SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS

CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT

HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

General
Material Casing: CI, Impeller: CI
Acoustic Enclosure Acoustic hood- Galvanized Steel Plate

C.5 Electrical Plant

C.5.1 General
All plant and equipment supplied under this Bid shall be new unless otherwise specified.
Local Authorities and Public Utilities
The Contractor shall carry out all liaisons and produce all information to ensure that the requirements of the Local
Authority, Local Fire Officer, and Electricity Utility are met. All approvals necessary from Statutory Authorities for the
Works shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. The Engineer shall assist wherever possible on request.
Material
All material shall be new and material of a given type shall be of a single manufacturer throughout the work. The
Contractor shall be responsible for the handling, care and safekeeping of all the equipment and materials associated with
the work of this Contract.

Installation
All equipment shall be located and installed so that it is readily accessible for operation and maintenance by personnel
of average height and build and without requiring special tools or equipment.
The Engineer reserves the right to require changes in location of equipment, prior to roughing in, without incurring any
additional costs or charges.
Electrical work shall be performed in co-operation with other trades in order to secure the best arrangement of the work
as a whole.
All work shall be carried out in accordance with best current trade practices and to the satisfaction of the Engineer and
the power supply authority.
Locks
All locks and locking systems shall comply with the site master key requirements if any and shall be approved by the
Engineer. Devices required to be lockable shall be suitable for padlocks having a 6 mm hasp.
Permits
The Contractor shall arrange and pay for all permits, inspections and other costs incidental to providing the electrical
installation.
Underground Services
The Contractor shall note the presence of existing underground services and their approximate location and levels.
Extreme care shall be exercised by the Contractor to ensure that there is no damage or interruption to these services.
This applies particularly to work carried out in the vicinity of existing plant.
Service Conditions
The project area is categorized into tropical climate zone.
In choosing materials and their finishes, due regard shall be given to the service conditions under which the plant shall
be called upon to work. The Contractor shall submit details of his usual practices which have proven satisfactory and
which he/she recommends for application to the parts of the work, which may be affected by project area climatic
conditions. The materials and finishes used shall be approved by the Employer. All equipment and materials used shall
also be rodent and vermin proof.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Environment
Unless otherwise specifically stated in Technical Specifications or Scope of Works, any equipment, component and
assembly shall be designed for continuous operation under the service conditions indicated in Table C-23

Table C-23 Service Conditions for Electrical Equipment / Components

Parameter Max Min

Ambient air temperature

Outdoor +45°C 1°C
Indoor +45°C 1°C
24 hour average maximum +37°C 1°C
Relative humidity 30% - 99%
EMC Class (IEC 61000) Industrial environments
Maximum wind velocity 40 m/s
Rainfall conditions
Average 627-1260 mm/year
Maximum 303 mm in 24 hrs
Pollution (IEC 60815) Heavy :class III
Annual mean isokeraunic level Max 180 thunderstorm days

Wherever ambient temperatures exceed the specified 45°C, the rating of the plant shall be reduced accordingly.
All air cooled equipment shall be cooled with convection (i.e. without fans) provided other cooling methods are not
explicitly allowed for in the specifications.
The equipment shall as far as possible not generate undue vibrations or bothersome noise.
Tropicalization
All equipment must be designed for operations in the severe tropic climate conditions and fully comply with climatic
aging tests as per IEC 60932-class 2.
Where specific service conditions have not been specified, the Contractor shall submit details of his usual practice which
have proven satisfactory and which he recommends for application to the parts of the work, which may be affected by
tropical conditions.
Metals
Iron and Steel are generally to be painted or galvanized as appropriate. Indoor parts may alternatively have chromium or
copper-nickel plates or other approved protective finish. Small iron and steel parts (other than stainless steel) of all
instruments and electrical equipment, the cores of electromagnets and the metal parts of mechanisms shall be treated in
an appropriate manner to prevent rusting.
Screws and Nuts
The use of iron and steels shall be avoided in instruments wherever possible. Steel screws shall be zinc, cadmium or
chromium plated or where plating is not possible owing to tolerance limitations, shall be of corrosion resisting steel.
Instrument screws (except those forming part of a magnetic circuit) shall be of brass or bronze.
Springs
Springs shall be of non-rusting material, egg., phosphor-bronze or nickel silver or similar.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Rubbers
Neoprene and similar synthetic compounds, not subject to deterioration due to the climatic conditions, shall be used for
gaskets, sealing rings, diaphragms, etc.
Tropicalization to be in compliance with:
i) Climate Graph No. 8 of the IEC 60721-2-1,
ii) Test B: Dry Heat IEC 60068-2-2
iii) Test Bd: Damp Heat, Cyclic IEC 60068-2-30.
Location of Equipment
The Contractor is cautioned that space for installing electrical equipment in areas of the plant and buildings will be
governed by the location of other equipment, which will in most cases have precedence over electrical equipment. Prior
to commencing installation, the Contractor shall liaise with other Contractors and the Engineer to co-ordinate the final
location of equipment, fittings, cables and supports to be installed under this Contract, with equipment and services to
be installed by others. Failure to co-ordinate the location of equipment in this way and obtain the Engineer's written
approval may result in the Contractor being required to relocate equipment, fittings, cables and cable supports at his own
expense.
Outdoor Equipment
All outdoor equipment shall have a minimum enclosure rating of IP56 unless a higher rating is specified or shown on
the Drawings.
Cabling and Control System Arrangements
The cabling and controls specified and/or shown on the Contract Drawings are based on available data pertaining to
particular types of equipment and design. If the Contractor offers equipment which requires a different arrangement of
cabling and controls, then acceptance of the Contractor’s equipment does not relieve the Contractor of their responsibility
to provide a complete and operable system including the necessary changes to the cabling and controls at no additional
cost.
Electrical Surge Protection
Electrical surge protection shall be provided for all outdoor signal connections – i.e. external to buildings and outdoor
control cubicle/cabinets. The protection shall be completely compatible with the connected equipment to provide
protection of equipment against surges and transients induced in signal and power lines and antennas by lightning or
electrical switching.
Analogue Protection shall be provided for use on externally connected 4-20 mA DC signals at the loop power supply
voltage with a resistance of less than 40 ohms. It shall be rated to withstand a peak impulse current of at least 10 kA for
an 8/20 micro-second pulse (8 micro-second rise time, 20 micro-second exponential decay time) for line-to-line and line-
to-earth transients and arranged to fail to the short circuit condition.
Electrical surge protection shall be earthed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

Numbering Systems
The Contractor shall number and identify all items of equipment, circuit breakers, fuses, relays, switches, instruments,
control panels, cubicle/cabinets, junction boxes, cables, wires and the like with approved numbering systems and in
accordance with the Employer’s requirements. All such numbers shall be used exclusively on all documentation and
labels.
C.5.2 Power Transformers

General
Power transformers shall:
i) Be in accordance with IEC 60076
ii) Be outdoor, ground mounted and weatherproof
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

iii) Be two winding fully insulated type

iv) Be oil immersed type – ONAN
v) Have off-circuit tapping’s as indicated
vi) The neutral of the secondary windings shall be brought out to a terminal for direct connection to
earthing system
vii) Have fully enclosed air insulated cable boxes for the primary and secondary terminations
viii) Have all external bolts and fasteners of stainless steel
ix) Be fitted with internal current transformers as specified and shown on the Drawings
x) Be manufactured of materials and components that will not contaminate the oil and free from PBC

Transformer Ratings and Data

Sr. No. Item 11kV Distribution 33kV Distribution

1 System Voltage (max.) 12 kV 36 kV

2 Rated Voltage HV 11 kV 33 kV

3 Rated Voltage LV 400 V 400 V

4 Frequency 50Hz +/-5% 50Hz +/-5%

5 Number of Phases 3 3

6 Connection HV Delta Delta

7 Connection LV Star (Neutral brought out) Star (Neutral brought

out)

8 Vector Group Dyn-11 Dyn-11

9 Type of cooling ONAN ONAN

Audible sound levels (Decibel’s) at rated voltage and frequency for liquid immersed distribution transformers
shall be as below (NEMA Standards)
0-50 48
51-100 51
101-300 55
301-500 56
750 57
1000 58
1500 60
2000 61
2500 62

i) Transformers shall be suitable for service with fluctuations in supply voltage upto plus 12.5% to minus
12.5%.
ii) Maximum temperature rise above ambient : 50°C top oil / 55°C winding
iii) Insulation Level :Refer below:
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Sr. No. Voltage (kV) Impulse Voltage Power Frequency

Voltage (kV)
(kV Peak)
1 0.400 - 3
2 11 95 28
3 33 170 70

Transformer Losses
Contractors shall declare guaranteed values for no load loss and load loss of the total losses for each type of transformer
offered. The positive tolerance stipulated in the standards will not be accepted. The declared guarantees must be
achieved. The Employer reserves the right to reject any transformer which does not achieve its declared guaranteed
values during the witness tests at the Manufacturer's works. In the event of transformers yielding losses which are either
equal to or below the guaranteed values, the Contractor will not be entitled to any premium for the reduction in losses
below the guaranteed values.
Fault Withstand
All transformers shall be capable of withstanding on any tapping and without damage the thermal and dynamic effects
of external short circuits. For this purpose the design short circuit level for each system voltage is to be stated in the
Technical Schedules.
Evidence shall be submitted with the Bid as to the extent to which the manufacturer has proved or is able to provide
either by calculation or test the ability of the specified transformers to withstand short circuit.
Cores
Cores shall be built from non-ageing low loss, high grade, cold rolled grain-oriented silicon alloy electrical steel or strip.
The whole core assembly shall be securely and rigidly clamped to ensure that noise and vibrations is maintained in
service at a minimum level consistent with current good practice. All structural steel associated with the core shall be
shot blasted to remove scale and then varnished or provided with an approved surface finish.
Means shall be provided for lifting the core from the tank and the core shall be efficiently bonded to the tank by means
of copper tape or other approved means for oil immersed transformer.
Windings
The windings shall comprise high conductivity copper or aluminium conductors insulated with Class 'A' material or
better.
Both primary and secondary windings shall be of uniform insulation.
Adequate provision shall be made for free circulation of oil round and between the windings so that a low temperature
gradient between conductors and oil is assured and any danger of excessive local heating is eliminated.
Tappings shall be brought out from the outermost layer of coil.
Each completed core winding assembly shall be oven and vacuum dried before impregnation. During the drying process,
coil clamping pressures shall be adjusted to compensate for insulation shrinkage so that no further shrinkage will take
place after assembly. The completed core winding assembly shall be secured to the transformer main tank by means of
a clamping structure.
Transformer Terminals
All terminals shall be brought out through oil tight porcelain bushings to their respective chambers. The arrangement of
the internal connection and bushings shall be such that the transformer tank cover with the core and windings may be
lifted bodily from the tank without disturbing the cable boxes or bushings. In this respect, transformers with corrugated
tanks and bushings mounted on the tank cover will not be accepted.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Transformer Cable Boxes

Cable termination boxes shall be provided for the termination of vertically ascending high voltage and low voltage
cables. The cable boxes shall be fully air insulated and shall be suitable for terminating the cables as shown on the
Drawings.
Cables shall be terminated in metal enclosed boxes complete with all fittings necessary to terminate the cable and cores
and having sufficient space for segregating the cores and maintaining the electrical clearances applicable. To facilitate
easy handling, handles shall be provided on covers of cable boxes. Ventilation by means of breathing hole to avoid
condensation shall be provided, the design of which shall be to the approval of Engineer
The breathing hole shall be provided with a fine stainless steel mesh filter to protect against entry of insects. All cable
boxes shall be supplied with suitable glands and their bottom plate shall be made detachable for ease of termination.
Suitable compression type lugs shall be used for termination of conductors. The cable boxes shall be provided with heat
shrinkable termination kits for HV cables. Use of coverings/boots over lugs is not acceptable. Each kit shall be supplied
complete with tinned copper braids for earthing purposes. Provision shall be made for earthing the cable boxes, cable
glands and cable earthing braids.
The cable boxes shall be suitable for withstanding the high voltage tests applicable to the cables connected therein in
accordance with the relevant standards and including BS 6622 and 5467.
Strong channel iron supports anchored to the transformer plinth, with metal cleats, shall be provided to secure the vertical
power cables in position at the cable boxes. The channel iron shall be treated with anti-corrosive paint and painted the
same colour as the transformer.
Earthing of Transformers
All metal frame work of the transformer, gauges, etc. shall be effectively earthed. Method of earthing and selection of
earthing bar/conductor sizes shall be in accordance with earthing Regulations and Codes.
Two earthing terminals, each capable of carrying the maximum possible earth fault current of the lower voltage without
damage for a duration equal to the short circuit period for which the windings are designed, shall be provided on each
transformer. They shall be located on either side of the transformer, near to the bottom of the tank to facilitate connection
to the sub-station or station earthing system. The bolts and nuts shall be of stainless-steel grade 304 or 316.
Neutral Earthing
The star point of each winding shall be brought out through the tank and suitably terminated in the corresponding winding
cable box.
Off Circuit Tap Changers
Winding taps shall be provided on the primary windings (higher voltage windings).
An externally operated off load/circuit tap changing switch shall be provided and fitted with a positive locking device to
enable the switch to be locked at any desired tapping but not in any intermediate position between adjoining taps. A brass
weatherproof padlock with three keys shall be provided. Tap changing shall be possible by a person in standing position
and a indicator shall be provided to show the position of the tapping connection at which the transformer is operating.
A warning label to instruct the operator to isolate the transformer before operating the switch shall be fitted near the
switch.
On Load Tap Changers
Transformers with rating more than1000kVA shall be provided with on load tap changer.
Transformer Tanks
Each transformer shall be enclosed in a suitably stiffened welded steel tank so that it may be lifted and transported
without permanent deformation or oil leakage.
Top plates shall be weld sealed for ratings up to 800kVA. Ratings greater than 800kVA shall have gasketted removable
top cover plates.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

The tank and bolted top cover shall be designed in such a manner as to leave no external pockets in which water can
lodge, no internal pockets in which oil can remain when draining the tank, or in which air can be trapped when filling
the tank. All external surfaces shall be easily accessible for painting.
Pockets shall be provided for a stem type thermometer and for the bulbs of dial type temperature indicators where
specified. These pockets shall be located in the position of maximum oil temperature and it must be possible to remove
any bulb without lowering the oil level in the tank. Captive screwed caps shall be provided to prevent the ingress of
water to the thermometer pockets when they are not in use.
For cooling purposes, the tanks shall have built on radiators connected to the sides of the main tank through machined
flanges. Alternatively, tanks shall be fitted with cooling tubes which may be either directly welded onto the tank sides or
welded onto separate headers. Tanks and radiators or cooling tubes shall be so designed as to facilitate external painting
at site without the use of special brushes and to prevent any accumulation of moisture. Radiators shall be made detachable
by the provision isolating valves lockable in the open position. Drain and air plugs shall also be provided.
The tanks and radiators (or cooling tubes/fins) shall be pressure tested and capable of withstanding without any oil leak
or excessive permanent deformation, a hydraulic test pressure equal to 15kPa gauge plus normal static head of oil for 24
hours.
Each transformer shall also have a over pressure relief device of the self-resetting type designed to protect the tank from
damage and to control the expulsion of oil under internal fault.
All tanks shall be capable of withstanding full vacuum to enable the evacuation of the nitrogen before oil filling or the
vacuum required by the recommended drying out procedure, whichever is greater.
Lifting lugs shall be provided, suitable for the weight of the transformer, including core, windings, fittings and oil. Each
tank shall be provided with four jacking lugs. The same or additional lugs shall be suitably positioned to enable
transformers to be supported on continuous beams for the purposes of transport.
Tanks shall be provided with skid bases. Detachable under bases shall not be used. The base of each tank shall be so
designed that it is possible to move the complete transformer in any direction without injury when using rollers, plates
or rails. Where the base is of channel iron construction it shall be designed to prevent retention of water.
Tanks shall be provided with suitable hand holes to facilitate access to connections between windings and the bushings.
It shall be possible to remove any bushing without removing the tank cover.
Metalwork finishing shall be of the highest workmanship and in accordance with the current best trade practices. Painting
shall be as specified and shall be suitable for the installed environment for the transformer life. Full details of painting
shall be provided with the Bid.
Valves
Each transformer shall be provided with a filter valve at the top and one at the bottom of the main tank, mounted
diagonally opposite each other, for connection to oil filtering equipment. A drain valve shall also be provided at the
bottom of the tank. This valve shall also be provided with suitable oil sampling device so that oil samples may be taken
with the transformer alive.
The outlet of all filter and drain valves shall have female threads. Blank flange plates shall be fitted to all pipe and valve
ends. Flanges for oil pipework and valves shall comply with relevant local standards and BS 4504 or BS EN 1092:2002.
All valves up to and including 100 mm bore shall be made of gunmetal. Subject to the approval of the Engineer, valves
larger than 100 mm bore may have cast iron bodies with gunmetal fittings.
Every valve shall be fitted with a nameplate permanently inscribed with an approved inscription which will indicate the
purpose of the valve.
Valves other than those specified will not be accepted unless approved in writing by the Engineer, before manufacture.
Joints and Gaskets
All joint faces shall be suitably machined and arranged to prevent the ingress of moisture or leakage of oil by the use of
suitable gaskets. Oil resisting synthetic rubber shall be used as a bonding medium for cork or similar material.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Transformer Fittings and Accessories

All transformers shall be provided with the following:
i) Stainless steel rating and diagram plates.
ii) Lifting lugs for tank, covers and conservator
iii) Haulage Lugs
iv) Four Jacking pads
v) Earthing terminals – two off
vi) Prismatic oil level gauge
Transformers with ratings greater than 2000kVA shall be provided with the following:

• Conservator tank with drain valve, supports and accessories.

• Dehydrating breathers shall be of the silica-gel cartridge type constructed from heat resistant
glass tubing with strong metal shield.

• Radiator valves
• Sampling valves

• Drain valve
• Filter valves

• Auxiliaries (egg. alarm and trip contacts) junction box

• Transformer monitoring and protection devices as specified.

• Current transformers as specified and shown on the Drawings.

• Other fittings and accessories as specified or recommended by the manufacturer.

Transformer Fittings and Accessories
Sealed type transformers shall be fitted with a spring-loaded self-resetting pressure relief device actuated by excess
pressure within the tank. The setting shall be suitable for application with the coolant used and actuate a manually
resettable switch to initiate a remote trip.
Aspirated type transformers shall be fitted with a Bucholz gas and oil actuated relay of approved make. The relay shall
be of the double float pattern with both alarm and trip contacts, an inspection window and terminal box suitable for
conduit entry. Petcocks shall be provided at the top for the release of the gas and at a lower level for testing the operation
of the relay by compressed air.
Over temperature protection shall be provided by a scaled dial indicating thermometer fitted with two adjustable contacts
arranged to initiate alarm and trip circuits.
In addition transformers rated at greater than 2MVA shall be provided with the following:

• Magnetic oil level gauge (with alarm and trip contact) – minimum 150mm diameter dial.
• Oil temperature indicator (with alarm and trip contacts) – minimum 150mm diameter dial fitted
with a manually resettable pointer to indicate the maximum temperature attained.
All necessary indication, tripping relays, alarm relays, etc., associated with this protection and monitoring shall be
supplied and mounted on the respective switchgear.
All tripping relays and alarm relays/indicators shall have manual reset relay contacts and flag indicators or equivalent.
All indicators and gauges shall be so located as to permit easy reading by a person from standing position.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Alarm and trip circuit contacts shall adjustable voltage-free changeover contacts and shall be rated not less than 5 Amp
minimum at 110 volts DC.
Dehydrating Breathers
Dehydrating breathers shall be of the silica-gel cartridge type constructed from heat resistant glass tubing with strong
metal shield. The breather design shall ensure uniform circulation of air through the charge. The whole assembly shall
be constructed to form a robust and durable unit.
Transformer Auxiliary Junction Boxes
Wiring from protection devices, indicators, level switches, current transformers and other auxiliary components shall be
connected to an independent common junction box at a convenient position on each transformer and easily accessible
from the transformer plinth level. Junction box shall be weatherproof and vermin proof – IP55 minimum.
Wiring between gauges and the junction box shall be carried out in silicon rubber or heat resistant PVC insulated copper
wire of 2.5 mm2 minimum cross section and encased in heavy gauge conduit. Sleeve type identification ferrules shall be
fitted to both ends of every wire.
Painting
All exterior surfaces of tanks, covers, radiators, etc., shall be thoroughly degreased and cleaned of all rust and scales by
shot blasting, following which a coat of epoxy resin or zinc chromate primer shall be applied over all metal surfaces.
Two further under coats of durable good quality oil and weather resisting alkyd resin paint of an approved quality shall
be applied and the final coat of gloss alkyd resin enamel paint shall be applied after completion of all Works Tests. The
final coat shall be of a colour to the Engineer’s approval. The total paint thickness shall not be less than 200 microns
measured magnetically.
In order to ensure complete surface coverage, tanks fitted with plate radiators or multi-layer cooling tubes shall be flood
painted.
The interior of transformer tanks, oil filled chambers and cable boxes shall likewise be thoroughly cleaned of all rust and
scales and then painted with a suitable hot oil resisting alkyd resin paint. The thickness of the paint shall not be less than
30 microns.
All painting shall be made good at Site prior to commissioning.
Manufacturer’s standard painting systems which provide equivalent or better protection will be considered if full details
are provided with the Bid.
Transformer Oil
Transformer oil shall be of the mineral type complying with local standards, BS 148; and shall be of the grade
recommended by the manufacturer. The oil shall not contain any PCB additive.
Prior to despatch from manufacturer's works the transformers shall be thoroughly dried out and filled with enough oil
for export shipment to cover core and windings with the space above oil level filled and sealed with dry air or nitrogen
under pressure. The balance of oil necessary for service plus 10% shall be supplied and contained in sealed, clean non-
returnable steel drums. The name of the oil manufacturer shall appear on the drums.
Noise and Vibration
The average noise level of each transformer when measured in accordance with IEC 551 shall not exceed 80 dB(A) at
1m.
The vibration level of the transformers shall also be kept to a minimum and shall not produce excessive stresses on any
of the components or parts of the transformers or associated supports.
The Employer reserves the right to reject any transformer not complying with the specified noise level or agreed vibration
level requirements.
Rating Plates and Valve Plates
The following plates or alternatively a suitable combined plate shall be fixed to side of the transformer tank:
A rating plate showing data specified in the standards. This plate shall also include a space for Serial Number.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

A diagram plate, in an approved manner, showing the internal connections and voltage vector relationship of the
various windings in accordance with the standards with the transformer voltage ratio for each tap position and
also a plan view of the transformer depicting the correct physical location of the respective terminals.
For ratings over 2MVA, a plate showing the physical location and function of all valves, gas release cocks, etc.
This plate shall also warn operators to refer to maintenance instruction manuals before applying the vacuum
treatment.
The plates shall be of stainless steel or other approved material suitably engraved so as to render the writings permanently
legible.
C.5.3 HV Surge Arresters
Scope
This specification covers the requirements for the design, manufacturing and test of 33kV metal-oxide type surge
arresters without spark gaps for AC system. Surge arresters will be transformer tank mounted and fitted to each phase
conductor/terminal.
Surge arresters shall be fitted at all points where a significant change of impedance occurs, e.g., ground mounted
transformer, overhead and underground interface
Construction
The surge arrester shall be metal-oxide type without spark gaps and constructed as per the requirement of IEC 60099-4.
The surge arrester shall be outdoor, explosion proof, non-linear resistor type or gapless type, and heavy duty substation
class type, designed for a rated surge current of 10 kA.
The metal-oxide used shall be of quality to ensure thermal stability under service duty of the surge arrester.
The completed surge arrester shall be housed in a spiral type solid core with silicon polymer housing. The housing shall
withstand the lighting impulse voltage of the arrester.
The surge arrester shall be sealed (end caps) with a controlled permanent seal to ensure no moisture absorption or
deterioration of the metal-oxide element for the surge arrester.
The steel plates or straps shall be galvanized as per the requirement of BS 1461.
The earth side of each arrester shall be station type, single pole, and gap-less type.
The surge arrester shall be supplied with fixing accessories and fitted with suitable connectors. The steel plates or straps
shall be galvanized as per the requirement of BS 1461.
The mounting brackets shall be suitable for both horizontal and vertical mounting on a steel channel.
Ratings
The rating of the surge arrester shall be as indicated in Table C-24.
Table C-24: HV Surge Arrestor Rating

System Voltage 11 kV 33kV

Rated Voltage 10kV 30kV

Maximum continuous voltage rating (r.m.s.) 7.6kV 24kV
Nominal discharge current 5kA 10kA
Long duration discharge class 1 1

C.5.4 HV Switchgear – General Requirements

 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

General

This Clause applies to the Main Switchboard, TWPS switchboard and the RWPS switchboard.
Switchgear provided under this Contract shall be:
Factory-built, type tested assemblies;
Proven in service under similar operating conditions;
Of a type commonly in use by electrical supply authorities in Tanzania;
Of a type with maintenance and support services readily available in Tanzania.
All switchgear provided shall be suitable for operation with the following auxiliary supplies:
48V DC tripping, control and protection circuits.
220 V AC spring wind motor circuits.
HV switchgear shall be designed for continuous operation at full load for at least 40,000 hours without maintenance,
which will require the busbar system to be de-energized.
HV Switchgear Standards
Switchgear and associated control gear shall comply with the standards referenced including the following:
IEC 298 A.C. Metal Enclosed Switchgear and Control gear

IEC 60694 Common Specification for High-Voltage Switchgear and Control gear
Standards

IEC 56 HV AC circuit breakers

IEC 60265-1 High Voltage Switches - Part 1 : Switches for Rated Voltages Above 1 kV
and Less Than 52 kV

BS 159 HV busbars and busbar connections

IEC 71/BS EN 60071 Insulation coordination

IEC- 62271 Part 200 (2003) High-voltage switchgear and control gear

BS 5311 AC circuit breakers above 1 kV

The requirements of the electrical supply authority and other statutory

bodies having jurisdiction over the Works.
Ratings of 33 kV & 11kV Switchboards
Minimum ratings for 33kV & 11 kV circuit breakers shall be determined in conjunction with the system analysis and
not less than the following:
i) rated power frequency withstand voltage 70kV & 28 kV respectively;
ii) rated impulse withstand voltage (kV peak) 170kV & 95 kV respectively;
iii) rated frequency 50 Hz;
iv) rated current – 1600 A & 630 or 1250A respectively;
v) rated short circuit withstand current 25 kA for 3 sec.,
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

HV Switchgear Definitions
Anti-pumping device is a device to prevent inadvertent continuous closing and opening of a switching device. Anti-
pumping devices for circuit breakers and latched contactors shall prevent reclosing after a close-open operation as long
as a close signal is received by the switching device. Anti-pumping devices for contactors with a holding coil shall
prevent continuous closing and opening due to a fault in the control circuit.
Buscoupler is a mechanical switching device to connect two busbar systems of a double busbar arrangement.
Bussection (or bustie) is a mechanical switching device to connect the busbar systems of two sections.
Construction and Arrangement of HV Switchgear and Control Gear
Unless otherwise specified, HV Switchgear and Control gear shall:
i) Be of the metal-clad, withdrawable type, having a single busbar system;
ii) Consist of a number of separate panels assembled into one or more sections to form a switchboard;
iii) Have compartments segregated by means of earthed metal partitions;
iv) Have enclosures that are free standing and self-supporting;
v) Be arranged with no more than one circuit breaker for each full vertical compartment or tier;
vi) Have busbar sections electrically interconnected by a bussection / bustie where shown on the Drawings;
vii) Have HV switchgear cubicles constructed of sheet steel minimum 2mm thick and shall comply with the
requirements specified in Clause “Equipment Enclosures and Cubicles”;
viii) Have facilities for extension of the switchgear and control gear provided at both ends of each
switchboard;
ix) Have operational equipment or metering apparatus located at levels between 0.2 m and 2.0 m above the
finished floor level;
x) Be arranged to provide ready access to components requiring periodic maintenance;
xi) Be of dust-proof and vermin-proof cubicles with the degree of protection at least IP 31. The floor where
the switchboard is placed shall not be considered to be part of the enclosure. With the door of the LV
compartment opened, the degree of protection shall be at least IP 20 towards any live part inside the
compartment and IP 30 towards any equipment terminals installed on the door which can be alive when
the door is opened;
xii) Be arranged so that equipping and commissioning of spare panels as well as connecting main, control
and auxiliary cabling shall be possible whilst the switchgear is alive and in operation. Cable installation
work on functional units and equipment work on spare panels shall be possible without de-energizing
adjacent units;
xiii) Have anti-condensation heaters complete with control thermostats and isolators for each tier;
xiv) Have indicators (egg. neon type) to indicate circuits are alive;
xv) Have separate internal fuses or circuit breakers for the supply to each control, protection and metering
circuit. The arrangement and fusing (or circuit breakers) of control, protection and metering supplies
shall be to the Engineer's approval.
The Contractor shall provide a sketch showing the general arrangement of their proposed switchboards with their Bid.
HV Switchgear Busbars
HV Switchgear busbars systems shall:
i) Be located in separate, air filled compartments;
ii) Be of high conductivity copper of not less than 99.9% as defined in IEC 28 – also applicable protective
/ earthing conductors;
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iii) Be individually fully insulated in order to avoid arcing faults in case of a short circuit. Insulation shall
be continued as far as practicable into the switching device and cable compartments up to the next current
protective device;
iv) Have provisions made at the bolted connections to enable accessibility for maintenance and extensions
when appropriate;
v) Have joints which are silver-plated or tinned. Connections and joints shall have a continuous current
rating not less than that of the busbars. Bolts for joints shall be high tensile strength bolts effectively
secured against loosening.
Earth bars shall be rated for the specified short time current of the switchgear and shall be provided along the complete
length of the switchgear and arranged suitable for earthing the cables.
Busbars, supporting insulators and connections shall be adequately dimensioned and type tested to withstand the
minimum electrical and mechanical stresses due to short-circuit currents specified for each switchboard.
Cabling to HV Switchgear
Provision shall be made in the feeder circuit compartment to terminate the cables in accordance with BS 5372. Cable
compartments shall be of adequate size for splitting, sealing and terminating single or multi-core cables including the
utilization of stress cones.
Cable entry cover plates and associated glands shall be suitable for terminating the cable sheath and steel/aluminium
armour of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables. Cover plates shall be earthed by means of copper conductors.
Cover plates and cable glands for the termination of single core cables shall be made of non-magnetic metal. Glands
shall be insulated from frameworks or cover plates.
Termination compartments for HV and LV (including control and protection) connections shall be effectively
segregated.
Provisions shall be included inside cable compartments for earthing the screen and armouring of each cable
independently.
Ratings of HV Switchboards

Ratings of HV Switchboards shall be in accordance with the requirements specified and shown on the Drawings for each
particular switchboard.
HV Switchgear - Name, Instruction and Warning Plates
General
Name plates, identification plates, instruction plates and warning plates shall be provided in accordance with all relevant
codes, standards and regulations; including the requirements of the electrical supply authority.
Name plates, identification plates, instruction plates and warning plates shall be provided with indelible inscriptions in
English.
Plates mounted on the outside of equipment shall be fixed by self-threading stainless steel screws or pop rivets.

Nameplates
The following information shall be included on the nameplate installed on the outside of the assembly:
i) Manufacturer's name or trade mark;
ii) Type designation;
iii) Contract number;
iv) Year of manufacture;
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v) Service voltage;
vi) Rated frequency;
vii) Rated current of busbar system;
viii) Type of circuit breaker/contactor;
ix) Rated voltage of auxiliary circuits;
x) Rated peak and short time withstand current and withstand time; and
xi) Degree of protection.
Instruction and Warning Plates
When operation sequences of certain equipment in the assembly are not evident, instruction plates shall be fixed near
the point of operation. Instructions shall be given as far as possible in a pictorial manner.
In locations where dangerous situations may inadvertently be created, warning plates shall be installed, identifying the
danger points. Locations may be either in a compartment or on the exterior of an assembly.
Prominent warning labels shall be provided such as: "Warning High Voltage - Circuit May be Live"
Each circuit breaker and panel of HV switchgear shall be provided with an identifying name plate on the front which
clearly displays the circuit number and name to the Engineer’s approval.
HV Circuit Breakers
HV Circuit Breakers – General
HV circuit breakers shall be vacuum break type, 3 pole, indoor, trip free mechanical switching devices complying with
the referenced standards.
Rated voltage, rated insulation level, rated short-circuit breaking current and rated duration of short-circuit shall be as
specified and shall not be less than the corresponding ratings assigned to their associated switchgear or control gear.
Circuit breakers shall be the self-aligning withdrawable type. Isolating contacts fitted to the ends of circuit breaker
bushings shall consist of a number of copper fingers, individually spring-loaded. Contact points shall allow flexibility
when the circuit breaker is plugged into the spouts.
Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, circuit breakers of the same rating shall be fully interchangeable, unless with the
Engineers approval, different auxiliary switch arrangements are adopted to meet different interlocking requirements.
HV Circuit Breakers – Mechanism
HV circuit breakers mechanisms shall be of the trip free type so that circuit breakers shall be free to open during their
closing operation immediately their tripping devices operate.
The minimum requirements for spring operated mechanisms shall include the following features:
i) Circuit breakers can be closed and then tripped when they are open and the springs are charged;
ii) There shall be sufficient energy to trip, close and then trip the circuit breaker when the circuit breaker
is closed and the spring is charged;
iii) Mechanical indication (or approved equivalent indicators) shall be provided to indicate the state of the
spring;
iv) Unless otherwise approved, motor spring charge mechanisms shall be provided with means for
charging by hand.
Rated operating sequences to BS 5311: Part II shall be 0-3min-CO-3min-CO. Stored-energy closing operations shall
comprise springs charged by dependent power closing with manual release. Rated supply voltages of the shunt opening
release shall be as specified.
The switchgear shall be provided with all interlocks necessary to prevent any incorrect operation.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Electrical tripping and closing devices shall be suitable for operation from the specified battery systems but shall operate,
with their coils in the following DC voltage range when measured at the terminals of the DC batteries:
i) Spring charging motor 80 - 120% of rated voltage;
ii) Closing release coil 80 - 120% of rated voltage; and
iii) Shunt trip release coil 50 - 120% of rated voltage.
HV circuit breakers shall be provided with open and closed indication and a trip button.
HV Circuit Breakers – Isolation / Withdrawal
Withdrawable circuit breakers shall be mounted in carriages (truck) of folded steel construction capable of being inserted
into the switchgear. Two normal positions with clear indication as "Engaged (In Service)" and "Isolated" (or test position)
shall be available. If the circuit breaker is used for earthing, then additional positions will be required and this
arrangement shall be to the Engineers approval.
Automatic safety shutters covering the busbar and circuit spouts during isolation of the circuit breaker shall be provided.
Safety shutters shall be capable of being padlocked in the closed position. Either or both sets of shutters shall be kept
open for testing or maintenance purposes which shall be automatically closed when the circuit breaker is inserted into
the compartment. Busbar shutters shall be painted red and labelled "BUSBAR". Circuit shutters shall be painted yellow
and labelled "CIRCUIT". Busbar shutters in bussections shall also be painted red and labelled "BUSBAR A" and
"BUSBAR B" together with an arrow showing the direction of the busbar.
Position selectors (or other approved means) shall be provided at circuit breaker compartments in the enclosure, which
can be padlocked to select any serviceable positions of the circuit breaker. Circuit breakers shall be able to be inserted
into service positions and operated in that selected position only.
For horizontally isolated circuit breakers the minimum requirements of the interlocks for circuit breakers shall be as
follows:
i) Circuit breakers closing shall not be possible with undefined truck position;
ii) Circuit breakers racking out shall not be possible with circuit breaker closed;
iii) Circuit breakers racking in shall not be possible with circuit breaker closed;
iv) Opening of circuit breaker compartment door shall not be possible with truck in service or in undefined
position;
v) Circuit breakers racking in shall not be possible with circuit breaker compartment door open;
vi) Additional interlocks to ensure safety during earthing and circuit breaker operations shall be provided
to the Engineers approval.
For vertically isolated circuit breakers the minimum requirements of the interlocks for circuit breakers shall be as follows:
i) Circuit breakers shall not be able to be inserted into housings unless they are in the "Isolated" (fully
lowered) position;
ii) Circuit breakers shall not be able to be closed unless they are in the "Engaged" (fully raised) or
"Isolated" (fully lowered) position;
iii) Circuit breakers shall not be able to be raised or lowered unless they are open;
iv) Circuit breakers shall not be able to be raised in any position other than those which have been selected
by the position selector;
v) Additional interlocks to ensure safety during earthing and circuit breaker operations shall be provided
to the Engineers approval.
HV Circuit Breakers - Secondary Circuits
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HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Connections in the secondary circuits between fixed (switchboard housing) and moving portions (circuit breaker
truck/carriage) of the equipment shall be by means of self-aligning plugs and sockets.
Secondary wiring shall not be mounted direct to metal. To accommodate and support the wiring, covered plastic
channels, insulated tubes or plastic strips shall be used. The filling factor for channels and tubes shall not exceed 70%.
Individual terminals shall be provided for each external conductor for bus wiring and outgoing control circuits.
HV Circuit Breaker - Control Facilities
HV Circuit Breakers shall be provided with control facilities as specified and shown on the Drawings.
All circuit breaker control, protection and indications shall operate from the specified DC supply – except spring charging
which shall operate on the specified AC supply.
HV Switchgear / Circuit Breakers – Spare Auxiliary Contacts and Signals
Each circuit breaker unit shall have spare auxiliary contacts and signals as specified and shown on the Drawings; and
shall include those as listed below:
i) At least two (2) spare contacts for each of: CB Open, CB closed, Isolated and In Service status for each
circuit breaker;
ii) Spare Inputs and Outputs from the protection and metering relay(s);
iii) Voltage transformer secondary circuit connections from each voltage transformer.
These spare auxiliary contacts and signals shall be wired to terminals in each compartment.
HV Switchgear / Circuit Breakers – Earthing
Earthing of HV switchgear shall be provided as specified for each particular switchboard and unless otherwise specified
shall be by means of one of the following:
i) Integral earthing switches. The integral earthing switches shall be applicable to every unit for both busbars
and feeder circuits;
ii) Or, an earthing truck for each switchboard. The earth truck switch shall be rated for fault making duty;
iii) Or, where approved by the Engineer, an earth position for the circuit breakers - applicable to every unit for
both busbars and feeder circuits.

Safety interlocks, to the Engineers approval, shall be provided for earthing switches and/or earthing trucks. Means shall
be provided whereby the electrical tripping of the circuit breaker or earthing truck is rendered inoperative during earthing
operations both when the circuit breaker/earthing truck is closing and when the circuit breaker/earthing truck is closed
in the earthed position.
Padlocking facilities shall be provided for locking the earthing switches and facilities in the open and closed positions.
When the earthing switch has been applied in a compartment, a withdrawable switching device shall not be inserted into
the service position of the compartment concerned.
Clear instructions shall be installed on the switchgear showing the methods of earthing.
HV Fuses
HV fuses shall be of the high rupturing capacity, short circuit current limiting type – suitable for operation at the rated
short time current and shall comply with IS 9385 High voltage fuses or BS 2692/IEC 282-1.
HV fuses shall have been type tested and ASTA or equivalent certificates for breaking tests for a homogenous series as
listed in the standards.
HV Switch Disconnectors
Where provided, HV switch disconnectors shall be rated to match the switchgear ratings and shall have been type tested
and type tests shall be certified by an authority approved by the Engineer.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
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HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Motor Starters
Motor starters shall contain all necessary contactors, timers, fuses, etc.
The following controls and indication shall be provided on the front of each motor starters compartment:
i) Current indication;
ii) Motor START/STOP push buttons;
iii) Local/remote switch, where appropriate;
iv) Motor AUTO/OFF/MANUAL selector switch, where appropriate;
v) ON/OFF/FAULT indication lights;
vi) Motor fault reset push button;
vii) Hours run counter.
Hours run counters shall be of the non-resettable cyclometer type with 6 figures and indication that the meter is working.
HV Switchgear / Circuit Breakers – Control, Protection and Monitoring
HV Switchgear and each circuit breaker compartment shall be provided with control, protection and monitoring devices
and functions as specified and shown on the Drawings; and shall include those as listed below:
i) Current transformers as shown on the single line diagrams;
ii) Voltage transformers as shown on the single line diagrams;
iii) Each circuit breaker compartment shall be provided with the following control selector switches as a
minimum:
i. one (1) manual “Trip/Neutral/Close” pistol-grip type selector switch arranged to Close
the circuit breaker from this switch as referenced above. The Trip position shall be
arranged to Trip the circuit breaker under all possible conditions and regardless of the
position of the “Local/Remote” selector switch. Additional Trip and Close contacts
shall be input to the protection relay.
iv) Each circuit breaker compartment shall be provided with the following DC indicating lamps as a
minimum:
a. one (1) red labelled “Circuit breaker ON”
b. one (1) green labelled “Circuit-breaker OFF”
c. one (1) amber labelled “Auto Trip on Fault” – operated from the protection and metering
relay(s)
d. one (1) green labelled “Breaker in Test” or approved mechanical indicator.
e. one (1) red labelled “Breaker in Service” or approved mechanical indicator.
v) Circuit breaker compartments shall be provided with electronic protection relay(s) to provide protection
and metering functions.
Rubber Mats
Each switchboard shall be provided with a rubber insulating mats as specified.
Matting shall comply with BS921:1976, suitable for use as a floor covering near electrical apparatus rated up to 650
VAC. The BS number, date of manufacture, the manufacturer’s name, and the words “650V maximum” shall be clearly
marked on the matting.
Protection and Metering Relays and Facilities
General
Protection and metering relays and devices shall be provided as required to meet the protection and metering functions.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
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Protection and metering relays shall be compatible with the switchgear and shall be rated to match the specified ratings
of the switchboards with which they are associated. Protective and metering relay systems shall be suitable for operation
on the plant power supply and with levels of harmonic distortion as specified.
The grouping of protection and metering functions shown on the Drawings are indicative and multiple protection and
metering relays and devices shall be provided where required to provide the required functionality.
Protection Relays
Protection relays shall:
i) Be multifunction electronic type relays or individual relays as required to provide the protection
functions specified;
ii) Be a proven in service with the particular switchgear and other associated equipment;
iii) Be provided complete with all ancillary equipment and devices to perform the required functions;
iv) Comply with BS EN 60255-1:2010or BS EN 60255-6:1995;
v) Have contact ratings and performances in accordance with the relevant standards and suitable for the
duty;
vi) Be suitable for operation with the current and voltage transformers provided;
vii) Have operation indicators for each protective element and these shall be installed within the same relay;
viii) Have hand-reset devices operable without opening the relay case;
ix) Have trip contacts compatible with the circuit breakers;
x) Have alarm contacts for each trip function;
xi) Have provision to prevent unauthorised resetting and adjustment of protection relays;
xii) Be semi-flush mounted on the front door operating face of the equipment, and shall be of the dust-tight
type. Relay cases shall be provided with covers and gaskets to render them dust-tight.
The Contractor shall be responsible for configuring and setting the protection relays to the approval of the Engineer.
Electronic protection relays shall be configured and set to:
i) Provide the protection functions specified;
ii) Provide over-current protection in accordance with the settings specified;
iii) Provide for safe operation and protection of the power supply system;
iv) Provide over-current protection in accordance with applicable codes, standards and regulations;
v) Display of each trip and alarm condition;
vi) Provide ease of use by operators;
vii) Provide a default display(s) as required by the Engineer;
viii) Provide interlocking and inter-tripping as specified and shown on the drawings
Configuration of multifunction protection relays shall be undertaken by personnel with a specialist and detailed
knowledge of power supply system protection and the particular protection relays.
Protection Functions
Protection Functions shall include the following for each HV circuit breaker and each withdrawable 400V air circuit
breaker:
i) 3 phase over-current fault protection including: IDMT over-current, definite time over-current and
instantaneous over-current;
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

ii) Earth fault protection including: including: IDMT over-current, definite time over-current and
instantaneous over-current;
iii) Transformers rated greater than 1000kVA shall be provided with differential and restricted earth fault
(REF) protection;
iv) The protection supplying transformers shall be provided with inrush current blocking;
v) Circuit breaker trip coil circuit supervision;
vi) Under-voltage alarm for each bus. Under-voltage relays for 3 phase applications shall be 3-phase type
that sense low voltage and loss of a phase for a preset time.
Over-current and earth fault protection shall be of the inverse definite time type with various selectable curves and with
high set instantaneous elements that can be set to infinity if required. Current settings shall be adjustable between 5%
and 240%. Time multiplier characteristics shall be adjustable from 0.05 to 1.00.
Transformer differential protection shall be provided for the 33/0.4kV or 11/0.4kV transformers and shall:
i) Operate on the zone protection principle, with high level of sensitivity, speed and accuracy for
operating conditions within the protected zone, such as all types of transformer internal faults, phase-
to-phase and phase-to-earth faults;
ii) Provide a high level of stability and tolerance for through fault (outside zone) conditions;
iii) Incorporate facilities for matching current transformer ratios and tappings;
iv) Provide for inrush current blocking
Restricted earth fault protection as shown on the Drawings shall be high impedance type. Resistors and other auxiliary
components associated with the relays shall be furnished to provide a complete and functional system.
Metering Relays and Devices
Where metering functions are required on relays they shall be capable of displaying the following parameters; all
parameters for each set shall be displayed simultaneously:
i) 1 System Volts, System Current, System kW
ii) 2 System Volts Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) %, System Current THD %
iii) 3 Volts L1 – N, Volts L2 – N, Volts L3 – N
iv) 4 Volts L1 – L2, Volts L2 – L3, Volts L3 – L1
v) 5 Volts Line 1 THD %, Volts Line 2 THD %, Volts Line 3 THD %
vi) 6 Current L1, Current L2, Current L3
vii) 7 Current Line 1 THD %, Current Line 2 THD %, Current Line 3 THD %
viii) 8 Neutral Current, Frequency, Power Factor
ix) 9 kVAr, kVA, kW
x) 10 kW Hr Import (7 digit resolution)
xi) 11 kVAr Hr Import (7 digit resolution)
xii) 12 kW Hr Export (7 digit resolution)
xiii) 13 kWAr Hr Export (7 digit resolution)
xiv) 14 kW Demand, Current Demand
xv) 15 kW Maximum Demand, Current Maximum Demand
Relays with metering functions shall:
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

i) Have accuracy with an error of less than ±1.0% for all parameters;
ii) Be capable of having 4-20mA output option fitted at a later date;
iii) Be programmed by the Contractor for the installed condition;
iv) Have a label indicating the current range, egg. 0-1250A.
Safety Devices
In addition to the electrical protection specified elsewhere herein, safety cut-outs shall be provided to protect equipment
against any operating conditions which could arise and which would be liable to cause damage to the equipment for
example: lack of water at pump suctions, high bearing temperature, cooling water no flow etc.
C.5.5 Current and Voltage (Potential) Transformers
General
This clause is applicable to current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs) installed throughout the works,
including those in HV switchgear, switchboards, control panels, distribution boards and electrical cubicles.
Current Transformers (CT)
CTs shall be of the ratios and minimum class specified and shown on the Drawings and shall be constructed so as to
withstand without damage the rated short time current and duration of the switchgear with which they are associated.
Current transformers installed where the switchboard rated short time current is not specified, shall be constructed so as
to withstand without damage the maximum prospective fault current available at the point of installation until clearance
of the fault by protective devices takes place.
All current transformers shall be capable of withstanding for one minute without damage the effects of an accidental
open circuit in the secondary circuit with full load current in the primary.
Current transformers shall be of the epoxy-encapsulated type, suitable for primary PVC cables or busbars to be passed
through. Two turn primary arrangements may be used with the Engineer's approval where an overall rationalisation of
current transformers will result. The secondary winding of each core or neutral point shall be earthed at one point only
via a removable bolted link. Links shall also be provided for all CT secondary connections to allow the connection of
test instruments and the short-circuiting of secondary windings.
Metering current transformers shall comply with the requirements of the standards referenced. Unless otherwise
specified or shown on the Drawings, metering CTs shall be of accuracy class 1 or better with rated burdens not less than
15 VA or 125% of the actual connected burdens.
Protection CTs shall comply with the requirements of the standards referenced and shall have an accuracy class of 5P or
better. The accuracy limit factor shall be a minimum of 20 and a greater value where required to match the short time
current rating of the switchgear with which they are associated. The product of the VA rated burden and rated accuracy
limit factor shall be 150 minimum.
Type test certificates of current transformers of the same type and rating shall be provided to the Engineer for approval
not more than 12 weeks after commencement of the work.
Where an overall accuracy is specified for a metering function, then current transformers of higher accuracy shall be
selected to match the specified overall accuracy.
Voltage (Potential) Transformers (VT)
Unless otherwise specified, voltage transformers shall be uniformly insulated and of cast resin construction. VTs shall
be of the fixed type protected by HV fuses and shall be readily removable for replacement. The minimum class, category
and ratio of each voltage transformer shall be as specified and shown on the Drawings. The connected burden shall be
not more than 75% of the rated burden of each voltage transformer. The secondary circuits of all voltage transformers
shall be fused in an approved manner.
Voltage transformers shall be suitable for operation on the plant power supply systems under all possible supply
conditions.
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CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Voltage transformers shall be vacuum impregnated or encapsulated resin insulated type air cooled and constructed to BS
EN 61558. Each transformer shall be fully accessible, capable of being fully isolated for maintenance purposes and fitted
with primary and secondary protection.
Rating Plates for Current and Voltage Transformer Data
Each CT and VT shall be provided with a rating plate upon which the information specified in the relevant Standard is
clearly marked. Such rating plates shall be located in such positions that, when the transformers are installed in position
the rating plates shall be readily readable after opening doors or unbolting cover plates.
A connection plate shall also be fixed on the fixed part of switchgear in which current and voltage transformers are
mounted. Such plate shall show the secondary connections and polarities and shall embody adequate reference for phase
identification of secondary terminals. Transformer serial numbers shall also be included.
C.5.6 Switchboards
33kV-11kV Switchboard Auxiliary DC Power Supply Systems
The Contractor shall provide battery backed 24V DC tripping supplies for switchboards provided under this contract.
The switchboard auxiliary power supply shall have a voltage of 24VDC and consist of a metal floor mounted enclosure
with 24V battery charger, batteries and DC distribution board. The auxiliary power supply shall be suitable for supplying
all switchboard protection and metering requirements, including circuit breaker spring charging motors if applicable.
The connected load shall consist of the 33kV or 11kV switchboard equipment specified in this Specification plus an
additional 33%.
The requirements for components mounted in the 24 V DC system cubicle are specified throughout the Specification.
The 24 V battery system shall be capable of supplying the 150% of the connected load with loss of mains power supply
for a period of not less than 24 hours of mains power supply failure, including 20 operations of the main incoming circuit
breakers. The batteries shall be sealed lead acid type and shall have a minimum capacity of 65 Amp/hours.
The power supply shall be an approved unit suitable for battery charging and instrument supplies use and shall be rated
to supply 150% of the connected load at 24 VDC. Output voltage shall be adjustable to 27.6 V. The battery charger shall
be capable of charging the fully discharged battery to 80 % charge in 6 hours and at the same time supplying the
maximum battery loading of the connected load. The battery charger shall also be capable of supplying load without
batteries connected. The battery chargers shall comply with AS 4044.
The battery charger shall be protected against overload and short circuit and shall provide an alarm contact output on
loss of mains power.
The DC system shall also be arranged to disconnect the battery from the load when the battery voltage falls below 21.2
volts.
The following shall be flush mounted on the front panel of the DC system cubicle:
i) DC Voltmeter – 72 mm2
ii) A charger output DC ammeter of accuracy class 1.5 to AS 1042. - 72 mm2
iii) A load DC ammeter and fused voltmeter, of accuracy class 1.5 to AS 1042. - 72 mm2
iv) LED alarm indication - including charger fail, low battery volts, fault
v) Indicating LED/lamp for battery charger healthy.
Each DC system shall include a voltage-free changeover alarm contact that operates when the charger fails and/or the
DC output voltage falls out of a preset range.
DC distribution shall be by means of moulded case thermal magnetic two pole circuit-breakers. The circuit breakers
shall be readily accessible on opening the cubicle door.
A rating plate shall be affixed to the DC system cubicles.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

400V Switchboards
General
400V switchboards shall:
i) Comply with IEC 60439.1 and the standard specifications;
ii) Be a form 3B type switchboard to IEC 60439.1;
iii) Be front and rear access type and suitable for cabling from the front;
iv) Have a minimum IP52 enclosure rating;
v) Be delivered to the site as a fully assembled, wired and tested unit.
The requirements for components mounted in Switchboard are specified throughout the Specification.
Main Switchboard Ratings
Switchboards shall be rated as follows:
i) Rated voltage - 400 V
ii) Rated current – main busbars - As per requirements
iii) Rated diversity factor - refer clause 4.7 IEC 60439.1
iv) The Contractor shall determine the required:
v) Rated short time withstand current for 1 second;
vi) Rated short time peak current
The Switchboard shall be fitted with rating plates detailing the ratings in accordance with IEC 60439.1
400V Switchboard Dimensions and Construction
Dimensions and configurations of the switchboards shall be determined to suit the switchroom and functionality
required. The switchboards shall have provision for future installation of additional circuit breaker feeders or motor
starters as shown on the drawings, and associated cabling.
The switchboards shall have provision for extension on at least one side.
The switchboards shall be mounted on a 75mm high galvanised steel plinth.
The switchboards shall be constructed as specified.
The Contractor shall provide a sketch showing the general arrangement of their proposed switchboards with their Bid.
Main Switchboard Busbars
400V switchboards shall contain a three-phase busbar system with each phase being suitably segregated and/or insulated
from the next.
The Switchboard and busbars shall have been type tested for temperature rise and short time current rating as determined
by the system analysis. Busbar type test certificates shall be submitted prior to commencing any associated work.
Full-length earth and neutral bars shall be provided.
400V Switchboard Incoming Supply Section
400V Switchboard shall be provided with separate metal enclosed incoming supply compartments, which shall
incorporate withdrawable air circuit breaker main isolators rated as shown on the Drawings. The air circuit breakers
shall have protection including a display of line voltage, instantaneous phase current and maximum demand.
The terminals for the main incoming cables shall be segregated from all other protection, control and indicating devices,
and outgoing cables.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Bus-Tie Section
Where shown on the Drawings 400V switchboards shall be provided with a separate metal enclosed compartment for
the busbar tie comprising a withdrawable air circuit breaker rated for the capacity of the busbar. The air circuit breaker
does not require protection and shall be interlocked with the incomers as specified and shown on the Drawings.
400V Switchboard Circuit Breaker Feeder Compartments
Separate metal enclosed feeder compartments shall be provided as shown on the Drawings and shall be designed to
allow for continuous operation at rated current.
Air circuit breakers shall be provided with a protection relay having adjustable long time, short time and earth fault
protection.
Moulded case circuit breakers with ratings above 160A shall have adjustable thermal and magnetic settings.
400V Motor Starters
Each motor starter shall comprise where applicable: a circuit breaker (for main circuit protection isolation); contactor(s);
motor thermal overload; auxiliary control and fault relays; thermistor protection/relay, motor heater controls; and devices
as specified and shown on the Drawings.
Motor starter components shall be selected to provide type 2 coordination.
Motor circuit breakers shall be fitted with a means for padlocking in the OFF position.
Unless otherwise approved, motor starter control circuits shall operate at 24V DC.
The following controls and indication shall be provided on the front of each motor starter compartment:
i) Current indication;
ii) Motor START/STOP push buttons;
iii) Local/remote switch, where appropriate;
iv) Motor AUTO/OFF/MANUAL selector switch, where appropriate;
v) ON/OFF/FAULT indication lights;
vi) Motor fault reset push button;
vii) Hours run counter (motors over 5kW only).
Hours run counters shall be of the non-resettable cyclometer type with 6 figures and indication that the meter is working.
Soft starter type motor starters shall comply with the specified requirements.
C.5.7 Power Factor and Power Factor Correction
General
The overall power factor of the Plant under any load or operating condition shall not be lower than 0.95 lagging. Power
factor correction capacitors rated at 85% of the no-load kVA of the motor shall be provided for each motor of above 5
kW rated output. In addition capacitors shall be fitted to smaller motors as necessary to maintain the minimum overall
power factor specified above.
Where the Contractor considers that overall correction rather than individual correction is advantageous on technical
and/or financial grounds he shall offer this, with a statement setting out the reasons for doing so.
Power factor correction capacitors shall comply with BS 1650 and be suitable for operation over the temperature range
0°C / +45°C. Each capacitor bank shall be fitted with discharge resistors and striker pin fuse protection, all to be enclosed
within a sheet steel housing having a terminal box with separate bolted access cover and an external earthing terminal.
Means shall be provided for monitoring fuse failure visually. For HV applications, the fuse pins shall be arranged to
also operate a trip bar which shall initiate a warning light on the motor starter.
Warning labels shall be fitted to the capacitor and motor terminal boxes, inscribed as follows:
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

"WARNING - EQUIPMENT CONNECTED TO STORED ELECTRICAL CHARGE. ISOLATE AND

EARTH ALL TERMINALS BEFORE HANDLING".
C.5.8 400V Soft Starters
Soft starters shall be certified to IEC947-4-2 and shall be marked accordingly. Preferential consideration will also be
given to those soft starters which are UL listed, CSA certified and are approved for CE or C-tick marking.
Each soft starter is required to start its connected motor/load combination at the duty cycle/cycles listed below at an
ambient temperature of 45°C and an altitude of 1,000 meters without de-rating.
e.g. (continuous operation) AC53a: X-Tx: F-S
(by-passed operation) AC53b: X-Tx: Off time
Where X = Start current, expressed as a multiple of full load current
Tx = Start time, expressed in seconds
F = Duty cycle, expressed as the % on time per hour
S = The number of starts per hour
Off time = The time between ramps, expressed in seconds
Soft starters shall be of the closed loop current control variety and provide both constant current and current ramp start
modes as standard.
Current feedback to the soft starter shall be via 3 current transformers (1 per phase) selected to ensure saturation does
not occur during the starting and stopping cycles. The current transformers shall be provided as part of the soft start
package.
Open loop voltage controllers or current limiting devices that operate without CT feedback will not be considered for
motor starting applications exceeding 75 kW.
Each phase of the soft start shall consist of inverse parallel connected SCRs for full wave control, supported by transient
over-voltage protection and snubber networks.
Each soft start unit shall be capable of providing pre-start protection features as detailed herein. On receipt of a start
signal, the soft starter shall perform a system analysis and automatically configure for the following:
i) Supply circuit;
ii) Motor circuit and connection method (line or inside delta operation);
iii) Phase sequence;
iv) Supply voltage;
v) Supply frequency;
vi) Integrity of internal power circuits - that is, SCRs healthy
Should an abnormality be detected during pre-start checks, the soft starter shall trip without application of power to the
motor terminals and provide indication of the fault cause.
Soft starters shall be capable of un-interrupted operation on a fluctuating supply with the following tolerance:
i) Power circuit: 180 to 220 V AC;
ii) Control circuit: 200/400 V AC, +10%, -15%
In addition the soft starters shall be able to ‘ride through’ voltage dips to 0 volts for a period not exceeding 0.5 seconds.
The supply frequency tolerance of each soft starter shall be 48-52 Hz automatically configuring – that is, without the
need for special calibration.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Programming of the soft starters, starting, stopping and protection parameters shall be via a digital keypad data entry
system ensuring simple and accurate settings of all parameters.
Each soft starter shall provide independent adjustments for start current, start (acceleration) and stop (deceleration) ramp
times. These shall be user adjustable in the range detailed below.
i) Constant current start - Maximum start current setting 50 to 550% FLC adjustable in 1% increments;
ii) Current ramp start - Initial start current setting 50 to 550% FLC adjustable in 1% increments.
Maximum start current setting 50 to 550% FLC adjustable in 1% increments;
iii) Start ramp time - 1 to 30 seconds adjustable in 1 second increments;
iv) Stop ramp time - 0 to 100 seconds adjustable in 1 second increments;
v) Each soft starter shall provide the following motor and system protection functions as standard.
vi) Programmable thermal modelling for accurate l2t motor overload protection;
vii) Phase imbalance and phase loss protection;
viii) Phase sequence and phase loss protection;
ix) Under-current/under load protection;
x) Electronic shear pin protection;
xi) Starter over temperature protection;
xii) Shorted SCR protection.
In addition to the protection systems detailed above, each soft starter shall provide an overload trip pre-warning facility
via local indication device.
All protection functions within the soft starter shall be fully operational irrespective of whether the soft start system is
configured for continuous or bypassed operation.
Soft starters which employ the uni-start / uni-stop control algorithms will be regarded as the preferred option for all
pumping applications.
The soft starter offered shall provide individual indication for each of the protection functions detailed above and for the
following:
i) Power on;
ii) Start/run;
iii) Up to speed;
iv) Installation fault
a. open circuit input or output
b. phase loss input or output
c. incorrect motor connection
d. failed SCR
In addition to the fault and status indication detailed above, the starter shall provide a readout of programmed parameters,
motor run current, current drawn at time of trip and motor thermal capacity.
Each soft starter shall provide relay outputs for:
i) Start/run - main contactor control;
ii) Up to speed - bypass contactor control;
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

iii) Start/run - healthy operation (energised on completion of pre-start checks);

iv) Fault trip - remote fault indication
The soft starter shall be used with line and bypass contactors that are to be controlled directly from the relay outputs
detailed above. On receipt of a start signal the soft starter shall energise the line contactor and maintain this state until
completion of the stop ramp or on detection of a fault condition. On reaching full output voltage the soft starter shall
energise the bypass contactor and maintain this state until a stop signal is received. Simultaneous de-energization of both
line and bypass contactors shall only occur when the stop ramp time is set to 0 seconds and/or on detection of a fault
condition.
Line and bypass contactors shall conform to the relevant sections of this specification.
All control wiring from and to external control devices shall be via clearly labelled removable plug terminals.
The soft starter shall be able to operate at an ambient temperature of 45°C at the stated duty cycle without de-rating.
The supplier of the soft starter shall be able to computer model the application and required duty to ensure accurate starter
selection has been made.
The supplier shall preferably have a service agent based in Tanzania with facility for the service of the supplied
equipment.
The supply frequency tolerance of each starter shall be 48-52 Hz automatically configuring - that is, without the need for
special calibration.

C.5.9 Variable Frequency Drive VFD

General:

The VFDs should be fitted in LT panels fabricated of 14sg CRCA sheet steel, as per RAL 7032 shade of powder coating
of 75-100 microns with matt finish.
The VFD should be able to accept emergency stop on operation of Emergency stop push button with least operating
time. VFD upto 45KW can be installed in Power cum MCC panel. 55KW and above VFDs shall be individual
starter(read VFD starter) to be installed near to the pump set so that operator can see the pump starting without any
malfunction of any type like leakage of seals/joints or whatsoever.

General Specification VFD

The Variable Frequency Drive shall be a Clean Power voltage source, advanced Pulse-Width Modulated, space vector
technology motor controller which utilizes the latest IGBT technology and surface mount construction to afford efficient
use of available space, prudent energy consumption and reliability.

The VFD should be of latest design, build and features. Should be able to drive all the types of AC motors that are
available like Induction motors, Permanent Magnet Motor, Synchronous Reluctance Motor (Syn RM). VFD should be
with V/f and vector control with/without encoder.

All Variable Frequency Drive(s) shall be supplied with an input AC line reactor of minimum 2.5% impedance.
Input (AC) Line Reactor shall be designed to address performance issues and to provide proper transient protection of
the VFD input power devices.

Input (AC) Line Reactor shall be factory mounted and wired within the VFD enclosure.

The Variable Frequency Drive(s) shall operate satisfactorily when connected to a bus supplying other solid state power
conversion equipment which may be causing up to 10% total harmonic voltage distortion and commutation notches up
to 36,500 volt/microseconds, or when other VFD’s are operated from the same bus.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Individual or simultaneous operation of the VFD’s shall not add more than 5% total harmonic voltage distortion to the
normal bus, nor more than 10% while operating from standby generator bus, To meet or exceed IEEE 519, 1992.

The Variable Frequency Drive shall maintain a displaced power factor of 0.95 or better, at all speeds without external
correction capacitors, and shall have a continuous output current rating of 110% of nameplate current.

The VFD shall be have wide output frequency range upto 500HZ. Braking, with over magnetization for stopping
without brakes to prevent water hammering.

The inverter output shall be generated by power transistors which shall be controlled by six (6) identical base driver
circuits, which shall yield an adjustable voltage up to rated voltage three-phase, Alternating Current (AC) power for step
less motor speed control from 20 percent to 100 percent of base speed.

This motor controller shall produce an adjustable Alternating Current voltage/frequency output. It shall have an output
voltage regulator to maintain correct output Volt/Hertz ratio despite incoming voltage variations.

The Variable Frequency Drive(s) shall not induce excessive power losses in the motor. Worst case Root Mean Square
(RMS) motor line current measured at rated speed, torque and voltage shall not exceed 1.05 times the rated RMS motor
current for pure sine wave operation.

• Speed search for coasting motors.

• Protective functions should be there like stall prevention, over temperature prevention.
• Self-monitoring of main working components – Fan, IGBTs, Capacitors, charging circuits; with alarm when
reaching a certain life time.
• Fast navigation should be possible.
• The VFD shall have PID Control (With Sleep Function)
• Energy Saving Control
• Parameter Backup Function
• Momentary Power Loss Ride Through
• The VFD Should be CE marked
• The VFD should have auto Tuning Automatic, rotating and static.
• VFD should have IP20 degree of protection.
• Overload capacity of 50% for one minute in one hour.
• Programming /interface should include four arrow keys and one select function keys.
• VFD should be safe as with IEC 61800-5-as per IEC 61800-5-2, tested according IEC/EN61508 (SIL3) and
ISO/EN13849-1 (PI e, cat 3).
• Should have off-line and online programmable wizard parameter and drive configuration tool without any
power supply (So that can be programmed and sent to site as plug & play to save costly remote site visits).
• Shall be suitable to harsh environment as per IEC 60721-3-3, Class 3CS (Chemical gasses), Class 3S2 (Solid
Particles).
• Should be able to support wide range of communication should be possible: CANopen, CC-Link, Device Net,
Ethercat, Ethernet/IP, MECHATROLINK-II, MECHATROLINK-III, Profibus –DP, Profinet and LON works
etc.
• Three phase control with operation voltage: 380 V to 480 V AC, in -15% to +10% bands at 50 Hz ±5% voltage
input.
• It should have energy saving features.
• It should have regenerative capacity to stop pump as soft as possible in the event of power failure.
• It should have communication port compatible to SCADA.
• VFD shall have a 8 Digital (sink/source); and 3 analog, 1 pulse, 24Vdc power supply inputs.
• VFD should have 6 photo coupler, 2 relay, 2 analog (current/voltage) outputs with 24 VDC.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

• Programming interface should be mini USB on front cover; digital operator with blue tooth.
• VFD LCD should have Real time clock and data logging.

Product features

The VFD shall comply with the following technical requirements:

• The VFD should have Conformal coating for better dust and moisture protection.
• Should be able mobile device (smartphone or tablet) connectivity is achieved through using built-in USB port
or wireless communication with Bluetooth LCD keypad option so that at remote location trouble shooting or
minor adjustments are possible. Parameter and failure code description including trouble shooting assistance
should be integral to achieve benefit of connectivity.
• Co-ordination, Semi-Conductor Fuses is must along with Line Contactor AC3 for Isolation.
• The contractor shall make arrangements for harmonic mitigation light by providing input choke integral or
discrete.
• It should have auto tuning facility to read motor parameters.

User interface
The VFD shall have a detachable keypad with graphical LCD display. The keypad shall have start and stop buttons,
information button for access to a built-in manual and an USB-port for connection to a PC. The keypad of each VFD
shall include a “POWER ON” light
• a VFD fault light
• a VFD run light
• manual stop push-button
• manual start push-button
• a fault reset push-button
• An “AUTOMATIC” push-button and increase/decrease pushbuttons.

The VFD’s shall be software programmable to provide automatic restart after any individual trip and/or condition
resulting from either over current, over voltage, under voltage, or over temperature.
For safety, the variable frequency drive shall shut down and require manual reset and restart if the automatic reset/restart
function is not successful within a maximum of three attempts within a short time period.

A speed droop feature shall be included which reduces the speed of the VFD on transient overloads. The drive is to return
to set speed after transient is removed.

If the acceleration or deceleration rates are too rapid for the moment of inertia of the load, the drive is to automatically
compensate to prevent VFD trip.

Automatic restart after drive trip and/or utility failure. Automatic or Manual restart after VFD trip and/or utility failure
shall be Software selectable.

Speed profile: Individual adjustable settings for start, stop entry, slope, and minimum and maximum speed points.
Process Signal Inverter: Software selectable to allow speed of VFD to vary inversely with input signal.

A critical speed avoidance circuit: will be included for selection of two critical speeds with a rejection band centered on
that speed. The VFD will ignore any speed signals requiring drive operation within the rejection band.

Proportional and Integral set point process controller with menu driven selection and programming via door-mounted
keypad.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

The VFD shall be able to determine the motor speed and resume control of a motor which is spinning in either direction
without tripping. The VFD shall be able to successfully Pick Up a spinning load.

A door-mounted membrane keypad with integral 2-line, 24-character LCD display shall be furnished, which is capable
of controlling the VFD and setting drive parameters, and shall include at a minimum the following features:

The digital display must present all diagnostic message and parameter values in plain English engineering units when
accessed, without the use of codes. The keypad module shall contain a “self-test” software program which can be
activated to verify proper keypad operations. The digital keypad shall allow the operator to enter exact numerical settings
in plain English engineering units. A plain English user menu shall be provided in software as a guide to parameter
setting, (rather than codes). Drive parameters shall be factory set in EEPROM and resettable in the field through the
keypad.

Environmental conditions
• The VFD shall have coated PCBAs to withstand harsh environments
• The VFD shall support operational temperature of -25°C to +60°C with de-rating of maximum 2% per 1°C
above 50°C
• The VFD shall be able to operate on up to 1000 meters above sea level.

Motor starting, stopping and operation

• The VFD shall have pre-program functions.
• Stand still brake, to keep the load still before start
• Motor heating, to keep the motor well-tempered before start.
• It should have pump application software.
• Open Loop Vector Control
• Close Loop vector Control

The VFD shall have the following start ramps available:

• “S”- start ramp
• Torque start ramp
• Torque boost.
• ± 0.2 % Speed Accuracy in Open Loop Vector Control.

• The VFD shall have possibility for speed upto 150% of rated speed if required.
• The VFD shall have Torque Control, to eliminate water hammering and prolong lifetime of the pump system.
• The VFD shall include 200 % starting Torque feature to be able to start heavy loads.
• The VFD shall have the following three types of current Limit:
• Current Limit
• Dual Current Limit
• Current Ramp

Built-in motor protections

The VFD shall integrate motor and load protections,
The VFD shall also be able to present a warning before tripping for each protection.
The VFD shall have the following motor protections available
• Electronic Overload Protection as per class 10A, 10, 20, 30
• Locked Rotor Protection
• Motor Under load Protection
• Current Imbalance Protection
• Overvoltage and Under Voltage Protection
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

• In case of Phase Reversal it should run the motor in correct direction.

• It shall also have input for PTC and PT100.

Fault Indication & Fault Diagnostic

It should have Built-in diagnostics to show fault and cause with time stamping.
The VFD shall provide following fault detection, to protect both the starting equipment, the load and the VFD
itself
• Phase loss
• High current
Low control supply voltage

ENCLOSURE
The manufacturer’s illustrated operating instructions and parts list shall be mounted within the Variable Frequency Drive
enclosure door.
Provide an Input circuit breaker, interlocked with the enclosure door, with through-the-door handle to provide positive
disconnect of incoming AC power.
Mounted on the cabinet door shall be the selector switch, motor fault light, power ON light, motor ON” VFD light and
motor ON LINE light.
Door-mounted meters shall be provided on all units 3 Horsepower and larger:
Analog ammeter (0 - 110%)
Analog voltmeter (0-600 VAC)
Analog kW meter (0-110%)
5-digit elapsed timer non resettable type.
All Variable Frequency Drive components shall be factory mounted and wired on a dead front, grounded, enclosure
suitable for bottom or top conduit entry.
The Enclosure shall have louvers at lower end and exhaust at top side of enclosure.
The enclosure shall have space heaters.
The enclosure shall have spare Semiconductor fuses two numbers.
The enclosure shall have IP 54 degree of protection.
Enclosure shall have fault level equal to fa.

C.5.10 LV and ELV Control Equipment and Devices

Scope
This clause is applicable to electrical and control equipment and devices installed throughout the works, unless particular
applications have more specific requirements, which are specified or shown on the Drawings.
General
Wherever possible, and unless otherwise specified, electrical and control equipment and devices shall be standardised
throughout the Works.
All equipment shall be set out in a uniform manner for all similar equipment and all similar components shall be fully
interchangeable.
All equipment shall be arranged to facilitate servicing, and shall be readily accessible for routine inspection and testing
and normal replacement and maintenance of components without the necessity of major dismantling.
Equipment shall be arranged to allow adequate space for the installation and termination of all internal and external
wiring.
Equipment manufacturers and types referenced are specified to comply with the plant standards.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Contactors
Contactors shall be block type, air break. Contactors shall be selected based on uninterrupted (continuous) duty, AC4
utilisation category, motor rated full load current and minimum size 16 A at 400 V AC. Contactors shall be rated for not
less than 1 million electrical (AC3) switching operations. Motor contactors shall be Sprecher and Schuh or approved
equal. Each contactor shall have not less than one spare normally open and one normally closed auxiliary contact.
Contactors shall be mounted with sufficient clearance to other equipment and to its enclosure to allow full access for
maintenance, removal and replacement of coils and contacts, without the need to disconnect wiring or remove other
equipment.
Control Relays and Timers
General
All relays of the same general function, manufacture and rated coil voltage shall have identical terminal configuration.
Unless otherwise specified or shown, all relays shall have continuously rated coils. Relays of the same function shall be
of the one manufacture and model.
Plug-in types shall be attached to the receptacle base by a captive clip, which may be applied or released without the use
of tools.
Block Type Control Relays
240 V AC control relays and timers shall be moulded block construction type, rail mounted and shall be Sprecher and
Schuh CS4, Syrelec or approved equal. Minimum contact rating shall be 5 A at 220 V for AC applications
Block type control relays shall have provision to fit add-on contact blocks, timers and similar accessories.
PLC Output and Interface Relays
PLC output relays shall be terminal type relays of the same make as the general terminals.
PLC interface relays and miniature control/auxiliary relays shall be plug in type and provided with rail mounted bases.
PLC interface relays and miniature control/auxiliary relays shall be Finder type 40-51/52 series with 95-75 bases or
approved equal.
All miniature relays shall be fitted with indicating LED’s and all DC relays shall be fitted with suppression diodes.
Contacts shall be rated at not less than 5 A, 250 V, 50 Hz and 5A, 24V DC.
Timers
Timers shall be suitable for continuous operation under the specified conditions with operating characteristics suitable
for the application. Repeat accuracy of +/- 3% of the pre-set adjustment over the timing range. Unless otherwise
specified, timer relays shall be Syrelec or by add-on blocks to the specified block type relays.
Thermistor Relays
Thermistor relays shall be Sprecher and Schuh RT7 type or approved equal.
Under-Voltage / Phase Fail Relays
Under-voltage relays shall be provided where specified or shown on the Drawings for sensing of loss of power supplies
to switchboards, control panels, distribution boards and similar equipment.
Under-voltage/phase fail relays shall:
a) Be 3 phase type which sense low voltage and loss of a phase;
b) Have adjustable voltage and operating times;
c) Detect and operate on single or multiple phase loss.
Indicating Lights and Push-Buttons
Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, indicating lights and push buttons shall operate at 24 V dc.
Indicating Lights
Indicating lights shall be of "oil-tight" design. The indicator light shall utilise single hole mounting with a 22.5 mm hole
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Indicating lights shall permit removal of lens and lamp from the front without disturbing the lamp base or wiring.
Indicating lights shall have a projecting glass or high quality heat resistant plastic lens.
Each indicator light shall have an engraved label plate mounted directly above or below the lens.
Where not identified on the Drawings the lens colour of indicator lights shall be in accordance with the relevant standard
Unless otherwise specified, indicating lights shall have LED cluster type lamps (high intensity/bright type).
Lights for 110 and 240 V ac supplies shall be of the integral transformer type.
Indicating lights which are not provided with a means of testing via the PLC, shall be press-to-test type.
Indicating lights and push buttons located in control rooms and switch-rooms shall have minimum enclosure rating of
IP65. All other indicating lights and push buttons shall have minimum enclosure rating of IP66.
Push-Button Switches
Push-button switches shall be suitable for single hole mounting and shall match the associated indicating lights with
which they are mounted. Contact blocks shall be removable without disturbing the operator. Contact blocks shall be
rated at 10 A, 250 V, 50 Hz and contacts shall be pure silver.
Pushbuttons fitted to switchgear or control panels shall be of "oil-tight" design with coloured buttons and engraved label
plate suitable for single hole mounting with a 22.5 mm hole. Field mounted pushbuttons and those installed in field
mounted local control stations shall be 30 mm type.
Push-button operators shall be coloured red for stop and green for start, any other push-button operator shall be black.
Press-to-test indicating lamps shall also comply with this Specification.
Emergency and latched stop push buttons shall have a large mushroom operator, coloured red, with approved mechanical
latching device padlockable in the off position.
Instruments and Meters
General
All instruments shall incorporate magnetic screening, have mechanical zero adjustment from the front of the instrument
without dismantling and shall be suitable for use on ferromagnetic panels of any thickness.
Instruments of all types shall be marked with instrument transformer ratio, accuracy class and serial number.
All voltage supplies to voltmeters, kilowatt-hour meters and voltage transducers shall be separately protected by fuses
or circuit breakers.
Unless otherwise specified, ammeters and voltmeters shall be of accuracy class 1.5 and shall be of the flush mounting
type.
Analogue instruments shall have shock-resistant jewel bearings and damped movements with facility for external
adjustment of the zero. Impact resistant and non-reflective glass shall be provided.
Scales shall be black lettering on white background with black pointer, capable of indicating the maximum value of the
variable being measured. Markings indicating a normal maximum loading shall be red.
Accuracy shall be class 1.5 or better. Instruments and meters shall be Crompton or approved equal.

Ammeters
Unless otherwise specified, AC Ammeters installed on switchboards, panels and cubicles shall be 72 mm square
instruments with moving iron movement, 90 degree scale and shall be of accuracy class 1.5.
Motor ammeters shall be 48mm square and shall have compressed over-scaling to 6 times full scale, and red lines shall
be provided on the ammeter scales to indicate the full load current of the circuit. Minimum scale readings shall not be
less than 10% of the full load reading.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Unless otherwise specified, ammeters shall be Crompton 243 series or approved equal.
The main supply ammeters shall be a combination ammeter and maximum demand indicators with 96 mm square
minimum size bezel and shall be Crompton 244 series or approved equal. The ammeter shall have an accuracy class 1.5
and maximum demand indicator accuracy class 3.0.
Ammeters may be directly connected in circuits having a rated full load current not exceeding 25 amp. Ammeters in
circuits having a rated full load current above 25 amp shall be current transformer operated and shall employ 5 amp
movements.
Voltmeters
Unless otherwise specified, AC Voltmeters installed on switchboards and cubicles shall be 72 mm instruments with
moving iron movement, 90 degrees scale and accuracy class 1.5. Voltmeters shall be Crompton 243 series or approved
equal.
A voltage selector switch shall be provided for measurement of phase-to-neutral voltages
Rotary Selector Switches
This clause is applicable to all rotary switches used for control and mounted on electrical enclosures, including,
switchboards, control panels, cubicles, junction boxes and similar enclosures. Rotary selector switches shall comply with
AS3947.
The switch body shall be mounted on the rear face of the enclosure and shall be retained securely. The escutcheon shall
cover the mounting hardware.
Rotary switches shall have a continuous metal shaft from which all contacts shall be operated. Operation of the switch
shall be by a handle attached to the centre shaft by a metal-thread screw. Switches shall be cam indexed at 45 degrees
and shall have bezel with an escutcheon. Switches shall have stops to prevent rotation beyond engraved positions.
Switch contacts shall be pure silver, continuously rated at 10 A 240 V AC and 5A 24 V DC.
Rotary switches shall have an AC-11 utilisation category.
Rotary selector switches shall be Kraus and Naimer type or approved equal.
Motor control selector switches shall be capable of being padlocked in the OFF position.
Terminals
This clause includes all extra-low; low and medium voltage terminals used in terminating cables in electrical enclosures,
including switchboards, control panels, cubicles, racks and terminal cabinets, junction boxes and similar enclosures.
The grouping and arrangement of all terminals shall be to the Engineer's approval.
Terminals shall be Klippon or approved equal.
Analogue Signal Terminals: Analogue signal terminals used to terminate screened cables shall be rail mounted hinged
test link type. Analogue signal shall be provided with sockets for test plugs.
PLC Input/Output Terminals: PLC input/output terminals shall be rail mounted and where shown on the Drawings, shall
be hinged test link type.
Low and Medium Voltage Terminals: Low voltage terminals shall be mounted on a steel rail. Terminals shall be of the
clamping type on both sides unless otherwise specified and minimum terminal size shall be suitable for 4 mm2 stranded
conductor.
Current Transformer Terminals: Current transformer secondary terminals shall be rail mounted test link type and shall
be rated for the maximum fault current specified for the associated current transformers. Current transformer secondary
terminals shall be provided with sockets for test plugs.
PLC I/O Surge Diverters
A 3-stage transient barrier shall be installed in series with each wire of the circuits to be protected.
The barriers must be suitable for balanced and unbalanced circuits or for low voltage, low current power supplies.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

The clamp voltage of each barrier is to be as low as possible while being above the normal maximum operating voltage
of the protected circuit.
The barriers may use GDT primary diverters but the secondary diverter/clamp must be a semi-conductor device such as
a Tranzorb or equivalent. This mix of technologies will provide fast response to transients and a high single-shot surge
rating.
The design of the barrier must include suitable decoupling impedance between the primary and secondary surge
diversion elements to ensure the surge and transient performance of the barrier is optimised.
The barrier must have a single-shot surge rating of at least 20KA (8/20uS). Test results confirming this performance
level must be available on request. Calculated or theoretical results are not acceptable.
The barrier design must include internal, automatic, self-resetting over-current protection.
The enclosure shall be a metal or flame retardant plastic to UL94 V-0.
Enclosure style shall be DIN 43880, suitable for attachment to 35mm DIN rail. Minimum acceptable environmental
rating is IP20.
Barriers shall be Erico UTB30S or UTB30D type or approved equivalent.
Control Transformers
Control transformers, for extra low voltage control circuits, shall be double-wound with earthed screen. The screen and
one side of the secondary winding shall be earthed to the control panel frame.
Fuses
Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings fuses shall be HRC type and shall be suitable for industrial
application.
Fuse rated voltage, current and frequency shall be as specified and shown and shall be appropriate to the application.
400 V fuses shall have a rated breaking capacity of not less than 50 kA.
Unless otherwise specified, fuses shall have a general purpose characteristic.
Fuse-holders shall be of the fully shrouded type.
Separate fusing shall be provided to each individual equipment item and functional group of components and equipment.
The grouping of fused circuits shall be to the Engineer’s approval.
Circuit Breakers
General
Circuit breakers shall have interrupting capacity of not less than the prospective fault level at the point of connection.
Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, circuit breakers shall be mounted exposing only the handles and
rating plates and shall be of the same manufacture throughout the works.
Circuit breakers shall be selected to provide the best possible discrimination.
Each circuit breaker shall be fitted with an approved engraved label, which incorporates the device/ equipment number
and clearly describes the load.
Air Circuit-Breakers
General
400V air circuit breakers (ACBs) shall be 3 pole, fully metal clad and with earth terminal.
Air circuit breakers shall be mounted in the switchboards strictly in accordance with the circuit-breaker manufacturer’s
instructions and requirements.
Air circuit breakers shall be mounted with the front of the circuit breaker protruding through and flush with the
compartment door. Air circuit breakers shall be lockable in the open position with a 6mm hasp padlock.
Operating Mechanism
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Provision shall be made to enable each circuit breaker to be padlocked to prevent closure.
Contact ratings and performances shall be in accordance with IEC 60947-2
ACB’s shall have built in protection for instantaneous short circuit interruption.
Withdrawable Air Circuit Breakers
400V withdrawable air circuit breakers (ACBs) shall be of the horizontal draw-out type.
The racking gear shall be lockable and shall be fully interlocked to prevent withdrawing the circuit breaker when it is
closed. Lockable shutters shall be provided on bus and load sides. The racking mechanism shall lock the ACB in three
distinct positions; connected, test and isolated.
Rating
The 400V air circuit-breaker shall be rated as follows:
a) Nominal voltage 400 V
b) Frequency 50 Hz
c) Short Circuit withstands (minimum) are shown in Table C-25.
Table C-25 Rating of Air Circuit Breakers

Breaker Rating Short Time Current Rated Breaking Rated Making Current
(Amps) (kA for 3 seconds) Current (kA) (kA)

1600 50 50 105
2000 50 65 143
2500 65 85 187
3200 65 85 187

400V air circuit-breakers shall have a continuous current rating of not less than 110% of the associated transformer rating
with the circuit breaker installed in the MCC/switchboard enclosure.
Auxiliary and Racking Contacts
The following spare auxiliary and, where applicable, racking contacts shall be provided and wired to terminals for each
circuit breaker:
a) Two normally open and two normally closed auxiliary contacts
Moulded Case Circuit-Breakers
Unless provided with current limiting, moulded case circuit-breakers shall be rated for the prospective fault currents as
shown on the drawings.
Type test certificates shall be provided to confirm all ratings.
Facilities shall be provided to padlock motor starter and distribution circuit breakers in the open position.
Moulded case circuit-breakers shall be flush mounted exposing only the handles and shall be of the same manufacture
throughout the works. Circuit-breakers of the same current rating shall be of the same type.
Moulded case circuit breakers in form 3 feeder and motor starter compartments shall be mounted at the back of their
compartment and be operated with a proprietary rotary handle mounted on the compartment door. The rotary switch
handle shall be interlocked so that the compartment door cannot be opened while the circuit breaker is switched on. This
interlock shall be defeatable by an authorised person.
Moulded case circuit-breakers shall incorporate thermal and magnetic over-current protection. The magnetic protection
shall be adjustable for circuit-breakers rated at or greater than 200 Amps.
Moulded case circuit-breakers for the supply of capacitors shall be rated accordingly.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Circuit-breakers shall be selected to provide the best possible discrimination with the fuses and circuit breakers shown
on the Drawings.
Miniature Circuit Breakers
Miniature circuit breakers and chassis/busbars shall be mounted inside the switchboards and control panels as specified
and shown on the Drawings.
Miniature circuit-breakers shall be Terasaki DinT or approved equivalent
Unless provided with current limiting, case circuit-breakers shall be rated for the prospective fault currents as shown on
the drawings.
Circuit breakers shall be mounted so that the "ON-OFF" and current rating indications are clearly visible with the cover
or escutcheon in position (unless noted otherwise), and so that arc discharges from the circuit breakers are directed away
from live metal and insulation. Operating toggles shall be aligned in the same plane.
Sufficient space shall be maintained around the circuit breakers to allow all incoming and outgoing cables, including
cables to spare poles, to be installed and terminated without overcrowding.
Circuit-breakers shall be rated for the prospective fault current and shall be selected to provide the best possible
discrimination.
Each circuit breaker shall be fitted with an approved engraved label, which clearly describes the load.
Circuit breakers supplying plug socket outlets or lighting shall be residual current device type.
Circuit Breakers in 400V Distribution Boards
Circuit breakers installed in 400 V lighting and general purpose power distribution boards shall be mounted in busbar
chassis and shall have interrupting capacity of not less than 6 kA. Approved current limiting fuses rated at 160 Amps
maximum shall be provided where the remote supply fuses or circuit breakers do not provide equivalent current limiting.
Circuit breakers shall be
i) Terasaki Din T series, or approved equal;
ii) Mounted direct to the busbars;
iii) Mounted behind an escutcheon exposing only the operating handles;
iv) Provided with earth-leakage protection where supplying socket outlets and lights.
Switches and Fuse Switches
This clause is applicable to air-break isolators, switches and fuse switches supplying power consuming devices. All
switches shall have definite indication of the contact position and shall guard against false indication, in particular for
the case of welded contacts.
Switches shall have short circuit current ratings appropriate to the specified prospective fault currents and supply fuse
sizes. Switch current ratings specified and shown are ratings based on uninterrupted duty as detailed in AS3947.
Switches installed in power supplies to motors shall be rated to break motor locked rotor current and shall have minimum
rating of AC23.
Fuse-switches shall have a manual closing handle with provision for padlocking in the OFF position. The handle shall
be retractable when not in use. Fuse switches, when fitted with the largest fuse, shall be suitable for operation on a system
with the installed prospective fault current or 50 kA - whichever is the higher.
Fuse switches shall be rated as follows:
i) Rated short time withstand current when fitted with largest fuse size they will accommodate - the
installed prospective fault current or 50 kA - whichever is the higher;
ii) Rated short circuit making current - 105 kA minimum;
iii) Rated to break rated load current and where applicable, motor locked rotor current.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Type test certificates shall be provided to confirm all ratings.

Fuses shall be bolted tag type complying with BS 88 and shall be an approved type to provide current limiting of
downstream devices
C.5.11 Other Instruments, Indications and Alarms
General
The operating push buttons, switches or handles of all circuit breakers, motor starters, isolators, etc. shall be located on
the front of cubicles, or for cubicles of the desk type, on the face of the desk. There shall be visual indications of the
"ON" and "OFF" positions.
All operations of power on, running, stopped, fault and alarm circuits shall be clearly individually indicated on the fascia
of the switchboard, by lamps.
Fault and alarm lights shall remain on until the associated fault or alarm condition has been cleared and the system reset.
An audible alarm shall also be provided to indicate operation of any major fault or alarm function. An “alarm accept”
shall cancel alarm but leave the fault lamp illuminated until fault is cleared. The clearance of the audible alarm shall not
prevent further alarms activating the audible alarm for additional faults.
Indicating lamps shall incorporate a lamp test feature either individual push to test or a common lamp test button.
Start push buttons shall be of the shrouded type; Stop push buttons shall be of the mushroom headed, stay-put, twist to
release type. Stop push buttons shall be operative in both manual and auto modes of control. All push buttons shall have
a label indicating their function.
Indicating lamps on panels shall be rated to withstand not less than 20% continuous over-voltage and shall be so designed
that the heat from the bulb does not discolour the panel. Account shall be taken of the lamp's local ambient conditions.
Indication lamps and push buttons shall be coloured in accordance with IEC 73 (BS 4099 or BS EN 60073:1993) as
amended by current site practices. Flashing indication lamps shall be arranged in accordance with BS 4099, as amended
by current site practice.
Indicating lamps shall be provided for duties as on existing equipment and general site practice. Particular indicating
lamps shall also be provided as called for in the Detailed Scope of Works. If necessary, rationalization shall be applied
between sites by agreement with the Engineer.
All electrical indicating instruments shall comply with BS 89 and BS 3693, be moving iron type and to Class 1.5 or
better. Instrument size shall be 96 mm square with quadrant scale.
Instruments shall be flush mounted on the cubicles and effectively sealed against ingress of moisture, dust and inspects.
Instrument mounting height shall not exceed 1.80 metres above floor level. Unless otherwise specified instrument full
scale deflection shall be at least 120% of the normal operating point (i.e.. nominal voltage or full load current).
Ammeters in motor circuits shall be capable of withstanding the starting current of the motor and shall have a compressed
overload scale for this purpose. The full load current shall be defined with a red line. Voltmeter scales shall have a red
line indicating normal volts.
All voltage circuits of instruments shall be protected by a fuse in each unearthed phase, situated as close as practicable
to the point of connection.
Current transformers (CT) shall have short circuit ratings not less than those of the circuits with which they are concerned,
and shall fully comply with BS 3938.
One side of the secondary winding of all current transformers shall be earthed. The rated burden of each CT shall be a
minimum of 150% of the designed load burden.
Where specified, capacitors for correcting power factor shall be incorporated in the panel. Such capacitors shall comply
fully with BS 1650.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

All motors shall be provided with emergency stop push buttons mounted on or adjacent to the motors which shall lock
out the control circuit and shall require a key to reset the circuit. Local motor isolators shall also lock out the motor
control circuit when in the "OFF" position.
Labels
Each switchboard shall be provided with a main title label where specified and circuit designation labels shall be fixed
to the front and rear cover of each circuit compartment.
Panels with front and rear access shall have circuit designation labels fitted to the outside of all the rear covers in addition
to any necessary warning labels. Rear covers covering more than one sub-section shall have duty labels fitted for each
sub-section.
All indicators, instruments, relays, control switches, push-buttons, fuses and other ancillary apparatus shall be provided
with labels clearly stating their function. All compartments within the switchboards and panels shall be similarly
identified.
All label inscriptions shall be to the approval of the Engineer.
Labels fitted to the front of the switchboards/control panels/starters shall be sandwich type white/black/white;
yellow/black/yellow for warning and red/white/red for danger labels or as approved by the Engineer.
All labels shall be fixed square to the equipment by means of screws or rivets of nylon or non-corrodible material. Labels
affixed with adhesive will not be accepted.
C.5.12 Control Panel Cabling
Control wiring shall be 600 volt grade tri-rated heat resistant PVC insulated multi-stranded copper wire to BS 6231. The
minimum size shall be 1.5 mm² stranded conductor.
Conductor colours shall be:
i) 400 VOLT:
e. Red Phase: Red
f. White Phase: White or yellow
g. Blue Phase: Blue
h. Neutral: Black
i. Earthing: Green/Yellow
ii) 220 VOLTS AC:
j. Control Active Red or brown
k. Neutral: Black or light blue
iii) 24 VOLTS AC:
l. Control Active: Purple
m. Common Purple
iii) 24 VOLTS DC:
n. Positive: Purple
o. Negative: Purple
iv) Instrumentation:
p. 4 to 20 mA Loop: White, or screened cables with white/black pairs
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

All terminals shall be referenced and detailed on the schematic diagram to be submitted under the Specification
requirements. Each cable core shall be identified with interlocking ferrules of white PVC with black identification
numbers/letters at each end of the cable core.
It shall be possible to safely gain access to any terminal of any component so as to be able to remove and replace the
wire from that terminal without recourse to special tools, and without the need to disturb other components.
All wiring shall be neatly run bunched in neat forms. All wiring accessories of plastic material, such as cleats, conduits,
strapping, etc., shall be non-corrodible and resistant to flame propagation.
Crimped pin extensions shall be fitted to all control circuit cables to prevent wandering strands before being inserted into
Klippon type terminal blocks.
Cabling shall enter the panel from below with front or rear access as required. Cables shall be easily glanded using
external boxes or internal gland plates. Cable glands shall be used for all external wiring entering panels, boxes or remote
equipment. The cable entry point into the gland shall be sufficiently sealed to prevent the ingress of dust etc.
All the glands shall be supplied by the Contractor and shall be of the brass compression pattern so designed that any
strain on the cable is taken by the steel wire armouring. The glands shall incorporate watertight seals on both inner and
outer sheaths and have a separate armour clamping ring to ensure a good mechanical connection for the earth continuity
path. The glands shall be secured with heavy duty locknuts and the whole assembly is to be protected by an overall
plastic sleeve, suitably sealed to prevent atmospheric attack.
Glands fitted to unthreaded gland or adaptor plates, non-metallic equipment, or where specified for circuits likely to pass
high fault currents, shall include a brass earthing tag and connections arranged to effectively bond the gland body and
gland plate via a protective conductor to an effective earth point within the panel.
Where necessary cable tray work shall be provided for supporting and fixing cables and full glanding and terminating
equipment and facilities shall be provided. Gland plates shall be mounted not less than 150 mm above the cubicle
bottom. It shall be possible to terminate all cables without requiring access to live interiors. Sufficient space shall be
allowed between gland plate and the cable termination point without recourse to bending large cables (above 16 mm²).
Primary cabling shall be completely isolated from all control wiring, etc. and auxiliary terminals shall be likewise isolated
from primary terminals.
All terminal boards and terminal blocks shall be of a type providing a positive mechanical clamp on connection.
Terminals for the connection of all external cabling shall be situated near their respective gland plate and at minimum
distance of 300 mm from it. For large cables (above 16 mm²) the termination shall be so placed as to not require the
bending of the cable to enter the termination.
Separate terminals shall be provided for incoming and outgoing connections and not more than two wires shall be
connected to any one terminal.
C.5.13 LV Distribution Switch Gear
Switches
Switches shall be of the air break pattern, enclosed in zinc sprayed heavy duty, cast metal or sheet steel cases suitable
for industrial surface mounting or flush cubicle mounting as specified.
Switches shall be rated in accordance with BS 5419 or BS EN 60947-3:1992 and be fitted with solid or HRC fuse links
as appropriate in each phase and a neutral link, all contained within the switch case, with the terminals accessible from
the front of the switch. Phase barriers and contact shrouds shall be provided with an interlock to prevent withdrawal or
access when the fuse switch is in the `ON' position.
Each switch shall have a free handle control mechanism to prevent inching and damage to contacts, be fitted with `ON'
and `OFF' position indicators and have provision for locking in the `OFF' position. When padlocked in the `OFF'
position, interlocks shall prevent the unit door being opened.
The moving contacts of fuse switches shall be readily withdrawable as a complete unit for maintenance when the
remainder of the board is live.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Distribution Fuseboards
Fuseboard cases shall be of rust proofed, zinc sprayed, heavy gauge sheet steel, having a flush fronted door with
concealed hinges and a resilient sealing gasket.
The interior shall be assembled from all-insulated shrouded fuse carriers and bases of the 440V pattern, fitted with phase
dividing barriers and all live parts being fully shrouded.
Circuit identification charts shall be fitted to the inside of all fuseboard doors.
All fuse carriers shall be fitted with fuse-links of the same current rating as the carrier, unless different current ratings
are called for under the specific requirements. The Contractor shall however confirm fuse ratings with the Engineer
before fitting fuses to the carriers.
Fuse-links shall be of the HRC cartridge type to BS 88, Class Q1, having screw fixings to the carriers.
Moulded Case Circuit Breakers
Moulded case circuit breakers shall be of the quick make, quick break, trip-free type complying with BS 4752 or BS EN
60947-2:1992 and shall be complete with thermal/magnetic releases, except for those units serving as isolators only.
Multi-pole breakers shall be a common trip bar and trip elements on each pole to ensure that any abnormal condition on
any one pole will cause all poles to open simultaneously.
Visual indication of open, close and trip conditions shall be provided and where specified padlocking facilities in the
`OFF' position shall also be provided.
Miniature Circuit Breakers
Miniature circuit breakers shall be of the quick make, quick break, trip-free type complying with BS 3781 Part 1 and BS
EN 60439 Part 12, or EN 60439:1991, for distribution boards. Circuit breakers shall be complete with thermal /
magnetic or magnetic/hydraulic releases. Multi-pole breakers shall have a common trip bar and trip elements on each
pole to ensure that any abnormal condition on any pole will cause all poles to open simultaneously.
Visual indication of open, close and trip conditions shall be provided, and where specified padlocking facilities in the
`OFF' position shall also be provided.
Distribution MCB Boards
Miniature circuit breaker distribution boards shall be totally enclosed, metal clad, flush fronted units, with a hinged front
door, all in accordance with BS 4649. The interior shall be assembled from all-insulated miniature circuit breakers with
bolted connections and with switch dollies arranged for vertical operation. Phase dividing barriers shall be provided and
all live parts shall be screened from the front. Circuit identification charts shall be fitted to the inside of all distribution
boards.
Circuit Lists
A list of circuits in approved form shall be supplied and fixed behind a "Perspex" sheet on the inside of all distribution
boards which are provided or rewired under this Contract.
The draft lists together with a "Perspex" envelope shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval before the final
copies are prepared.
Residual Current Circuit Breakers
The circuit breaker shall be arranged to isolate each live conductor simultaneously within 30 ms if the residual leakage
current through the device exceeds 30 mA.
The circuit breaker shall be housed separately or incorporated into other composite enclosures, include provision for
testing the tripping operation under earth leakage conditions by means of a built-in resistor and push button, and require
manual resetting.
C.5.14 Electrical Installation
General
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

The electrical installation shall comply with the current edition of the Regulations for Electrical Installations published
by the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE Wiring Regulations) and the requirements specified herein where these
differ from the IEE Wiring Regulations.
The installation shall be arranged in a neat and orderly manner which may involve running out of direct lines in order to
conform to building outlines etc, and to utilise any holes provided in the structure for cabling purposes. Unnecessary
crossing of cables will not be accepted and due care should be given to this when selecting runs. Each cable shall be in
one continuous length and no straight through joints will be permitted except as agreed with the Engineer.
It shall be the entire responsibility of the Contractor to programme the whole of his work to ensure that the various parts
of the electrical installation are executed at the proper stages of the construction.
HV power cables shall be 3800/6600 volt grade, copper conductored XLPE insulated, multi-core armoured, PVC
sheathed.
LV power cables shall be 600/1000 volt grade, copper conductored PVC and/or XLPE insulated multi-core and single-
core armoured PVC sheathed.
Cables up to 10 mm2 shall be PVC insulated. Cables of 16 mm2 and above shall be XLPE insulated.
Cable types and relevant standards are as follows:
ii) Cross linked polyethylene cables shall have stranded, copper conductors with cross linked
polyethylene insulation. Multi core cables shall be laid up in an extruded bedding, single wire
armoured and sheathed overall with PVC, to BS 5467 (XLPE/SWA/PVC type);
i) Single core cables shall have aluminium wire armour;
ii) PVC armoured cables shall have stranded copper conductors with extruded PVC
insulation, PVC sheathed, single wire armoured and sheathed overall with PVC
(PVC/SWA/PVC type). Cables shall be in accordance with BS 6346;
iii) PVC insulated wiring cables shall be 450/750 volt grade single core stranded copper
conductors PVC insulated to BS 6004 (PVC wiring type);
iv) Telephone cables shall be thermoplastic insulated multi-pair cables having twisted pairs
of copper conductors (telephone type);
v) Instrumentation cables shall be polyethylene insulated copper conductors with twisted
individual pairs screened, polyethylene bedded, steel wire armoured and PVC sheathed
overall, all in accordance with BS 5308 Part 1 Type 2. Conductors shall be 0.5 mm²
stranded 16/ 0.2 mm (PE/IS/SWA/PVC type);
vi) Earth and bonding cables shall have stranded copper conductors PVC insulated and
sheathed (PVC/PVC type);
vii) Flexible cables shall have stranded, tinned copper, flexible conductors, EP rubber
insulated and CSP sheathed all in accordance with BS 6007 (flexible type);
viii) Flame retardant cables shall be EP rubber insulated, tinned copper conductors in a CSP
sheath, braided with galvanised steel wire (single cores having phosphor bronze wire) and
protected with a CSP sheath overall, generally in accordance with BS 6883.
Cable insulation shall be coloured follows. Both ends of each cable core shall be identified where applicable with black
numbering on a white background PVC interlocking ferrule.
Phase: Red, Yellow, Blue
Neutral: Black
Earth: Green or Green/Yellow
Live (single phase circuits): Red or Brown
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Neutral (single phase circuits): Black or Light Blue

DC Circuits: Grey
Care should be taken that servings and sheathings of cables are not damaged during installation. Should any part be
damaged, the damage shall be made good to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer. Under no circumstances should
cables be allowed to bend less than 8 times their diameter.
At all points where cables rise into the floor mounted equipment, the vertical portion of the cable shall be securely cleated
to the metalwork of the equipment in a neat manner to ensure that the cables are properly supported and that no undue
strain is put on the cable, the cable termination or the Plant. Where vibration or expansion is a consideration, adequate
precautions and vibration loops shall be made at the appropriate position.
Cables entering cubicles provided with sealed covers of timber or sheet steel shall be accommodated by drilling or
dividing the covers with clearance holes as necessary to allow the cable to pass through and be terminated at glands or
gland plates provided within such cubicles, so that the covers when replaced prevent entry of dust, vermin and insects.
Selection of Cable Runs
The route and arrangement of all cables and the position of equipment and wiring points shall be marked out on site by
the Contractor and agreed by the Engineer before any work is put in hand. Where cable routes have been agreed, the
Contractor shall be entirely responsible for measuring the lengths of cable to be ordered and ensuring that the cables are
supplied in the correct length.
All cables shall be armoured. Cable warning tapes shall be laid immediately over the line of the cables buried in the
ground and at 300 mm below ground level. Cable route markers shall be supplied at every 30 m along cable runs and at
changes of direction.
Armoured cables other than those laid in the ground shall be suspended on cable racks, cable tray, cleats or cable hangers
supplied under this Contract which shall be arranged for bolting to steelwork, brickwork or concrete as required. Lighting
and small power cables shall be protected by conduit or trunking as appropriate.
Where cables are run on open surfaces and exposed to the sun a metal shield shall be fitted over them. Similarly where
cables are run up walls they shall be suitably mechanically protected to a height of 2 m above ground or floor level.
Lighting and Small Power
Lighting and small power distribution boards shall comply with the relevant parts of BS EN 60439. They shall be
complete with incoming isolation switches and circuit breakers as required. The distribution boards shall generally be
three phase and neutral type (TP & N). Enclosures shall have a minimum protection of IP 54.
Lighting installations shall be designed to give the following light levels after 2000 hours of operation and assuming a
0.8 maintenance factor (figures shown are the average Lux levels):
i) External Areas 50
ii) Pump houses and other operational buildings 150
iii) Offices 300
iv) Light values on faces of MCC's/ control panels 300
Light fittings shall comply with all relevant British Standards. Fluorescent tube fittings shall be of the switch start type
complete with all separate control gear for each lamp and be complete with a capacitor to ensure that the power factor is
a minimum of 0.85. Fluorescent fittings shall have a glass reinforced plastic (GRP) body and acrylic diffuser and be
suitable for installation in a tropical climate. All fittings shall have a minimum enclosure protection of IP 54.
Weatherproof fittings shall have minimum degree of protection to IP 55.
Bulkhead fittings where used shall be suitable for industrial installations and have a minimum degree of protection of IP
55.
Self-contained luminaires to provide emergency lighting in accordance with BS 5266 shall incorporate two fluorescent
tubes as appropriate and a maintenance free nickel cadmium battery, capable of preserving the light output for a period
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

of 3 hours without mains supply, together with an automatic recharging circuit with a monitoring indicator to restore the
charge within 24 hours. The units shall not be damaged by mains outages exceeding 3 hours. The units shall be of the
non-maintained type. Where there is normally sufficient daylight, the emergency lights shall be controlled by a photo-
electric unit to inhibit their operation in daylight.
Lighting within pump halls and other large indoor areas shall be by high bay luminaires incorporating suitably rated
SON/T lamps. Luminaire bodies shall be of enamelled sheet steel, reflectors shall be of high purity aluminium.
Outdoor building floodlights shall comprise a corrosion resistant wall mounting bracket with a lamp fitting having a
minimum ingress protection rating of IP 55. The fitting shall be equipped with a suitably rated SON/T lamp and integral
control gear.
Roadway light fittings shall be of the side entry type with semi-cut off light distribution, and be equipped with a suitably
rated SON/T lamp. The fitting shall be mounted on a folding 5 metre column incorporating a single bracket arm, burial
root, fuse cut out and control gear. The column material shall be hot dipped galvanised mild steel. The upper section
may only be lowered by use of a specially designed device to assist the operation. At least one lowering device shall be
provided.
Electric crane installations shall be suitable for operation from a 400 V 3 phase 50 Hz AC supply. Electric motors shall
be of the high torque type. Control gear, isolators, etc. shall be housed in a suitable dust-proof and weatherproof
enclosure. The crane cross conductor system shall comprise a multi-core PVC insulated and PVC sheathed flexible cable
festooned on free running ball bearing trolleys running in a rigid box section track fixed to the crane beam.
Cables for staff housing shall be PVC insulated with PVC sheath and copper earth conductor, complying with BS 6004,
for cables below 16 mm². The cables shall be clipped to walls/ceilings or battens as appropriate. Cables of 16 mm² and
above shall be to BS 5467.
Fused spur units shall be double pole 13 A switched type in surface mounted metal-clad boxes suitable for industrial
installation and complying fully with BS 1362.
Socket outlets in offices and control rooms shall be twin 13 A switched types in surface mounted metal-clad boxes
suitable for industrial installation and complying fully with BS 1363. Elsewhere 13 Amp switched socket outlets shall
be iron-clad with screw cap cover.
All switches shall be water and dust sealed suitable to provide a reliable installation in the environment of a water
treatment works. The switches shall be of heavy duty design to match the switched sockets specified above and shall
not be less than 20 Amp rated.
Light switches shall be 20 Amp rated with required number of gangs and ways in a surface mounted metal-clad box
suitable for industrial installation and complying fully with BS 3676 or BS EN 60669-1:1996.
Weatherproof light switches are to have a minimum degree of protection of IP 55.
All equipment shall be securely fixed and mounted.
C.5.15 Installation Requirements
General
Equipment shall be located so that it will be readily accessible for operation and maintenance by personnel of average
height and build and without requiring special tools or equipment.
Voltage drop shall be allowed for, in determining the size of power cable and conductors. The volt drop between the
main switchboard and the terminals at the load end of each final sub-circuit shall not exceed 3.5%.
Cables
Cable Installation - General
All cables shall be installed, terminated and tested in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and recommendations
with particular regard to:
i) Size and type of terminals;
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

ii) Dies and compression devices;

iii) Jointing and sealing compounds and boxes; and
iv) Bending radii.
Cabling not on cable ladder shall be installed in conduit as specified unless shown as direct buried.
Unless otherwise approved cables shall be installed in concealed spaces. Exposed cabling or conduits shall not be
installed on the exterior walls of buildings.
Cables shall be carefully installed to ensure that the insulation is not damaged nor is likely to be damaged in service.
Cables shall be installed without en-route joints.
Cables to be installed in underground pipe ducts or conduits shall be drawn in such that the cable is not damaged either
by excessive mechanical strain, abrasion or severing of insulation.
During drawing-in, rollers shall be placed in cable pits to ensure smooth movement and that changes of direction are
accomplished with radii not less than the minimum bending radius recommended by the cable manufacturer. Attachment
of the cable(s) to the drawing rope shall be by suitable hooks or cum-a-longs, together with a swivel coupling to prevent
damage to the cable.
Generally, cables shall be routed to outside plant locations via underground pipe ducts, trenches and/or individual pipe
conduits. Within trenches and buildings and on or within structures, groups or cable shall be run on cable support
systems.
Power cables shall not be run in the same conduit, duct or tray as control, instrument or programmable Controller signal
cables.
The location of cables and conduits is dependent upon the final equipment and fittings to be installed and shall take due
account of the final termination points of all equipment and structural/architectural and mechanical limitations.
Underground cable routes shall be identified over the entire length by orange PVC "Terra Tape" or approved equal.
In addition concrete markers shall be firmly installed at ground level at any change in direction of cables or at every
100m in a straight run. The blocks shall be complete with non-rusting metal arrows indicating the direction(s) and
whether cables are HV or LV.
Effectively seal all openings, ducts, trenches, cable ways or the like made for the entry of electrical conduits and cables
through external walls of buildings, with an approved weatherproof concrete grout, and for those through internal walls
of buildings, with a weak mix concrete or by other prior approved means.
All openings are to be made weatherproof by the installation, if necessary, of flashing and/or rain hoods to prevent the
entry of water, driving rain and/or water seepage.
There shall be no more than 1 conductor per screw or tunnel type terminal.
Each end of every conductor shall be terminated with a suitable crimped type terminal.
Crimping of terminals shall be done strictly in accordance with instructions supplied by the manufacturer of the crimped
terminals selected for the job.
TPS cable shall not be used in any area that will normally expose the cable to view or damage without being enclosed
in conduit. Above false ceilings, in masonry blocks, wall cavities, etc., TPS cable may be installed without additional
mechanical protection. Where it is necessary to conceal TPS cable in plaster, mortar or cement, conduit shall be used to
facilitate the enclosure and protection of the cable. TPS cable shall only be used for lighting and general purpose power
within the drive train offices.
Power cables associated with VFD drives shall be segregated by a minimum of 300mm from 24VDC and
instrumentation cabling.
Cables installed on ladder forming part of multi cable parallel three (3) phase circuits shall be spaced to prevent de-rating.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Cable Installation - In Trenches

Trenching for direct-in-ground cable installation shall be neatly excavated to a depth sufficient for LV cables to greater
than 600mm below surface level and HV cables 750mm below surface level or the minimum required by local standards.
The bottom of the trench shall be cleared of rock, stones and other material which could damage the cable. A 50 mm
sand bedding layer shall then be placed in the bottom of the trench. Following laying of the cable it shall be covered
with a layer of sand or approved selected fine filling to a depth of 50mm above the cable. PVC or concrete slabs shall
then be placed. A PVC marker tape shall be placed 150mm above the PVC slabs.
After cable laying and slabbing has been approved, backfilling shall be compacted in layers to a density similar to the
surrounding soil. A period of at least two weeks shall be allowed for natural settlement, after which the ground surface
shall be reinstated to the original level. All excess soil shall be removed from site.
Cables installed direct buried underground forming part of multi cable parallel three (3) phase circuits shall have a
minimum gap of 150mm between circuits for de-rating purposes.
Cable and Core Identification
Approved tags shall be used for cable identification at both ends of cables near cable glands and in each cable pit. Each
core of control cables shall be identified at all terminals by slip on ferrule type markers. Coding shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer.
Allowance shall be made for up to 13 alphanumeric digits.
The cable code number shall be attached using Critchley type K markers on a carrier strip with alpha numeric designation
or equivalent.
Alternatively approved heat shrink markers may be used. Heath shrink markers must be heat shrunk to the core and
must provide a digit of at least 2.0mm height when fully shrunk.
Every code number shall be clearly visible and accessible.
Cable Glands
Cable glands shall comply with BS 4121 "Mechanical Cable Glands".
Compression type cable glands as manufactured by `CMP' or approved equivalent shall be provided to accommodate
the entry of all power, control and instrument signal cables at each enclosure.
Where ever possible cable glands and cable entry to enclosures shall be at the bottom. Unless otherwise approved, cables
shall enter outdoor cubicles at the bottom.
Cable glands shall provide a moisture proof seal onto the cables sheathing. Glands shall be correctly sized to suit the
particular cable in each instance. When fitting to armoured cables, cable glands shall be provided with a swaged end to
produce a completely captive armour lock assembly. When required for earthing purposes, cable glands shall be
provided with slip-on earth tags.
Conduits
General
Generally all conduits shall be installed on the `draw-in loop in' system. No wires shall be installed until all conduits are
in place. Where cabling requires mechanical protection then metallic conduit shall be used or PVC conduits shall be
mechanically protected to approval.
No conduit less than 20mm shall be installed for any part of the installation.
All conduits shall have a minimum spare space capacity of 25% for future additions except where otherwise specified.
Conduits shall be installed in such a manner to allow easy draw-in and replacement of cables; draw-in boxes shall be
used where necessary to enable draw in for long runs of cables and shall not exceed spacing of 20m. A draw wire shall
be installed in each conduit. The draw wire shall be tagged as such.
Wherever inaccessible or concealed conduits change direction, the conduit shall be set with as large a radius as
practicable.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Single conduit runs shall have their ends bushed via nylon bushings wherever cables exit onto neighbouring cable trays
or to enclosures.
All screws or fastenings used for fixing conduit saddles shall be plated or galvanised.
Conduit saddles shall be two holed and finished to match the conduit. Saddles shall be provided within 150 mm of
fittings and terminations.
An appropriate approved conduit coupling arrangement shall be provided and suitably fixed to conduits crossing
structural expansion joints. Approved expansion joints shall be fitted at appropriate intervals along straight sections of
conduit.
All conduits shall be run concealed wherever possible in wall cavities, roof spaces, floor slabs and masonry walls.
All elbows and tees shall be of the inspection type.
Conduit shall be continuous and shall enclose the cables over the entire route length inclusive of changes in route
direction.
Rigid PVC Conduits and Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe
Rigid PVC Conduit and fittings shall be of high impact strength heavy duty type. All fittings and accessories shall be
secured with an approved solvent cementing compound. Screwed joints shall not be permitted.
Rigid PVC conduits will not be permitted in the following locations, unless otherwise specified:
i) Where exposed to mechanical damage;
ii) Where exposed to direct sunlight;
iii) Where subject to an ambient or contact temperature exceeding 60°C or below 5°C;
iv) Where buried in concrete slabs without the knowledge of the Engineer.
Rigid PVC conduit shall be installed so as to enable cables to be `drawn-in' after erection and junction boxes are to be
provided for this purpose.
Rigid PVC conduit shall be securely fastened with two-hole saddles at a maximum spacing of 460 mm, where necessary
to eliminate sagging in the conduit additional saddles shall be provided. Where rigid PVC conduit is installed across
rafter or joists in roof spaces, it shall be fastened to the side of a timber batten.
Where any straight section of rigid PVC conduit exceeds 3800 mm in length, an approved expansion joint shall be
provided for each 3800 mm or part thereof along the entire length of the straight section. Conduit clips shall be installed
so as to allow the conduit to move freely, longitudinally, while expanding or contracting.
All sets and bends in rigid PVC conduit shall be made using approved internal springs of correct size to prevent wall
collapse. Conduits in which any collapse of walls is evident will not be accepted and shall be replaced
Thermoplastic pressure pipe and fittings shall be category "A", heavy duty, rigid uPVC tubing suitable for plain
connections.
Thermoplastic pressure pipe shall be installed in accordance with the requirements for rigid PVC conduit.
Flexible Conduits
PVC sheathed flexible metallic conduit shall be used for final connections to plant devices subject to vibration or where
mechanical protection is required. The flexible metallic conduits shall be complete with oil-tight, water proof end
fittings. Where cables are required to enter an enclosure via cable glands, the flexible conduit end fittings shall be
attached via a bracket secured to the device or nearby structure at a short distance from the cable gland.
A sufficient length of flexible conduit and cable shall be positioned and mounted where applicable to permit the
positional adjustment of equipment without electrical disconnection or same, as for example, for adjustment no-flow
limit switches and the like.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Flexible PVC hose shall be used to enclose buildings wire between rigid PVC or metallic conduit and final devices, egg.
switches, generally power outlets, light fittings, etc. Screw in hose fittings shall be used to terminate the PVC hose at
the conduit and final device.

Metal Conduits
Metallic conduits are generally not acceptable without approval of the Engineer.
Surface Conduit Installation
Conduit run on the surface and exposed to view shall be run parallel to walls, doors and structural members. The conduits
shall be symmetrically set and evenly spaced with sufficient saddles to eliminate sagging.
All elbows, tees, draw-in boxes and other fittings shall be of the inspection type and shall be securely fixed individually.
Underground Conduit Installation
All underground pipe conduits to be installed by the Contractor shall be heavy duty uPVC electrical duct pipe, unless
otherwise specified.
All underground conduits shall be arranged for drawing in of cables after assembly. Changes of direction shall be
accomplished wherever practicable by large radius setting of the pipe rather than by the use of fittings.
Where block-outs are provided in concrete structures for conduit entry these are to be grouted after all conduits are in
place.
All underground conduit joints shall be effectively sealed against entry of water or moisture.
All spare conduits and ducts are to be effectively plugged and sealed. An approved draw cord shall be left in each conduit
for the pulling of future cables.
The Contractor shall determine the location of existing services, mark the proposed location of excavation and obtain
the Engineer's written approval prior to proceeding with excavation.
All cable trenches shall be backfilled with excavated soil and shall be restored to original condition with the addition of
topsoil to a depth of 50 mm and reseeded where appropriate. All excess spoil and other excavated material shall be
removed by the Contractor from the site. Concrete or bitumen surfaces shall be reinstated to the same standard or better
as surrounding surfaces. Tie rods shall be used to fix new concrete with existing concrete.
Conduits Cast In Concrete
Conduit cast-in-situ shall be securely fixed to the steel reinforcement with heavy binding wire to prevent the movement
of the conduit during the pouring and vibrating of the concrete.
The open ends of conduit shall be closed with end caps as soon as they are installed and all boxes not provided with
cover plates shall be suitably sealed to prevent the ingress of concrete, etc., and so arranged that they may easily be
located.
Draw-in boxes shall not be installed (except for grid systems) in the floor surface but shall be diverted to columns or
walls nearby as necessary.
Standard robust wall boxes of the pressed steel type shall be used, as required, for installing flush with the structural
surface, for recessed conduit installations, together where necessary with an approved manufactured steel or bakelite
cover plate as required fitted with brass screws.
Elbows and tees shall not be used.
Conduit cast into slabs shall be:
i) Strictly located so that structural strength is not affected;
ii) Located so that the placement of the reinforcement is not affected;
iii) Placed so that each conduit is at least 20 mm above formwork, 20 mm below surface and spaced by
diameter of largest conduit.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Concealed Conduit
Conduit recessed in walls shall be fixed in chases cut in the brickwork to a depth to permit a full 10 mm covering of
cement and sand before plastering.
Concealed conduits recessed in walls shall be secured in position where necessary by crampets driven into wooden plugs.
Conduits to be installed in fair faced brick walls without cavity shall be accurately installed in the centre of the wall area
before brickworks are commenced. It will be the responsibility of the bricklayer to cut bricks to clear the conduit.
Cable Ladder and Cable Tray
The Contractor shall supply and install the cable trays and ladders with all the necessary bends, raisers, reducers,
expansion joints and other fittings as required.
Cable ladder and trays shall be manufactured from hot dipped galvanised steel.
Cable ladder and trays shall be supported on galvanised steel brackets having a material thickness of 6 mm minimum.
Cable ladder and trays and ladders shall have supports at not more than 2 metre centres and intermediate supports at
joint. Where brackets are used to support cable trays and ladders, they shall be spaced such that the loaded cable tray
and ladder does not deflect more than 5 mm.
All cable trays and ladder fittings, brackets, bolts, nuts and washers shall be hot dipped galvanised steel and shall match
the cable tray and ladder type in use.
Where cable trays and ladders have been cut or damaged during erection, the resulting exposed metal shall be cold
galvanised treated and suitably painted to prevent corrosion.
All cable ladder and trays exposed to sunlight shall be fitted with lids of similar material. All lids shall be peaked.
Cables laid in cable ladder and trays, shall be arranged to minimise cross-overs and shall be secured at frequent intervals
by means of approved metal cable straps of adequate size and strength for the cables involved.
Cable ladders and trays shall be sized to allow for a minimum spare capacity of 50% for future additions.
Junction Boxes
Weatherproof junction boxes shall be of aluminium (10 gauge) or rigid UV stabilised impact resistant plastic, unless
otherwise specified.
The enclosure shall be water and dust tight to IP55 to AS 1939 and shall be complete with threaded cable entries.
Adaptor plates with moulded threaded entries to suit screw-in cable glands shall be provided for junction boxes with
knockout type cable entries.
Junction boxes shall contain a set of moulded block rail mounted tunnel terminals numbered from 01 upwards.
Total number of terminals shall be 25% in excess of the number of incoming cable cores.
Adequate space shall be available within the junction box enclosures to accommodate all wiring including possible future
connections.
Mechanical Protection
The Contractor shall supply and install approved mechanical protection on all electrical equipment and cabling installed
as part of this Contract under the following conditions:
i) When mounted within 1.5m above a floor or access platform;
ii) Where subject to damage during normal plant operation and maintenance;
iii) On which scaffolding and/or planks may be placed, or which may be used as means of access for
abnormal plant maintenance;

iv) When and as directed by the Engineer.

 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Conduits and/or cables (other than single core cables) requiring mechanical protection shall be installed in galvanised
steel pipe or other prior approved means.
Sheet metal covers installed to provide mechanical protection of equipment shall be constructed to withstand the shock
loading likely to occur in the area. They shall be constructed of minimum 14 gauge galvanised steel material.
Sheet metal covers installed to provide mechanical protection of equipment shall be constructed so as to totally enclose
such electrical equipment and associated conduits and/or cables.
Any device installed for the mechanical protection of conduits and/or cable shall be free of burrs and sharp edges.
Additional bushing, sleeving or other prior approved means shall be provided as required to ensure adequate bending
radius and to prevent conduit and/or cable damage.
All conduit and cable runs shall be separately grouped where possible, and all supports, brackets, saddles and clips spaced
so that no appreciable sag occurs in such conduits and cables.
Fixings shall be installed at spacings which ensure that the runs remain straight, and in every case the distance between
such fixing shall not exceed one metre.
Where three or more conduit or cable runs are separately grouped together, they shall be mounted on suitable sized
conduit racks, cable trays or ladders as applicable. Single or double runs may be fixed direct to walls or supporting
structures. Holes shall not be drilled through the flanges of RSJs or channels and shall be located to the Engineer's
approval.
Conduits and cable shall be supported by saddles, cleats or other prior approved means so that no weight is taken by
conduit terminations or cable glands, and so that no force is exerted on core terminations.
Supports for cable trays, ladders and conduit racks shall be fastened using "Terrier" anchors or other prior approved
means.
Brackets and Fixings
All necessary brackets for mounting of equipment wiring systems, etc, shall be provided by the Contractor. In general
brackets shall be fabricated from mild steel sections or plate of adequate size and thickness and shall be hot dipped
galvanised after completion of fabrication and drilling.
Fixings shall be by means of galvanised bolts, nuts and washers. Fixings into brickwork or concrete shall be by means
of galvanised expansion bolts excepting that plastic plugs with stainless steel screws or locking pins may be used for
securing conduit saddles. All holes for fixings shall be neatly drilled to the correct size and depth. Explosive powered
fixings shall not be used.
Fixings to structural steel shall be in the form of the clamping to webs, rails, etc. Drilling or welding of structural steel
members will not be permitted.
Wall and Slab Penetrations
Unless specifically shown on the Contract Drawings, the Contractor shall be responsible for providing all wall and slab
penetrations required to complete the work of this Contract. All wall and slab penetrations shall be approved by the
Engineer prior to proceeding and the penetrations shall be neatly finished and flashed to match the surrounding surface.
Where openings are shown or required to be made in concrete structures, the Contractor shall employ methods approved
by the Engineer which do not damage or distress the neighbouring concrete or fixtures. Openings shall not be larger
than required for the proper execution of the works.
Reinforcement shall be cut back to provide 15 mm minimum cover from the face of permanent openings. Where
openings are to be subsequently filled reinforcement shall not be cut without the permission of the Engineer. Additional
reinforcement shall be provided at large openings as shown or as directed by the Engineer.
Labels
All equipment and devices shall be labelled with approved labels unless otherwise specified. Indoor labels shall be
engraved laminated plastic (egg. traffolyte) with black letters on a white background and outdoor labels shall be engraved
aluminium or stainless steel. Warning notices shall be white letters on red background.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Labels shall be provided for all items of equipment and control devices including instruments, relays, fuses, terminals
and switches and shall include device references shown on circuit diagrams and fuse-link current ratings. Marking shall
include labels for each control, indication, circuit designation and rating, protection devices, current-limiting fuses,
warning notices for operational and maintenance personnel, and the like. Labels and warning signs shall be provided to
the supply authority requirements.
Each label shall be located such that it is visible from a normal observing position and clearly associated with the
component, or group of components it identifies. Where practicable, labels shall be positioned immediately below the
component. Where there is access to rear connections of a panel mounted component, an additional label shall be affixed
to the rear of the panel, to carry the code letters or reference symbol of the component.
Each plug-socket outlet, circuit breaker circuit, light switch and light fitting shall be fitted with a laminated plastic label
engraved with the circuit number.
Labels shall be screw-fixed adjacent to its relevant item of equipment, but not to the equipment.
Lettering height shall generally not be less than the following:
i) Designation: 15 mm
ii) Main switches: 10 mm
iii) Feeder control switches: 10 mm
iv) Identifying labels: 5 mm
v) Equipment labels within cubicle/panels: 3 mm
vi) Warning notices: 5 mm
C.5.16 Earthing and Bonding
General
The earthing for all equipment and the provision of earthing systems, electrodes and connection shall be in accordance
with the recommendations in the “Guide for safety in substation grounding” IEEE No. 80 – 1986 and the requirements
of IEC 62305, BS 7430 and this Section.
Extent of Work
The Contractor will be required to prepare installation drawings and schedules of material to be provided. These drawings
and schedules shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval together with calculations of step, touch and mesh
potentials.
Design of Earthing Systems
The Contractor shall submit a preliminary design for the earthing systems for approval. This shall include measurement
of soil resistivity, calculations of resistance, potentials and current ratings for current flowing into or out of the ground.
The earth shall also be connected by 70mm2 copper conductors to the isolators, and substations.
Earthing points shall be provided such that the combined resistance of all earthing points does not exceed five 5 ohm
under any climatic condition.
Resistance of electrodes to earth and continuity of earth networks shall be demonstrated to the Engineer after installation
has been completed.
Earthing Points
The number of earthing points necessary shall be verified by site earth resistivity tests after the signing of the contract.
Earthing points: each shall consist of not less than four and not more than eight 16mm diameter copper rod electrodes,
each 1.8 meters and driven or drilled into undisturbed ground at spacing of not less than the length of the rods. Each
electrode shall be complete with approved non-ferrous clamps for the connection of earthing conductors and with a
hardened steel tip and cap for driving by means of a power hammer.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Earthing of Equipment
The tanks of transformers and frames of all electrical apparatus shall be connected to earthing electrodes. All
disconnected bases, earth terminals, transformer neutral points, and surge arrester bases shall be connected to earth
electrodes. Surge arresters installed for the protection of transformers shall be connected by direct low reactance paths
both to the transformer tank and the transformer station earth electrodes.
Disconnected operating mechanisms and controls not integral with the circuit breaker shall be connected to earth.
All metalwork associated with the electrical installation but not forming part of a live conductor, including exposed
conductive parts and extraneous conductive parts, shall be solidly and effectively bonded and earthed in accordance with
the codes and regulations.
Jointing and Bonding
Connections to plant shall be made using the earthing terminals. Stranded earthing conductors shall be terminated with
sweated or crimped cable lugs.
All buried splices and connections shall be carried out by brazing or by an approved method of exothermic welding. Any
such brazed or welded connections shall be subject to the examination and approval of the Engineer prior to back filling
of the trenches.
Main Earth Terminal Bars
A solid copper main earthing terminal bar shall be provided in the switchroom of each substation. The earth terminal bar
shall be located in an approved position near the main incoming switch or switchboard.
The main earthing terminal bars shall be for the connection of the circuit protective conductors, the main equipotential
bonding conductors and the earthing conductors to create the equipotential zone. The main earthing terminal bars shall
be connected to the earth via groups of electrodes and earthing conductors.
Main earth terminal bars shall be of copper bar not less than 50 x 10 mm in cross section, and shall be mounted
approximately 400 mm above floor level. All connections of earthing cables to the main earth bars shall be bolted, and
all earthing cables terminated with approved earthing clamps. Space shall be left on each earth bar for the future
termination of 50% additional terminations.
Each earth bar shall be secured to the wall and located in an approved manner. The Contractor shall stand the earth bars
off the wall by approximately 50mm.
Connections shall include copper disconnecting links for the purpose of testing.
Connection to Electrical Supply Authority Earthing System
If required by the electrical supply authority, the Contractor shall provide connections to the electrical supply authority
earthing system in accordance with electrical supply authority requirements. Earth links shall be provided where required
by electrical supply authority.
Equipotential Earth Bonding
Main equipotential bonding conductors shall be copper and connecting all the extraneous conductive parts of other
services within the premises to the main earthing terminal of the installation including main water and gas pipes, other
service pipe and risers and exposed metallic parts of the building structure liable to transmit a potential. Connections
shall be made as near as practicable to the point of entry of the non-electrical services into the premises concerned, and
shall be on the installation side of the possible breaks in the system, such as gas meter or water meter.
The main equipotential bonding conductors shall be connected to extraneous conductive parts of the non-electrical
services by means of a copper connector-clamp of an approved type suitable for the particular applications. All contact
surfaces shall be clean and free from non-conducting materials, such as grease or paint, before the connector-clamp is
installed.
Unless otherwise specified or shown on the Drawings, the cross section area of a main equipotential bonding conductor
shall not be less than half of the cross-sectional area of the associated earthing conductor of the installation subject to the
regulatory minimum and maximum sizes.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

Supplementary Earth Bonding

Supplementary bonding of extraneous conductive parts shall be required whenever such conductive parts are likely to
be accessible simultaneously with other extraneous conductive parts of exposed conductive parts, and are not electrically
connected to the main equipotential bonding by means of permanent and reliable metal-to-metal joints of negligible
impedance.
The supplementary bonding conductors shall be copper and connected to the extraneous or exposed conductive parts by
means of a copper connector-clamp of an approved type suitable for the application. All contact surfaces shall be clean
and free from non-conducting materials, such as grease or paint, before the connector-clamp is installed.
For conduit installations, the supplementary bonding conductors shall be terminated at the earthing terminal of the nearest
conduit box forming an integral part of the conduit installation.
Circuit Protective Conductors
Circuit protective conductors also called grounding or earthing conductors shall be formed by a separate conductor/cable,
or be part of the same cable as the associated live conductor of the wiring system. Flexible conduits, PVC conduits, the
exposed conductive parts of equipment shall not form part of the circuit protective conductors.
Circuit protective conductors shall be provided for all circuits, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Circuit
protective conductors shall be sized to the requirements of all relevant standards, codes, regulations, the electrical supply
authority, and shall provide the required earth fault clearance times.
For every socket outlet, luminaire or equipment item a separate circuit protector conductor shall be provided connecting
the earth terminal of the item to the outside of the enclosure accommodating the item.
For every length of flexible conduit, a separate circuit protective conductor shall be provided inside the conduit to ensure
the earth continuity of the installation between the two ends of the conduit.
Provision shall be made in an accessible position for disconnecting the protective conductor from the main earthing
terminal or the earth electrode to permit testing and measurement of earthing resistance.
No switching device shall be inserted in a protective conductor.
The ends of each low voltage conduit and wireway shall be connected tightly to the metallic enclosure of switchboards,
distribution boards, panel boards, machines or equipment. Jumpers shall be required at the connections of wireways and
metallic enclosures.
Where a protective conductor does not form part of a cable and is not formed by, or not contained in, steel conduit,
trunking, ducting or other metallic enclosure of a wiring system, the cross sectional area shall not be less than 2.5mm2.
Earthing for other Equipment
The power supply earthing systems shall be separate to the earth systems provided for:
i) Instrumentation and control systems to the requirements of the instrumentation and control systems
supplier;
ii) Telephone and communications systems
Labelling of Earthing System
At the main earthing terminal bars and each earth electrode, a permanent label marked with the words ”SAFETY
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION – DO NOT REMOVE” in English shall be permanently attached to the final
earthing leads connection.
In addition, individual labels shall be attached to the individual connections to the main earth terminals. These labels
shall describe each particular connection.
The size of lettering shall be 6mm and the laminations shall be green white green.
C.5.17 Structural Lightning Protection
Structural lightning protection systems shall be of the Faraday cage type with horizontal conductors on the roof structure
and down conductors on the outside walls of the structure.
 SECTION VI- SPECIFICATIONS
CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES AT
HTM NATIONAL WATER PROJECT AREA, KOROGWE, MUHEZA & PANGANI TOWNS

The horizontal conductors shall be installed along the outer perimeter of the roof ensuring that no part of the roof is more
than 9 m from the nearest horizontal conductor.
All metallic projections on or above the main surface should be bonded to and from part of the conductor network.
The number of down conductors should be decided as follows:
A structure having a base area not exceeding 100 m² may have only one down conductor. Areas exceeding 100 m² shall
have one plus one for every 300 m² or part thereof in excess of the first 100 m² or one for every 30 metres of perimeter.
Down conductors should be distributed around the outside walls of the structure.
Earth electrodes of hard-drawn copper rods with minimum dimensions of 12 mm diameter shall be driven into the ground
as close as practicable to the structure and end of the down type conductor.
The horizontal and down conductor shall be copper strip 25 mm x 3 mm.
The rods shall be installed in sections coupled by screwed connectors where necessary to penetrate the substrata of low
resistivity.
Each of these earth terminations should have a resistance to earth not exceeding the product given by 10 ohms times the
number of earth terminations to be provided.
The whole of the lightning protective system should have a combined resistance to earth not exceeding 10 ohms.
Each down conductor shall be provided with a testing joint in convenient position for testing.
The fixing clamps shall be leaded gunmetal type and fixing bolts and screws shall be phosphor-bronze.
C.5.18 Permits to Work
All switching and isolation of electrical power will be subject to the granting of a permit to work. The permits will be
issued by the Engineer in consultation with operational management at the site.

C.5.19 Test of the Installation

The whole installation shall be tested before being energized. The tests shall be conducted as stipulated by the Current
edition of the IEE Regulations and the test results recorded and submitted to the Engineer.
C.5.20 Instrumentation: Standard Requirements
General Design
All instrumentation equipment shall be designed and selected in accordance with good engineering practice and to the
relevant standards. Equipment shall be robust and reliable and require minimum maintenance. Instrument transmitters
shall be properly sited in order to facilitate ease of maintenance. Instruments shall generally be of an electro-mechanical
or electro-pneumatic design to assist fault finding and repair. The use of sophisticated electronic equipment shall be
avoided. Indicating instruments shall be fitted with linear scales and shall have a circular dial not less than 200 mm
diameter, unless particularly specified to the contrary.
Panel mounted instruments shall be flush mounted. The maximum range of indicating and recording instruments shall
be at least 25% in excess of the normal maximum indication. For flow measuring instruments where allowance for
future flow increase is specified the instrument shall be rated for the future flow.
Temperature and Humidity
All supplied equipment shall function without error over the temperature range 10°C to 50°C at a relative humidity of
over 90%.
Enclosures
Instrumentation and hardware mounted in the field shall be rated IP 55 indoors and IP 65 outdoors as a minimum. Where
a sensor is maintained below the flood line it shall be submersible. Where a unit is fitted in a panel or other enclosure, it