Quarter 1: Conic Sections

I. Circles

Standard Form →(x−h)2 +( y−k )2=r 2

General Form → x2 + y 2 + Dx+ Ey + F=0

Example 2: Determine the center and radius of each circle in general form. (G.F. to S.F.)

(a) x 2+ y 2−4 x−2 y−4=0

( x 2−4 x+ 4 ) +( y¿ ¿2−2 y+ 1)=4+ 4+1 ¿
( x 2−4 x+ 22 )+( y ¿ ¿ 2−2 y +12 )=9 ¿
2 2 2
S . F .=(x−2) +( y−1) =3
Center ( 2 , 1 ) , radius=3
Example 3: Determine the center and radius of the given circle in general form. Then draw its graph.
2 2
2 x +2 y +12 x −2 y −3=0
2 2
2 x +2 y +12 x−2 y−3=0
2
2 2 3
x + y + 6 x− y− =0
2
2 2 3
x + 6 x+ y − y=0+
2

( ( ))
2 2
2 2 −1 3 2 1
(x ¿ ¿ 2+6 x +3 )+ y −1 y + = +3 − ¿
2 2 2

( )
2
2 2 1 3 1
(x +3) + y −1 y + = + 9+
2 2 4

( )
2
1 2 43
2
(x +3) +( y− ) = =
√ 43
2 4 √4

(x +3) +( y− ) = =(
2 )
2
1
2 43 √ 43 2

2 4

The center of the circle 2 x 2+2 y 2 +12 x −2 y −3=0 is at (−3 , ) and the radius is
1 √ 43
2 2

 How to determine whether an equation represents a circle, a point circle, or has no graph.
Standard Form →(x−h)2 +( y−k )2=r 2
2 2 2
x +( y −k ) =r
2 2
x + y + Dx + Ey+ F=0
Where D=−2h , E=−2 k , F=h2+ k 2−r 2

Solving for r in terms of D , E , and F in the general form:

2 2 2
F=h +k −r
2 2 2
r =h + k −F

Example 4

Find the equation of the circle.

(a) The circle passes through the points (2, 3), (6, 1), and (4, -3).
 Activity 1: July 31, 2024
1. Write the equation of a circle in general form given its center and radius.

Center(−2 ,−4 ), radius=4

General Form → x2 + y 2 + Dx+ Ey + F=0
2 2 2
( x +2) +( y +4 ) =4
2 2
x + 4 x + 4+ y +8 y +16=16
2 2
x + 4 x + 4+ y +8 y +16−16=0
2 2
x + y + 4 x +8 y +4=0

2. Determine the center and radius of each circle in general form.

2 2
x + y −10 x+ 2 y =0

( x 2−10 x +25 ) +( y ¿¿ 2+2 y+1)=0+25+1 ¿

( x 2−10 x +52 ) +( y ¿ ¿ 2+ 2 y +12 )=26 ¿
2 2
( x−5) +( y +1) =26
2
(x−5)2 +( y +1)2=√ 26
C ( 5 ,−1 ) ,r =√ 26

Standard Form →(x−h)2 +( y−k )2=r 2

Quiz 1 :Conic Section−Circles August 5 , 2024

A. Determine the standard form of equation of the circle given its center and radius.
1. C ( 6 ,5 ) , r=8
2. C ( 0 , 8 ) , r=5
3. C (−3 ,−2 ) ,r =4
B. Determine the center and radius of each circle in general form.
1. x 2+ y 2−32=0
2. x 2+ y 2−14 x−12 y +59=0
3. x 2+ y 2−10 x+ 9 y+ 1=0
C. Determine whether each equation represents a circle, a point circle, or has no graph.
1. x 2+ y 2+ 8 x +15=0
 2. x 2+ y 2+ 87 x+5 y +16=0
3. x 2+ y 2+ 2 x−6 y+12=0

II. Parabolas

Parabola – locus of a point which moves so that its distances from a fixed point and a fixed line are equal.
Example 1: Parabola which Vertex is at (0 , 0)

Find the coordinates of the focus and the equation of the directrix for each parabola. Draw the parabola, its focus,
and directrix.

(a) y 2=21 x
(b) y 2=−15 x
(c) x 2−2 y=0
(d) x 2+ 6 y=0

Example 2: Write the equation of the parabola with vertex at the origin that satisfies the given conditions. Draw the
parabola, its focus, and its directrix.

(a) The focus has coordinates (5, 0)

(b) The equation of the directrix is x-3=0
(c) The length of the latus rectum is 6 and the parabola opens upward.
(d) The parabola contains the point (2, -6) and opens downward.

Activity 2: Parabola August 14, 2024

A. Find the coordinates of the focus and the equation of the directrix for each parabola. Draw the parabola, its
focus, and directrix.
2
(
1. x =−10 y F 0 ,−2.5∨
−5
2 )
D= y=2.5∨
5
2
2. 2
y =12 x F ( 3 , 0 ) D=x=−3

3. x 2−6 y=0 ( 32 ) D= y= −32

F 0,

4. 2
y +8 x=0 F (−2 , 0 ) D=x=2

5.
2
y=
16
3
x F ( 43 , 0) D=x=−4 /3
B. Write the equation of the parabola in standard form with vertex at the origin that satisfies the given conditions.
Draw the parabola, its focus, and directrix.
1. The focus has coordinates (0 , 3).
2
x =4 py
Focus=( 0 , 3 )
Directrix= y=−3
2
Standard form of the parabola=x =12 y

2. The focus has coordinates (−4 , 0).

2
y =4 px
Focus=(−4 ,0 )
Directrix → x=4
2
Standard form of the parabola= y =−16 x
3. The equation of the directrix is y−4=0.
2
x =4 py
Focus=( 0 ,−4 )
Directrix → y=4
2
Standard form of the parabola=x =−16 y
4. The equation of the directrix is x +5=0 .
2
y =4 px
Focus=( 5 , 0 )
Directrix → x=−5
2
Standard form of the parabola= y =20 x
5. The length of the latus rectum is 8 and the parabola opens downward.
2
x =4 py
Focus=( 0 ,−2 )
Directrix → y=2
2
Standard form of the parabola=x =−8 y

 Parabola with vertex at (h , k )

The standard form of equation of a parabola with vertex at (h , k ) and focus at (h+ p , k ) is
( y−k )2=4 p ( x −h )

The standard form of equation of a parabola with vertex at (h , k ) and focus at (h , k + p) is

( x−h )2=4 p ( y−k )

 The equations ( y−k )2=4 p ( x −h ) and ( x−h )2=4 p ( y−k ) can be manipulated algebraically and yield the
equivalent equations in general form y 2 + Dx+ Ey + F=0 and x 2+ Dx+ Ey+ F=0, respectively.

Example 3: Write the equation of the parabola in general form that satisfies the given conditions. Draw the parabola, its
focus, and directrix.

(a) The vertex is at (−2 , 3) and focus is at (−4 , 3).

(b) The vertex is at (3 ,−5) and the directrix is y +8=0.
(c) The parabola passes through the point (−1 , 5) and its vertex is at (1 , 1) with a vertical axis of symmetry.
(d) The axis of symmetry is parallel to the y−axis and the parabola passes through the points (0 , 0),(3 , 0), and
(−1 , 4) .

III. Ellipse

Definition:

An ellipse is the set of all points in a plane such that the sum of the distances of each point from two
fixed points is the same. The fixed points are called the foci, and the line through the foci is called the axis of
symmetry.
2 2
( x−h) ( y−k)
+
a2 ❑

IV. Hyperbola