AP Physics 1 for Class of 2023/24 Entry

The 2nd Quiz, 2023-2024 Academic Year

Test Paper Designer Geng Peng

Approved by Sally

Name (pinyin) Class Score / 80

Writing Time: 45 + 45 minutes

Marks Available: 25 * 1.6 + 45 * 0.888

Conditions and restrictions

• Students are permitted to bring into the room for this task: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers,
sharpeners, calculators and rulers.

• Only paper dictionaries are permitted in this exam.

Materials supplied

• Multiple-Choice Question booklet of 12 pages.

• Free-Response Questions booklet and answer booklet of 4 pages.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorized electronic
communication devices into the room for this task
 Name:____________________________________

Answer Sheet for AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based

Practice Exam, Section I

No. Answer No. Answer

1 26
2 27
3 28
4 29
5 30
6 31
7 32
8 33
9 34
10 35
11 36
12 37
13 38
14 39
15 40
16 41
17 42
18 43
19 44
20 45
21 131
22 132
23 133
24 134
25 135
 AP® PHYSICS 1 TABLE OF INFORMATION
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Proton mass, mp 1.67 – 1027 kg Electron charge magnitude, e 1.60 – 10 19 C
Neutron mass, mn 1.67 – 10 27 kg Coulomb’s law constant, k 1 4 pe0 9.0 – 10 9 N  m 2 C2
Universal gravitational
Electron mass, me 9.11 – 10 31 kg 6.67 – 10 11 m 3 kgs2
constant, G
Acceleration due to gravity
Speed of light, c 3.00 – 108 m s at Earth’s surface, g 9.8 m s2

meter, m kelvin, K watt, W degree Celsius, ’C

UNIT kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C
SYMBOLS second, s newton, N volt, V
ampere, A joule, J ohm, W

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

Factor Prefix Symbol       
q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90
12 tera T
10
sinq 0 12 35 2 2 45 3 2 1
10 9 giga G
10 6 mega M cosq 1 3 2 45 2 2 35 12 0
10 3 kilo k tanq 0 3 3 34 1 43 3 ‡
2 centi c
10
10 3 milli m The following conventions are used in this exam.
10 6 micro m I. The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless
otherwise stated.
10 9 nano n II. Assume air resistance is negligible unless otherwise stated.
10 12 pico p III. In all situations, positive work is defined as work done on a system.
IV. The direction of current is conventional current: the direction in which
positive charge would drift.
V. Assume all batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.
 AP® PHYSICS 1 EQUATIONS
MECHANICS ELECTRICITY
Ãx Ãx 0  a x t a = acceleration  q1q2 A = area
A = amplitude FE k 2 F = force
r
1 2 d = distance I = current
x x0  Ãx 0 t  at Dq
2 x E = energy I  = length
Dt
f = frequency P = power
Ãx2 Ãx20  2 a x x  x0 = force
r
F R q = charge
  I = rotational inertia A R = resistance
 Ç F Fnet K = kinetic energy DV r = separation
a I
m m k = spring constant R t = time
  L = angular momentum P I DV V = electric potential
Ff m Fn
 = length Rs Ç Ri r = resistivity
m = mass i
Ã2 1 1
ac P = power
r
p = momentum Rp Ç Ri
  i
p mv r = radius or separation
  T = period
Dp F Dt t = time WAVES
U = potential energy f = frequency
1 2 V = volume l
v
v = speed
K mv
2 v = speed
f
l = wavelength
DE W Fd Fd cos q W = work done on a system
GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY
x = position
DE y = height Rectangle A = area
P a = angular acceleration A bh C = circumference
Dt
m = coefficient of friction V = volume
1 2 Triangle S = surface area
q q0  w0t  at q = angle
2 1 b = base
r = density A bh
2 h = height
w w0  at t = torque  = length
w = angular speed Circle w = width
x A cos 2 p ft
A pr 2 r = radius
  DUg mg Dy
 Ç t t net C 2 pr
a
I I
2p 1 Rectangular solid Right triangle
T
t rA F rF sin q w f V wh c2 a 2  b2
m a
L Iw
Ts 2p Cylinder sin q
k c
DL t Dt V pr 2
b
 S 2 pr   2 pr 2 cos q
Tp 2p c
1 2 g
K Iw a
2 Sphere tan q
  m1m2 b
 Fg G 4 3
Fs kx
r2 V pr c
3 a
 90°
Us
1 2
kx  Fg S 4pr 2 q
2 g b
m
m Gm1m2
r UG 
V r
Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g = 10 m/s2 in all problems.

Direction: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested
answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.

1. A 5 kg object is released from rest near 3. A ladder at rest is leaning against (斜靠在)
the surface of a planet such that its gravi- a wall at an angle. Which of the following
tational field is considered to be constant. forces must have the same magnitude as the
The mass of the planet is unknown. After frictional force exerted on the ladder by the
2 s, the object has fallen 30 m. Air resis- floor?
tance is considered to be negligible. What
is the gravitational force exerted on the 5 kg (A) The force of gravity on the ladder
object near the planet’s surface? (B) The normal force exerted on the ladder
by the floor
(A) 5 N
(C) The frictional force exerted on the lad-
(B) 15 N
der by the wall
(C) 37.5 N
(D) The normal force exerted on the ladder
(D) 75 N by the wall

4. A 1500 kg car traveling along a road is hit

by a 0.1 kg rock that creates a small crack in
the car’s windshield. Which of the following
describes the interaction between the wind-
shield and the rock?

2. A block slides with constant velocity down a (A) The car exerts a force on the rock, but
rough inclined plane that makes an angle of the rock does not exert a force on the
θ with the horizontal. It experiences three car.
forces: gravitational (Fg ), normal (FN ),
(B) The rock exerts a force on the car, but
and frictional (Ff ). Which of the following
the car does not exert a force on the
gives the magnitude of the net force on the
rock.
block?
(C) The car exerts a force on the rock, and
(A) Zero the rock exerts a force on the car. The
(B) Ff + FN − Fg two forces are not equal in magnitude.

(C) Fg cos θ − Ff (D) The car exerts a force on the rock, and
the rock exerts a force on the car. The
(D) Fg sin θ + FN cos θ − Ff two forces are equal in magnitude.

4
 7. Which of the following experiments could
5. In an experiment two carts collided head-
be used to determine the inertial mass of a
on on a frictionless one dimensional track.
block?
Cart 1 has a mass of 1 kg, and cart 2 has
a mass of 0.5 kg. The cart 2 pushes on the (A) Place the block on a rough horizontal
cart 1 with an average force of 30 N. The surface. Lift one end of the surface
magnitude of the acceleration of the cart 2 up and measure the angle the surface
is makes with the horizontal at the mo-
ment the block begins to slide.
(A) Zero
(B) Drop the block from different heights
(B) 15 m/s2 and measure the time of fall from each
(C) 30 m/s2 height.

(D) 60 m/s2 (C) Place the block on a rough horizontal

surface. Give the block an initial veloc-
ity and then let it come to rest. Measure
the initial velocity and the distance the
block moves in coming to rest.

(D) Use a spring scale to exert a force on

the block. Measure the acceleration of
the block and the applied force.

6. The amusement park ride shown above

takes riders straight up a tall tower and 8. A student pulls a block over a rough surface
then releases an apparatus holding seats. with a constant force FP that is at an an-
This apparatus free-falls back to Earth and gle θ above the horizontal, as shown above.
is stopped safely right above the ground. If FP remains constant but the angle θ is
In the stopping process the seat provides a increased, which of the following is true at
holding force 750 N on the rider, who has a some later time?
mass of 50 kg. The acceleration of the rider
just before stopping is most nearly (A) The force of friction between the block
and surface will increase.
(A) Zero
(B) The force of friction between the block
(B) 5 m/s2
and surface will decrease.
(C) 15 m/s2
(C) The weight of the block will increase.
(D) 25 m/s2
(D) The weight of the block will decrease.

5
 9. An object of mass m is attached to a spring 11. In the setup shown in the figure, two blocks
on a frictionless inclined plane that makes of equal mass M are at rest but are just
an angle θ with the horizontal, as shown about to slip. Also shown is a free-body
above. As the object reaches equilibrium, its diagram for the block on top of the table.
displacement from the unstretched position In this setup, the coefficient of static fric-
is x0 . What is the spring constant of the tion between the table and the block resting
spring? upon it must be
mg
(A) x0 cos θ (A) 0

(B) mg tan θ (B) between 0 and 0.5

x0

mg cos θ (C) between 0.5 and 1.0

(C) x0

mg sin θ (D) at least 1.0

(D) x0

10. Three blocks are connected by strings and

pulled to the left by a force with magnitude
12. Given the three masses as shown in the dia-
F , as shown in the figure above. All fric-
gram above, if the coefficient of kinetic fric-
tional forces are negligible. The tension in
tion between the large mass (m2 ) and the
the left and right strings have magnitudes
table is µ, what would be the upward accel-
T1 and T2 , respectively. Which of the fol-
eration of the small mass (m3 )? The mass
lowing is a correct equation of motion for
and friction of the cords and pulleys are
the block of mass m2 ?
small enough to produce a negligible effect
(A) TA + TB = m2 a on the system.

(B) TA − TB = m2 a (A) g(m1 + m2 µ)/(m1 + m2 + m3 )

(C) TA + F − TB = m2 a (B) gµ(m1 + m2 + m3 )/(m1 − m2 − m3 )

(D) TA = m2 a (C) gµ(m1 − m2 − m3 )/(m1 + m2 + m3 )

(D) g(m1 − m2 µ − m3 )/(m1 + m2 + m3 )

6
[Question 13-14]

Block A is placed on a rough surface inclined at an angle θ above the horizontal. A taut string
connects block A over a pulley to block B, which hangs from the string, as shown below. The masses
of blocks A and B are MA and MB , respectively. At time t = 0, block A is sliding up the slope as block
B falls, and the blocks are both slowing down. Assume that the mass and friction of the pulley are
negligible.

13. If the mass of block B is 2 kg, the grav- 14. The two blocks eventually stop and reverse
itational force exerted on block B is most direction. Which of the following graphs
nearly which of the following? best predicts the acceleration of block A as
it moves up and down the rough, inclined
(A) 0.2 N surface? Assume that the positive direction
points down the slope.
(B) 2 N

(C) 20 N

(D) It is impossible to determine without

knowing the mass of block A

7
15. Block A of mass 4m is attached by a light 17. An experiment is conducted such that an
string to block B of mass 2m. The string applied force is exerted on an object as it
passes over a pulley with negligible friction travels across a horizontal surface with a
and of negligible mass. Block A is held a constant speed. A graph of the applied force
distance h above the ground, as shown. The exerted on the object as a function of the
blocks are released from rest, and block A object’s distance traveled is shown. Which
reaches the ground two seconds later. The of the following claims is correct regarding
value of h is most nearly the work done on the object by the applied
force from one data point to the next data
(A) 13.3 m point?
(B) 6.7 m (A) The work done remains nearly con-
(C) 3.3 m stant for all displacements.

(D) 2 m (B) The work done increases for all dis-

placements.

(C) The work done decreases for all dis-

placements.

(D) The work done is zero for all displace-

ments because the speed of the object
remains constant.

16. A cart is traveling in the positive direc-

tion with speed on a horizontal, frictionless
track when it reaches position x = 0. The
graph above shows the horizontal acceler-
ation of the cart as a function of position
between x = 0 and x = 1 m. The cart’s
speed at is x = 1 m is vf .
How does vf compare to v0 ?

(A) vf > v0

(B) vf = v0

(C) vf < v0

(D) The relationship cannot be determined

without knowing the numerical value
of v0 .

8
18. A block of mass M on an inclined surface is at- 20. A 5 kg block moves with a constant speed
tached to a spring of negligible mass, as shown. of 10 m/s to the right on a smooth sur-
The other end of the spring is attached to a face where frictional forces are considered
wall, and there is negligible friction between to be negligible. It passes through a 2 m
the block and the incline. The block is pulled rough section of the surface where friction
to a position such that the spring is stretched is not negligible, and the coefficient of ki-
from its equilibrium position. The block is then netic friction between the block and the
released from rest. Which of the following sys- rough section µk is 0.2. What is the change
tems can be classified as a closed system? in the kinetic energy of the block as it passes
through the rough section?
(A) A system consisting of the block only
(A) 20 J of energy is removed from the
(B) A system consisting of the spring and Earth block.
(C) A system consisting of the block and spring (B) 250 J of energy is removed from the
(D) A system consisting of the block, spring, block.
and Earth (C) 20 J of energy is added from the block.

(D) 250 J of energy is added from the

block.

19. A rock of mass M is thrown from the edge of

a cliff of height h with an initial velocity v0 at
an angle θ with the horizontal, as shown in the
figure. Point P is the highest point in the rock’s
trajectory, and point Q is level with the initial
position of the rock. All frictional forces are
considered to be negligible. Which of the fol-
lowing could correctly describe the total energy
of the rock-Earth system at points P and Q?
Point P Point Q
1 2
A 0 2 M v0
B M gh M gh + 12 M v02
C M gh + 12 M v02 M gh + 12 M v02
D 0 M gh + 12 M v02

9
[Question 21-23]

A student must determine the effect of friction on the mechanical energy of a small block as it slides
up a ramp. The block is launched with an initial speed v0 from point A along a horizontal surface of
negligible friction. It then slides up a ramp, where friction is not negligible, that is inclined at angle
θ with respect to the horizontal, as shown in the figure. The student measures the maximum vertical
height h attained by the block while on the ramp, labeled as point B in the figure. At point B, the
block comes to rest. The student performs three trials with the ramp at different angles, launching
the block at the same initial speed v0 for each trial. The results from the trials are displayed in the
table.

21. How should the student use the data col-

lected and the known quantities from the
experiment to determine the initial total
mechanical energy of the block-ramp-Earth
system for all trials in the experiment?

(A) Use ∆E = W = F∥ d for all trials be-

cause the block traveled a different dis-
tance up the ramp in each trial.

(B) Use ∆Ug = mg∆y for all trials because

the block reaches a different height
above the ground in each trial.

(C) Use Wf = Uf for one trial because the

same amount of work was done by the
force of friction in each trial.

(D) Use K = 12 mv 2 with the block’s initial

speed for one trial because the initial
speed is the same in all trials.

10
22. Consider the trial with the 45◦ ramp. Sup- 23. Consider the trial in which the ramp is at
pose the block is launched up the ramp such a 20◦ angle with the horizontal. The sur-
that it comes to rest at point B and then face of the ramp has been replaced with a
travels down the ramp. Which of the fol- surface in which frictional forces are con-
lowing best describes the block’s kinetic en- sidered to be negligible. If the mass of
ergy KA when it again reaches point A at the block is doubled and the initial launch
the bottom of the ramp in comparison to the speed is doubled, how could the student
initial kinetic energy K0 before it travels up predict the new vertical of the block at point
the ramp? B?

(A) KA > K0 , because the object will have (A) Use Wgravity = ∆K = 12 m∆v 2 , because
a higher speed at the bottom of the the work done by gravity is equal to the
ramp after sliding down the ramp than change in kinetic energy of the block
its original launch speed. from the bottom of the ramp to point
B.
(B) KA < K0 , because the force of friction
removes mechanical energy from the (B) Use 12 mvinitial
2 = mgyfinal to solve for y.
block-ramp-Earth system on its way up
the ramp and back down the ramp. (C) The height will still be 3.2 cm because
the angle of the ramp is constant and
(C) KA = K0 , because the law of the con- the increase in the block’s speed is off-
servation of energy states that mechan- set by the increase in the block’s mass.
ical energy must be conserved for a
closed system. (D) The height cannot be predicted with-
out knowing the mass of the block.
(D) It is impossible to predict how the ki-
netic energy of the block at point A will
compare to the original kinetic energy
without knowing the magnitude of the
force of friction that is exerted on the
block as it travels up and back down
the ramp.

11
Direction: For each of the questions or incomplete statements below, two of the suggested answers
will be correct. For each of these questions, you must select both correct choices to earn credit. No
partial credit will be earned if only one correct choice is selected. Select the two that are best in each
case and then fill in the corresponding boxes that begin with number 131 on page 2.

131. A block slides down an inclined plane in a 132. A cart of mass M travels from point A at
classroom. Which of the following pieces height h1 above the ground to point B on
of information are needed to determine a track that is at a height h2 , as shown in
whether the velocity of the block will be the figure. The speed of the cart at point A
constant? Select two answers. is nearly zero, and the frictional forces be-
tween the wheels, cart, and track are con-
(A) The mass of the block sidered to be negligible. Which of the fol-
lowing graphs could represent the potential
(B) The angle of the inclined plane
energy of the cart-Earth system at point A
(C) The acceleration due to gravity in the and point B? Select two answers.
classroom

(D) The coefficient of kinetic friction due to

the block and the inclined plane

(注意选项顺序）

12
-

END OF SECTION I
 PHYSICS 1
Section II
2 Questions
Time – 45 minutes

Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g = 10 m/s2 in all problems.

Direction: Answer all two questions. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show
all your work in this booklet in the spaces provided after each part.

1. (21 points, suggested time 20 minutes)

This problem explores how the relative masses of two blocks affect the acceleration of the
blocks. Block A, of mass mA , rests on a horizontal tabletop. There is negligible friction between
block A and the tabletop. Block B, of mass mB , hangs from a light string that runs over a
pulley and attaches to block A, as shown above. The pulley has negligible mass and spins with
negligible friction about its axle. The blocks are released from rest.

(a) [7]
i. Suppose the mass of block A is much greater than the mass of block B. Estimate the
magnitude of the acceleration of the blocks after release.

.....................................................................................
Briefly explain your reasoning without deriving or using equations.

.....................................................................................

.....................................................................................

ii. Now suppose the mass of block A is much less than the mass of block B. Estimate the
magnitude of the acceleration of the blocks after release.

.....................................................................................
Briefly explain your reasoning without deriving or using equations.

.....................................................................................

.....................................................................................

14
(b) Now suppose neither block’s mass is much greater than the other, but that they are not
necessarily equal. The dots below represent block A and block B, as indicated by the
labels. On each dot, draw and label the forces (not components) exerted on that block
after release. Represent each force by a distinct arrow starting on, and pointing away
from, the dot. [6]

(c) Derive an equation for the acceleration of the blocks after release in terms of mA , mB , and
physical constants, as appropriate. If you need to draw anything other than what you have
shown in part (b) to assistin your solution, use the space below. Do NOT add anything to
the figure in part (b). [6]

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

(d) Consider the scenario from part (a)(ii), where the mass of block A is much less than the
mass of block B.Does your equation for the acceleration of the blocks from part (c) agree
with your reasoning in part (a)(ii)? [2]

Yes No
Briefly explain your reasoning by addressing why, according to your equation, the acceler-
ation becomes (or approaches) a certain value when mA is much less than mB .

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

15
2. (24 points, suggested time 25 minutes)
A block is initially at rest on top of an inclined ramp that makes an angle θ0 with the horizontal.
The base of the ramp has a length of D. After the block is released from rest, it slides down
the ramp onto a rough horizontal surface until it comes to rest at a position x = 4D from the
base of the ramp, as shown in the figure. There is negligible friction between the block and
the inclined ramp, while the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the rough
horizontal surface is µb .

(a) On the axes below, sketch and label graphs of the following quantities as a function of the
position of the block between x = −D and x = 4D. Calculations for values for the vertical
axis are not necessary, but the same vertical scale should be used for both quantities. [8]

i. The kinetic energy K of the block.

ii. The gravitational potential energy Ug of the block-Earth system.

(b) The block is released from the top of a new ramp that has a base length of 2D, but still
makes an angle θ0 with the horizontal. A student is asked to predict whether the final
horizontal position of the block will be twice as far from the base of the ramp compared to
when it was released from the original ramp. The student reasons that since the block will
be released from a new height that is twice as high as the original height, the block will
have more energy when it reaches the base of the ramp, so it will slide farther along the
right surface before stopping at a position x = 8D. [6]

i. Which aspects of the student’s reasoning, if any, are correct? If no aspect of the stu-
dent’s reasoning is correct, write ”none”.

.....................................................................................

16
 .....................................................................................

.....................................................................................
ii. Which aspects of the student’s reasoning, if any, are incorrect? If no aspect of the
student’s reasoning is incorrect, write ”none”.

.....................................................................................

.....................................................................................

.....................................................................................
(c) Derive an equation for the new final position of the block. Express your answer in terms of
D. [6]

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................
(d) In the following question, refer to the relationships written in part (c), not just the final
answer obtained by manipulating those relationships.
For any correct aspects of the student’s reasoning identified in part (b)(i), how is the stu-
dent’s reasoning expressed by your mathematical relationships in part (c)?
For any incorrect aspects of the student’s reasoning identified in part (b)(ii), how do your
relationships in part (c) correct the student’s incorrect reasoning? [4]

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

.........................................................................................

END OF SECTION II