READING LEVEL 2

(Ver 4.0)

LESSON 1 – PASSAGE LIST

Title Page #

1. “Social Structuring” .................................................................................. 1

2. “Star-Crossing Planets” ............................................................................. 3

3. “Moonwalking with Einstein”................................................................... 6

4. “Weeds” .................................................................................................... 8

Summa Education www.summa-edu.com

 Social Structuring

50

55

5
60

10
65

15
70

20
75

25
80

30
85

35

40

45

Page 1
Page 2
 Star-crossing Planets
overview- more about content, how are the paragraphs organized

Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage. stars in tight orbits. Theorists think such planets
45 formed farther from the star and later barreled
This passage is adapted from Yudhijit inward, clearing away any potential wobble-
Bhattacharjee, "Star-Crossing Planets Literally inducing companions.
Strut Their Stuff." ©2014 by American The technique became practical thanks to the
Association for the Advancement of Science. Kepler spacecraft, which until 2013 was
50 monitoring the brightness of 160,000 nearby stars
Exoplanets are planets outside of our solar for the telltale dimming due to transiting planets.
system. When exoplanet hunters announced in Kepler began delivering data on dozens of
January of 2014 that they had found a tribe of planetary systems, many of them consisting of
"mini-Neptunes" and the lightest planet ever multiple planets. In 2010, astronomers began
5 detected outside our solar system, they highlighted 55 making TTV detections. Their expertise has been
more than just the diversity of exoplanets. The growing ever since.
introduce a
new method results, announced at a meeting of the American David Kipping, an astronomer at the Harvard-
Astronomical Society, also show the power of an Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in
up-and-coming method of calculating the masses Cambridge, Massachusetts, and his colleagues
10 of alien worlds from the way they eclipse their 60 came across KOI-314c while combing Kepler data
stars. for TTV signatures due to exomoons, which
The new technique, called transit timing should cause transiting exoplanets to wobble and
variation (TTV), is enabling astronomers to fill out change their transit timing. But the transits seen
their picture of dozens of exoplanets detected by around the star KOI-314, a red dwarf some 200
15 NASA's Kepler spacecraft. The eclipses, or 65 light-years from Earth, pointed instead to the
how to "transits," that Kepler detected reveal only a presence of two planets. Their transit times were
use TTV
planet's size and orbital period. To know whether varying in lockstep: when one planet slowed down
to detect
planets it is rocky, gaseous, or some mixture of the two, in its orbit around the star, the other would speed
astronomers also need its mass. Traditionally, they up, and vice versa. "We saw the same TTV
20 have resorted to ground-based telescopes to 70 signature, just in opposite phase to each other,"
determine it, by measuring the wobble of the star Kipping says. "It was obvious that these two
as the planet tugs on it. But TTV can determine planets must be interacting."
masses from transit data alone. By simulating the dance on a computer, the
The technique was the brainchild of Matthew researchers worked out the masses of the two what they
25 Holman, an astrophysicist at Harvard University, 75 planets. They found that the outer, KOI-314c, found about
the feature of
and others. If two or more planets happened to be which orbits the star every 23 days, has the same the earth
orbiting a star in close proximity, they reasoned, mass as Earth, although it is about 60% larger than
their gravitational tugs on each other would alter Earth in radius. Kipping and his colleagues infer
their orbital periods. If one of them was a that the planet—the lightest exoplanet so far
30 transiting planet—dimming the light of its parent 80 discovered—has a rocky core, and a thick, gaseous
measure
when star as it passed between the star and Earth— atmosphere. The inner planet, KOI-314b, is similar
orbiting astronomers would see its transit timing vary over in size but about four times as massive.
multiple orbits, betraying the presence of a Meanwhile, researchers led by Yoram
companion planet. If both planets were transiting, Lithwick, an astronomer at Northwestern
35 astronomers could measure the perturbations in 85 University in Evanston, Illinois, were looking at
both their orbits and work out the planets' masses. the TTV signatures of 163 exoplanets found by
Holman and a colleague published the idea in Kepler. The team determined that about 60 of
2005, and Eric Agol of the University of them occupy a mass range between Earth and
Washington, Seattle, and colleagues put forward a Neptune and are larger than expected for a rocky
40 similar scheme almost simultaneously. For years 90 planet of that mass, suggesting they are blanketed
afterward, however, astronomers failed to detect by thick, extended atmospheres. They also found a
transit timing variations because almost all known pattern: as the planets grew bigger in radius, their
exoplanets were gas giants spinning around their density declined. "If you make something twice as

Page 3
 big, it becomes four times less dense," Lithwick 4
95 says. "So from going from a less than two Earth Based on the passage, which question are
radii to four Earth radii, the density goes from astronomers unable to answer unless they know a
rock-like all the way to gas." Lithwick predicts the particular exoplanet's mass?
surprising finding "will have big implications for A) How similar to Earth is that planet in its ratio of
understanding planet formation." rock to gas?
B) Was that planet formed at about the same time
that Earth was?
C) What is the size of the parent star that planet
orbits?
D) Does that planet orbit a parent star in
1 conjunction with a companion planet?
The main purpose of the passage is to
A) discuss the use of a new astronomical 5
technique. Which choice provides the best evidence for the
B) provide preliminary data about certain planets. answer to the previous question?
C) argue in favor of a controversial experiment A) Lines 6-11 ("The results ... stars")
D) suggest an innovative alternative to an B) Lines 17-19 ("To know... mass")
established scientific procedure. C) Lines 33-36 ("If both ... masses")
D) Lines 75-78 ("They... radius")
2
The author's central claim in the passage is that 6
A) TTV has enabled astronomers to determine As used in line 19, "traditionally" most nearly
more accurately than before the mass of certain means
planets outside of our solar system. A) authentically.
B) NASA's Kepler spacecraft provided richer data B) properly.
about exoplanets than had been anticipated by C) historically.
the astronomical community. D) conservatively.
C) there are more planets outside of our solar
system with an atmosphere similar to that of 7
Earth than had previously been hypothesized. According to the passage, why was the TTV
D) astronomers have gradually become more and technique difficult to implement before the data
more skilled in using TTV to calculate the from the Kepler spacecraft became available?
composition of planets. A) TTV requires the existence of companion
planets, and most known exoplanets prior to
3 Kepler did not show evidence of companions.
Over the course of the passage, the main focus B) TTV requires several different sets of data for
shifts from a confirmation, and prior to Kepler only a single
A) summary of the results of several experiments set of data was available.
to a chronicle of the process used in one of C) TTV requires that a planet orbit a parent star,
those experiments. and prior to Kepler the location of the parent
B) reflection regarding the traditional difficulties stars of exoplanets was difficult to determine.
of a scientific problem to a consideration of a D) TTV requires that the mass of a planet be
new technique rendering that problem obsolete. known, and prior to Kepler the masses of
C) description of an innovative procedure to an exoplanets were impossible to ascertain.
account of some specific applications of that
procedure.
D) defense of a controversial scientific practice to
a demonstration of that practice's ultimate
usefulness.

Page 4
 8
As used in line 48, "practical" most nearly means
A) ordinary.
B) workable.
C) systematic.
D) qualified.

9
What would be the effect on Lithwick's findings of
the discovery of a planet with a radius four times
greater than Earth's and a density similar to
Earth's?
A) Such a discovery would have no effect on
Lithwick's findings, because Lithwick's
research was restricted to planets with gaseous
atmospheres.
B) Such a discovery would bolster Lithwick's
findings, because such a planet would have a
proportionate size and density.
C) Such a discovery would bolster Lithwick's
findings, because human beings would be likely
to survive on such a planet.
D) Such a discovery would challenge Lithwick's
findings, because such a planet would not
conform to his expectations.

10
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 73-75 ("By simulating... planets")
B) Lines 78-81 ("Kipping... atmosphere")
C) Lines 83-87 ("Meanwhile... Kepler")
D) Lines 91-95 ("They... says")

Page 5
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK
 Moonwalking with Einstein

Questions 1 -11 are based on the following athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. of the control subjects. What’s more, on every single
This passage is adapted from Joshua Foer, Moonwalking
test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes’
with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything
scores came back well within the normal range. The
©2011 by Joshua Foer. 55 memory champs weren’t smarter, and they didn’t
have special brains.
In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College But there was one telling difference between the
London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out . brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects:
H what effect, if any, all that driving around the When the researchers looked at which parts of the
Line labyrinthine streets of London might have on 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were
5 cabbies’ brains. When she brought sixteen taxi
R
memorizing, they found that they were activating
drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an 2 entirely different circuitry. According to the
MRI scanner, she found one surprising and functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that
E1 important difference. The right posterior were less active in the control subjects seemed to be
hippocampus, a part of the brain known to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.
10 involved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were
than normal in the cabbies—a small but very learning new information, they were engaging
significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of several regions of the brain known to be involved in
that way-finding around London had physically two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial
R altered the gross structure of their brains. The more 70 navigation, including the same right posterior
1 15 years a cabbie had been on the road, the more hippocampal region that the London cabbies had
pronounced the effect. enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first
The brain is a mutable organ, capable—within glance, this wouldn’t seem to make any sense.
limits—of reorganizing itself and readapting to new Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in
kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known as 75 their mind’s eye when they were trying to learn
20 neuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating
adult brain was incapable of spawning new like London cabbies when they’re supposed to be
neurons—that while learning caused synapses to remembering the shapes of snowflakes?
rearrange themselves and new links between brain Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes
cells to form, the brain’s basic anatomical structure 80 to describe exactly what was going through their
25 was more or less static. Maguire’s study suggested the minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said
old inherited wisdom was simply not true. they were consciously converting the information
After her groundbreaking study of London they were being asked to memorize into images, and
cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to IM distributing those images along familiar spatial
mental athletes. She teamed up with Elizabeth 85 journeys. They weren’t doing this automatically, or
30 Valentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic because it was an inborn talent they’d nurtured since
monograph Superior Memory, to study ten childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural
individuals who had finished near the top of the activity that Maguire’s fMRIs turned up were the
World Memory Championship. They wanted to find result of training and practice.
out if the memorizers’ brains were—like the London
35 cabbies’—structurally different from the rest of ours,
1
H
or if they were somehow just making better use of According to the passage, Maguire’s findings
2
memory abilities that we all possess. regarding taxi drivers are significant because they
The researchers put both the mental athletes and a
group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners A) demonstrate the validity of a new method.
40 and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, B) provide evidence for a popular viewpoint.
black-and-white photographs of people’s faces, and C) call into question an earlier consensus.
E2 magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains D) challenge the authenticity of previous data.
were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it
was possible that they might discover anatomical 2
45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, Which choice provides the best evidence for the
evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized answer to the previous question?
themselves in the process of doing all that intensive
remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the A) Lines 8-12 (“The righ t . . . difference”)
R imaging data, not a single significant structural B) Lines 12-16 (“Maguire . . . effect”)
2 R50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental C) Lines 17-20 (“The brain . . . neuroplasticity”)
2
D) Lines 20-26 (“It had . . . true”)
Page 6
 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3
8
As used in line 24, “basic” most nearly means According to the passage, when compared to mental
A) initial. athletes, the individuals in the control group in
B) simple. Maguire’s second study

C) necessary. A) showed less brain activity overall.

D) fundamental. B) demonstrated a wider range of cognitive ability.
C) exhibited different patterns of brain activity.
4
D) displayed noticeably smaller hippocampal
Which question was Maguire’s study of mental regions.
athletes primarily intended to answer?
9
A) Does the act of memorization make use of
different brain structures than does the act of The passage most strongly suggests that mental
navigation? athletes are successful at memorization because they
B) Do mental athletes inherit their unusual brain A) exploit parts of the brain not normally used in
structures, or do the structures develop as a routine memorization.
result of specific activities? B) convert information they are trying to memorize
C) Does heightened memorization ability reflect into abstract symbols.
abnormal brain structure or an unusual use of C) organize information into numerical lists prior
normal brain structure? to memorization.
D) What is the relationship between general
D) exercise their brains regularly through puzzles
cognitive ability and the unusual brain structures
and other mental challenges.
of mental athletes?

5 10
5 10
Which choice provides the best evidence for the Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question? answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 27-29 (“Afte r . . . athletes”) A) Lines 66-72 (“Surprisingly . . . way-finding”)
B) Lines 33-37 (“The y . . . possess”)
B) Lines 72-73 (“At first . . . sense”)
C) Lines 38-43 (“The researchers . . . scanned”)
C) Lines 79-81 (“Maguire . . . memorized”)
D) Lines 52-54 (“What’s . . . range”)
D) Lines 85-87 (“The y . . . childhood”)
6
6
As used in line 39, “matched” most nearly means 11 11
A) comparable. The questions in lines 74-78 primarily serve to
B) identical. A) raise doubts about the reliability of the
C) distinguishable. conclusions reached by Maguire.
D) competing. B) emphasize and elaborate on an initially puzzling
result of Maguire’s study of mental athletes.
7 C) imply that Maguire’s findings undermine earlier
The main purpose of the fifth paragraph studies of the same phenomenon.
(lines 57-65) is to D) introduce and explain a connection between
Maguire’s two studies and her earlier work.
A) relate Maguire’s study of mental athletes to her
study of taxi drivers.
B) speculate on the reason for Maguire’s
unexpected results.
C) identify an important finding of Maguire’s study
of mental athletes.
D) transition from a summary of Maguire’s findings
to a description of her methods.

Page 7
 Weeds

and supplementary material.

Reading Test
Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he
first came up with this idea because he assumed that such
45

This passage is an excerpt60 from MINUTES,

an essay by Peter47 QUESTIONSa simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime
A. Ensminger,
“Control of Weeds by Plowing at Night,” from his collection of must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long
E2
essays Life Under The TurnSun. ©2001 by Peter A. Ensminger and
to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer
ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a
the questions in this section.
Yale University Press. 50 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly
demonstrated that the method can be effective.
Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural
farmers simply plowed DIRECTIONS
their fields to control weeds. Even strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl
today, plowing can constitute a valuable part of an integrated Seydel
Line weed-management Each program.passage or pairplowing
Although of passages
kills below is E2
followed by acultivated
number of one strip, repeated
questions. threefold, at around
After reading
55 midday and the other strip at night. No crops were
5 standing weeds, farmers each passage
have longorknown pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
that it often planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible
leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few and in any accompanying
implied in the passage or passages graphics (such as a table or
competition with the emerging weeds. The results were
weeks. graph). R2 dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field
Ecologists have shown that a farmer’s field can have plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas only
50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter buried 60 about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered
10 beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown by weeds.
Questions 1-9 are based
than on theonefollowing passage. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

that seeds buried more about centimeter below This method of rather
weed control is currently
H1
the soil
This surface
passage do not receive
is adapted from Janeenough
Austen,light to germinate.
Emma, originally
power of having too much her ownbeing
way,used
and a
by
30
several
disposition farmers
to in
think Germany.
a little too Because
well ofmany of the
herself; these
Do the blades
published of a plow, which can reach more than a foot
in 1815. same
beneath the soil surface, bring some of these buried seeds wereweed species that invade
the disadvantages which farmers’ fields alloy
threatened in Germany
to her
Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, 65 also
manyinvade fields
enjoyments. elsewhere
The in
danger,the world,
however, this method
was at
15 to the surface where their germination is induced by
with a comfortable home and happy disposition, IM should
present be so
successful
unperceived,elsewhere. In fact,
that they didrecent
not bystudies
any at
exposure to sunlight? universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark,
seemed to unite some of the best blessings of means rank as misfortunes with her.
Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik,
Line existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in Sweden, and came—a
Argentinagentle support this idea. not at
began to study this question in the 1960s. In a relatively
35 Sorrow sorrow—but
5 the world with very little to distress or vex her. all in the shape of any disagreeable
simpleSheexperiment, they went
was the youngest to ten
of the two different
daughters habitats
of a in
E1 consciousness.—Miss
Figure 1 Taylor married. It was
20 Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil
most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on
samples.
consequenceThey stirred
of her up the soil
sister’s in one sample
marriage, of each of
been mistress Number of Emerged Seedlings infriend
Soil Samples
pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each
the wedding-day of this beloved that Emma
his house from a very early period. Her mother had One Month after Soil Was
40 first sat in mournful thought of any continuance.Disturbed
pair in the dark. They then exposed all ten pairs to natural
10 died too long ago for her to have more than an
sunlight in aremembrance
greenhouse. For
The wedding over and theNumber bride-people gone,
of emerged her
seedlings
indistinct of nine of the tenand
her caresses, pairs
herof soil father and herself were left to dine
in soil disturbed in no
together, with
R 25 samples,
place had weedbeengrowth
suppliedwas greater in the samples
by an excellent woman stirred
as prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her
up in light. They
governess, whoconcluded
had fallenthat littlesoil disturbance
short of a mother givesin Sample Source ofhimself
soil light after dinner,darkness
father composed to sleep as
IM weed seeds
affection. a “light break, ” and this stimulates their
45 usual,
A and she
deciduous had then
woods only to
4 sit and think 0of what
15
germination.
Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in she had lost.
Mr.More recently, Karl
Woodhouse’s Hartmann
family, less asofa Erlangen
governessUniversity
than a B deciduous woods
The event had every promise 2
of happiness1 for her
30 infriend,
Germany reasoned that when farmers
very fond of both daughters, but particularly plowed their friend.
C Mr. Weston
deciduous was a man6 of unexceptionable
woods 2
fields duringBetween
of Emma. the day, the
them buried
it wasweedmore seeds
the are brieflyof
intimacy character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant
exposed
sisters. to
Even sunlight
beforeasMiss
the soil is turned
Taylor over, and
had ceased to that
hold D conifer plantation 8 3
50 manners; and there was some satisfaction in
this stimulates their germination. Although
20 the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her the light E conifer plantation 2 1
considering with what self-denying, generous
exposures
temper had from plowing
hardly may be
allowed herless
to than
impose oneanymillisecond,
H2 friendship
F she had always
tall-grass prairie wished 5 and promoted
1 the
35 that can be and
restraint; enough
the to induceofseed
shadow germination.
authority being now Thus the
match; but it was a black morning’s work for her.
germination
long passedofaway, weedthey
seedshad would
beenbeliving
minimized
togetherif farmers
as G want of oldMiss
pasture 0 be felt every 2hour of
The Taylor would
simply plowed their fields during the
friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma night, when the
55 every
H day. She recalled
old pasture her past 2 kindness—the 1
25photon
doing fluence
just what rate (the
she rate highly
liked; at which photons hit the
esteeming kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had
surface) is belowjudgment,
1015 photons but per square meterby per I
Miss Taylor’s directed chiefly taught and muck
how she field had played 14 with her from 2 five
40 second. Although even under these conditions hundreds
her own. years
J old—how she
muck field had devoted 5 all her powers
3 to
of millions of photons strike each square millimeter of
attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her
ground each second, this illumination is below the
60 through the various illnesses of childhood. A large
threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most
seeds.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Page 8
 implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or

1 Reading Test 6
According to the passage, exposure to light allows Which choice provides the best evidence for the
seeds to answer to the previous question?
The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the
A) begin to develop. A) Lines
power 52-55rather
of having (“Hartmann…
too muchnight”)
her own way, and a
B) absorb necessary nutrients. B) Lines 55-57
30 disposition (“No
to think crops…
a little too weeds”)
well of herself; these
C) withstand extreme temperatures. were
C) the disadvantages
Lines 57-58 (“Th e which
results…threatened alloy to her
dramatic”)
D) achieve maximum growth. many enjoyments. The danger,
D) Lines 58-61 (“More… weeds”) however, was at
DIRECTIONS present so unperceived, that they did not by any
means rank as misfortunes with her.
35 Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at
2 7
all in the shape of any disagreeable
The question in the second paragraph (lines 13-16) As used in line 58, “dramatic”
consciousness.—Miss most nearly
Taylor married. means
It was
primarily serves tograph). Miss
A) Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on
theatrical.

1
A) emphasize the provisional nature of the findings the wedding-day
B) sudden. of this beloved friend that Emma
40 first sat in mournful thought of any continuance.
discussed in the passage. C) impressive.
The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her
B) introduce
Questions 1-9the
arespecific
based research topic addressed
on the following passage. D) emotional.

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
father and herself were left to dine together, with no
in the passage.
This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma, originally prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her
C) suggest
published the hypothetical impact of the studies
in 1815.
analyzed in the passage. Reading Test
8 father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as
Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, According to the table, in which soil sample disturbed
darkness did the60 MINUTES, 47 QUESTION
D) indicate the level of disagreement about the
withmethods
a comfortable home and happy disposition,
explored in the passage. 46 in fewest number of seedlings
existence;
seemed
Line to and
unitehadsomelived
of nearly
the besttwenty-one
blessings of years in emerge?
the world with very little to distress or vex her.
5 How would the authors of Passage 2 most likely
A) Sample Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to ans
A “prospect”
3 She was the youngest of the two daughters of a respond to the referred to in line 21,
most
As usedaffectionate, indulgentmost
in line 15, “induced” father, and means
nearly had, in B) Sample
Passage 1? B
consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of C) With
A) Sample C
approval, because it illustrates how useful
A) lured. DIRECTIONS
his house from a very early period. Her mother had D) de-extinction
Sample D could be in addressing widespread
10 died established.
B) too long ago for her to have more than an environmentalEachconcerns.
passage or pair of passages below is follow
C) convinced.
indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her B) With resignation, eachbecause
passagethe or gradual
pair, choose the best answer to
extinction
D)
placestimulated.
had been supplied by an excellent woman as 9 of many livingimplied species in is the
inevitable.
passage or passages and in any a
governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in
affection. As presented
C) With concern, in thegraph).
table, which
because sample
it implies anproduced
easy the
15
4 Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in most seedlings
solution to awhen the
difficult soil was
problem. disturbed in light?
45 usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what
Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a
Which choice best supports the idea that seeds D)
she With
A)had Sample disdain,
lost. G because it shows that people have
friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly
fields plowed little understanding of the importance of for
genetic
present
of Emma. in the
Between them itatwas
night
moreare the
exposed to of
intimacy B)TheSample
Questionsevent1-9 hadare
H every promise
based on theof following
happiness her
passage.
some amount of light? diversity.
friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable
sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold C) passage
This Sample isI adapted from Jane Austen, , originally
the nominal
20 A) Lines 29-33office of governess,
(“More… the mildness of her
germination”) character, easy fortune, suitable age andEmma pleasant
D) Sample
published J
in 1815.
50 manners; and there was some satisfaction in
temper
B) had
Lines hardly
33-35 allowed her
(“Although… to impose any
germination”)
restraint; and the shadow of authority being now considering with what self-denying,
Emma Woodhouse, handsome, generous
clever, and rich,
C) Lines 40-44 (“Although… seeds”) friendship she had always wished and promoted the
long passed away, they had been living together as 10
D) Lines 45-49 60 MINUTES,
(“Hartmann… ago”)
friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma 47 QUESTIONS match; but it was a black morning’s work for her.
Thewant
The data ofpresented
Miss in thewould
Taylor table most
be directly
felt every support
hour of
25 doing just what she liked; highly esteeming
Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by 47
55 which
every claim
day. She from the
recalled passage?
her past kindness—the
5 her own. kindness,
A) Lines the affection of weeds”)
sixteen years—how she had
Which choice1-2 would(“Many…best support the claim that the
The passage suggests that if Seydel had planted wheat taught and how she had played with her from five
B) Lines
authors 8-10 (“Ecologists…
of Passage 2 recognize that surface”)
the “imagination
or corn on the two agricultural strips in Hartmann’s years old—how she had devoted all her powers to
soars”
C) (line
Lines 24,
10-12Passage
(“Plant…1) ingerminate”)
response to
experiment, the percentage of the surface of each attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her
de-extinction
D) Lines technology?
(“Th
strip covered with weeds
eet to answer the questions in this section. would likely have been through the 35-40
various us… second”)
illnesses of childhood. A large
A) Lines 28-30 (“Th e . . . news”)
A) lower than the percentage that Hartmann found.
B) higher than the percentage that Hartmann had
predicted.
60
C) nearly impossible for Hartmann to determine.
w is followed by a number of questions. After reading
answer to each comparable
D)question basedtoon Hartmann’s original
what is stated or projection.
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Page 9