‫المختصر المفيد من خبرات د‪ /‬صبري‬

‫سعيد في أنظمة مكافحة الحريق‬

‫‪FIRE FIGHTING GUIDE‬‬

‫‪Dr. Eng. SABRY SAID‬‬

‫‪A) FIRE‬‬ ‫‪2024‬‬
‫‪Hydrant‬‬
 The Hydrant
Connection.
• NFPA 24 CH7, ITEM 7.1.1 Hydrants shall be of approved type
and have not less than a 6 in. (152 mm) diameter connection
with the mains.
• 7.1.1.1 A valve shall be installed in the hydrant connection.
• 7.1.1.3 Independent gate valves on 2½ in. (64 mm) outlets shall
be permitted.
• 7.1.2* Hydrant outlet threads shall have NHS external threads
as specified in NFPA 1963.
• 7.1.4* Hydrants on private service mains shall not be equipped
with pumper outlets unless the calculated demand for large
hose [3½ in. (88.9 mm) and larger] is added to the attack hose
and sprinkler system demands when determining the total
demand on the fire protection water supply.
• 7.2.3* Hydrants shall be located not less than 40 ft (12.2 m)
from the buildings to be protected.
• 7.2.4 If space not available, approval by Civil Defense Authority
is required
• 7.3.3* The center of a hose outlet shall be not less than 18 in.
(457 mm) above final grade shall be protected if subject to
mechanical damage.
• 18.5.7.1
A 36 IN (914 mm) clear space shall be maintained around the circumference of
fire hydrants, except as otherwise required or approved.( NFPA 18.5. 7 / NFPA219 )
• 18.5.7.2
A clear space of not less than 60 in. (1524 mm) shall be provided in front of
each hydrant connection having a diameter greater than 21/2 in. (64 mm).
• The hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water, on the order of 350 kilopascals
(51 psi)
• It is generally recommended that a minimum residual pressure of 20 psi (1.4 bar)
• should be maintained at hydrants when delivering the fire flow. Fire department
pumpers can be operated where hydrant pressures are less, b
 DISCHARGE FORMULA

4.7.2 If flow tubes (stream straighteners ) are being utilized, a coefficient of 0.95 is
suggested unless the coefficient of the tube is known.
Section 18.5 of NFPA 1 2015 edition : Minimum Number of Fire Hydrants for Fire Flow
NFPA 291
Example
• Determine the number of required fire hydrants for a proposed, new manufacturing building with a
fire area of 50,000 ft2 (4650 m2) and a construction classification of Type II(000) (noncombustible and
unprotected). The building will be protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system
with standard response sprinklers.

• Sample Solution
• Test results indicate the theoretical available fire flow is 3500 gpm. Based on the procedures as
outlined in Section 18.4, the required fire flow is approximately 1200 gpm.
• A designer chooses to locate one fire hydrant on the existing public water mains at a distance of 350 ft
(107 m) from the building, which meets the maximum 400 ft (122 m) distance criterion of 18.5.3(1).
• Using Table 18.5.4.3, it is determined that a hydrant located 400 ft (122 m) from the building can be
credited with not more than 1000 gpm (3785 L/min). Because this is less than the required fire flow of
1200 gpm (4500 L/min), one additional hydrant is required within 1000 ft (305 m) of the building. (Or
the designer could choose to extend a private fire service main onto the property and locate a hydrant
at a distance of not more than 250 ft (76 m) from the building.)
• In accordance with Table 18.5.4.3, such a hydrant would be permitted to be credited with up to 1500
gpm (5678 L/min), which exceeds the required fire flow of 1200 gpm (4500 L/min).
• If the designer chooses to add a second hydrant on the public main, they should be spaced so the
distance between them does not exceed 500 ft (152 m) in accordance with 18.5.3.
• The AHJ should require an additional flow test following the installation of the new hydrant or hydrants
to verify they are capable of delivering the required fire flow.
Sample Solution
It is generally recommended, as per NFPA 25 , 2008 ed that :
• A minimum residual pressure of 20 psi (1.4 bar) should be maintained at
hydrants when delivering the fire flow.
• Fire department pumpers can be operated where hydrant pressures are less,
• Section 7.3.2 : hydrants are to be tested annually to ensure proper functioning
• Section 7.3.2.1,2 : Each hydrant is to be opened fully and water flowed until all
foreign material has cleared for one minute minimum time
• Section 7.4.2.1 : Hydrants are to be lubricated yearly to ensure that all stems,
caps, plugs, and threads are in proper operating condition.
• hydrants are to be located at not more than 5 feet behind the curb, outside of
any fenced area, and have a 10-foot radius of clearance to adjacent obstacles
(fences, walls, shrubs trees, etc.).
PIPE TRENCH

FDC

FDC
FIRE HYDRANT INSTALLATION
• NFPA 291 Guidance (2022 edition)
recommends that fire hydrant flow
tests be performed every five years
and fire hydrant inspections be
performed annually.
Standard
Dimensions AWWA C502 and UL / FM 200 PSIG
OF F H
 A: HYDRANT
CONSTRUCTION

• Fire Hydrants shall meet or exceed ANSI/AWWA C502, latest revision for use in water supply systems.
• Rated working pressure shall be 200 psig, test pressure shall be 400 psig.
• Hydrants shall be dry-barrel construction closing with and opening against the inlet pressure.
• Hydrant main valve closure shall be of the compression type.
• Traffic break feature to be designed for easy 360° rotation of nozzle section and incorporate the use of a
2-piece square rod and single cast-iron rod coupling secured with stainless steel coupling pins.
•The hydrant shall have a travel stop nut in the top of the hydrant to limit the travel of the hydrant rod.
•Hydrant designs that allow the valve bottom to stop against the shoe or employ a stop in the drain
mechanism resulting in a bending moment in the rod assembly are not allowed.
•Hydrant upper and lower barrels and base shall be made of ductile iron.
•Hydrant to be Certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN Standard 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372.
•Hydrant shall be UL Listed and FM Approved, in allowable configurations.
•Hydrant to be supplied with a 2-D bar code, or similar, capable of allowing a seamless enrollment of the
manufacturing attributes and hydrant location into a cloud-based GIS application.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Pipe & Trench Requirements (Reference : NCSD Ordinance 21-05, Appendix A-6)
1) A six-inch (6”) bed of 3/8” minus clean fill sand, pea gravel or quarry fines shall be provided below the pipe and
(12”) shall be provided above the pipe and from each side.
2) Pipe shall be buried at a minimum of 42” and no less than 48” where subject to loading (e.g., unpaved traffic
areas)
3) All pipe shall be listed and approved for use in underground fire service systems.
4) All ferrous pipe and fittings shall be protected by wrapping in polyethylene sheeting.
5 )All bolts and ferrous fittings used for underground connections shall be cleaned and thoroughly coated with
asphalt or other corrosion retarding material after assembly and prior to wrapping.
• Nuts and bolts shall be cadmium plated , zinc coated. Threads shall be coated with “Loctyte” anti-seize. The bolt
shall extend at least 3 threads through the nut.
6) Thrust blocks, or another approved method of thrust restraint, shall be provided wherever pipe changes
direction. Both thrust blocks and mechanical restraints (megalug style) are, as well, required at pipe fittings.
7) A minimum two-inch clearance shall be provided where the pipe passes through slabs or walls.
Underground system shall terminate at the riser flange and placed a minimum of 18- inches and a maximum of
24-inches from an exterior wall and 6-inches above the slab.
8 ) Pipe running under a building or building foundation shall be stainless steel and shall not contain mechanical
joints.
9) Provide a typical trench detail/section showing the depth of bury and thickness of sand bedding above and
below the pipe.
B: DRAINAGE SYSTEM

1.The hydrant valve opening shall not be less than 5-1/4” and be designed so that
removal of all working parts can be accomplished without excavating.
2.The hydrant shall incorporate a draining system constructed entirely of bronze
and positively activated by the compression of an e-coated stainless steel spring.
3.Hydrant drains shall close completely after no more than 3 turns of the
operating nut.
4.There shall be a minimum of three internal drain ports in the hydrant seat and
four outlets in the hydrant drain ring directing water to the exterior of the
hydrant.
5.Hydrants employing sliding-style drains are not permitted.
C: HYDRANT BARRELS AND NOZZLES
1.Hydrant barrels shall be constructed of ductile iron and shall have (1)
pumper nozzle and (2) hose nozzles.
2.The operating nut, all nozzle cap nut dimensions and the nozzle threads
shall be in compliance with the standards established by the local
authorities.
3.All pumper and hose nozzles shall be retained by a single-piece threaded
ductile iron retaining collar. Threaded-in nozzles and nozzles using set
screws or wedge pins are not allowed.
D: HYDRANT COATINGS
1.Hydrant upper barrel shall be factory coated with an electrodeposition (E-
coat) epoxy primer and a catalyzed two-part polyurethane top coat. Base
shall be coated with fusion-bonded-epoxy.
2.All bolting below grade shall be Type 304 stainless steel.

• E: FRICTION LOSS
1.Friction loss shall not exceed 3.5 psig at 1000 GPM through the hydrant 4-
1/2 in. pumper nozzle.
 Piping System Flush Inspection
Upon flush inspection or prior to final sprinkler or site
inspection, all detector check assemblies, control valves, and
fire
• All pipe and fittings shall remain exposed for department connections (FDC) shall be clearly labeled with the
visual inspection. address(es) served by the device. Address signs shall be
• Flush line until water runs clear and line is free securely attached to the device and be of a durable, fade-
of debris in accordance with NFPA 24 resistant material which is visible and legible from the fire lane.
(10.10.2.1). FDC and hydrant outlets shall be unobstructed and oriented
toward the fire lane. Valves shall be locked in the open position
• Use chart below (Figure 1.0) to determine with breakaway locks. All PIV valves and private hydrants shall
appropriate number and size of hose lines for be painted OSHA safety red. The closest upstream indicating
reach desired water flow for proper flushing. valve to the riser shall be painted OSHA safety red. Hydrant and
• Example: a 6” underground fire line requires a FDC caps shall be in place
flow of 880 GPM for proper flushing. To achieve
a proper flow, two (2) – 2 1/2” hoses would
need to be attached to the manifold.
• Alternately a single 4” hose could be attached
to the manifold to achieve the same flow.
 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• 1. Installation, inspection, and testing shall conform to 2016 editions of NFPA 13 and NFPA
24. NFD begins at the downstream side of the last valve on the detector check assembly. Verify
design and installation requirements for the portion of the system preceding this point with the
local water district.
• 2. Vegetation shall be selected and maintained in such a manner as to allow immediate
location of, and unobstructed access to; all hydrants, control valves, fire department
connections, and other devices or areas used for firefighting purposes.
• 3. A minimum of 3-foot clearance shall be provided around all hydrants and post indicating
valves.
• A minimum of 3-foot clearance shall be provided on at least one side of a detector check
assembly to allow proper operation of the device.
• The front of the FDC and the adjacent fire access roadway shall be free of any obstructions.
• 8. Any future modification to the approved private underground piping system is subject to
review, inspection, and approval by the NFD. FDC shall be visible (facing the apparatus access
road), accessible and located within fifty (50) feet of a public fire hydrant. Exceptions may be
made by NFD.
• 9. Requirements identified in this Guideline, and applicable sections of the CA adopted editions
of NFPA 13 and NFPA 24.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Hydrant Requirements :
1) Hydraulic calculations shall be provided for all private fire hydrant systems.
2) Calculations shall be calculated back to the point of the flow test. The fire
hydrant system shall meet the fire flow requirements as required by the CFC
and NCSD Ordinance(s).
3) Hydrants shall be Mueller “Super Centurian” model/make. Fire hydrants shall
be listed with a minimum of two 2 ½ inch and one 4 ½ inch outlets. The 4 ½ inch
outlet shall face the fire department access road.
4) All outlets shall be provided with National Standard Threads (NST).
5) Hydrants shall be painted red (Rust-Oleum Safety Red #2163 or equivalent).
6) 2” locator wire riser. 12” riser to extend above grade.
7) Fire hydrant supply piping shall be a minimum of 6 inches in diameter (either
ductile iron or C-900 PVC)
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
8) Top of fire hydrant is to be 30” minimum to 42” max above grade.
9) The lowest outlet cap nut shall be a minimum height of 18-inches above
finished grade.
10) A keyed gate valve shall be provided for each hydrant in an accessible
location. Keyed gate valves shall be located within 6 to 10 feet of the hydrant in an
area that is unobstructed and clearly visible. Valves shall not be located in parking
stalls.
11) The curb adjacent to the fire hydrant shall be painted red for a total of fifteen
(15) feet with (7 ½”) feet on each side of the hydrant).
12) All fire hydrants shall have a “Blue Reflective Marker” on a post indicating
their location. The post must also have a sign indicating the “number” assigned to
the hydrant.
WWW.AMERICAN-USA.COM

Flow Control
Submittal

10 YEAR PRODUCT WARRANTY

NFPA
Publications

• National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169 7471.

• NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2007 edition.
• NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, 2007
• edition.
• NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, 2003 edition.
• NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water Based Fire
• Protection Systems, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 1961, Standard on Fire Hose, 2002 edition.
• NFPA 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections, 2003 edition.
ASME
Publications
.American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
10016 5990.
• ASME B16.25, Buttwelding Ends for Pipe, Valves, Flanges, and Fittings, 1997
• ASME B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch), 1983.
• ASME B16.1, Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, 1989.
• ASME B16.3, Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 150 and 300, 1992.
• ASME B16.4, Cast Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 125 and 250, 1992.
• ASME B16.5, Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, 1996.
• ASME B16.9, FactoryM ade Wrought Steel Buttweld Fittings, 1993.
• ASME B16.11, Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welded and Threaded, 1996.
• ASME B16.18, Cast Bronze Solder Joint Pressure Fittings, 1984.
• ASME B16.22, Wrought Copper and Bronze Solder Joint Pressure Fittings, 1995.
ASTM
Publications
• ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
• 19428 2959.
• ASTM A 234, Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel
• for Moderate and Elevated Temperatures, 1995.
• ASTM B 75, Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, 1999.
• ASTM B 88, Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube, 1999.
• ASTM B 251, Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper Alloy Tube, 1999.
• ASTM F 437, Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Specification for Schedule 80 CPVC
• Threaded Fittings, 1995.
• ASTM F 438, Specification for Schedule 40 CPVC SocketT ype Fittings, 1993.
• ASTM F 439, Specification for Schedule 80 CPVC SocketT ype Fittings, 1993.
• IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The
• Modern Metric System, 1997
AWWA
Publications
• American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.
• AWWA C104, Cement Mortar Lining for Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings for Water, 2003.
• AWWA C105, Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile Iron Pipe Systems, 1999.
• AWWA C110, Ductile Iron and Gray Iron Fittings, 2003.
• AWWA C111, Rubber Gasket Joints for Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 2000.
• AWWA C115, Flanged Ductile Iron Pipe with Ductile Iron or Gray Iron Threaded
• Flanges, 1999.
• AWWA C116, Protective Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coatings for the Interior and Exterior
• Surfaces of DuctileI ron and GrayI ron Fittings for Water Supply Service, 2003.
• AWWA C150, Thickness Design of Ductile Iron Pipe, 2002.
• AWWA C151, Ductile Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast for Water, 2002.
• AWWA C153, Ductile Iron Compact Fittings for Water Service, 2000.
• AWWA C200, Steel Water Pipe 6 in. and Larger, 1991.
• AWWA C203, Coal Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipelines Enamel
• and Tape — Hot Applied, 1991.