DOI :https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v5i2.

3140
JUATIKA eissn 2656-1727
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA pissn 2684-785X
VOL. 7 NO. 1 January 2025 pages : 146 – 156

RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access

Effectiveness of Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Application of Lamtoro Leaves and Quail
Manure Fertilizer on Melon Plants
(Cucumis melo L) Growth and Production
Yudi Dali Parna1,* , Julia Marisa1, Ruth Riah Ate Tarigan1

Abstract
The melon crop commodity has great potential to meet public demand. One way to improve melon quality is
using organic fertilizer, which enhances soil properties and provides plant nutrients. This study utilized a factorial
Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was the POC of Lamtoro leaves (L) with 4 levels: 0
ml/1L water/plot, 200 ml/1L water/plot, and 400 ml/1L water/plot. The second factor was quail manure with 4
levels: 0 kg/plot, 1 kg/plot, 2 kg/plot, and 3 kg/plot. Parameters measured included plant height, number of
leaves, flowering time, stem diameter, fruit diameter per sample, fruit weight per sample plant, and fruit weight
per plot. The results showed that applying POC fertilizer from Lamtoro leaves and quail manure had no significant
effect on plant height, number of leaves, flowering time, and stem diameter. However, it had a significant effect
on fruit weight per sample plant, a very significant effect on fruit diameter per sample, and fruit weight per plot.
Keywords: Lamtoro Leaf POC, Melon, Organic Fertilizer, Quail droppings

1. Introduction preventing nutrient imbalances that can lead to deficiencies

Melon (Cucumis melo L) is a horticultural plant or toxicities (Priangga et al., 2013). Potential organic
originating from the Mediterranean region, specifically the fertilizers for melon cultivation include POC Lamtoro
border of Europe, Africa, and West Asia. Melon plants leaves and quail manure fertilizer.
belong to the same family as watermelon, cantaloupe, and Organic materials in organic fertilizers contain
cucumber. Melon cultivation has the potential for compounds broken down by microorganisms, helping to
development to meet the community's demands. bind soil particles into aggregates. This process makes the
According to the Badan Pusat Statistik (2021), melon soil porous, loose, and able to store and allow air and water
production in North Sumatra experienced a significant flow. Organic matter plays a crucial role in enhancing soil
decline from 2018 to 2020, with 4,700 tons in 2018, 2,604 fertility physically, chemically, and biologically (Ramli et
tons in 2019, and 1,259 tons in 2020. The decrease in al., 2016).
Cucumis melo L plant production in North Sumatra is Lamtoro leaves are commonly used in the production
attributed to the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, of organic fertilizers. This legume plant, known as Petai
leading to soil compaction and nutrient depletion. The Cina or Lamtoro, is chosen for its ease of decomposition
community is shifting towards sustainable practices to and ability to provide nutrients that promote plant growth.
address environmental concerns and ensure food security Lamtoro has a higher content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus
without harming natural resources (Amiroh, 2017). (P), and potassium (K) compared to other plants, making it
Improving the quality of melon fruit can be achieved a valuable source of nutrients for soil enrichment (Aulia et
by using organic fertilizers, which enhance soil properties al., 2020).
and provide essential nutrients to plants (Agussalim, 2016). Lamtoro leaf-based organic fertilizers enhance the
Organic fertilizers ensure even nutrient distribution, soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties while

*Correspondence: -
1) Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi - Jl. Gatot Subroto No.km, Simpang Tj., Kec. Medan Sunggal, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20122, Indonesia
 Parna et al. 2025 Page 147 of 156

increasing nutrient availability. The organic matter present include 10 kg of pounded or blended Lamtoro leaves, 1
in Lamtoro leaves contributes significantly to improving liter of EM 4, 1 kg of brown sugar, and 20 liters of water.
agricultural productivity in terms of quality and quantity, The tools needed for this process include plastic storage
reducing environmental pollution, and promoting barrels, stirring sticks, Carter knives, scales, and beaker
sustainable land quality (Septirosya et al., 2019). glasses.
The advantage of using Lamtoro leaf POC is its high In the second stage, making POC Lamtoro leaves
nutrient content, particularly nitrogen, and quick begins by creating an EM 4 solution in a storage barrel.
decomposition, which speeds up nutrient release. Lamtoro This is done by mixing 20 liters of water, 1 kg of finely
plants can enhance soil fertility by binding nitrogen and sliced brown sugar, and 1 liter of EM4. The mixture is then
providing organic material. The leaves of Lamtoro plants stirred until it is evenly distributed. Next, the pounded or
are rich in crude protein, making them a valuable source of blended Lamtoro leaves are added to the storage barrel and
organic material for organic farming. They contain protein, stirred until evenly distributed. The barrel is then closed
carbohydrates, tannin, mimosine, calcium, phosphorus, and left to ferment for approximately 2 weeks.
beta-carotene, and energy. The third stage involves the fermentation process of
Quail manure organic fertilizer is nutrient-rich, easily the Lamtoro leaf POC. During fermentation, the storage
decomposable, and readily absorbed by plants, promoting barrel is opened every 4 days, and the POC solution is
growth. It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, stirred again to ensure even distribution. This step is crucial
essential for plant development. Bird droppings, especially for the fermentation process to occur uniformly. After
quail droppings, are beneficial for vegetables and stirring, the storage barrel is closed once again.
ornamental plants due to their nutrient composition. They
2.2. Making Quail Manure Fertilizer
contain macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for The production of quail manure fertilizer yields
plant growth and can enhance root volume and tuber approximately 78 kg. The collected quail manure
weight. This study aims to assess the impact of Lamtoro undergoes an air-drying process lasting two weeks.
leaf POC and quail manure fertilizer on the growth and
yield of melon plants (Cucumis melo L.). 2.3. Land Preparation
Before the commencement of land processing, it is
2. Material and Methods essential to clear the area of any plant debris, stones, and
The study occurred in Bandar Setia Village, Percut Sei unwanted vegetation, commonly called weeds. Following
Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra this preparatory step, the land is cultivated using a hoe,
Province, 9 meters above sea level, from November 2023 after which trial plots are established following the
to January 2024. Coordinate Point: Latitude 3 degrees 39 designated treatments. Any residual plant material and soil
minutes 36.000 seconds North, Longitude 98 degrees 45 are removed from the planting zone. The primary objective
minutes 46.800 seconds East/3.66000000 degrees North, of this land-clearing process is to mitigate the risk of pest
98.76300000 degrees East. The materials and tools utilized infestations and diseases and diminish competition from
in the present study included melon seeds of the Pertiwi weeds for nutrient uptake.
Anvi variety, Lamtoro leaf POC, quail manure fertilizer, 2.4. Plot Making
molasses, EM4 (Effective Microorganisms 4), water, The plot was made with a size of 150 x 150 cm, with a
camera, caliper, hoe, machete, rake, knife, scissors, mulch, distance between plots of 50 cm and a distance between
polybag, plastic rope, watering can, nameplate, meter, replications of 100 cm. Plots were made of as many as 36
measuring cup, scales, stationery, bamboo, sprayer, pieces, and the plots were made by forming a land map and
calculator, and other apparatus that facilitated the research loosening the soil in the plot section. So that sunlight is
process. This study employed a factorial Randomized evenly distributed, the plots were made in a North-South
Block Design (RAK) with 2 factors as its experimental direction.
design. The first factor was Lamtoro leaf POC (L)
2.5. Giving Quail Manure Fertilizer
consisting of 4 levels: L 0 = 0 ml / 1L water/plot, L 1 = 200
Two weeks before planting, quail manure fertilizer is
ml / 1L water/plot, and L 2 = 400 ml / 1L water/plot. Factor
applied at varying treatment levels per plot, specifically K 0
2 quail manure fertilizer (P) consists of 4 levels: P 0 = 0
at 0 Kg/plot, K 1 at 1 Kg/plot, K 2 at 2 Kg/plot, and K 3 at
kg/plot, P 1 = 1 kg/plot, P 2 = 2 kg/plot, and P 3 = 3 kg /
3 Kg/plot. The application of this quail manure occurs once
plot. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance
in the morning. Apply quail manure onto the designated
(ANOVA) to test the effect of treatment and its interaction
area and mix it thoroughly with a hoe.
for data processing and analysis using Excel.
2.6. Seed Sowing
2.1. Making Organic Fertilizer C Water Lamtoro leaves
Following the germination process, the seeds are
There are three main stages involved in creating POC
placed sequentially into individual baby seedling bags, with
Lamtoro leaves. The first stage involves preparing the
a hole depth of 2 cm. The material utilized is topsoil. To
necessary ingredients and tools. The ingredients required

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plant the seeds, they should be positioned in a dormant The plants were then marked with standard stakes
state with the root tip oriented downwards, followed by fabricated for this purpose.
covering the seeds with a thin layer of soil and watering
2.12. Observed Parameters
them in the morning and evening using a watering can.
Plant Height (cm)
2.7. Mulch Installation The vertical growth of the plants in each plot was
After applying quail manure fertilizer, mulch is applied assessed by employing raffia rope to measure the distance
to prevent the evaporation of the fertilizer, followed by from the base to the apex of the plant stem. The raffia rope
tidying up the bed and watering it adequately until the soil was measured using a meter roll at 7, 14, and 21 days after
is sufficiently moist. Mulch application is typically carried applying Lamtoro leaf POC.
out in warm and sunny conditions. Before applying the Number of leaves (blades)
mulch, bamboo clamps are readied, with dimensions of 200 The leaves counted have opened perfectly and are not
cm x 120 cm. The bamboo pieces are shaped into a "U" damaged or attacked by pests.
formation, serving as a clamp to secure the mulch on the Flowering Time (days)
ground. The mulch is stretched over the bed with bamboo Observation of flowering age is carried out by
clamps securing both ends. After the mulch installation, the calculating the day the plants produce flowers
bed is left covered with mulch for 3 days before the simultaneously or perfect flowers (75% of the plot has
planting hole is made. The objective is for the primary flowered).
fertilizer administered to be rapidly accessible for plant Stem Diameter (cm)
absorption. The average stem diameter of each plot was measured
using a caliper from the lowest base of the plant ± 1 cm
2.8. Installation of Stakes/Posts
The stakes are installed one week before planting, above the soil surface at 2 weeks after planting (MST) to 4
positioned 30-35 cm from the edge of the bed and weeks after planting (MST). The observation time interval
surrounding the planting hole. These stakes, constructed was carried out once a week.
from bamboo, measure 200 cm long, with a width of 3-4 Fruit Diameter per Sample (cm)
cm and a thickness of 1-1.5 cm. Following this, girders are The fruit diameter is measured using a vernier caliper
installed, connecting adjacent stakes in a row or reinforcing by circling the fruit to obtain the circumference value of the
at the junction of two opposing stakes. The girders are fruit.
longer yet narrower than the stakes, with their length Fruit Weight per Sample Plant (kg)
tailored to match the bed's dimensions (200 cm), a width of The sample plant fruit was weighed using a digital
2.5-3.0 cm, and a thickness of 1 cm. A raffia rope is then scale at harvest time. Harvesting was carried out twice, and
secured to the girder, linking it to the fruit stalk and then the results were averaged.
enabling the girder to support the melon fruit. Fruit Weight per Plot (kg)
Weighing of all fruits produced from each plot is done
2.9. Planting using a digital scale at harvest time. Harvesting is done
Seedlings are planted by creating holes in the mulch twice, and then the results are added up.
using repurposed milk cans equipped with handles to
facilitate the ease of the hole-making process. Seeds may 2.13. Plant Maintenance
be transplanted after one week of being sown, and the Watering
recommended planting distance is 50 by 50 centimeters. Watering Watering is done around the root area, done
Before planting, the soil on the surface of the nursery bag is every morning at 07.30 and afternoon at 16.30, which is
moistened and compressed. Subsequently, the nursery bag adjusted to the weather in the field, if it rains then watering
is carefully torn and removed, allowing for the insertion of is no longer done. Watering is done using a watering can
seedlings into the planting hole in an upright position. The carefully so that the soil does not erode and the plants do
soil surrounding the hole is then compacted around the not break or fall.
seedlings to eliminate any hollowness, then watering the Insertion
newly planted seedlings. Insertion is done after the seedlings are planted for 7-
10 days; at that age, the seedlings have begun to adapt, and
2.10. Administration of Lamtoro Leaf POC there are inevitably unhealthy or dead seedlings; pest and
The Lamtoro leaf POC is fertilized every week. disease attacks or physical disorders can cause this. Plant
Fertilization adheres to the specified concentration and is materials used for insertion are taken from the reserve plot.
evenly distributed on the soil surrounding the planting hole Plant Binding
as per the prescribed treatment. Plant tying is intended to allow plants to propagate on
2.11. Determination of Sample Plants stakes that have been installed. Plant stems begin to be tied
The selection of sample plants was determined by to stakes with raffia rope at the age of three weeks after
randomly selecting five plants from each of the nine plots. planting (3 MST). Tying is done every 2 days by following

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the length of the plant. Pest and Disease Control

Pruning Control of grasshoppers and cricket pests is done
Pruning is done to remove potential detrimental manually by directly collecting pests when the plants are 1-
branches, especially shoots that appear in the leaf axils. 7 HST. Whitefly pests, caterpillars (Plutella xylostella),
Branch pruning starts from the 1st to the sixth segment, aphids, leaf spots, and curly diseases on the top of the plant
while branches on the 7th to the 10th are maintained as a when the plants are 2-6 MST are controlled by spraying
place for potential fruits to grow. This pruning is done with botanical pesticides. This is applied according to the
using scissors carefully to avoid injuring other branches. attack conditions in the research area. Pest and disease
Fruit Selection and Fruit Stalk Binding attacks during the research were still below the economic
The fruit candidates will usually appear at 1-2 weeks threshold, so pesticide application was only carried out
after pollination. These fruit candidates need to be selected according to needs.
again to get quality fruit, then other fruit candidates are Harvesting
removed using scissors and only maintain one fruit on each Harvesting is done in the morning and evening, and
plant. this harvest is done in stages, prioritizing fruit that is truly
The fruit stalk is tied when the fruit is the size of an ready to be harvested, namely at the first harvest age of 71
adult's fist; the part that is tied is the branch where the fruit days after planting (dap), by cutting the fruit stalk by
grows in a horizontal position. The binding is done forming the letter "T" which aims to prevent the fruit from
carefully with raffia rope so as not to injure the plant rotting easily and remains fresh. Melons are harvested
branch. Then, the other end of the rope is tied to a stake in a when they meet the harvest criteria: cracks in the fruit stalk,
horizontal position. the net has formed perfectly, the skin color changes to dark
green, and the fruit has a fragrant aroma.

Making POC from Making Quail

Land Preparation Plot Making
Lamtoro Leaves Manure Fertilizer

Quail Manure
Installation of
Fertilizer Seed Sowing Mulch Installation
Stakes/Posts
Application

Administration of Determination of Observation

Planting
Lamtoro Leaf POC Sample Plants Parameters

Plant Maintenance Harvest

Figure 1. Research flow diagram

3. Results and Discussion did not show a significant difference compared to the
heights obtained at L 1 = 200 ml/1L water/plot, which
3.1. Plant Height (cm)
The plant height observation data results show that the measured 49.84 cm, and L 0 = 0 ml/1L water/plot, which
provision of Lamtoro leaf POC and quail manure fertilizer measured 49.47 cm. Applying quail manure fertilizer does
had no significant effect on the ages of 7 HST, 14 HST, and not result in a statistically significant increase in plant
21 HST. The results can be seen in Table 1. height. The greatest height of the plant was achieved with P
The data presented in Table 1 indicates that applying 3 = 3 kg/plot, measuring at 49.93 cm, showing no
Lamtoro leaf POC treatment does not result in a significant variance from P 2 = 2 kg/plot, measuring at
statistically significant impact on plant height. The tallest 49.80 cm, P 1 = 1 kg/plot, measuring at 49.79 cm, and P 0
plant height was achieved at a watering level of L 2 = 400 = 0 kg/plot, measuring at 49.51 cm.
ml/1L water/plot, measuring 49.96 cm. This measurement

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Table 1. Average Plant Height (cm) of Melon Due to Lamtoro Leaf POC and Quail Manure Fertilizer at 7 HST, 14, and
21 HST.
(P) Quail Manure Fertilizer
(L) POC Lamtoro Leaves Average
(P 0 ) 0 kg/plot (P 1 ) 1 kg/plot (P 2 ) 2 kg/plot (P 3 ) 3 kg/plot
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 9.09 ± 0.16 9.47 ± 0.59 9.62 ± 0.12 9,862 ± 0.12 9.51 ± 0.40 a
2 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 9.67 ± 1.16 10 ± 0.62 9.99 ± 0.47 9.91 ± 0.49 9.89 ± 0.73 a
(L 2 ) 400 ml/1L water/plot 10.15 ± 0.83 9.86 ± 1.16 9.91 ± 0.21 9.82 ± 0.77 9.93 ± 0.71 a
Average 9.63 ± 0.85 a 9.78 ± 0.76 a 9.84 ± 0.31 a 9.86 ± 0.46 a
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 18.56 ± 0.62 18.99 ± 1.01 19.13 ± 0.49 19.27 ± 0.36 18.98 ± 0.63
3 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 19.00 ± 1.31 19.49 ± 1.04 19.48 ± 0.70 19.36 ± 0.75 19.33 ± 1.03
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 19.53 ± 1.05 19.39 ± 1.59 19.29 ± 0.23 19.44 ± 0.82 19.41 ± 0.89
Average 19.03 ± 0.99 a 19.29 ± 1.10 a 19.3 ± 0.47 a 19.36 ± 0.59 a
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 49.04 ± 0.28 49.46 ± 0.88 49.62 ± 0.47 49.77 ± 0.31 49.47 ± 0.54 a
4 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 49.50 ± 1.27 50.01 ± 0.93 50.00 ± 0.59 49.86 ± 0.66 49.84 ± 0.97 a
(L 2 ) 400 ml/1L water/plot 49.99 ± 1.07 49.89 ± 1.51 49.79 ± 0.15 50.17 ± 0.55 49.96 ± 0.84 a
49.51 ± 0.94 a 49.79 ± 1.02 a 49.80 ± 0.42 a 49.93 ± 0.49 a
Description: Numbers followed by the same letter in the column indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (lowercase letters) based on the
Duncan Range Test (DMRT).

The greatest dosage led to the most significant increase

3.2. Number of leaves (blades)
in plant height compared to the other experimental The analysis of observation data on the number of
treatments. A study conducted by Ainiya et al. (2019) also leaves shows that the administration of Lamtoro leaf POC
yielded comparable findings, demonstrating an and quail manure fertilizer had no significant effect at the
enhancement in plant growth due to utilizing Lamtoro leaf ages of 7 HST, 14, and 21 HST. The results can be seen in
fertilizer. The leaves of the Lamtoro plant boast a Table 2.
significant nitrogen content, which enables them to supply Table 2 can be explained that the treatment of giving
the necessary nutrients for plant growth. Lamtoro leaf POC has no significant effect on the number
It is believed that the nutrients present in the quail of leaves. The largest number of leaves was obtained at L 2
manure fertilizer are currently insufficient to effectively = 400 ml / 1L water / plot, namely 18.90 strands, not
supply nutrients to the soil, particularly nitrogen, resulting significantly different from L 1 = 200 ml / 1L water / plot,
in suboptimal vegetative plant growth (Sannah, 2018). namely 18.52 strands and L 0 = 0 ml / 1L water / plot 18.40
Nitrogen is essential for plants, so supporting their strands. The provision of quail manure fertilizer has no
growth and development processes is very important. significant effect on the number of leaves. The largest
Therefore, if the soil's nitrogen is insufficient for plant number of leaves was obtained at P 3 = 3 kg / plot, namely
nutrient needs, additional nutrients are needed to increase 18.87 strands, not significantly different from P 2 = 2 kg /
availability. If nitrogen needs are unmet, plant growth and plot, namely 18.76 strands, P 1 = 1 kg / plot, namely 18.51
development can be disrupted (Asri et al ., 2020). strands, and P 0 = 0 kg / plot 18.29 strands.
Table 2. Average Number of Melon Leaves (strands) Due to Lamtoro Leaf POC and Quail Manure Fertilizer at 7 HST, 14
and 21 HST.
(P) Quail Manure Fertilizer Average
(L) POC Lamtoro Leaves
(P 0 ) 0 kg/plot (P 1 ) 1 kg/plot (P 2 ) 2 kg/plot (P 3 ) 3 kg/plot
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 4.40 ± 0.20 4.53 ± 0.81 5.13 ± 0.61 4.47 ± 1.01 4.63 ± 0.69 a
2 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 4.47 ± 0.58 4.40 ± 0.35 4.60 ± 0.87 5.13 ± 0.90 4.65 ± 0.80 a
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 4.73 ± 0.61 5.27 ± 0.31 4.80 ± 0.20 5.47 ± 0.31 5.07 ± 0.46 a
Average 4.53 ± 0.46 a 4.73± 0.62 a 4.84 ± 0.59 a 5.02 ± 0.82 a
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 9.00 ± 0.20 9.47 ± 0.76 10.13 ± 0.61 9.40 ± 0.92 9.50 ± 0.72 a
3 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 9.40 ± 0.53 9.33 ± 0.42 9.53 ± 0.81 10.07 ± 0.81 9.58 ± 0.74 a
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 9.80 ± 0.53 10.20 ± 0.20 9.73 ± 0.12 10.20 ± 0.20 9.98 ± 0.35 a
Average 9.40 ± 0.52 a 9.67 ± 0.60 a 9.80 ± 0.57 a 9.89 ± 0.72 a
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 17.73 ± 0.31 18.40 ± 0.69 19.13 ± 0.61 18.33 ± 1.03 18.40 ± 0.80 a
4 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 18.33 ± 0.64 18.20 ± 0.60 18.47 ± 0.76 19.07 ± 0.81 18.52 ± 0.77 a
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 18.80 ± 0.53 18.93 ± 0.50 18.67 ± 0.12 19.20 ± 0.20 18.90 ± 0.39 a
18.29 ± 0.64 a 18.51 ± 0.62 a 18.76 ± 0.57 a 18.87 ± 0.77 a
Description: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (lowercase letters) based
on the Duncan Range Test (DMRT).

The lack of nutrients in an absorbable form for plants influencing plant growth is the presence of accessible
leads to inconsequential outcomes. One of the determinants nutrients that plants can assimilate, leading to an increase in

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 Parna et al. 2025 Page 151 of 156

cell expansion and subsequently impacting the diameter of and its biological composition in order to create a more
the plant shoot. Nitrogen elements are crucial for plant conducive environment for the growth of plant roots (Made
growth, as nitrogen is involved in various biochemical et al ., 2018).
processes.
3.3. Flowering Time (Days)
Nutrient N promotes chlorophyll synthesis, resulting in Based on the analysis of observation data on flowering
enhanced photosynthetic activity and the proliferation of time, it was shown that the administration of Lamtoro leaf
leaves in terms of quantity and surface area. This pertains POC and quail manure fertilizer had no significant effect.
to the capacity of organic matter to enhance the The results can be seen in Table 3.
characteristics (specifically, texture and structure) of soil
Table 3. Average Flowering Time (days) of Melon Due to Lamtoro Leaf POC and Quail Manure Fertilizer.
(P) Quail Manure Fertilizer
(L) POC Lamtoro Leaves Average
(P 0 ) 0 kg/plot (P 1 ) 1 kg/plot (P 2 ) 2 kg/plot (P 3 ) 3 kg/plot
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 26.60 ± 0.40 25.20 ± 1.20 25.53 ±1.01 25.93 ± 1.17 25.82 ± 1.01 a
(L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 25.60 ± 1.31 26.93 ±0.31 24.40 ± 0.40 25.07 ± 1.10 25.50 ± 1.20 a
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 25.67 ± 1.70 25.40 ± 1.83 25.73 ± 0.95 24.27 ± 0.50 25.27 ± 0.08 a
Average 25.96 ± 0.07 a 25.84 ± 1.38 a 25.22 ± 0.95 a 25.09 ± 1.11 a
Description: Numbers followed by the same letter in the column indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (lowercase letters) based on the
Duncan Range Test (DMRT).

Table 3 explains that the treatment of Lamtoro leaf The flowering process represents a pivotal shift from
POC has no significant effect on flowering time. The the vegetative to the generative phase of plant
fastest flowering time was obtained at L 2 = 400 ml/1L development, characterized by the appearance of flower
water/plot, which is 25.27 days, not significantly different buds. During this phase, the presence and accessibility of
from L 1 = 200 ml/1L water/plot, which is 25.50 days, and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) elements play a crucial
L 0 = 0 ml/1L water/plot 25.82 days. The provision of quail role in supporting plant transition and successful flowering.
manure fertilizer has no significant effect on flowering Phosphorus plays a significant role in promoting root
time. The fastest flowering time was obtained at P 3 = 3 growth, particularly in young plants, and in enhancing the
kg/plot, which is 25.09 days, not significantly different transformation of young plants into mature ones.
from P 2 = 2 kg/plot, which is 25.22 days, P 1 = 1 kg/plot, Additionally, phosphorus aids in assimilation and
which is 25.84 days and P 0 = 0 kg/plot 25.96 days. respiration, expedites the flowering process and enhances
The plants that did not receive any treatment exhibited the ratio of flowers to fruit in plants ( Agustin, 2021).
a prolonged flowering period compared to those that were
3.4. Stem Diameter (cm)
provided with fertilizer. It is believed that the reason behind The analysis of the observation data on stem diameter
this phenomenon is the lower concentration of nutrients shows that the administration of Lamtoro leaf POC and
such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in plants not quail manure fertilizer has no significant effect. The results
supplemented with fertilizer. The quantity and accessibility can be seen in Table 4.
of nutrients, particularly phosphorus, have been found to
expedite the flowering process (Saidani, 2020).
Table 4. Average Stem Diameter (cm) of Melon Due to Lamtoro Leaf POC and Quail Manure Fertilizer.
(P) Quail Manure Fertilizer
(L) POC Lamtoro Leaves Average
(P 0 ) 0 kg/plot (P 1 ) 1 kg/plot (P 2 ) 2 kg/plot (P 3 ) 3 kg/plot
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 0.48 ± 0.02 0.52 ± 0.05 0.52 ± 0.03 0.54 ± 0.04 0.51 ± 0.04 a
2 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 0.53 ± 0.02 0.52 ± 0.05 0.56 ± 0.04 0.48 ±0.02 0.52 ± 0.04 a
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 0.46 ± 0.13 0.54 ± 0.06 0.52 ± 0.01 0.59 ± 0.04 0.53 ± 0.08 a
Average 0.49 ± 0.07 a 0.53 ± 0.05 a 0.53 ± 0.03 a 0.54 ± 0.06 a
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 0.56 ± 0.01 0.60 ± 0.05 0.61 ± 0.04 0.62 ± 0.04 0.60 ± 0.04
3 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 0.62 ± 0.02 0.61 ± 0.05 0.64 ± 0.04 0.56 ± 0.03 0.61± 0.04
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 0.55 ± 0.13 0.63 ± 0.06 0.61 ± 0.01 0.69 ± 0.03 0.62 ± 0.08
Average 0.58 ± 0.07 a 0.61 ± 0.05 a 0.62 ± 0.03 a 0.62 ± 0.06 a
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 0.67 ± 0.01 0.72 ± 0.05 0.72 ± 0.04 0.74 ± 0.04 0.71 ± 0.04 a
4 MST (L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 0.73 ± 0.03 0.72 ± 0.04 0.75 ± 0.05 0.68 ± 0.04 0.72 ± 0.04 a
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 0.66 ± 0.14 0.74 ± 0.07 0.72 ± 0.01 0.80 ± 0.03 0.73 ± 0.08 a
0.69 ± 0.08 a 0.73 ± 0.05 a 0.73 ± 0.03 a 0.74 ± 0.06 a
Description: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (lowercase letters) based
on the Duncan Range Test (DMRT).

Table 4 explains that the treatment of Lamtoro leaf stem diameter was obtained at L 2 = 400 ml/1L water/plot,
POC has no significant effect on stem diameter. The widest which is 0.73 cm, which is not significantly different from

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 Parna et al. 2025 Page 152 of 156

L 1 = 200 ml/1L water/plot, which is 0.72 cm and L 0 = 0 Potassium (K) are involved in the synthesis of amino acids,
ml/1L water/plot 0.71 cm. The provision of quail manure proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. According to
fertilizer has no significant effect on stem diameter. The Sari et al. (2019), the carbohydrates synthesized through
widest stem diameter was obtained at P 3 = 3 kg/plot, photosynthesis are used in respiration to generate ATP and
which is 0.74 cm, which is not significantly different from create lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. These compounds
P 2 = 2 kg/plot, which is 0.73 cm, P 1 = 1 kg/plot, which is are subsequently employed to form new plant organs such
0.73 cm and P 0 = 0 kg/plot 0.69 cm. as stems, leaves, roots, and tissues.
It is hypothesized that applying POC Lamtoro leaf
3.5. Fruit Diameter Per Sample (cm)
fertilizer and quail manure fertilizer has not been sufficient The analysis of observation data on fruit diameter per
to fulfill the nutritional requirements necessary to develop sample shows that the administration of Lamtoro leaf POC
melon stem diameter. The increase in stem diameter is and quail manure fertilizer has a very significant effect. The
affected by the nutrient composition of the substrate in results can be seen in Table 5.
which the plant is cultivated.
The elements Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and
Table 5. Average Fruit Diameter (cm) of Melon Due to Lamtoro Leaf POC and Quail Manure Fertilizer.
(P) Quail Manure Fertilizer Average
(L) POC Lamtoro Leaves
(P 0 ) 0 kg/plot (P 1 ) 1 kg/plot (P 2 ) 2 kg/plot (P 3 ) 3 kg/plot
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 10.68 ± 0.24 11.54 ± 0.19 12.09 ± 0.19 11.81 ± 0.19 8.49 ± 1.11 b
(L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 10.98 ±0.22 11.81± 0.22 11.35 ± 0.29 12.02 ± 0.13 8.86 ± 1.09 b
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 11.63 ± 0.96 12.11 ± 0.55 12.11 ± 0.59 12.44 ± 0.23 9.88 ± 1.20 a
Average 7.86 ± 0.74 b 9.18 ± 1.48 a 9.34 ± 0.75 a 9.93 ± 1.44 a
Description: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (lowercase letters) based
on the Duncan Range Test (DMRT).

Table 5 can be explained that the treatment of giving 11.09 cm.

Lamtoro leaf POC has a very significant effect on the fruit The diameter of the fruit of the plant has a contributing
diameter per sample. The widest fruit diameter per sample relationship with the weight of the fruit per plant. The
was obtained at L 2 = 400 ml / 1L water / plot, which is larger the diameter of the fruit, the higher the weight of the
12.07 cm, not significantly different from L 1 = 200 ml / fruit per plant. The diameter of the fruit is positively
1L water / plot, which is 11.54 cm and L 0 = 0 ml / 1L correlated with productivity. This means that the larger the
water/plot 11.53 cm. The provision of quail manure diameter of the fruit, the greater the productivity.
fertilizer has a very significant effect on the fruit diameter The results of the regression analysis of the
per sample. The widest fruit diameter per sample was administration of Lamtoro leaf POC on the fruit diameter
obtained at P 3 = 3 kg/plot, which is 12.09 cm, not parameter per sample showed a linear relationship, as
significantly different from P 2 = 2 kg/plot, which is 11.85 presented in Figure 2.
cm, P 1 = 1 kg/plot, which is 11.82 cm and P 0 = 0 kg/plot
Fruit Diameter Per Sample

15,00
11,54 12,07
11,53
10,00
(cm)

Ŷ = 0.0013x + 11.444
5,00
r = 0.7652

0,00
0 200 400
POC Lamtoro Leaves (ml/1 L/plot)
Figure 2. Relationship between Provision of Lamtoro Leaf POC and Fruit Diameter Per Sample (cm).
A clear linear relationship is observed in Figure 2 The application of liquid organic fertilizer derived
between the administration of Lamtoro leaf POC at various from Lamtoro leaves has been shown to positively impact
doses and the fruit diameter parameter per sample. plant growth through the enhanced supply of essential
The equation Ŷ = 0.0013x + 11.444, with a correlation macronutrients. Nuryani et al. (2019) state that providing
coefficient of r = 0.7652, indicates a positive relationship fertilizer according to the recommended dosage and the
between the fruit diameter per sample and the variable x. plants' specific needs can increase yields. Conversely,

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 Parna et al. 2025 Page 153 of 156

excessive application of fertilizer has been observed to the measured parameters.

decrease plant yields. According to Afrendi et al. (2024), The regression analysis of the application of quail
the provision of POC has been demonstrated to enhance droppings on fruit diameter per sample indicated a linear
plant growth. Different treatment doses have an impact on relationship, as depicted in Figure 3.

15,00

Fruit Diameter Per Sample

11,82 11,85 12,09
11,09

10,00

(cm)
Ŷ = 0.3024x + 11.261
5,00 r = 0.8201

0,00
0 1 2 3
Bird Droppings Fertilizer (kg/plot)
Figure 3. Relationship between Quail Manure Fertilizer Application and Fruit Diameter Per Sample (cm).
Figure 3 shows that the provision of quail droppings the plant's need to grow well. If the availability of nutrients
with different doses on the fruit diameter parameter per is lacking, plant growth will be inhibited; conversely, if
sample shows a linear relationship with the equation Ŷ = nutrients are excessive, it can poison the plants so that plant
3.024 x + 112.61 with a value of r = 0.8201, indicating that growth will be inhibited (Arsita, 2023).
the fruit diameter per sample increased.
3.6. Sample Fruit Weight (kg)
The higher the dose of quail manure fertilizer given, The analysis of observation data on the weight of the
the higher the growth and production of plants. The greater fruit of the sample plants shows that the provision of
amount of quail manure is suspected to provide maximum Lamtoro leaf POC and quail manure fertilizer has a very
results because the plants can optimally absorb the nutrients significant effect. The results can be seen in Table 6.
contained. The amount of nutrient requirement is related to
Table 6. Average Fruit Weight of Sample Plants (kg) of Melon Due to Lamtoro Leaf POC and Quail Manure Fertilizer.
(P) Quail Manure Fertilizer Average
(L) POC Lamtoro Leaves
(P 0 ) 0 kg/plot (P 1 ) 1 kg/plot (P 2 ) 2 kg/plot (P 3 ) 3 kg/plot
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 0.77 ± 0.08 1.00 ± 0.13 0.98 ± 0.14 1.02 ± 0.09 0.94 ± 0.14 b
(L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 0.83 ± 0.10 0.93 ± 0.18 1.04 ± 0.01 1.08 ± 0.12 0.97 ± 0.12 b
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 0.93 ± 0.12 1.06 ± 0.09 1.41 ± 0.63 1.36 ± 0.07 1.19 ± 0.35 a
Average 0.85 ± 0.11 b 1.00 ± 0.13 a 1.14 ± 0.38 a 1.16 ± 0.18 a
Description: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (lowercase letters) based
on the Duncan Range Test (DMRT).

Table 6 can be explained that the treatment of giving The increase in crop production is due to the liquid
Lamtoro leaf POC has a significant effect on the weight of organic fertilizer of Lamtoro leaves containing relatively
the fruit of the sample plant. The highest weight of the fruit high nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and
of the sample plant was obtained at L 2 = 400 ml / 1L potassium, so providing nutrients for plants is faster. The
water/plot, which is 1.19 kg, significantly different from L size and quality of the fruit in the generative phase are
1 = 200 ml / 1L water/plot, which is 0.97 kg and L 0 = 0 ml influenced by the availability of P and K elements, which
/ 1L water/plot 0.94 kg. The provision of quail manure play an important role in the formation of fruit and flowers
fertilizer significantly affects the weight of the fruit of the (Tiara et al., 2019).
sample plant. The highest weight of the fruit of the sample The regression analysis results of the Lamtoro leaf
plant was obtained at P 3 = 3 kg/plot, which is 1.16 kg, not POC administration on the fruit weight parameters of the
significantly different from P 2 = 2 kg/plot, which is 1.14 sample plants showed a linear relationship, as presented in
kg, P 1 = 1 kg/plot, which is 1.00 kg and P 0 = 0 kg/plot Figure 4.
0.85 kg.

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 Parna et al. 2025 Page 154 of 156

Fruit Weight Per Sample

1,19
1,20

0,97

(kg)
1,00 0,94

Ŷ = 0.0006x + 0.9121
r = 0.8307
0,80
0 200 400
POC Lamtoro Leaves (ml/1 L/plot)
Figure 4. Relationship between Lamtoro Leaf POC Provision and Sample Plants' Fruit Weight (kg).
Figure 4 shows that the administration of Lamtoro leaf sample plants increased.
POC at different doses on the fruit weight parameters of the The results of the regression analysis of the provision
sample plants shows a linear relationship. of quail droppings on the fruit weight parameters of the
The equation Ŷ = 0.0006x + 0.9121 with a value of r = sample plantations showed a linear relationship, as
0.8307 indicates that the weight of the fruit from the presented in Figure 5.

1,16
Fruit Weight Per Sample

1,20 1,14

1,00
(kg)

1,00
0,85 Ŷ = 0.1078x + 0.8742
r = 0.9108

0,80
0 1 2 3
Bird Droppings Fertilizer (kg/plot)
Figure 5. Relationship between Quail Manure Fertilizer Application and Fruit Weight of Sample Plants (kg).
Figure 5 shows that the provision of quail droppings also facilitates photosynthesis and catalyzes the
with different doses on the fruit weight parameters of the transformation of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into
sample plants shows a linear relationship with the equation energy sources for plant growth (Ritonga, 2019).
Ŷ = 0.1078x + 0.8742 with a value of r = 0.9108 indicating
3.7. Fruit Weight Per Plot (kg)
that the fruit weight of the sample plants increased. The analysis of observation data on fruit weight per
Quail droppings contain K nutrients that can increase plot shows that the provision of Lamtoro leaf POC and
the K element in the soil. The higher the K element in the quail manure fertilizer has a very significant effect. The
soil that plants will absorb, the more carbohydrates will be results can be seen in Table 7.
produced so that plant growth will increase. The K element
Table 7. Average Fruit Weight Per Plot (kg) of Melon Due to Lamtoro Leaf POC and Quail Manure Fertilizer.
(P) Quail Manure Fertilizer
(L) POC Lamtoro Leaves Average
(P 0 ) 0 kg/plot (P 1 ) 1 kg/plot (P 2 ) 2 kg/plot (P 3 ) 3 kg/plot
(L0) 0 ml/1L water/plot 7.86 ± 1.22 9.30 ± 1.74 8.78 ± 0.73 8.13 ± 0.05 8.49 ± 1.11 b
(L 1 ) 200 ml/1L water/plot 7.41 ± 0.23 8.21 ± 1.70 9.39 ± 0.10 10.44 ± 0.32 8.86 ± 1.09 b
(L2) 400 ml/1L water/plot 8.31 ± 0.23 10.14 ± 0.23 9.86 ± 0.92 11.22 ± 0.69 9.88 ± 1.20 a
Average 7.86 ± 0.74 b 9.18 ± 1.48 a 9.34 ± 0.75 a 9.93 ± 1.44 a
Description: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column indicate no significant difference at the 5% level (lowercase letters) based
on the Duncan Range Test (DMRT).

Table 7 can be explained that the treatment of giving water / plot, which is 8.86 kg, very significantly different
Lamtoro leaf POC has a very significant effect on the from L 0 = 0 ml / 1L water / plot 8.49 kg. The provision of
weight of fruit per plot. The highest fruit weight per plot quail manure fertilizer has a very significant effect on the
was obtained at L 2 = 400 ml / 1L water / plot, which is weight of fruit per plot. The highest fruit weight per plot
9.88 kg, significantly different from L 1 = 200 ml / 1L was obtained at P 3 = 3 kg / plot, which is 9.93 kg, not

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 Parna et al. 2025 Page 155 of 156

significantly different from P 2 = 2 kg / plot, which is 9.34 plants' growth phase and yield. Where the K element has an
kg, P 1 = 1 kg / plot, which is 9.18 kg but very significantly important role in increasing the diameter of the plant
different from P 0 = 0 kg / plot 7.89 kg. tubers. The K element in the soil affects the enlargement of
The nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content in POC the fruit circle, if the K element deficiency can inhibit the
plays an important role in the photosynthesis process. process of forming the fruit circle, so that it will affect the
Nitrogen (N) in plants forms chlorophyll, which is very weight of the plant (Kurniati et al ., 2017).
important for photosynthesis and synthesizing proteins, The regression analysis results of the Lamtoro leaf
fats, and other organic compounds ( Salman et al., 2024) . POC administration on the fruit weight parameter per plot
The K element contained in the fertilizer affects melon showed a linear relationship, as presented in Figure 6.

10,00 9,88
Fruit Weight Per Plot (kg)

9,50
8,86
9,00
Ŷ= 0.0035x + 8.3847
8,49 r = 0.9316
8,50

8,00
0 200 400
POC Lamtoro Leaves (ml/1 L/plot)
Figure 6. Relationship between Provision of Lamtoro Leaf POC and Plot Fruit Weight (kg).
Figure 6 shows that the administration of Lamtoro leaf leaves contains relatively high nutrients, especially
POC with different doses on the fruit weight parameter per nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The size and quality
plot shows a linear relationship with the equation Ŷ = of fruit in the generative phase are influenced by the
0.0035x + 8.3847 with an r value = 0.9316, indicating that availability of P and K elements, which play an important
the fruit weight per plot increased. role in the formation of fruit and flowers (Santos et al .,
Fruit development and fruit ripening must be supported 2017).
by fairly balanced nutrients at the right time. Nutrients that The regression analysis of quail droppings on the fruit
need to be considered are Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen, weight parameter per plot showed a linear relationship, as
and Calcium (Ca). Liquid organic fertilizer from Lamtoro presented in Figure 7.

10,00 9,93
9,34
Fruit Weight Per Plot (kg)

9,50 9,18
9,00
8,50 7,86

8,00 Ŷ = 0.6371 x + 8.1232

r = 0.886
7,50
7,00
0 1 2 3
Bird Droppings Fertilizer (kg/plot)
Figure 7. Relationship between Quail Manure Fertilizer Application and Fruit Weight Per Plot (kg).
Figure 7 shows that the provision of quail droppings reproductive organ tissue (fruit, seeds, and tubers). This
with different doses on the fruit weight parameters of the process enhances the quality attributes of the fruit,
sample plants shows a linear relationship with the equation including its color, taste, and size (Tarjiyo & Elfis, 2023).
Ŷ = 0.6371 x + 8.1232 with a value of r = 0.886, indicating
that the fruit weight per plot increased. 4. Conclusion
Fruit formation necessitates the presence of potassium
The administration of Lamtoro leaf POC and quail
in optimal amounts, as potassium plays a pivotal role in the manure fertilizer has been demonstrated to exert a
transportation of the outcomes of photosynthesis substantial effect on the generative phase of melon plants.
(assimilates) from the leaves through the phloem to the The optimal dosage of Lamtoro leaf POC is determined to

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 Parna et al. 2025 Page 156 of 156

be 400 milliliters per liter of water per plot, whereas the plot.
optimal dosage of quail manure fertilizer is 3 kilograms per
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