Quarter 4

Gas Law (Charles’s Law) Module 2

Volume and Temperature at

Constant Pressure of a Gas
Volume and Temperature (Charles’s Law)

Lesson 1
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Learning Competencies
Investigate the relationship between
:Volume and Temperature at constant
Pressure of a gas
Thus, you are expected to:

1.Name the variables involved in Charles’s

Law
2.Describe the relationship between Volume
and Temperature when Pressure is constant.
3.Cite Charles’s law applications in real life
situations.
 PRE - ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read and answer carefully the questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. How can you possibly prove that gases have
negligible mass?

A. Support your claim through equation.

B. Ask two persons to hold a box filled with air.
C. Feel the weight of the samples on both sides.
D. Put a balloon in a digital balance before and
after you fill it with air .
2.What gas law best explains the
explosion of the heated aerosol
container?

A. Boyle’s law
B. Combined gas law
C. Charles’s law
D. Ideal gas law
3.Which of the following phenomena best
illustrates Charles’s law?

A. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water

B. Breathing apparatus used by a patient.
C. Expansion of the balloon submerged in hot
water.
D. Leavening agent causing the fluffiness of
cake products.
4.Which of the following samples is highly
compressible at high pressure and
expandable at high temperature?

A. Aluminum sheet C. Oxygen gas

B. Ice D. Water
5.What variable is constant in
Charles’s law?

A. Pressure C. Volume
B. Temperature D. Moles
6.How does the temperature affect the
average kinetic energy of gas molecules? As
the temperature decreases the average
kinetic energy of gas molecules _______.

A. decreases
B. fluctuates
C. increases
D. remains the same
7.Which graph shows the correct relationship
between volume and temperature?
8.Which of the material is used to
measure the atmospheric temperature?

A. Anemometer C. Spectrometer
B. Barometer D. Thermometer
10.If 100 ml of H2 gas was collected at 500C,
what is the new volume of gas when the
temperature reaches 750C, at the same
pressure?

A. 107.74 ml C. 109.74 ml
B. 108.74 ml D. 110.74 ml
 WHAT’S IN

Directions: Write TRUE if the postulate is accurate and FALSE if the postulate is flawed.
1. The molecules of a gas occupy negligible volume.
2. Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic
(that is, no energy is gained nor lost during the
collision).
3. There are negligible, attractive or repulsive forces
between molecules.
4. The average kinetic energy of a molecule is
constant.
5. When the volume decreases the pressure also
decreases.
WHAT’S NEW
ACTIVITY NO. 1 – EGG IN A BOTTLE

Objective:
Demonstrate the relationship between temperature and pressure of gas.

Materials:
2 boiled eggs (peeled) hot water Piece of paper
match or lighter 2 empty glass bottle(medium size mouth)
ACTIVITY NO. 1 – EGG IN A BOTTLE

Objective:
Demonstrate the relationship between temperature and
pressure of gas.

Materials:
2 boiled eggs (peeled) hot water
Piece of paper match or lighter 2 empty glass
bottle(medium size mouth)
Procedure:

1. Set a piece of paper on fire and put it in the empty

bottle.
2. Place the smaller end of the egg on the mouth of the
bottle. Observe.
3. Pour hot water into the second bottle. ( Make sure the
water is really hot. Be careful while pouring).
4. Place another egg on the mouth of the bottle ( smaller
end pointing down). Observe.

Caution: Be careful when handling hot objects.

1.Why do you think the egg descended inside the bottle
when heat was applied?

2.What gas law is demonstrated in this activity? Support

your answer.

Conclusion: __________________________________________

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY NO. 2 – CHANGING TEMPERATURE

Objective:
Demonstrate the relationship between temperature and volume of a
gas.

Materials:
Rubber balloon stainless drinking jug (medium size mouth)
Procedure:

1. Fill the jug with hot water.(Make sure the water is

really hot).
2. Stretch the inflated balloon over the mouth of the jug.
Observe.
3. After 30 minutes of observation.
4. Transfer the jug in a basin of ice and water . Observe.
5. Get the initial and final reading of the balloon’s
circumference when placed with hot water and basin
of ice and water.
Caution: Be careful when handling hot objects.
1.What happened when the balloon was placed in a hot/
boiling water? In cold water?
2.What gas law is demonstrated in this activity? Support
your answer.

Conclusion: __________________________________________

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
WHAT IS IT
GAS
is a very interesting state of matter. Unlike solids and liquids,
gases cannot be seen and touched but they surround us. The
interesting properties and various uses of gases, scientists such as
Robert Boyle and Jacques Charles made significant discoveries
about gases. A gas has no definite shape because the forces
between its molecules are so small that they can move freely and
randomly. It can also compress or expand depending on its
environment. Because gases are invisible to the naked eye, they
can be observed through four physical properties: pressure,
volume, amount of gas, and temperature.
PRESSURE
Did you know that gases exert pressure on our skin? But
because humans have already adapted to the amount of pressure
exerted by gases, this physical property is negligible.

Pressure (P) can be defined as force applied per unit area. One
standard unit of pressure is pascal (Pa), which is defined as one
newton per square meter (1Pa=1N/m2)

In equation: P = F/A where: P= pressure F=force A = area

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Is the pressure exerted by the Earth’s atmosphere
and can be measured using a barometer. This apparatus
was invented by Evangelista Torricelli in the 17th century.
Torricelli’s barometer is made up of a glass tube
measuring 760 millimeters long. It is closed at one end
and is filled with mercury. If the atmospheric pressure is
more than the weight of the mercury, the mercury level
rises, and vice versa.
Common Units for Volume and Pressure
VOLUME
Volume (V) is generally described as the
space occupied by a given matter. As for
gases, they do not have definite shape but
occupy the space of the container. If we fill a
balloon with gas, the gas molecules will
spread evenly in the balloon and take up the
available space.
TEMPERATURE
Temperature (T) is the hotness or coldness ( or the average
kinetic energy) of an object and can be measured using a
thermometer. For gases, as the temperature increases, the
kinetic energy gets higher. Lord Kelvin identified -273.150C as the
absolute zero or lowest attainable temperature. Absolute zero
scale is known to be Kelvin temperature scale.

0K = -273.150C. Thus, the freezing point of water becomes

273.15K or 00C
Celsius to Kelvin Formula : K=0C+273.15
GAS LAW RELATIONSHIP
The gas laws are the product of century’s worth of
experimentation. Many scientists have studied the
behavior of gases at various conditions but only a few of
them were recognized until the present time. The gas
laws presented in the following discussion were named
after the scientists who made significant contributions in
explaining the relationship of the four physical properties
of gases and their uses in everyday life.
BOYLE’S: THE VOLUME-PRESSURE
RELATIONSHIP
Robert Boyle(1627-1691) was a British chemist who
made a significant contribution in Chemistry and Physics.
He studied the relationship of volume and pressure at
constant temperature. It states that at constant
temperature and fixed amount of gas, pressure is
inversely proportional to volume. It means that when the
pressure is high, the volume of the gas decreases.
Conversely, if the pressure is low, the volume increases.
BOYLE’S LAW
SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Example 1. At room temperature, a gas occupies 2.8 L at

a pressure of 2.5 atm. What will be its final volume if the
pressure is decreased to 1.3 atm?

Example 2.A tank of oxygen has an initial volume of

300ml and a pressure of 8.2 atm. What is the final
pressure in torr if the volume is doubly increased?
Example 1. At room temperature, a gas occupies 2.8 L at a
pressure of 2.5 atm. What will be its final volume if the
pressure is decreased to 1.3 atm?
Example 2.A tank of oxygen has an initial volume of 300ml
and a pressure of 8.2 atm. What is the final pressure in
torr if the volume is doubly increased?
APPLICATION
The spray cans used for air fresheners or paint use the
concept of Boyle’s law, pressing the spray can increase the
pressure inside it. Thus, the liquid inside the can escapes through
the nozzle.

Gas particle have a very weak intermolecular force of

attraction, hence they move as far as possible from each other.
They have the tendency to occupy all the spaces they are
contained in. If the pressure is increased, the volume will be
decreased forcing the gas particles to move closer to one another
KMT ON BOYLE’S LAW
When the volume of a gas decreased, more molecules are
crowded in a smaller space. At constant temperature, the
average kinetic energy of the molecules remains the same. So the
gas molecules move with a fairly constant velocity. In a space
crowded with more molecules, more molecules will strike a given
area of the wall in a given time. Because of the shorter distance,
a given molecule will also strike the same unit area in a greater
number of times. Thus, gas pressure increases as volume
decreases at a given temperature.
KMT ON BOYLE’S LAW

When a gas expands, its molecules move in a

larger volume. With no change in average kinetic
energy of the molecules, there will be less number
of collisions by molecules with a given area of the
wall. Thus, we observe that pressure decreases as
volume increases for a given amount of gas at
constant temperature.
CHARLES’S LAW
Boyle’s law depends on a system with constant
temperature. But how does temperature affect the volume and
pressure of a gas?

Jacques Charles (1746-1823), a physicist and balloonist,

studied the behavior of gases as the temperature changes. His
study shows that at constant pressure and amount of gas, volume
is directly proportional to temperature. This came to be known as
Charles’s law.
CHARLES’S LAW
SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Example 1. If a gas cooled down from 300C to

200C, what would be its final volume if the
initial volume was 2.3L?

Example 2. Calculate the temperature when

1.5L at 380C is compressed? To 700 ml?
Example 1. If a gas cooled down from 300C to 200C,
what would be its final volume if the initial volume
was 2.3L?
Example 2. Calculate the temperature when
1.5L at 380C is compressed? To 700 ml?
APPLICATION
Have you ever played ping pong? When you hit a ping pong
ball hard enough, it would create a dent in the ball. When a
dented ping pong ball is placed in a heated saucepan half-filled
with water. The gas inside the pingpong ball will expand because
of the increase of the temperature. Restoring its original shape.
Charles’s law can be observed in hot air balloons and weather
balloons. When gas is heated, the gas inside the balloons expands
and / or becomes lighter or less dense. This makes the hot air
balloon float.
KMT ON CHARLES’S LAW
KMT states that the kinetic energy of gas molecules varies directly
with the temperature. As the temperature increases, the molecules move
faster. If the volume is fixed, the molecules would be colliding more time
with a unit area of the wall. This would then increase the gas pressure. To
maintain the pressure constant ( the same number of collisions per unit area
of the wall per unit time), when temperature is increased, the volume of
the gas has to increase. When the volume increases, the distance traveled
by a gas molecule before it gain a particular area of the wall is increased.
Thus, the increased number of collisions is distributed over a large surface
area. The number of collisions per unit area per unit time is maintained or is
constant.
KMT ON CHARLES’S LAW
The assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory fit very
well the observed variation of pressure and volume of gas with its
temperature as stated by Charles’s law.

At absolute zero (0K),the molecules would stop moving.

Their kinetic energy is reduced to zero. Actually, this temperature
is never reached by gases. All gases have already changed to
liquid or solid phase before this temperature is attained. The
lowest boiling substance is He; its boiling point is ( - 268.90C).
WHAT’S MORE
________ 1. If a sample of a gas is heated from 500C to 1000C, the
volume will double.
________ 2. If a sample of a gas is heated from 00C to 2730C, the
volume will double.
________ 3. If a sample of a gas is cooled from 12730C to 5000C, the
volume will decrease by factor of 2.
________ 4. If a sample of a gas is cooled from 10000C to 2000C, the
volume will decrease by a factor of 5.

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true and

FALSE if it is false.
WHAT HAVE I
LEARNED
SYNTHESIS

• The gas laws relate the physical properties of volume,

pressure, temperature, and amount of moles to each
other.

• Gas is one of the phases of matter. It has no definite

shape and size. It can be compressed easily.
Properties of gases, include mass, volume, temperature, and pressure..

O The amount of a gas or its mass could be expressed in moles or grams.

The mass of gasses is negligible.
O The volume of a gas is the amount of space occupied by the gases. Gases
have the tendency to occupy all the spaces of the container that they are
confined. They have weak intermolecular force of attraction hence, they
are arranged as far away as possible from each other.
O The temperature of a gas is the measure of the hotness or coldness of an
object. It is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules. It
can be measured in Celsius or Kelvin, Kelvin is the absolute scale.
O The pressure of a confined gas is the average effect of the forces of the
colliding molecules. It can be measured in atmosphere, torr, psi, cmHg or
mmHg.
 A gas that obeys the assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular
Theory is an ideal gas.
Not all gases behave ideally. Most of the gases found in nature
conform to the principles of Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, Gay-
Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, and Combined Gas law.
The behavior of the gas molecules can be explained by the
Kinetic Molecular Theory. It states that:
a) Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from
molecule to molecule are far greater than the molecules’
dimensions. These molecules can be considered as spherical
bodies which possess negligible mass and volume.
b) Gas molecules are always in constant random motion and they
frequently collide with each other and with the walls of the
container. Collisions among molecules are perfectly elastic, that
is, energy may transfer from molecule to molecule as the result
of collision, but the total energy of all the molecules in the
system remains the same/constant.
c) There is negligible attractive or repulsive force between or
among gas molecules.
d) Movement of gas molecules is affected by temperature. The
average kinetic of the molecules is directly related to the
temperature of gas.
WHAT I CAN DO
 ASSESSMENT
(POST TEST)

Directions: Read and answer carefully the questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. How can you possibly prove that gases have
negligible mass?

A. Support your claim through equation.

B. Ask two persons to hold a box filled with air.
C. Feel the weight of the samples on both sides.
D. Put a balloon in a digital balance before and
after you fill it with air .
2. The temperature of Nitrogen gas contained in a not rigid vessel is reduced
from 1000C to 500C? Which of the following describes the resulting behavior of
Nitrogen gas molecules?

I. The average kinetic energy suddenly increases, thus the pressure increases.
II. The average kinetic energy suddenly decreases, thus the pressure
decreases.
III. The volume occupied by the gas molecules suddenly increases, thus the
container shrinks.
IV. The volume occupied by the gas molecules suddenly decreases, thus the
container expands.

A.I & II B.II & IV C. I & IV D.II & III

3. A balloon with a volume of 200ml at 300C is submerged
in hot water to obtain a temperature of 500C. Find out
what will happen to the volume of the balloon, provided
the pressure remains the same.

A. The volume of the balloon will stay the same.

B. The volume of the balloon will become lower than
200ml.
C. The volume of the balloon will become higher than
200ml.
D. The volume of the balloon will become so high that it
will burst.
4. Which graph shows the correct relationship
between volume and temperature?
5.How is the temperature in Celsius
converted into Kelvin?

A. 0C + 200 = K C. 0C + 273 = K
B. 0C + 263 = K D. 0C + 283 = K
6.What is the relationship between
volume and temperature?

A. Direct relationship
B. Interrelated
C. Inverse relationship
D. No significant relationship
7. Which is an application of Charles’s
law?

A. A tire explode
B. Hot Air balloon
C. Pressing a perfume
D. Pricking a balloon
8. Why does a hot air balloon floats in air?

A. There are more particles inside the balloon than the

surrounding air.
B. The cooler air outside the balloon pushes in on the
walls of the balloon.
C. The pressure on the walls of the balloon increases
with increasing temperature.
D. The density of the warmer air inside the balloon is less
than the density of the surrounding air.
9.What is the temperature of a hot air
balloon if it reaches a maximum of
1200C?

A.120K C.273K
B. 153K D. 393K
10.Which of the following actions can
increase the occupied volume of a confined
gas?

A. Apply pressure
B. Heat the container
C. Sit it in an ice basin
D. Prick the container
A sample of Nitrogen gas (N2) has a volume of
2.0 L at an initial temperature of 10.0C. The
same amount of gas was heated to a
temperature of 60.00C. what will be the gas’s
new volume assuming that the pressure was
kept constant?

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES