GEOTECHNICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS & PROJECT MANAGERS

27 GOULBURN STREET, CRANBOURNE EAST VIC 3977

MOBILE NO.: +61470119665 | E: admin@mlassociatesgeotechnicalengineers.com.au
WEBSITE: www.mlassociatesgeotechnicalengineers.com.au

ENGARC CONSULTING PTY LTD

PROPOSED TWO NEW UNIT DEVELOPMENT IN THIS SITE
4 LONDREW AVENUE, SPRINGVALE SOUTH - VIC
2403.1006

REPORT
Geotechnical Investigation
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................3
2. GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION ....................................................................................................5
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................5
2.2 GEOLOGY & GROUNDWATER................................................................................................5
2.3 FIELDWORK ...........................................................................................................................6
2.4 FOOTING PROBES ..................................................................................................................6
2.5 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................9
3. ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT & DESIGN ........................................................................................10
3.1 GROUND PREPARATION & EARTHWORKS ..........................................................................10
3.2 SITE CLASSIFICATION & SHALLOW FOUNDATION DESIGN ..................................................11
3.3 BORED PIER DESIGN PARAMETERS .....................................................................................12
3.4 CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS ....................................................................................................12
4. LIMITATIONS ................................................................................................................................13
5. APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................13

PII.
DOCUMENT AUTHORISATION

Geotechnical Investigation
On 4 Londrew Avenue, Springvale South - VIC

Report on the proposed two new unit development in this site.

Prepared for Engarc Consulting Pty Ltd on behalf of Mr. Steve Kotsiras of Max Lucas Group o
Companies.

Prepared by ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty Ltd

2403.1006
18th March 2024

For and on behalf of

ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty Ltd

Mori LEVI
BEng, MIEAust (Civil), RBP-EC, PE (VIC)
Geotechnical Engineer

DOCUMENT CONTROL

Distribution Register
Copy Media Recipient Location
1 Secure PDF Sethisak Moeng Engarc Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd
ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers
2 Secure PDF Mori LEVI
Pty Ltd
3 Secure PDF Steve Kotsiras Max Lucas Group of Companies

Document Status
Rev Revision Details Author Reviewer Approved for Issue
Name Initials Name Initials Date

0 Initial issue M. LEVI L. Gabriel LG M. LEVI ML 18/03/2024

© Copyright ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.
This document is and shall remain the property of ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty Ltd. The document
may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Agreement
for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.
Our Ref: 2403.1006
ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty Ltd
ABN: 42154006750
18th March 2024 Email: admin@mlassociatesgeotechnicalengineers.com.au
Web: www.mlassociatesgeotechnicalengineers.com.au
27 Goulburn Street
Steve Kotsiras CRANBOURNE EAST VIC 3977
Max Lucas Group of Companies Mobile Phone: +61470119665
C/- Engineer
Engarc Consulting Pty Ltd
9A Yiannis Court
SPRINGVALE VIC 3171

Attention: Mr. Sethisak Moeng,

Dear Sir,

PROPOSED TWO NEW UNIT DEVELOPMENT IN THIS SITE

ON 4 LONDREW AVENUE, SPRINGVALE SOUTH - VIC
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
We are pleased to present herewith our report on the geotechnical investigation carried out at the above
property described as 4 Londrew Avenue, Springvale South - VIC. This report covers foundation aspects
for the proposed two new unit development in this site only.

The fieldwork denotes that the site is underlain by aeolian, and alluvial soils mantled by approximately
0.30m of uncontrolled non cohesive fill containing some roots, and root fibres. All the boreholes were
terminated at a nominal depth of 1.80m below ground level because the target depth has been
achieved. No free groundwater/seepage/perched water table was observed in any of the boreholes.

The site classifies as Class “P” as defined in AS 2870 Residential Slab and Footings due to the presence
of excessive moisture variation, and potholes associated with onsite structures scheduled to be demolished
in this site. Therefore, foundation design shall be undertaken to engineering principles. A shrink-swell
movement potential of up to 20mm is recommended for the design of the proposed two new unit
development in this site.

This report also provides recommendations on ground preparation, footing probe exposures, construction
aspects, shallow foundations, and bored pier design parameters for the proposed two new unit
development in this site.

We thank you for the opportunity to provide this service. Please contact the undersigned if you have
any queries regarding the content of this report.

Yours faithfully,

Mori LEVI
BEng, MIEAust, RBP-EC, PE (VIC)
Geotechnical Engineer
ML & ASSOCIATES GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS PTY LTD

2403.1006 P2.
18.03.2024
1. INTRODUCTION
This report provides the results of a geotechnical investigation commissioned by Mr. Sethisak Moeng of
Engarc Consulting Pty Ltd on behalf of Mr. Steve Kotsiras of Max Lucas Group of Companies for the
proposed two new unit development at the property described as 4 Londrew Avenue, Springvale South
– VIC. It covers site classification, footing probe exposures, ground preparation, shallow foundation
design parameters, bored pier design parameters and construction aspects of the proposed two new unit
development in this site. The proposed two new unit development comprised of two double-storey units,
timber decks and a swimming pool at the rear of unit 2.

The following engineering/architectural drawings were provided to us by Max Lucas Group of companies
for the purpose of this investigation.
• Proposed ground floor by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP1, Revision 2, Dated 15th October
2023.
• Proposed first floor by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP2, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• Statutory schedules by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP3, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• Concept landscape plan by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP4, Revision 2, Dated 15th October
2023.
• Elevations by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP5, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• 3D streetscape by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP6, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• 9AM shadows by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP7, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• 10AM shadows by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP8, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• 11AM shadows by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP9, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• 12PM shadows by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP10, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• 1PM shadows by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP11, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• 2PM shadows by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP12, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• 3PM shadows by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP13, Revision 2, Dated 15th October 2023.
• Neighbourhood context plan by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP14, Revision 2, Dated 15th
October 2023.
• Written planning report by Ecostruct Design, Drawing Number TP15, Revision 2, Dated 15th October
2023.

The investigation reported herein comprised of the following:

• Desktop study.
• Mobilization Ex Cranbourne East.

2403.1006 P3.
18.03.2024
• Location of underground service using dial before you dig (DBYD) plans.
• Regional geology of the site including site and subsurface conditions.
• Engineer for fieldwork supervision.
• Drilling of three boreholes (3 no.) to a nominal depth of 1.50 - 2.00m below ground level or earlier
refusal on solid bedrock within the footprint of the proposed two new unit development in this site.
• Pocket Penetrometer (PP) testing would be carried out on the drilled spoils at some nominated depths
in the boreholes.
• Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) testing would be carried out adjacent to each borehole to a
nominal depth of 1.0m below ground level or earlier refusal to the quantity the consistencies assigned
to the near surface soils.
• Footing probe exposures on the existing structure at the western and eastern boundaries of this site.
• Comment on footing conditions.
• Site preparation.
• Site Geology.
• Comment on groundwater.
• Site classification in accordance with AS 28701.
• Provision of geotechnical design parameters for shallow foundations.
• Bored pier design parameters.
• Construction aspects.
• Quality Assurance (QA), analysis and reporting.

We understand that a geotechnical investigation report is required for the demolition, design, and
construction of the proposed two new unit development in this site.

The fieldwork commenced on 16th March 2024 and was completed on the same day under the full-time
supervision of an experienced geotechnical engineer from ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty
Ltd.

1 AS2870, Residential Slabs and Footings

2403.1006 P4.
18.03.2024
2. GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION

The subject site is located on a slightly raised block of land with a downward fall in a northerly and a
westerly direction to give a low point at the northwestern end of this property. The site’s slope varies
from 1-30. It is delimited in all directions by existing residential development except to the north by
Londrew Avenue. The subject site can be accessed via Londrew Avenue from the northern end of this
property.

The following structures were observed on site during the investigation date.
• An existing single storey brick veneer dwelling.
• An existing steel garage.
• And an existing weatherboard shed.

There were some underground and overhead services noted on site during the investigation date. There
were also some scattered trees of approximately 2-3m high noted within the property boundaries. The
vegetation cover over the subject site is described as low stratum regrowth and some concrete slab.

The drainage over the subject site is judged to be fair due to the nature of the topography.

2.2 GEOLOGY & GROUNDWATER

The 1:63,360 Geological Survey of Victoria (Ringwood; Sheet No. 849, Zone 7) indicates that the site is
underlain by Recent to Pleistocene, Quaternary, Aeolian Deposits (Qpd) comprising of sand ridges and
sand hills. The materials penetrated in the boreholes are consistent with the prediction of the geologic
map.

The review of Visualising Victoria’s Groundwater (VVG) overlay map also shows that groundwater is
available in this site at a nominal depth of between 5-10m below ground level (bgl). This is consistent
with the observation made in the boreholes; however, some seepage/perched water table may develop
in alluvium.

2403.1006 P5.
18.03.2024
2.3 FIELDWORK

A total of three (3 no.) boreholes (BH01-BH03) were drilled to a nominal depth of 1.80m below ground
level using a CHPD 79 Post Driver owned and operated by ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty
Ltd. The boreholes were terminated at a nominal depth of 1.80m below ground level because the target
depth has been achieved.

The materials penetrated in the borehole were visually classified and logged by an experienced
geotechnical engineer from ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty Ltd to give the engineering logs
appended to this report. The soil horizons penetrated in the boreholes were visually classified and
logged in accordance to AS 1726-20172.

DCP testing was undertaken adjacent to each borehole to a nominal depth of 1.00m below ground level
and the results shown in the accompanying engineering logs. PP testing was also carried out on the drilled
spoils and the results on the engineering logs.

A total of two (2 no.) footing probes were carried out on the structures at the western and eastern
boundaries of this site as documented on the site plan and the results shown in the subsequent section 2.4.
Typical sections of the footing probes one and two (FP01 & FP02) configurations are appended to this
report (Figure 1006B).

The boreholes and the footing probes were backfilled with the drilled spoils following completion of
drilling and flashed to ground level. The location of the boreholes and footing probes were documented
on the accompanying investigation layout plan (Fig. 1006A) attached to this report.

The fieldwork commenced on 16th March 2024 and was completed on the same day under the full-time
supervision of a geotechnical engineer from ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty Ltd.

2.4 FOOTING PROBES

A total of two (2 no.) footing probes were carried out on the structures at the western and eastern
boundaries of this site as shown on the accompanying site plan to assess its’ foundation depth and
configuration. The result of the footing probes one and two (FP01 & FP02) configuration and their
photographic representation are shown in Tables 2.1 to 2.2 and Figures 2.1 to 2.2 respectively. Typical

2 AS1726-2017, Geotechnical Site Investigation

2403.1006 P6.
18.03.2024
section of the footing probes one and two (FP01& FP02) configurations is appended to this report (Figure
1006B).
TABLE 2.1
FOOTING PROBE ONE (FP01) CONFIGURATION
Footing Probe No. FP01
Location (refer to site plan) Refer to the site plan
Composition Concrete
Footing type Slab
Founding depth (top of the footing) (mm) 0
Founding depth (bottom of the footing) (mm) 300
Projection (mm) 160 - 170
Founding material On medium dense, Silty SAND, Aeolian Soils
Moisture condition of the founding materials dry
Potential for moisture change Slightly
Performance (at the footing probe location) OK
Performance (general) Satisfactory
Note: all the measurements for the footing probe were taken from the current surface level.

Figure 2.1: An overview of footing probe one (FP01) exposure on the existing structure at the western
boundary of this site

2403.1006 P7.
18.03.2024
 TABLE 2.2
FOOTING PROBE TWO (FP02) CONFIGURATION
Footing Probe No. FP02
Location (refer to site plan) Refer to the site plan
Composition Concrete
Footing type Pad
Founding depth (top of the footing) (mm) 0
Founding depth (bottom of the footing) (mm) 500
Projection (mm) 0
Founding material Medium dense, Silty SAND, Aeolian Soils
Moisture condition of the founding materials Dry
Potential for moisture change Slightly
Performance (at the footing probe location) OK
Performance (general) Satisfactory
Note: all the measurements for the footing probe were taken from the current surface level.

Figure 2.2: An overview of footing probe two (FP02) exposure on the existing structure at the eastern
boundary of this site

2403.1006 P8.
18.03.2024
 Based on the results of the footing probes one and two (FP01-FP02) exposures, we can conclude that the
existing footing system of the existing structures on the western and eastern boundaries; can provide a
minimum allowable bearing pressure of 75kPa found in/on medium dense, Silty SAND aeolian soils at a
varying depth of approximately 0.30 -0.50mm bgl.

An extra caution shall be maintained shall be undertaken while carrying out any excavation in the vicinity
of these adjoining structures to prevent the possibility of undermining their foundations. Methods like
underpinning and shoring may be helpful in minimizing possible undermining.

2.5 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS

The investigation holes uncovered the following geologic soil units;

• Fill
• Aeolian soils
• Alluvial soils.

The boreholes disclosed some 0.30m of uncontrolled non cohesive fill described as dry (w<PL), loose to
medium dense, Silty SAND of low plasticity fines containing some roots, and root fibres.

Aeolian soils emerged below the uncontrolled non cohesive fill, the latter described as dry, medium dense,
Silty SAND of low plasticity fines which descended into alluvium , penetrated as moist, medium dense,
Silty SAND of low plasticity fines at the basal end of the boreholes.

All the boreholes were terminated in the alluvial soils.

Table 2.2 shows the summary of material succession penetrated in the boreholes.
TABLE 2.2
SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SUCCESSION
Borehole Fill Aeolian Soils Alluvial Soils Free Groundwater Table
No. (m) (m) (m) (m)
BH01 0.00 – 0.30 0.30 – 1.40 1.40 – 1.80 Nil
BH02 0.00 – 0.30 0.30 – 1.40 1.40 – 1.80 Nil
BH03 0.00 – 0.30 0.30 – 1.50 1.50 – 1.80 Nil

2403.1006 P9.
18.03.2024
No free groundwater was observed in any of the boreholes; however, some seepage/perched water
table may develop in the alluvium.

The reader is referred to the attached engineering logs for detailed description of the material succession
in the boreholes.

3. ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT & DESIGN

The engineering assessment presented herein has been based on the material succession disclosed in the
boreholes, visual classification, logging, experience in dealing with similar soils units in the locality, and
DCP test data.

3.1 GROUND PREPARATION & EARTHWORKS

Ground preparation shall ensure the following;

• Demolish all the existing on-site structures.
• Grub the foundation remnants of the existing on-site structures from the footprint of the proposed
two new unit development in this site.
• Stripping of approximately 300mm of the uncontrolled non cohesive fill containg some vegetal
materials from the footprint of the proposed two new unit development in this site.
• Stockpile the stripped materials for reuse during landscaping.
• Replace the stripped materials with some good quality imported granular fill if required.
• Moisture conditioning and compacting of the stripped surface/backfill trenches to comply with a
minimum of 98% dry density ratio at ±1.5% of OMC achievable under AS 1289.5.1.1 and AS 1289.
5.3.1 or 5.8.1.
• The suitable imported granular fill materials must comply with the following requirements:
✓ Have weighted plasticity index (WPI) in the range 800 to 3000.
✓ No soils with WPI<800 shall be used as fill because it can be easily penetrated by surface water.
✓ And most importantly must be granular in nature.

There were some mature trees of approximately 2-3m high noted on site during the investigation as such
in the view of ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers, we belief, these trees flagged herein have no
significant effect on the foundation system of the proposed two new unit development in this site.

2403.1006 P10.
18.03.2024
3.2 SITE CLASSIFICATION & SHALLOW FOUNDATION DESIGN

This site technically classifies as Class “P’’ site as defined in AS 2870, Residential Slabs and Footings due
to the following reasons.
• Potholes/trenches associated with the scheduled structures to be demolished in this site.
• The presence of excessive moisture variation in this site.
Therefore, foundation design shall be undertaken to engineering principles.

The following shallow foundation design parameter may be adopted for foundation design following
ground preparation.
• An allowable bearing pressure of 70kPa may be adopted to slabs on/in ground for the proposed
two new unit development in this site.
• Edge/internal beams/stumps/strip/pad/waffle slab footings may be proportioned at an allowable
bearing pressure of 80kPa found at a depth of 600mm bgl for the proposed two new unit
development in this site.
• Stumps/waffle slab/pad and strip footings designed to be found a minimum of 800mm below
ground level shall be accorded an allowable bearing pressure of 100kPa following ground
preparation.
• Deepened/suspended slab and high-level footings found a minimum of 1000mm below ground level
may be designed at an allowable bearing pressure of 120kPa for the proposed two new unit
development in this site.
• A shrink-swell movement potential of up to 20mm may be adopted for the design of the proposed
two new unit development in this site.

The foundation maintenance methods appropriate to a Class “S” site as given in Section B2.2 of AS2870
must be accorded throughout the life of the structures on this site.

A Class “S” site classification may also be adopted for the detailing of buried plumbing fixtures.

Constructed service trenches must be aligned in a manner that does not present the risk of introducing
water to the footprint of the proposed two new unit development in this site. Seepage stops should be
fitted to new service trenches where they are deemed to present the risk of this problem.

2403.1006 P11.
18.03.2024
3.3 BORED PIER DESIGN PARAMETERS

The parameters given in Tables 3.1 are provided for single bored piers up to 900mm in diameter for
the proposed two new unit development in this site.
TABLE 3.1
ALLOWABLE DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR BORED PIERS
Depth Range Allowable End Bearing Allowable Skin Friction
(m) (kPa) (kPa)
0.00 – 1.00 Ignore ignore
1.00 – 1.50 140 10
* Depth measured from ground level during the investigation date

A geotechnical strength reduction factor ( g) of 0.40 as defined by AS 21593 was used for the calculation
of the relevant design geotechnical strength (R*g) from the ultimate geotechnical strengths (Rug) values.

The above bored pier design parameters may be adopted for design of driven and screw piles for the
proposed two new unit development in this site.

3.4 CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS

The soils penetrated in the investigation hole will readily excavate with conventional equipment; the
limitation will be with the reach of the equipment, the depth of investigation and the efficiency of
groundwater control encountered.

Construction safety issues shall be considered where workers are expected in excavations deeper than
1.5 metres.

Any site excavation in this site shall be maintained at the following batters for both temporary and
permanent stability.
Lithology Temporary Batters (H : V) Permanent Batters (H : V)
Uncontrolled non cohesive fill/aeolian 2.0 : 1.0 3.0 : 1.0
Alluvial soils 1.0 : 1.0 2.0 : 1.0

Note: we strongly recommend that an experienced geotechnical engineer be engaged to confirm the
lithology and ground conditions inferred herein our report during construction.

3 AS2159 Piling – Design and Installation

2403.1006 P12.
18.03.2024
4. LIMITATIONS
In addition to the limitations inherent in site investigations (refer to the attached Information Sheets), it
must be pointed out that the recommendations in this report are based on assessed subsurface
conditions from limited investigations. In order to confirm the assessed soil properties in this report,
further investigation should be carried out if the scale of the development warrants, or if any of the
properties are critical to the design, construction or performance of the development.

It is recommended that a qualified and experienced geotechnical engineer be engaged to provide

further input and review during the design development; including site visits during construction to verify
the site conditions and provide advice where conditions vary from those assumed in this report.
Development of an appropriate inspection and testing plan should be carried out in consultation with
the geotechnical engineer.

This report and details for the proposed development should be submitted to relevant regulatory
authorities that have an interest in the property for their review.

ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers Pty Ltd shall take no responsibility for failure to engage us or
any experienced geotechnical engineer to confirm the lithology provided herein during construction due
to the limited scale of investigation.

5. APPENDICES
• Investigation layout plan Figure. 1006A
• Typical footing probe sections Figure. 1006B
• Engineering logs
• Geotechnical symbols and notes.

2403.1006 P13.
18.03.2024
 ML & ASSOCIATES
ENGARC CONSULTING PTY LTD
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS
ABN: 42154006750
4 LONEDREW AVENUE, SPRINGVALE - VIC
GEOTECHNICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
1 of 1 CONSULTANTS GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Address: 27 Goulburn Street, Cranbourne East VIC 3977
Email: admin@mlassociatesgeotechnicalengineers.com.au
Website: www.mlassociatesgeotechnicalengineers.com.au
INVESTIGATION LAYOUT PLAN
Mobile Phone: +61 470119665
 ~160-170mm

~0mm

ML & ASSOCIATES
ENGARC CONSULTING PTY LTD
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS
ABN: 42154006750
4 LONDREW AVENUE, SPRINGVALE SOUTH - VIC
GEOTECHNICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
1 of 1 CONSULTANTS GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Address: 27 Goulburn Street, Cranbourne East VIC 3977
Email: admin@mlassociatesgeotechnicalengineers.com.au
Website: www.mlassociatesgeotechnicalengineers.com.au TYPICAL FOOTING PROBE SECTIONS
Mobile Phone: +61 470119665
 ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers
BOREHOLE NUMBER BH01
27 Goulburn Street, Cranbourne East PAGE 1 OF 1
VIC 3977

CLIENT Engarc Consulting Pty Ltd PROJECT NAME Geotechnical Investigation

PROJECT NUMBER 2403.1006 PROJECT LOCATION 4 Londrew Avenue, Springvale South - VIC

DATE STARTED 16/3/24 COMPLETED 16/3/24 R.L. SURFACE DATUM

DRILLING CONTRACTOR ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers SLOPE 90° BEARING -90°
EQUIPMENT CHPD 78 Post Driver HOLE LOCATION As Per Site Plan
HOLE SIZE 78mm LOGGED BY ML CHECKED BY ML
NOTES
Classification
Graphic Log

Samples
Material Description Tests Additional Observations
Symbol
Method

Water

Remarks
RL Depth
(m) (m)
SM FILL; Silty SAND; dark brown, fine to coarse grained, low plasticity, roots & root DCP UNCONTROLLED NON COHESIVE
HP

fibres, dry, loose-medium dense FILL

1 Grass

SM Silty SAND; dark brown, mottled pale grey, becoming pale grey, fine to medium SAND RIDGES AND SAND HILLS
grained, low plasticity, dry, medium dense (AEOLIAN) 2 (Qpd)

4
0,5

4
Not Observed

4
1,0

T
BOREHOLE / TEST PIT 2403.1006 LOGS.GPJ GINT STD AUSTRALIA.GDT 17/3/24

SM Silty SAND; coffee brown, mottled orange, fine to coarse grained, low plasticity, RED BLUFF SANDS BRIGHTON
moist, medium dense (ALLUVIUM) GROUP (Tpr)
1,5

Borehole BH01 terminated at 1.8m TERMINATED

2,0
 ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers
BOREHOLE NUMBER BH02
27 Goulburn Street, Cranbourne East PAGE 1 OF 1
VIC 3977

CLIENT Engarc Consulting Pty Ltd PROJECT NAME Geotechnical Investigation

PROJECT NUMBER 2403.1006 PROJECT LOCATION 4 Londrew Avenue, Springvale South - VIC

DATE STARTED 16/3/24 COMPLETED 16/3/24 R.L. SURFACE DATUM

DRILLING CONTRACTOR ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers SLOPE 90° BEARING -90°
EQUIPMENT CHPD 78 Post Driver HOLE LOCATION As Per Site Plan
HOLE SIZE 78mm LOGGED BY ML CHECKED BY ML
NOTES
Classification
Graphic Log

Samples
Material Description Tests Additional Observations
Symbol
Method

Water

Remarks
RL Depth
(m) (m)
SM FILL; Silty SAND; dark brown, fine to coarse grained, low plasticity, roots & root DCP UNCONTROLLED NON COHESIVE
HP

fibres, dry, loose-medium dense FILL

1 Grass

SM Silty SAND; dark brown, mottled pale grey, becoming pale grey, fine to medium SAND RIDGES AND SAND HILLS
grained, low plasticity, dry, medium dense (AEOLIAN) 3 (Qpd)

5
0,5

3
Not Observed

3
1,0

T
BOREHOLE / TEST PIT 2403.1006 LOGS.GPJ GINT STD AUSTRALIA.GDT 17/3/24

SM Silty SAND; coffee brown, mottled orange, becoming brown, orange, fine to coarse RED BLUFF SANDS BRIGHTON
grained, low plasticity, moist, medium dense (ALLUVIUM) GROUP (Tpr)
1,5

Borehole BH02 terminated at 1.8m TERMINATED

2,0
 ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers
BOREHOLE NUMBER BH03
27 Goulburn Street, Cranbourne East PAGE 1 OF 1
VIC 3977

CLIENT Engarc Consulting Pty Ltd PROJECT NAME Geotechnical Investigation

PROJECT NUMBER 2403.1006 PROJECT LOCATION 4 Londrew Avenue, Springvale South - VIC

DATE STARTED 16/3/24 COMPLETED 16/3/24 R.L. SURFACE DATUM

DRILLING CONTRACTOR ML & Associates Geotechnical Engineers SLOPE 90° BEARING -90°
EQUIPMENT CHPD 78 Post Driver HOLE LOCATION As Per Site Plan
HOLE SIZE 78mm LOGGED BY ML CHECKED BY ML
NOTES
Classification
Graphic Log

Samples
Material Description Tests Additional Observations
Symbol
Method

Water

Remarks
RL Depth
(m) (m)
SM FILL; Silty SAND; dark brown, fine to coarse grained, low plasticity, roots & root DCP UNCONTROLLED NON COHESIVE
HP

fibres, dry, loose-medium dense FILL

1 Grass

SM Silty SAND; dark brown-pale grey, becoming pale grey, fine to medium grained, low SAND RIDGES AND SAND HILLS
plasticity, dry, medium dense (AEOLIAN) 3 (Qpd)

4
0,5

2
Not Observed

3
1,0

T
BOREHOLE / TEST PIT 2403.1006 LOGS.GPJ GINT STD AUSTRALIA.GDT 17/3/24

1,5
SM Silty SAND; coffee brown, mottled orange, fine to coarse grained, low plasticity, RED BLUFF SANDS BRIGHTON
moist, medium dense (ALLUVIUM) GROUP (Tpr)

Borehole BH03 terminated at 1.8m TERMINATED

2,0
 GEOTECHNICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS & PROJECT MANAGERS
27 GOULBURN STREET, CRANBOURNE EAST VIC 3977
MOBILE NO: +61470119665 | E: rambason@yahoo.com.au

SOIL & ROCK LOG EXPLANATORY NOTES

DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION SYMBOLS & NOMECLATURE
For engineering purposes, soils include any organic and inorganic material in the ground that is unconsolidated and lies
above bed rock. The classification system adopted and explained below is based on the Unified Soil Classification (USC)
and accords to AS1726 – 2016/1993, Geotechnical Site investigations and Look Burt, Geotechnical Hand Book for
Engineers.

Particle Group
Major Divisions Description Laboratory Classification
Size, mm Symbol
(more than half of the material less than 63 mm is larger than 0.075 mm)

BOULDERS >200
%< Plasticity of fine
fraction
NOTES
COBBLES 63 0.075mm
(1) Claasify fines by the
coarse
GW Well graded gravels and gravel- - Cu > 4 1<Cc<3 method given for fine-
20 sand mixtures, little or no fines 0-5 grained soils.
Use the gradation curve of material passing 63mm for classification of fractions according to the criteria given in 'Major Divisions'

Poorly graded gravels and Not satisfying GW

COARSE GRAINED SOILS

GP gravel-sand mixtures, little or -

GRAVELS medium no fines, uniform gravels 0-5 requirements

Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt Below 'A' line

GM - -
6 mixtures (1) 12 - 50 or PI < 4
Clayey gravels, gravel-sand- Above A line (2) Dual symbols if % of
fine GC - -
2.36 clay mixtures (1) 12 - 50 or PI > 7 fines (-0.075mm) is greater
than 5% and less than 12%.
coarse
SW Well graded sands and gravelly - Cu > 6 1<Cc<3
0.6 sands, little or no fines 0-5
Not satisfying SW
SP Poorly graded sands and -
SANDS medium requirements
gravelly sands, little or no fines 0-5
Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures Below 'A' line
SM - -
0.2 (1) 12 - 50 or PI < 4
fine Clayey sands, sand-clay Above A line
SC - -
0.075 mixtures (1) 12 - 50 or PI > 7
(more than half of the materials less than 63 mm is smaller than 0.075 mm)

Inorganic silts, very fine sands, 60

rock flour, silty or clayey fine For classification of fine grained
ML
sands or clayey silts with slight soils and fine fraction of coarse
plasticity grained soils.
50
SILTS & CLAYS Inorganic clays of low to
CL Dual symbols if above 'A'line and
(liquid limit ≤ 50%) medium plasticity, gravelly
4<PI<7 CH
Plasticity Index (PI)

CI clays, sandy clays, silty clays, 40

FINE GRAINED SOILS

lean clays 'A' Line

Equation of 'A' line
Organic silts and clays of low PI = 0.73(LL - 20)
OL 30
plasticity
CI
Inorganic silts, micaceous or
MH diatomaceous fine sands or 20
silts, elastic silts MH & OH
SILTS & CLAYS CL
(liquid limit > 50%) CH Inoragnic clays of high 10 ML
plasticity, fat clays & OL
CL-ML

OH Organic silts and clays of high 0

plasticity
0 20 35 40 50 60 80 100
Peat and other highly organic
HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS PT soils
Liquid Limit (LL)
SOIL NAME MODIFIERS
Term Field Guide Proportion of Minor Component
Silty/Clayey Significant amount of cohesive fraction in coarse > 30% is fine grained in coarse material
grained soils
Sandy/Gravelly Significant amount of cohesionless fraction in fine > 12% is coarse grained in fine material
grained soils
With Easily detectable by feel or sight. Little difference in 5-12% minor components in coarse grained soils.
properties of primary component 15-30% minor components in fine grained soils
Trace Detectable by feel or sight. Generally little or no < 5% of minor components in coarse grained soils
difference in properties of primary component < 15% of minor components in fine grained soils
CONSISTENCY OF COHESIVE SOILS
Terms Field Guide Undrained shear SPT N-Value DCP (Blows/100mm) UCS/PP (kPa)
strength (kPa)
Very soft Oozes between fingers when <12 0-2 0-1 <24
squeezed in hand. A finger
can be pushed with easy into
the soil.
Soft Easily moulded with fingers. 12-25 2-4 1-2 24-50
A finger can be pushed into
the soil up to about 25mm
deep.
Firm Can be moulded by strong 25-50 4-8 2-3 50-100
finger pressure. Thumb can
indent soil to 5mm but cannot
penetrate with thumb
pressure.
Stiff Cannot be moulded with strong 50-100 8-15 3-7 100-200
finger pressure. The surface of
the soil can be indented by
thumb but cannot penetrate with
thumb pressure
Very Stiff The surface of the soil can 100-200 15-30 7-12 200-400
be marked, but not indented
with thumb pressure
Hard Can be indented with >200 >30 >12 >400
difficulty by thumb nail
Friable Readily crumbles to powder
RELATIVE DENSITY OF COHESIONLESS SOILS
Term SPT N Value Field Guide Relative Density (%) DCP Blows/100mm
Very Loose 0-4 Foot imprints readily 0-15 0-1
Loose 4-10 Shovels easily 15-35 1-3
Medium dense 10-30 Shovels with difficult 35-65 3-8
Dense 30-50 Pick required 65-85 8-15
Very dense >50 Difficult with pick 85-100 >15
SOIL MOISTURE
Term Assessment
Dry Cohesive soils; hard and friable or powdery, well dry of plastic limit.
Granular soils; cohesionless and free-running.
Moist Soil feels cool, darkened in colour. Cohesive soils can be moulded. Granular soils tend to cohere
Wet Soil feels cool, darkened in colour. Cohesive soils usually weakened and free water forms on hands when
handling. Granular soils tend to cohere and free water forms on hands when handling.
Wl Liquid limit, applied when logging cohesive materials/ fine grained particles
Wp Plastic limit applied when logging cohesive materials/fine grained particles
SOIL ORIGIN
Term Origin
Residual Derived from parent rock. Structure of parent rock not visible
Aeolian Wind deposited soil
Alluvium Stream and river deposited soil
Colluvium Transported on slope faces by gravity
Fill Soils affected by anthropogenic influences
Lacustrine Lake deposited soils
Littoral Beach front deposits
Revision: 0 Page 2 of 5
 Marine Deposited soils in ocean basins, bays and estuaries

GRAPHIC SYMBOLS
Water Level and Observation Date Water Inflow Water Outflow

3/2/10

IN-SITU SAMPLES & TESTS

Vane Shear – AS 1289.6.2.1 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) – Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) –
AS1289.6.3.1 AS1289.6.3.2
Undisturbed Tube Sample – U(63) Pocket Penetrometer (pp)=2Cu Piezocone (CPTU)

ROCK LOG EXPLANATORY NOTES

DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION SYMBOLS & NOMECLATURE
For engineering purposes, rock substance includes any natural occurring aggregation of minerals and organic material that
cannot be disintegrated or remoulded by hand in air or water. The classification system adopted and explained below
broadly accords to AS1726-1993, Geotechnical Site investigations. Rock names are not based on precise geologic
classifications but on simple rock names sufficient for characterisation of engineering behaviour.
WEATHERING
Term Symbol Field Guide
Residual soil RS Soil like material developed on extremely weathered rock; the mass structure and
substance fabric are no long evident; there is a large change in volume but the material
has not been significantly transported.
Extremely weathered XW Rock is weathered to such an extent that it has ‘soil’ properties, i.e. it either disintegrates
or can be remoulded in water.
Highly weathered1 HW Shows considerable change in appearance and very significant loss in strength.
Strength may vary between ‘soil’ properties and low strength rock. Where cores tones
are present, they form a minor component of the rock structure
Moderately MW Visible change in appearance and significant loss in strength. Core stones form a major
weathered1 component of the rocks structure
Slightly weathered SW Rock is slightly discoloured but shows little or no change in strength from fresh rock.
Fresh FR Rock shows no sign of weathering.
1 Distinctly weathered (DW) combines HW and MW and is used where there is no requirement to make distinction between

HW and MW weathering grades.

GRAIN SIZE
FABRIC
Igneous & Metamorphic Sedimentary Term Field Guide
Coarse Rudaceous Massive No layering
Medium Arenaceous Layered Bedded
Fine Argillaceous Laminated Foliated, cleaved

STRENGTH
Term Symbol Point load index Field Guide
Is50 (MPa)
Extremely low EL ≤0.03 Easily remoulded by hand to a material with soil properties.
Very Low VL >0.03 - ≤0.1 Material crumbles under firm blows with end of pick can be peeled with
knife; too hard to cut a triaxial sample by hand. Pieces up to 30mm can be
broken by finger pressure.
Low L >0.1 - ≤0.3 Easily scored with knife; indentations 1mm to 3mm show in the specimen with
firm blows of the pick point; has dull sound under hammer. Sharp edges of core
may be friable and break during handling.
Medium M >0.3 - ≤1 Readily scored with a knife; a piece of core 150mm long by 50mm diameter
can be broken by hand with difficulty.
High H >1 - ≤3 A piece of core 150mm long by 50mm cannot be broken by hand but can be broken
with a single firm pick blow; rock rings under hammer
Very High VH >3 - ≤10 Hand specimen breaks with pick after more than one blow; rock rings under
hammer.
Extremely High EH >10 Specimen requires many blows with geologic pick to break intact rock

Revision: 0 Page 3 of 5
 material; rock rings under hammer.
Note: UCS=20Is(50)

DEFECT DESCRIPTION ABBREVIATIONS

Type Roughness Wall Alterations Other
J, Js Joint, Joints R Rough FeSt Iron Stained Cln Clay Infill
B Bedding SR Slightly Rough Wth Weathered CLy Clayey
BP Bedding Parting S Smooth Smn Secondary Mineralisation Co Coal Seam
FP Foliation Parting SL Slickensided Cn Clean Carb Carbonaceous
LP Lamination Parting PO Polished Si Sand Infill
CLV Cleavage QZ Quartz
FR Fracture Planarity Aperture CA Calcite
SZ Sheared Zone Pl Planar C Closed Chl Chlrorite
CZ Crushed Zone St Stepped O Open In Incipient
BZ Broken Zone Un Undulating F Filled Int Intersecting
HFZ Highly Fractured Zone Cu Curved T Tight Lam(s) Lamination(s)
WS Weathered Seam Ir Irregular DI Drilling Induced
VN Vein H Horizontal
V Vertical

DEFECT SPACING
Term Spacing
Extremely Close <6
Very Close 6 – 20
Close 20 – 60
Medium 60 – 200
Wide 200 – 600
Very Wide 600 – 2000
Extremely Wide >2000

DEFECT PERSISTENCE
Term Length (m)
Very High >10
High 5 – 10
Moderate 2–5
Low 0.5 – 2
Very Low <0.5

RQD=Sum of intact core pieces >2*diameter/Total length of the Run*100

IN-SITU SAMPLE TESTS
Symbols Names
D Disturbed samples
B Bulk samples
U50-100 Thin walled sample 50-100mm diameter
PP Pocket penetrometer (kPa)
SV Shear vane test (kPa)
DCP Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (Blows per 100mm penetration)
SPT Standard Penetration Test
N* SPT value (Blows per 300mm Penetration)
R Refusal of DCP or SPT
PSP Perth Sand Penetrometer

Revision: 0 Page 4 of 5
 INVESTIGATION ABBREVIATION & NOTES
Borehole Log Excavation Logs Borehole Support
Symbol Name Symbol Name Symbol Name
AS Auger Screw NE Natural N Nil
Excavation
AD Auger Drill HE Hand Excavation C Casing
RR Roller/Tricone BH Backhoe Bucket M Mud
W Washbore Ex Excavator Bucket NQ NQ Rods
HA Hand Auger DZ Dozer Blade CA Casing Advancement
D Diatube R Ripper Tooth Coring
B Blade/Blank Bit Excavation Support NMLC NMLC Rod/Barrel
ADV V-bit N NIl NQ NQ Rod/Barrel
ADT TC-bit S Shoring PQ PQ Rod/Barrel
B Benched HQ HQ Rod/Barrel

SOIL ZONING
Layers Continuous exposures
lenses Discontinuous layers or lenticular shapes
Pockets Different materials or irregular inclusions

Revision: 0 Page 5 of 5