MOTOR ENGINEERING FORMULAS

Legend: E = volts I = amps W = watts PF = power factor Eff = efficiency HP = horsepower

Ohm's Law AC/DC Formulas

E 2 To Find Direct Current AC / 1phase AC 3 phase
IxR
Amps when HP x 746 HP x 746 HP x 746
I2 x R R P
I Horsepower is Known E x Eff E x Eff x PF 1.73 x E x Eff x PF
Three Phase Values
ExI For 208 volts x 1.732, use 360 Amps when kW x 1000 kW x 1000 kW x 1000
P E PxR For 230 volts x 1.732, use 398 Kilowatts is known E E x PF 1.73 x E x PF
E For 240 volts x 1.732, use 416
P I R For 415 volts x 1.732, use 719 Amps when kVA x 1000 kVA x 1000
R I
P E2
For 440 volts x 1.732, use 762 kVA is known E 1.73 x E
For 460 volts x 1.732, use 797
E E P P For 480 volts, x 1.732, use 831 Kilowatts IxE I x E x PF I x E x 1.73 x PF
R I2 1000 1000 1000
Kilovolt-Amps IxE I x E x 1.73
1000 1000
INCHES Horsepower I x E x Eff I x E x Eff x PF I x E x Eff x 1.73 x PF MM
(output) 746 746 746
0 0

AC Efficiency and Power Factor Formulas 10

IEC-Style Contactors and Starters Selection Guide To Find Single Phase Three Phase
Average Amperages for Given Horsepower Motor Ratings Efficiency 746 x HP 746 x HP
E x I x PF E x I x PF x 1.732 20
The table below provides the average full-load currents of squirrel cage Power Factor Input Watts Input Watts
1 motors based on NEC (National Electrical Code) Tables 430-148, 149, VxA E x I x PF x 1.732
and 150. These values are given only as a guide - they may vary 30
depending on the type of motor and manufacturer. Refer to the actual
motor nameplate for full-load current values. Centrifugal Applications
AFFINITY LAWS FANS AND BLOWERS
40
110 to 120 VAC 220 to 240 VAC 440 to 480 VAC
Flow2 RPM2
Single Two Three Single Two Three Single Two Three = CFM x PSF
HP Flow1 RPM1 HP =33000 x Efficiency of Fan 50
2 Phase Phase Phase Phase Phase Phase Phase Phase Phase
1/10 3.0 - - 1.5 - - - - - Pres2 (RPM )2
= (RPM2 2 CFM x PIW
1/8 3.8 - - 1.9 - - - - - Pres1 1) HP =6356 x Efficiency of Fan
1/6 4.4 - - 2.2 - - - - - 60
1/4 5.8 - - 2.9 - - - - - HP2 (RPM )3
= (RPM2 3 CFM x PSI
1/3 7.2 - - 3.6 - - - - - HP1 1) HP = 229 x Efficiency of Fan
1/2
3/4
9.8
13.8
4.0
4.8
4.4
6.4
4.9
6.9
2.0
2.4
2.2
3.2
2.5
3.5
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.6
Where: Where: 70
Pres = Pressure CFM = Cubic feet per minute
1 16.0 6.4 8.4 8.0 3.2 4.2 4.0 1.6 2.1
3 1 1/2 20.0 9.0 12.0 10.0 4.5 6.0 5.0 2.3 3.0
RPM = Revolutions per minute PIW = Inches of water gauge
2 24.0 11.8 13.6 12.0 5.9 6.8 6.0 3.0 3.4 PUMPS
PSF = Pounds per square foot 80
3 34.0 16.6 19.2 17.0 8.3 9.6 8.5 4.2 4.8 PSI = Pounds per square inch
HP = GPM x FT x Specific Gravity
5 56.0 26.4 30.4 28.0 13.2 15.2 14.0 6.6 7.6
3960 x Efficiency of Pump VOLUME OF LIQUID IN A TANK
7 1/2
10
80.0
100.0
38.0
48.0
44.0
56.0
40.0
50.0
19.0
24.0
22.0
28.0
21.0
26.0
9.0
12.0
11.0
14.0 HP = GPM x PSI x Specific Gravity Gallons = 5.875 x D2 x H 90
15 135.0 72.0 84.0 68.0 36.0 42.0 34.0 18.0 21.0 1713 x Efficiency of Pump 1 gallon (US) of water weighs 8.33 lb.
20 - 94.0 108.0 88.0 47.0 54.0 44.0 23.0 27.0 Where: Specific gravity of water = 1.0
25 - 118.0 136.0 110.0 59.0 68.0 55.0 29.0 34.0 FT = Head in feet* Where: 100
4 30 - 138.0 160.0 136.0 69.0 80.0 68.0 35.0 40.0 GPM = Gallons per minute
PSI = Pounds per square inch D = Tank diameter (ft)
40 - 180.0 208.0 176.0 90.0 104.0 88.0 45.0 52.0
50 - 226.0 260.0 216.0 113.0 130.0 108.0 56.0 65.0 *Head in feet = 2.31 x lbs. per sq. in. gravity H = Height of liquid (ft)
60 - - - - 133.0 154.0 - 67.0 77.0 110
75 - - - - 166.0 192.0 - 83.0 96.0
100 - - - - 218.0 248.0 - 109.0 124.0
125 - - - - - 312.0 - 135.0 156.0 120
150 - - - - - 360.0 - 156.0 180.0
5
200
250
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
480.0
602.0
-
-
208.0
-
240.0
302.0 Motor Application Formulas
300 - - - - - - - - 361.0 130
350 - - - - - - - - 414.0 Horsepower = Torque (lb-ft) x RPM Kilowatts = Torque (N-m) x RPM
400 - - - - - - - - 477.0 5252 9550
500 - - - - - - - - 590.0
Torque (lb-ft) = Horsepower x 5252 Torque (N-m) = Kilowatts x 9550 140
RPM RPM
150
6 "Guesstimating" Motor Current Draw*
At 575 volts, a 3-phase motor draws 1 amp per horsepower.
At 460 volts, a 3-phase motor draws 1.27 amps per horsepower. 160
At 230 volts, a 3-phase motor draws 2.5 amps per horsepower.
At 230 volts, a single-phase motor draws 5 amps per horsepower.
At 115 volts, a single phase motor draws 10 amps per horsepower. ©2010 ESR Motor Systems, LLC
*These will vary by motor type and application
ESR Motor Systems provides these formulas for convenient reference;
1 HP = 746 watts they are for use only by expert personnel. In some cases they are
rules of thumb and may not be applicable to code.

ESR Motor Systems, LLC

ESR Motor Systems

648 E White St
Rock Hill, SC 29730
Toll Free: (800) 868-3770
FAX: (803) 324-3259 Motors • Adjustable Speed Drives • Gearboxes