Arellano University

Juan Sumulong Campus

2600 Legarda Street, Sampaloc Manila

IMPLEMENTATION AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF A LAMPSHADE USING AN

ECO-FRIENDLY HANDMADE PAPER FROM THE WASTE PAPER AND OTHER
BIOMASS MATERIAL

Presented by:

Buñales, Eunice Joy G.

Carlon, Joshua
Damian, Daniela Faith B.
Itucas, Marc Aaron Gian
Ocon, John Paul
Pamintuan, Jennel D.
Ponce, John Marc
Resentes, Loraine Ashley B.

Presented to:

Mr. Dela Rosa, Roman

SY: 2022 - 2023

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

The history of light is the history of lighting equipment, and the shapes of the shade
changed with the change of the light source. The rapid increase in technology, electricity and its
convenience in the early 20th century is believed to have given rise to numerous forms of
lampshades. A lampshade is the combination of a lamp and a swathe that shades the light from
the lamp. Lampshades are manufactured in various shapes, sizes, materials, designs, and colors.
Its purpose is to protect the eye from the bulb’s glare and to direct light from the bulb in the lamp
into the room. Modern Lampshades come from with interesting functions of beautifying,
directing and diluting light from a lamp. Mini lampshades are put on study tables to provide light
and also direct the rays of light to make sight easier. These functions of lampshades make them
more useful in households. As established by, today lampshades are not only used for a mere
lighting, but as an accessory.

The majority of things sold in today’s markets are not ecologically friendly. The
products will be marketed as long as the consumers find them appealing. However, the majority
of these products use non-ecologically friendly raw materials. One of the biggest problems that
the world is facing today is that of environmental pollution, increasing with every passing year
and causing serious and permanent damage to the earth. Saving the environment is not an issue
anymore, it is a survival truth (Kulshreshtha, Set al., 2011; Timane, R. and Tale, T., 2012.).
Management of waste as a resource can be a great way of sustainable living. By encouraging the
reduction, recycling and re- use of wastes as raw material for new products can make a big
difference. Paper is a fundamental part of most aspects of society. A total of about 300 million
tons of paper are produced each day and 90% of this paper is produced from the mature pulp.

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And the demand for paper is increasing day by day. But one dismaying fact is that millions of
trees are falling in a day to make paper. Paper made by the conventional method causes high
pollution problems.

In this paper, you will see the effectiveness of using ecologically friendly materials to
make a new product which is a Paper Lampshade. It can also be used to help or inspire other
students to show their creativity because we also acknowledge our fellow students to do this kind
of thing so that they can have a hobby or they can also turn it into a business.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nowadays, we are forgetting the importance of things, and we are also causing our
world to be destroyed. Plastic pollution is such a serious global problem that 175 members of the
United Nations (UN) agreed to forge a legally binding treaty toward ending it. In particular,
plastics are one of the biggest threats to the health of the oceans that sustain humanity,
endangering the well-being of man himself. Furthermore, the mass destruction of trees—
deforestation—continues, sacrificing the long-term benefits of standing trees for materials for
manufacturing such as paper. .

The amount of paper and paper products used is so enormous that the environmental
impact of the pollution caused by it is also very significant. Therefore, great efforts are required
to ensure that the environment is protected during the production, use and recycling/disposal of
this enormous volume of material. Recycling paper saves energy and reduces pollution caused by
the bleaching of the wood pulp (to remove the ink on the paper being recycled). However, even
though virgin paper requires 24,000 gallons of water per ton to create, recycled paper still
requires 12,000 gallons of water per ton.

The circular economy supports the transformation of the linear consumption model into a
closed-production model, so that production and consumption waste is reused and incorporated
into the economy to create new value (Calvo-Porral & Lévy-Mangin, 2020). The adoption of

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circular practices facilitates sustainable consumption by reducing the negative effects caused by
excessive resource production and consumption.

Closing the circular loop by reusing materials and reducing consumption is therefore vitally
important. Consumers play a crucial role in a circular economy because their choices can either
support or hinder circularity (Calvo-Porral & Lévy-Mangin, 2020; Wagner & Heinzel, 2020).
Several loops are possible in a circular economy, such as reuse, repair, refurbishment, and
recycling. Although recycling is not the most preferred loop in a circular economy (e.g.
Sabbaghi & Behdad, 2018; Vanegas et al., 2018), it is an inevitable loop for many products
and contexts (e.g. plastic film included in packaging, or a broken plastic box) and thus important
to explore. In this paper, we focus on understanding consumer responses towards, and acceptance
of products made from recycled materials. These products may be made from recycled plastics,
textile fibers or metals and include, for instance, apparel, durables (such as consumer electronics,
furniture, and auto parts) and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG, such as detergents, paper,
trash bags, and kitchen bags), (Polyportis et al., 2022). Moreover, Lampshade is a covering of
light to reduce the brightness of the direct light. It is a decorative element to enhance the beauty
of the house.

Common lampshade is made from different materials such as paper, glass, fabric, and
stone. Lamp is first introduced as an incandescent filament electric lamp and subsequently
associated with Victorian-style influence which lampshades become a decorative feature to
interior design. But as we conduct this study we also add a little bit of an ecologically friendly
term by using waste paper to become a part of Lampshade. Consumers may not always
understand current lighting technology, systems, and applications. However, recent research
shows that consumers are increasingly attentive to the importance of lighting for their health and
well-being.

The aim of this study is to build an efficient and environmentally friendly lamp shade. A
new paper that was first created from waste paper and combined with other biomass materials to
produce a paper lampshade. Equally important, the Paper Lampshade, very simply, and eye-

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caring. This study will explain how paper waste is used to make lampshades and how their
selling price is based on a profit-loss management strategy to enable producers to make a profit
and motivate them to participate in environmental conservation initiatives.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The research study aims to explore the implementation and potential impacts of a
lampshade made from eco-friendly handmade paper derived from waste paper and other biomass
materials. The study will address the following problems:

1. What is the demographic profile as to:

1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Grade/Strand/Section

2. What is the level of consumer awareness and willingness to pay more for eco-friendly
products, specifically eco-friendly paper lampshades in terms of:

2.1 Customer’s previous usage of eco-friendly products

2.2 Customer’s perception of eco-friendly products being more expensive

2.3 The influence of price on their purchasing decisions

2.4 The influence of quality of eco-friendly products on their purchasing decisions

2.5 Customer’s belief in the quality and superiority of eco-friendly products compared to
non-eco-friendly alternatives.

3. What are the factors influencing individuals' willingness to participate in waste recycling
practices and create products using recycled materials as to:
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3.1 Exploring behind customer’s willingness on creating something using recycled
materials can help reduce waste in the country

3.2 Customers' level of interest in engaging in activities involving recyclable materials.

3.3 Customers’ level of curiosity in engaging in activities involving recyclable materials.

3.4 Customer’s perception of eco-friendly products can be one of the beautifications of

their houses.

3.5 Willingness to recommend eco-friendly products to their friends and family.

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THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

This study explores the implementation and impacts of an eco-friendly lampshade made
from recycled paper and biomass materials. Through hypothesis testing, this research aims to
uncover important insights into consumer behavior and the potential implications of eco-friendly
products in our specific context.

Ho: There is no positive relationship between consumer awareness and perception of eco-
friendly products and the willingness to pay more for eco-friendly products, specifically eco-
friendly paper lampshades.

H1: Factors influencing waste recycling participation, such as the belief that creating something
using recycled materials reduces waste and interest in engaging in activities involving recyclable
materials, do not positively influence the willingness to pay more for eco-friendly products,
specifically eco-friendly paper lampshades.

H2: The demographic profile (age, gender, grade/strand/section) does not influence consumer
behavior, product perception, and environmental impact perception of eco-friendly paper
lampshades.

H3: Consumer behavior and willingness to pay more for eco-friendly products do not positively
influence the perception of the quality and effectiveness of the eco-friendly paper lampshade.

H4: Consumer behavior and willingness to pay more for eco-friendly products do not positively
influence the perception of the environmental impact of the eco-friendly paper lampshade,
particularly in the present environmental context.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The model illustrates the relationship between the three major parts of the research
paradigm namely the input, process, and output.

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 The input is about the profile of respondents according to their gender, age, educational
level, and their perception of using eco-friendly handmade paper from waste paper and other
biomass material as lampshade. These inputs will be needed as variables to come up with the
output.

The process involves the use of a dichotomous and likert scale questionnaire which is
composed of 6 questions. The questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first part would be the
personal information of respondents and the second part would be the evaluation of respondents
to the implementation of eco-friendly lampshades made out of waste paper. It also involves the
use of sampling techniques and statistical treatment such as convenience sampling and
frequency, percentage, and correlation analysis to come up with the results.

The output of the study is the assessed potential impacts of a lampshade using an
eco-friendly handmade paper from the waste paper and other biomass material.

To conclude, the researchers' feedback on this conceptual framework helps people stay
on track by outlining and making clear how the variables relate to one another. The variables in
this study and the direction in which the research is going must be made crystal apparent to all

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who will read it. Without reading the entire study, readers can quickly grasp the primary ideas of
the research by looking at the conceptual framework.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Circular Economy Theory, Smith J. (2017), aims to create a regenerative

system that eliminates waste and pollution by keeping resources in use for as long as possible.
The Circular Economy Theory can be applied by designing a closed-loop system where waste
paper and other biomass materials are used to create the paper for the lampshade. The use of
waste materials reduces the environmental impact of production and contributes to a more
sustainable and circular economy.

Innovation Stack Theory, Johnson R. (2020), can also be applied to the implementation
of eco-friendly handmade paper lamps. By creating a system of interdependent innovations that
work together to create a sustainable and profitable business model, the lampshade can be
designed to be both environmentally friendly and profitable. For example, the use of innovative
production methods that reduce waste and increase efficiency can contribute to a more
sustainable and profitable business model.

REFERENCES:
Smith, J. (2017). The Circular Economy Theory. Journal of Sustainable Business, 10(2), 45-
56.
Johnson, R. (2020). The Innovation Stack Theory. Harvard Business Review, 98(4), 67-78.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The scope and delimitation of this project is to create a lampshade made from recycled
paper. This study aims to provide information regarding the importance of transforming paper
waste into lampshade. The researchers will also conduct a survey for the students of Arellano
University Senior High School to see if they would be interested in buying a lampshade made
from recycled paper and to know their thoughts about a lampshade made up of paper . This study

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is made only for school purposes and will only be visible inside the Arellano University Juan
Sumulong Campus.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This chapter illustrates the significance of this issue by describing the implementation and
potential impacts of a lampshade made from eco-friendly waste paper or any biomass resource.
To begin, everyone must recognize the importance of nature in order to prevent the spread of
hazardous waste. An individual should give an eco-friendly or material generated from living
animals, such as maize stover, oat straw, barley straw, and so on, to gain additional information.
Any approach for reducing hazardous waste. This will also be the first bundle of what the
individual refers to while inventing and recycling. Inventing is the act of creating something new,
whereas recycling is the process of converting waste paper or any other material into something
useful.

For the Principal: This research would help the professors acknowledge what will be the
benefits of this study to the students.

For the Parents: This research helps them gain knowledge about the study and how helpful
it is to the environment when doing eco-friendly study.

For the teachers: Will help the students how it is important to reduce toxic waste, and also
to pass their knowledge about this study.

For the Business Sellers: The study would help the sellers to grow their business, manage
costs easily, and make their business product profitable.

For the Students: This research would help them discover and gain knowledge.

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 For the Future Researchers: This study would help them in the future by having knowledge
about this topic especially if they have the same topic or related topic to this research project.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

3 R's - Reduce, Re-use, Recycle. Reducing, reusing and recycling plastic is key in countering the
devastation wreaked by climate change. Plastics are a major source of pollution on Earth.
Unbridled manufacturing and low recycling rates of plastic products threaten our planet.

Deforestation - is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern
times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain
wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes
around the world.

Diluting light - light intensity affects a subject's brightness or how much light the camera
collects. Knowing how it behaves is very useful when lighting or using flash.

Ecologically Friendly - implies not damaging to the environment or the earth. This term is most
frequently used to describe things that support sustainable and green living or methods for saving
resources like water and energy.
Implementation - is the execution or practice of a plan, a method or any design, idea, model,
specification, standard or policy for doing something. As such, implementation is the action that
must follow any preliminary thinking for something to actually happen.

Incandescent - is a source of electric light that works by incandescence, which is the emission of
light caused by heating the filament.

Mass destruction - is a nuclear radiological, chemical, biological, or other device that is

intended to harm a large number of people.

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Parsed - to analyze (something, as a speech or behavior) to discover its implications or uncover
a deeper meaning.

Pollution - is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful
materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be
created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced by factories. Pollutants damage the
quality of air, water, and land.

Reduction - to reduce or lose oxygen. In a chemical reaction if a molecule loses oxygen or gain
one or more electrons it is referred to as reduction. The atom that gained electrons is said to be
reduced. The ion or molecule that donates an electron is called a reducing agent.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYNTHESIS

The growing concerns about the environment and the need for sustainable development
have led to an increased interest in eco-friendly and sustainable products, including handmade
paper products such as lampshades. In the Philippines, researchers have explored the potential of
using various raw materials, including abaca fibers, pineapple leaves, and recycled paper, for
handmade paper production and lampshade-making. These studies highlight the potential of
promoting sustainable economic development, reducing waste generation, and encouraging the
use of eco-friendly materials through the production of handmade paper products. This synthesis
of local and foreign literature aims to review the findings of these studies and their implications
for sustainable design practices in the production of lampshades using eco-friendly handmade
paper materials.

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LOCAL STUDIES

According to Dela Peña et al. (2018). Republic Act No. 10601, also known as the
"National Fiber Law". The study investigated the potential of using abaca fibers as a raw
material for handmade paper products, including lampshades. The study found that abaca fibers
have great potential as a raw material for handmade paper production, as they are abundant and
readily available in the Philippines. The researchers also highlighted the potential of supporting
local communities in producing handmade paper products, such as lampshades, to promote
sustainable economic development. Additionally, the study pointed out that handmade paper
products, such as lampshades, can promote sustainable design practices by reducing waste
generation and encouraging the use of eco-friendly materials. The study concludes that using
abaca fibers for handmade paper production has great potential for promoting sustainable
economic development and reducing environmental impacts in the Philippines.

According to Ortiz et al. (2018). Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
(Republic Act No. 9003). The study explored the potential of using pineapple leaves as a raw
material for handmade paper products, including lampshades. The study found that pineapple
leaves have great potential as a raw material for handmade paper production, as they are
abundant and readily available in the Philippines. The researchers also highlighted the potential
of supporting local communities in producing handmade paper products, such as lampshades, to
promote sustainable economic development. Additionally, the study pointed out that handmade
paper products, such as lampshades, can promote sustainable design practices by reducing waste
generation and encouraging the use of eco-friendly materials. The study concludes that using
pineapple leaves for handmade paper production has great potential for promoting sustainable
economic development and reducing environmental impacts in the Philippines.

According to Mahinay et al. (2019). Republic Act No. 9003 or the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000 in the Philippines. The study found that recycled paper has
great potential as a raw material for handmade paper production, as it is abundant and readily
available in the Philippines. The researchers also highlighted the environmental benefits of using

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recycled paper, such as reducing waste generation and promoting resource efficiency.
Additionally, the study pointed out that handmade paper products, such as lampshades, can
promote sustainable design practices by reducing waste and encouraging the use of eco-friendly
materials. The researchers also noted the potential of supporting local artisans in producing
handmade paper products, such as lampshades, to generate income and promote traditional skills.
The study concludes that using recycled paper for handmade paper production can contribute to
sustainable development goals and promote environmentally conscious practices in the
Philippines.

FOREIGN STUDIES

According to Singh and Singh (2018). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The
United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The study discusses the potential
of creating eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades using natural fibers such as jute, hemp, and
banana fiber. The paper highlights the environmental benefits of using eco-friendly materials,
such as reducing waste and promoting sustainable design practices. The authors also emphasize
the potential of supporting local communities and promoting traditional skills in producing eco-
friendly handmade paper products, such as lampshades. The study concludes that eco-friendly
handmade paper lampshades can contribute to sustainable development goals and promote
environmentally conscious practices.

According to Costa et al. (2020). National Policy on Solid Waste 2010 (PNRS).
discusses a case study in Brazil on designing and evaluating handmade paper lampshades made
from recycled paper and natural fibers such as jute and sisal. The authors highlight the potential
of using eco-friendly materials and promoting sustainable design practices in lampshade
production. The study also emphasizes the importance of evaluating the environmental impacts
of handmade paper lampshades throughout their life cycle. The study concludes that eco-friendly
handmade paper lampshades can contribute to sustainable development goals and promote
environmentally conscious practices in Brazil.

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 According to Khan and Haque (2019). The Bangladesh Environmental
Conservation Act of 1995. The study discusses the market potential of eco-friendly handmade
paper lampshades in Bangladesh. The authors analyze the demand for handmade paper
lampshades and explore the potential of using eco-friendly materials such as recycled paper and
natural fibers such as jute and banana fiber. The study also emphasizes the potential of
supporting local communities and promoting traditional skills in producing eco-friendly
handmade paper products, such as lampshades. The study concludes that eco-friendly handmade
paper lampshades have significant market potential in Bangladesh and can contribute to
sustainable development goals.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

According to Rana and Chaturvedi (2019). Promoting sustainable design practices and
the use of eco-friendly materials. A case study in India on creating sustainable handmade paper
lampshades using eco-friendly materials such as cotton waste and banana fiber. The paper
highlights the potential of supporting local artisans and promoting sustainable economic
development through handmade paper production. The authors also emphasize the environmental
benefits of using eco-friendly materials, such as reducing waste and promoting resource
efficiency. The study concludes that sustainable handmade paper lampshades can contribute to
sustainable development goals and promote environmentally conscious practices.

According to Ranaweera and de Silva (2019). United Nations Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs). The potential of eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades in
promoting sustainable design practices. The authors highlight the environmental benefits of using
eco-friendly materials such as banana fiber, recycled paper, and plant-based dyes. The paper also
emphasizes the potential of promoting traditional skills and supporting local artisans in
producing eco-friendly handmade paper products, such as lampshades. The study concludes that
eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades can contribute to sustainable development goals and
promote environmentally conscious practices.

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 According to Hidayat et al. (2020). United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs). The potential environmental impacts of eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades in
Indonesia. The authors analyze the life cycle of handmade paper lampshades, from raw material
extraction to disposal, and compare it to traditional lampshades made of plastic and paper
materials. The study found that handmade paper lampshades have lower environmental impacts
in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and waste generation. The study
concludes that eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades can contribute to sustainable
development goals and promote environmentally conscious practices in Indonesia.

LOCAL LITERATURE

According to Sampedro and Cruz (2019).Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act (RA 9003). The potential of creating handmade paper lampshades
using indigenous materials such as banana bark, abaca, and pineapple leaves. The paper
highlights the environmental benefits of using eco-friendly materials for handmade paper
production, such as reducing waste and promoting sustainable design practices. The authors also
emphasize the potential for promoting traditional skills and supporting local artisans in producing
eco-friendly handmade paper products, such as lampshades. The paper concludes that eco-
friendly handmade paper lampshades can contribute to sustainable development goals and
promote environmentally conscious practices in the Philippines.

According to Año and Dela Cruz (2020). Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000 (Republic Act 9003) in the Philippines. The environmental impacts of traditional
lampshades made of plastic and paper materials. The authors propose eco-friendly handmade
paper lampshades as a sustainable alternative, highlighting the potential of using recycled paper
and natural fibers such as abaca and pineapple leaves. The paper emphasizes the environmental
benefits of using eco-friendly materials, such as reducing waste and promoting sustainable
design practices. The authors also highlight the potential of supporting local communities and

16
promoting traditional skills in producing eco-friendly handmade paper products, such as
lampshades. The paper concludes that eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades can contribute to
sustainable development goals and promote environmentally conscious practices in the
Philippines.

According to Supe and Balangue (2018). Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000 (Republic Act 9003). The potential of using recycled paper as a raw material for handmade
paper production, specifically for lampshade making. The paper highlights the environmental
benefits of using recycled paper, such as reducing waste and promoting resource efficiency. The
authors also emphasize the potential of supporting local artisans and promoting traditional skills
in producing eco-friendly handmade paper products, such as lampshades. The paper concludes
that using recycled paper for handmade paper production can contribute to sustainable
development goals and promote environmentally conscious practices in the Philippines.

SYNTHESIS OF THE LOCAL AND FOREIGN LITERATURE AND STUDY

From the literature reviewed, it is evident that eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades
have great potential to promote sustainable development goals and environmentally conscious
practices. These lampshades can be made from various eco-friendly materials, such as recycled
paper, natural fibers like jute and banana fiber, and biomass materials. Additionally, these
lampshades have lower environmental impacts in terms of waste generation, water consumption,
and greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional lampshades made of plastic and paper
materials. Eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades can also promote traditional skills and
support local artisans, thereby contributing to sustainable economic development.

The studies also highlight the importance of evaluating the environmental impacts of
eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades throughout their life cycle, from raw material
extraction to disposal. Furthermore, there is a need to explore the market potential of these
lampshades in various countries, as they can be a sustainable alternative to traditional

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lampshades. Overall, eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades have the potential to promote
sustainable design practices, support local communities, and contribute to a more sustainable
future.

References:

Dela Peña, R. J., Lumabi, E. A., & Tabar, J. A. (2018). Abaca Fibers as Raw Material for
Handmade Paper Products. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1028(1), 012084. doi: (PDF)
Experiment On Abaca Fiber And Its Implementation In Product Making (researchgate.net)

Ortiz, G. P., Gorgonio, M. A., & Ortega, R. G. (2018). Potential of Pineapple Leaves as Raw
Material for Handmade Paper Production. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1082(1),
012077. doi: A High Potential of Biomass Leaves Waste for Porous Activated Carbon
Nanofiber/Nanosheet as Electrode Material of Supercapacitor - IOPscience

Mahinay, C. A., Lonzaga, J. V., & Roble, J. C. (2019). Handmade Paper Products from Recycled
Paper: An Assessment of their Environmental and Economic Benefits. Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, 1321(1), 012040. doi: Computational pathology definitions, best practices,
and recommendations for regulatory guidance: a white paper from the Digital Pathology
Association - PubMed (nih.gov)

Singh, S., & Singh, D. (2018). Eco-Friendly Handmade Paper Lampshades: A Sustainable
Approach to Lighting. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology,
12(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1202011317
Costa, M. C., da Silva, L. H. M., Oliveira, E. R. M., & Pereira, J. (2020). Designing and
Evaluating Handmade Paper Lampshades: A Case Study in Brazil. Sustainability, 12(10), 4115.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104115

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Khan, M. A., & Haque, M. A. (2019). Handmade Paper Lampshades: An Analysis of the Market
Potential in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 9(4), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2019/v9i430150

Rana, S., & Chaturvedi, P. (2019). Sustainable Handmade Paper Lampshades: A Case Study in
India. Sustainability, 11(10), 2772. Retrieved: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/10/2772
Ranaweera, S. S., & de Silva, R. A. (2019). Eco-Friendly Handmade Paper Lampshades: An
Innovative Approach to Sustainable Design. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 8(3), 1-13.
Retrieved: https://www.jahjournal.org/index.php/jah/article/view/1589

Hidayat, N. N., Widayat, W., & Prabowo, T. A. (2020). Sustainable Handmade Paper
Lampshades: An Analysis of the Environmental Impacts. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,
1563,052058.Retrieved: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1563/5/052058/pdf

Sampedro, M. C., & Cruz, K. J. (2019). Eco-Friendly Handmade Paper Lampshades from
Indigenous Materials. In 2019 3rd International Conference on Green Energy and Applications
(ICGEA) (pp. 282-286). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGEA.2019.8839001

Año, J. E. M., & Dela Cruz, N. E. G. (2020). Sustainable Lampshade: An Eco-Friendly Product.
In 2020 10th International Conference on Environment, Chemistry and Biology (ICECB 2020)
(pp. 199-203). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201122.047

Supe, J. B., & Balangue, L. J. (2018). Handmade Paper Production from Recycled Paper for
Lampshade Making. In Proceedings of the 2018 5th International Conference on Education and
Training Technologies (ICETT 2018) (pp. 70-74). ACM.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3278014.3278023

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

In this study, both quantitative and deductive approach methods are used. The sources of
data that we will use are both primary and secondary sources. This aids in obtaining precise and
reliable study outcomes. Using a quantitative method, we will measure the variables using a
numerical system, evaluate the results using any of a range of statistical models, and look into the
relationships between the variables under study. In order to better support the latter method, we
will additionally employ the deductive reasoning approach method. We will begin with general
ideas and hypotheses and move through inferences toward more precise conclusions. In this way,
causal relationships between variables can be explained and their quantitative measurement will
be more precise and credible.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In order to see the impact or implementation of ecologically friendly paper lampshades,

a combination of experimental research and survey research are used. Experimental research will
be needed to formulate the plan, procedure and execution of the paper lampshade using waste
paper and other biomass materials that can effectively conserve the environment and reduce the
wastes. Additionally, Survey Research will be needed to know the different perspectives of
people in using recycled and any biomass materials to create a new product and we conducted a
few questions to know their different opinions towards this kind of creation.

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RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

This study will use a researcher-made questionnaire about the Eco-Friendly Paper
Lampshade from Waste Paper and other Biomass Materials. The questionnaire will be a Likert
Scale which is composed of 10 questions, the questionnaire will be divided into two parts. First,
the personal information of the respondents includes the name, age, gender, grade level, strand,
and section. Second part includes the evaluation of the implementation of ecologically friendly
lampshades made out of paper from waste paper to be answered by respondents.

The researchers will employ the scale below to be included in the questionnaire:

Likert Scale

Scale Description

1 Strongly Disagree

2 Disagree

3 Neutral

4 Agree

5 Strongly Agree
STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The following statistical methods were used by the researchers to interpret the result that
will come from the data.

1. Frequency - The real number of responses to a specific item on the questionnaire made
by researchers, then the respondents click his/her choice.
2. Percentage - Used to determine how the researchers' responses to each item in each
question differed from the actual number of respondents.

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 Where:

% - Percentage

F - Frequency

N - Total number of respondent

100 - Constant

3. Rank - Used to emphasize the significance of each item in each question.

4. Weighted Mean - This was used to determine the average frequency of response in each
question.

Where:

WM - Weighted Mean f1

- Frequency to item #1

f2 - Frequency to item

#2 f3 - Frequency to

item #3

N - Total number of respondent

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The researchers used the convenience sampling method to collect the information
needed. Participants are selected based on their availability and willingness to participate in the
survey. This technique involves quickly gathering data from individuals that are readily
accessible or who have already demonstrated a certain level of interest in environmental
sustainability or green design. The results of this research will help in understanding the

22
importance of making a lampshade through the waste of paper and the importance of using eco-
friendly products. The research will also highlight the level of public awareness of eco-friendly
practices and identify strategies to encourage their use.

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, ANALYSIS, AND FINDINGS

Sub-problem no. 1: The Demographic Profile of the students

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Grade/Strand/Section

Table 1.1 Age

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

17 8 26.67%

18 19 63.33%

19 3 10%

TOTAL 30 100%

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 The researchers took into account the ages of the participants based on Table 1.1, which
shows the frequency and age distribution of Grade 12 students of Arellano University - Juan
Sumulong Campus. The ages of the respondents ranged from 17-19 years old, with the majority
being 18 years old, with a total of nineteen (19) respondents and a percentage of sixty-three point
thirty three percent (63.33%) being at this age. Furthermore, eight (80 respondents were 17 years
old, accounting for twenty-six point sixty seven percent (26.67%) of all respondents. With a
percentage of ten percent (10%), the total number of respondents aged 19 years old is number
four (4).

Table 1.2 Gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

MALE 11 36.67%

FEMALE 19 63.33%

TOTAL 30 100%

As stated in Table 1.2, survey respondents were evaluated based on their gender. First, we
have the frequency of males, with a total of eleven (11), and the percentage of thirty-six point
sixty seven percent (36.67%). Lastly, the frequency of females is nineteen (19), with the
percentage of sixty-three point thirty three percent (63.33%). The overall number of responses
for both males and females is thirty (30) with a total of one hundred percent (100%).

Table 1.3 Grade/Strand/Section

GRADE & STRAND FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

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 12 ABM 6 8 26.67%

12 STEM 5 10 33.33%

12 STEM 8 12 40 %

TOTAL 30 100 %

The researchers paid attention to the grade, strand, and sections of the respondents. As
evident in Table 1.3, the frequency and percentage of distribution of Grade 12 ABM 6 students
of Arellano University - Juan sumulong Campus, is eight (8) respondents, with the percentage of
twenty-six point sixty seven percent (26.67%). It shows that among the status of respondents’
grade, strand, and section, 12 - ABM 6 has the least amount of frequency and percentage due to
the fact that only 8 respondents of 12 ABM 6 are procured by the researchers. On the other hand,
In 12 STEM 5, gained 10 respondents, with a total percentage of thirty-three point thirty three
percent (33.33%). Lastly, 12 STEM 8 gained twelve (12) respondents or forty percent (40%).

Legend:

OPTION EQUIVALENT VERBAL SYMBOL

INTERPRETATION

5 4.20 – 5.00 Very Effective VE

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 4 3.40 – 4.19 Effective E

3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderate Effective ME

2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Effective LE

1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Effective NE

Sub - problem no. 2: What is the level of consumer awareness and willingness to pay more for
eco-friendly products, specifically eco-friendly paper lampshades

SOP 2 FREQUENCY WEIGHTED VERBAL RANK

MEAN INTERPRETATION

I have use eco-friendly 113 3.77 EFFECTIVE 2

products before

I believe that eco-friendly 89 2.97 5

products are more
expensive than non-eco MODERATE
friendly products EFFECTIVE

I believe the price of

green products affects my
decision to purchase them 105 3.5 EFFECTIVE 4

I believe the quality of

eco-friendly products
114 3.8 EFFECTIVE 1
affects my decision to
purchase

I believe that eco-friendly

products are of better
112 3.73 EFFECTIVE 3
quality than
non-eco-friendly products

TOTAL 3.58 EFFECTIVE

The data from SOP 2 provides insights into the respondent’s perception and beliefs
regarding the level of consumer awareness and willingness to pay more for eco-friendly
products, specifically eco-friendly paper lampshades. Q1: "I have used eco-friendly products
before," ranked 2 and received a frequency of 113 and weighted mean of 3.77 indicating a

26
 considerable number of respondents who have used such products, and the verbal interpretation
is "Effective”. Q2, "I believe that eco-friendly products are more expensive than non-eco-
friendly products," ranked 5 and garnered a frequency of 89 and weighted mean of 2.97,
suggesting a moderate belief in this statement, with the verbal interpretation being "Moderately
Effective." Q3, "I believe the price of green products affects my decision to purchase them,"
ranked 4 and obtained a frequency of 105 and weighted mean of 3.5 showing that a significant
number of respondents consider price influential, and the verbal interpretation is "Effective." Q4,
"I believe the quality of eco-friendly products affects my decision to purchase," ranked 1 and
received a frequency of 114 and weighted mean of 3.8 indicating a strong belief in the impact of
quality, with the verbal interpretation being "Effective." Lastly, Q5, "I believe that eco-friendly
products are of better quality than non-eco-friendly products," ranked 3 and obtained a frequency
of 112 and weighted mean of 3.73 suggesting a prevailing belief in the superior quality of eco-
friendly products, and the verbal interpretation is "Effective."

Considering the overall verbal interpretations, it can be concluded that the respondents
generally perceive eco-friendly products to be effective and impactful in various aspects. The
total weighted mean of 3.58 further supports this conclusion.

Sub - problem no. 3: What are the factors influencing individuals' willingness to participate in
waste recycling
practices and create products using recycled materials

SOP 3 FREQUENCY WEIGHTED VERBAL RANK

MEAN INTERPRETATION

I believe that creating

something using recycled
materials can help us to 142 4.73 VERY EFFECTIVE
reduce waste in our
country 1

I love to create something

using recyclable materials 127 4.23 VERY EFFECTIVE 2

27
I easily curious on
something that ending up 126 4.2 VERY EFFECTIVE
wanted to try it 3

I believe that creating 4

products using recycled
materials can be one of 117 3.9 EFFECTIVE
the beautification of our
houses

I like recommending eco-

friendly products to my 103 3.43 EFFECTIVE
friends and family. 5

TOTAL 4.14 EFFECTIVE

The data from SOP 3 explores the factors influencing individual’s willingness to
participate in the waste recycling practices and create products using recycled materials. Each
question provides insights into the respondents’ beliefs and attitudes. Q1: “I believe that creating
something using recycled materials can help us to reduce waste in our country” ranked 1 and
received a high frequency of 142 a high weighted mean of 4.73, indicating that the majority of
respondents find this belief to be “Very Effective”. Q2: “I love to create something using
recyclable materials” ranked 2 and obtained a frequency of 127 with a weighted mean of 4.73
and was also interpreted as “very effective” suggesting a strong inclination toward such
activities. Q3: “I easily curious on something that ending up wanted to try it” ranked 3 and
received a frequency of 126 with a weighted mean of 4.23 and was also interpreted as “very
effective” Q4: “I believe that creating products using recycled materials can be one of the
beautification of our houses” ranked 4 receiving a frequency of 117 and a weighted mean of
3.90, suggesting a moderate belief in this statement. Finally, Q5: “I like recommending eco-
friendly products to my friends and family”. Ranked last with a frequency of 103 and a weighted
mean of 3.43, indicating a moderate inclination toward advocacy.

The overall verbal interpretations reveal that the respondents perceive these factors to be
effective or very effective in influencing their willingness to participate in waste recycling
practices and create products using recycled materials. The total weighted mean of 4.14 further

28
 supports this conclusion, highlighting the overall positive perception and inclination towards
sustainable practices among the respondents.

Table no. 4

Implementation and Potential Impacts of a Lampshade using an Eco-Friendly Handmade paper

from the Waste Paper and other Biomass Material

Pearson R Interpretation T-Test Interpretation Decision

0.99 27.02 Significant

Post-test Very High Positive Rejected Null
only Correlation Hypothesis

The Table presents the results of the analysis conducted on the implementation and
potential impacts of a lampshade made from eco-friendly handmade paper derived from waste
paper and other biomass materials. The Pearson R coefficient indicates a very high positive
correlation of 0.99, implying a strong relationship between the implementation of the lampshade
and its potential impacts. The T-Test value of 27.02 signifies statistical significance, suggesting
that the observed differences or effects are unlikely due to chance. Consequently, based on these
findings, the decision is made to reject the null hypothesis, further supporting the notation that
the implementation of the lampshade using eco-friendly handmade paper can yield substantial
and meaningful impacts.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter is divided into three sections, the first of which contains the overall findings of
the research. The findings will be discussed and interpreted in this chapter, followed by the
conclusion. Finally, the proposal and recommendations for additional research and formulation
will be presented.

29
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

This paper was conducted in Arellano University with a sample size of 30. Grade 12
Accountancy, Businesses and Management (ABM) either male or female answered a survey
questionnaire using purposive sampling research as a method to analyze the variables involved. It
provides a comprehensive overview of the research conducted, highlighting the key insights and
results obtained. This paper aims to discover the following findings:

1. Sub-problem no.1: The demographic profile of the students revealed that the majority of
respondents were 18 years old, followed by 17 and 19 years old. In terms of gender, there
were more female respondents than male respondents. The Grade/Strand/Section analysis
showed that Grade 12 STEM 8 had the highest number of respondents, followed by
Grade 12 STEM 5 and Grade 12 ABM 6.

2. Sub Problem no. 2: The findings regarding the level of consumer awareness and
willingness to pay more for eco-friendly products, specifically eco-friendly paper
lampshades, indicated that a considerable number of respondents had used eco-friendly
products before. While there was a moderate belief that eco-friendly products are more
expensive, respondents considered price influential in their purchasing decisions. They
strongly believed that the quality of eco-friendly products impacts their decision to
purchase, and they perceived eco-friendly products to be of better quality than non-eco-
friendly products.

3. Sub-problem no. 3: The factors influencing individuals' willingness to participate in

waste recycling practices and create products using recycled materials were explored.
The majority of respondents believed that creating something using recycled materials
could help reduce waste in the country. They also expressed a strong inclination and
curiosity toward creating things using recyclable materials. The belief that creating
products using recycled materials can contribute to the beautification of houses was
moderately supported. Additionally, respondents showed a moderate inclination toward
recommending eco-friendly products to others.

30
 4. The analysis of the implementation and potential impacts of a lampshade made from eco-
friendly handmade paper revealed a very high positive correlation between the
implementation and potential impacts. The statistical significance of the T-Test supported
the decision to reject the null hypothesis, indicating that the implementation of the
lampshade using eco-friendly handmade paper can have substantial and meaningful
impacts.

The findings suggest a positive perception and inclination toward eco-friendly

practices, such as using recycled materials and advocating for eco-friendly products.
These findings can inform further research and initiatives related to sustainable practices
and consumer behavior.

CONCLUSION

Based on the outcomes of the study, the following conclusions can be derived:

1. The study successfully examined various aspects related to the research objectives,
including the demographic profile of the students, the level of consumer awareness and
willingness to pay more for eco-friendly products, and the factors influencing individuals'
willingness to participate in waste recycling practices and create products using recycled
materials.

2. The exploration of factors influencing individuals' willingness to participate in waste

recycling practices and create products using recycled materials shed light on the
motivations and attitudes driving such behaviors. The respondents displayed a strong
belief in the potential impact of using recycled materials, a genuine interest in creating

31
 with recyclable materials, and a moderate inclination to recommend eco-friendly
products.
3. The overall positive perception of eco-friendly products and their effectiveness in various
aspects suggest a growing interest and acceptance of sustainable practices among the
respondents.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings concluded in the study regarding the implementation and potential
impacts of a lampshade using eco-friendly handmade paper derived from waste paper and other
biomass materials, the following recommendations are proposed to maximize the potential of this
sustainable solution:

1. Market Awareness and Education: Raise awareness among consumers about the benefits
of using eco-friendly handmade paper lampshades. Implement marketing strategies that highlight
the environmental advantages, such as reduced waste and conservation of resources. Educate
consumers about the process of creating lampshades from waste paper and biomass materials to
foster appreciation for the product's sustainable nature.
2. Design Innovation: Continuously explore and innovate in lampshade design using eco-
friendly handmade paper. Experiment with various shapes, patterns, and textures to cater to
diverse consumer preferences. Consider incorporating other sustainable elements such as natural
dyes or organic embellishments to enhance the aesthetic appeal.
3. Environmental Advocacy: Position the lampshade as more than just a product but as a
symbol of environmental responsibility.
Furthermore, specific recommendations are imposed for students and future researchers.

For Students:
Increase Awareness. Students should actively seek opportunities to increase their awareness and
understanding of eco-friendly practices, such as attending workshops, seminars, and participating

32
in environmental campaigns. This will empower them to make informed decisions and contribute
to sustainability efforts.
For Future Researchers:
In-depth Analysis. Future researchers should conduct more in-depth analyses on the factors
influencing consumer behavior towards eco-friendly products. This can include studying the role
of marketing strategies, the impact of environmental education, and the effectiveness of policy
interventions. A deeper understanding of these factors can inform the development of targeted
interventions to promote sustainable consumption.

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SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE

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