances.

 The quality of the operating interface design and using the standards can be measured by the ease with which an operator can detect and
understand an event and how efficiently he can respond.
Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 5
 The design of an operator panel requires much coordination with the
programming of the PLC and the design of the machine being
controlled. Before the computer-designed systems, there were
individual component systems that were hard-wired to the control
devices inside the panel.

 Printers are used for alarms for a process. Each alarm was recorded
at the time of occurrence and printed as a single line of data to be
analyzed by a process engineer or controls engineer.

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 6


Alarm panels were
designed with discrete
panels that lit or blinked
with each alarm.
Buttons were used to
acknowledge each
alarm point

Data was collected with


recording devices. Multiple
points were individually
recorded and studied

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 7


Graphics were developed over 20 years ago and remain common Modern HMI design:
throughout the industry. Indeed, inertia, not cost, is the primary Show Information Instead of Raw Data
obstacle to the improvement of HMIs. Engineers and operators Proper Use of 3d graphics
become familiar to this style of graphic and are resistant to change Proper Use of Colors

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 8


Four areas are primary in the successful design
of a good HMI screen system. They are:
 Situation Awareness
 Relates to the goals and objectives of a specific
job or function.
 Without understanding the user’s goals the
information that is presented has no meaning.
 Using Color Effectively
 Interpreting the data
 HMI Display Organization

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 9


 The API-1165 Recommended Practice and the ISA-101 HMI Standard released in August 2015.

 ISA-101 (officially ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015) was begun in October 2008, very close to the time
that the first edition of The High Performance HMI Handbook was published.

 In June 2014, a “final” draft of ISA-101 was sent out to the overall committee for final comment
and vote.

 The draft was approved by vote but 1,163 comments were returned and had to be resolved.

 In March 2015, the version reflecting those modifications was sent out for a revote, which
passed and the document was released in August 2015.

 It contains basic (and well known) recommendations such as these:


 The HMI should be consistent.

 The information shown should be relevant to the operator.

 Color should not be the only indicator of an important condition.

 Colors chosen should be distinguishable by the operators.

 Auditory warnings should be clear and unambiguous.

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 10


 The most important job of an operator is to detect and successfully respond to an
abnormal situation. The HMI is the means by which the operator accomplishes this task.
Existing HMIs are sadly insufficient for this purpose. They were generally designed in an
era when proper practices were unknown, and the resistance to change has kept those
graphics in commission for two or more decades.

 The principles of High Performance HMI are specifically developed to deal with the needs
of today’s operators and the complex systems they manage. A High Performance HMI is
designed to be the best tool for operator interaction with the process control system.

 The benefits of such an HMI are more than just reducing human error and avoiding
abnormal and unsafe operations. The HMI becomes an effective operational tool for
maximizing production, reliability, efficiency, quality, and profitability.

 Industry is now recognizing the need and benefits of improved HMIs. Dozens of major
companies are in the process of HMI modernization and see it as not only a safety
initiative, but a cost-saving and productivity-enhancing one as well.

 The functionality and effectiveness of our process automation systems can be greatly
enhanced if redesigned in accordance with proper HMI principles. A High Performance
HMI is both practical and achievable.
Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 11
The following is a listing of one of the hardware vendors, LSIS, which provides a complete offering
of hardware operator interface units to complement the software designs.

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Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461)
Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 13
XP-Builder is software that allows you to create and manage projects for
machine control devices. You can use XP-Builder to create projects for the
XGT Panel. XP-Builder includes multiple features that allow you to design
and edit projects conveniently, such as:
 Customizable toolbars and hotkeys
 Customizable tool, project, and editing panes
 Functions to import and export common data
 Tabs for viewing multiple screens easily
 Previews of project screens
 Customizable image and object libraries
 Scripts and advanced functions, such as alarms, logs, schedules, and recipes
 Support for multiple languages

XP-Builder is the starting point for creating human-machine interfaces (HMIs)


for industrial applications. With XP-Builder, you can design user-friendly
interfaces for XGT Panels that allow end users to control machine functions
through configurable controllers, such as programmable logic controllers
(PLCs), inverters, or servos.

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461) 14


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Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Automation and Programmable Logic Controller(0938461)

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